US2269678A - Method of manufacturing coil structures - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing coil structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US2269678A
US2269678A US277044A US27704439A US2269678A US 2269678 A US2269678 A US 2269678A US 277044 A US277044 A US 277044A US 27704439 A US27704439 A US 27704439A US 2269678 A US2269678 A US 2269678A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coil
coils
sides
assembly
magnetic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US277044A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mauerer Leopold
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Jefferson Electric Co
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Jefferson Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL73807D priority Critical patent/NL73807C/xx
Application filed by Jefferson Electric Co filed Critical Jefferson Electric Co
Priority to US277044A priority patent/US2269678A/en
Priority to GB5450/40A priority patent/GB539122A/en
Priority to GB8148/41A priority patent/GB540554A/en
Priority to US399315A priority patent/US2333806A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2269678A publication Critical patent/US2269678A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/70—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam
    • H01J29/72—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam along one straight line or along two perpendicular straight lines
    • H01J29/76—Deflecting by magnetic fields only
    • H01J29/762—Deflecting by magnetic fields only using saddle coils or printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/70—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam
    • H01J29/72—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam along one straight line or along two perpendicular straight lines
    • H01J29/76—Deflecting by magnetic fields only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • Y10T29/49071—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor by winding or coiling

Definitions

  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a coil assembly, the coils of which have axially thin end sections so that the coil window lengths are long as compared to the available space for coils in the direction of the longitudinal axis thereof.
  • Another'object of my invention is to provide a process of making a coil assembly including a plurality of coils, the magnetic axes of which are at right angles, and by which the coils are self-locating in their proper positions for such angular relations.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a process of manufacturing a coil assembly comprehending prewound and subsequently assembled and deformed coils.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a scanning yoke assembly for use with television apparatus including a cathode ray tube, which scanning yoke produces a magnetic field which is substantially uniform over the entire cross sectional area that is traversed by the beam in the tubes.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a process of manufacturing a magnetic scanning yoke for television apparatus which enables the easy and consistent manufacture of such scanning yoke in production quantities.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide an improved method or process for the manufacture of coil assemblies which include a plurality of coils mounted with their magnetic axes in fixed and predetermined angular relation.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide an improved method or process for the manufacture of scanning yokes for television receiving apparatus.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide an improved method or process for the manufacture of coil assemblies which comprehends the use of pre-wound coils deformed in assembly; the size and deformation of the coils being such that the resulting assembly has desirable characteristics.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation showing an adaptation of a preferred embodiment of this invention to television apparatus
  • Figures 2. 3 and 4 are perspective views of unassembled parts adapted to be assembled as and in accordance with a preferred embodiment of.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view indicating a step in the assembly of the parts shown in Figures 2 and 3;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view indicating a step in the assembly of the parts shown in Figures 2,
  • Figures '7 and 8 are end views indicating the relation of the parts shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively;
  • Figure 9 is a fragmentary side view indicating the relation of a portion of the assembled parts shown in Figure 6;
  • Figures 10, 11 and 12 are respective perspective views showing the steps of the assembly of, and in accordance with a preferred embodiment of my invention which succeed the steps indicated in Figures 5 and 6;
  • FIGs 13, 14 and 15 are end views of the apparatus as it is shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12 respectively;
  • Figure 16 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 17 is a side elevation of an assembly embodying a. preferred form of my invention and having a part thereof cut away to show details of construction;
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view of a part of the assembly shown in Figures 12, 15, 16 and 17
  • Figure 19 is a sectional end view of a modified form of my invention
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 are fragmentary sectional views indicating other modifications of my invention.
  • Figures 22 and 23 are sectional views indicat ing modified steps in the assembly of a device in accordance with my invention.
  • Figure 24 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view illustrating modified winding connections for coils utilized in my invention.
  • FIG. 1 a scanning yoke 3i made in accordance with this invention is shown applied to a cathode ray tube 32, in conjunction with which it is adapted to operate as a part of television receiving apparatus.
  • the cathode ray tube 32 is one of the type commonly in use for the purpose specified having a glass envelope 33 and a fluorescent screen at one end, as at 34.
  • the tube 32 includes an electron gun, the end of which is indicated by dotted lines at 35, and from which an electron beam is projected against
  • the wall 33 of the tube adjacent the fluorescent screen 34 flares outwardly to permit deflection of the electron beam over a greater fluorescent screen surface.
  • a neck 38 of the envelope 33 encloses the electron gun 35 and extends a distance beyond the end of the gun.
  • a base 33 is secured to the end of the neck 35 and has prongs .33 secured thereto to which the electrical connections are made to the internal elements of the tube.
  • a terminal 39 is secured to the envelope for making electrical connection to a high voltage elect-rode or anode to the tube.
  • the scanning or deflecting yoke 35 preferably gun 35 to the portion of .the envelope where the wall thereof commences to flare outwardly toward the end in which the fluorescent screen is' located.
  • This scanning or deflecting yoke 31 has two sets of deflecting coils and 42.
  • the deflecting coils Q9 and 32 are so disposed with respect to each other that their magnetic axes are perpendicular. It is also preferable and particularly desirable that.
  • the longitudinal axes of the coils are parallel to the electron beam in its normal or undeflected position.
  • the magnetic axes of the coils 4i) and 32 extend across the neck 35 of the tube and are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube as-well as the normal or undeflected beam.
  • a low reluctance magnetic flux path 63 closely surrounds the outer surfaces of the coils and extends circumferentially around the neck 36 of the tube.
  • the window openings of the coils are as long as possible with respect to the space available for the scanning or deflecting coil assembly between the end of the electron gun 35 and the outwardly flaring portion of the envelope 33. This feature provides a greater effective length of the coils in the space available therefor.
  • a form 44 of phenol fiber or other suitable insulating material provides a cylindrical support for the coils 40 and 42'.
  • the form 44 preferably has an internal diameter such that it fits snugly around the neck 38 of the cathode ray tube 32.
  • the wall ofthe form 46 is preferably thin so that the length of the flux 'pa'th therethrough is minimized; al-
  • cylindrical as used herein covers the more general aspect of the term and includes polygonal cylindrical forms.
  • the coils 48 and '32 are so disposed with respect to the form 45 that the sides 45 and 46 of the coil ll) and the sides 6'! and A8 of the coil 32 are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the form.
  • the coil sides 45, it, A? and A8 are axially straight and sectionally conform to the outer surface of the form M.
  • the transverse disposition of the coils is such that their-magnetic axes are perpendicular.
  • each of the coil sides Q5, 16, 3? and B8 of each of the coils circumferentially covers one fourth of the surface of the form l l.
  • the end turns of the coils 3b and 32 extend outwardly from and circumferentially around the ends of the form M; half of the end turns of each coil extending around one side of the form 44;
  • the coil 42 has half of its end turns, as at 54, extending around one side of the form 54 and the other half of its end turns extending around and diametrically opposite side of the form 44 as at 56 and 51.
  • , 52, 53, 54, 55 and 51 of the coils 4B and! are preferably so relatively disposed that they extend radially outwardly from the form 44 and have a section which is axially thin.
  • the end turns of half of the turns of each of the coils extend around diametrically opposite halves of the form H.
  • the thin axial section of the end turns which aaeaevs is particularly desirable provides coil windows such as 53 and 80 which'are axially long as compared to the over all axial length of the finished coils 40 and 42 and the over all length of the finished yoke.
  • the ratio of axial window length to the yoke length should be high to provide windows which are as long as possible in the space is desirable from the standpoint of efficiency to increase the coil window lengths.
  • the coil assembly may be dipped in wax or some similar substance to help to hold the turns thereof in their assembled position, this procedure is not particularly necessary when the coils are assembled on a form-such as 44.
  • the coils 48 and 42 are held in'positionwith respect to the form 44 by a wrapping of an adhesive tape such as 6
  • wrappings of an'adhesive tape, such as cellulose tape surround the end turns 50, 52, 53, 54, 58 and 51, as at 62, 63, 64, 65, 56, 61 and 89 respectively.
  • the lowreluctance magnetic flux path which surround-s the coils 40 and 42 preferably comprises a plurality of layers 10 of magnetic wire wrapped circumferentially around the coils and having the layers" separated by paper II or other suitable insulating material.
  • the low reluctance path 43 provides a return path for the flux of the coils 48 and 42 that passes through the cathode ray tube 32 to efiect deflection of the electron beam. Since the internal diameter of the form- 44, and the consequent length of the air gap within the form 44, is determined by the diameter of the neck 36 of the cathode ray tube,'the length of that portion of the flux path is determined.
  • the magnetic efiiciency of the yoke is improved by minimizing the space between the low reluctance path 43 and the inside of the form 44.
  • the coils 40 and 42 circumferentially cover the surface of the form 44, as in the previously described form. It is also common to the two forms of coils that the coil sides of one of the coils are of substantially the same width as, and'fit into the, window openings of the other coil. The difference in the structures is that the coil sides of the two coils are not of the same width in the form shown in Figure 19. That is, the coil sides '14 and of the coil 42 are narrower than the coil sides 16 and 11 of the coil 40.
  • the coils 48 and 42 have a plurality of layers; the coil 40 having layers such as 19 and 80 and the coil 42 having layers such as 8
  • the particular form disclosed in Figure 20 has a part of the layers, such as the layers 18 of the coil 40 and the layers 20 8
  • accomplish the spacing. of the windings upon the form and the self-alignment and positioning of the coils 48 and 42.
  • the other layers, such as 38 and 82 of the coils are so distributed that they provide a desirable distortion of the magnetic fields of the coils.
  • a type of distortion known in the art as barrel distortion is obtained.
  • This particular type of distortion is utilized in compensating for a characteristic of some cathode ray tubes. This distortion would normally tend to cause the sides of the image pattern to bulge or be convexly distorted from the normal or undistorted pattern.
  • the inherent spacing and alignment of the coils is not attendant with the 40 spacing of the sides of each of the coils, one from the other, it is understood that other structural features of the yoke might be utilized with the coil sides spacedor separated on the form 44.
  • the sides of one of the coils overlap the sides of the other coil as illustrated at 83 and 84 where the sides of the coil 40 overlap the sides of the coil- 42.
  • the overlapping of the coils in this manner provides a form ofdistortion which is known in the art as "pincushion distortion.” This type of distortion is sometimes desirable to compensate for other variations and characteristics of the cathode ray tube.
  • the windings of the coils 40 and 42 are preferably continuous, but it is understood that the halves of the coils may be separately wound,.
  • connections to the coils 40 are made through suitable lead wires such as 85 and 86 which may be continuations of the winding; and connections to the coil 42 are made through lead wires 8! and 88.
  • the ends of the coil 42 are of such length that the cylindrical form M fits into the coil as shown in Figures 5 and '7 with the longitudinal axis of the'form Ml substantially parallel to the sides 41 and 48 and the outside surface of the form M substantially in contact with the mid-portion or intermediate turns of the coil.
  • the length of the sides 4'! and i8 is such that a space is provided between the ends of the coil 42 and the ends of the form M, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the sides 65 and 56 of the coil 43 are longer than the sides (H and 38 of the coil 52, and are preferably of such length that when the coil 60 is placed over the form all and the coil 52 as shown in Figures 6 and 8, a space is provided between the ends of the coils t6 and 442, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the lengths of the ends of the coil iii) are preferably substantially equal to the lengths of the ends of the coil 52, so that when the coil 56 is placed over the form 4 and coil (.2 with the magnetic or winding axes of the coils perpendicular, the mid-v portion or mid-turns of the coil 38 substantially engage the outside diameter of the form 6G.
  • the coil sides of one coil are of substantially'the width of, and fit into the window of the other coil.
  • the deformation of the coils t and 42 is efi'ected by wrapping the tape 6
  • the end turns of the coil 40 are split or divided into two substantially equal parts or groups of turns.- These substantially equal parts or groups of turns at each end of the coil 40 are deformed as shown at 59, t, 52 and 53 in Figure 11, so that they extend outwardly and around diametrically opposite sides of the form 44. This deformation of the ends of the coils is accomplished with the least possible deformation of the sides thereof, so that the sides remain substantially straight over practically their entire length,
  • the end turns of the coil 42 partially overlap the end turns of the coil 40 and extend substantially out wardly and around diametrically opposite sides of the form 44 and intermediate the deformed ends of the coil 40, as shown in Figure 12.
  • the end turns of both of the coils and 42 are deformed in such a way that their dimension or section in a direction parallel to the axis of the form 44 is thin. To accomplish the thin axial section of these turns the radial dimension is increased.
  • This thin axial section provides a greater effec-v tive window length for a given over all length of a coil and increases the ratio of window length to over all coil length.
  • a collapsible arbor lilll may be utilized in place of the form M.
  • This collapsible arbor comprises a substantially cylindrical arbor member l0! which may ;be made of metal or other-suitable material that preferably has some resilience and which is split at I02 to permit expansion and contraction of the arbor.
  • Wedges I03 and I04 fit into the ends of the arbor member I02 and are drawn into'the ends by a screw I05 to expand the arbor to the proper diameter at the beginning of the assem- I bly of the yoke structure.
  • the steps of the assembly when the collapsible arbor I0 is used are similar to those previously described and in which the form 44 was made a part of the complete coil assembly.
  • a collapsible arbor may be utilized in connection with the various forms of coils illustrated and described.
  • the collapsible arbor Hill is utilized in the assembly of the coils, the assembled coil structure is dipped into a hot wax or other suitable material which solidifies upon cooling; and after such dip- I pingand cooling the arbor I00 is collapsed and removed from the assembly.
  • the wax or other material when solidified, aids in holding the parts of the coil in their proper assembled relation.
  • This type of coil although possibly someaaeaara what more diflicult to manufacture, has the advantage of improved magnetic efllciency by virtue of the reduction of the air space between the coils and the surface of the cathode ray tube, due to the elimination of the form 44.
  • a multi-layer coil H0 which may correspond to either of the coils 40 or 42, has layers ill and H2.
  • the layer H2 which is preferably the inner layer of the coil,is cut or opened at substantially the middle, so that it is divided into two halves.
  • a lead H3 at one outer end of the layer H2 provides connecting lead for the coil.
  • the other end of the half of the layer III to which the lead H3 provides a connection is connected through a lead ill to one end of the layer Ill.
  • the other end of the layer III is connected through a lead H5 to the inner end of the other half of the layer H2; and a lead H6 provides a second connecting lead for the coil.
  • a mid-tap to the coil is provided by a lead ll'l connected to the midturn of the coil. It is the purpose of connections such as those illustrated in Fig. 24 to reduce the potential difference between adjacent turns andto thereby reduce the distributed capacity of the coil.
  • the inner layer H2 be the one that is divided, because the resultant capacity will be lower with the divided layer separated from the magnetic material.
  • the method of making a coil assembly which comprises the steps of winding a pair of coils of substantially equal width with substan tially rectangular disposed flat sides and ends and with the sides of one shorter than the sides of the other, placing a cylindrical form within the shorter coil with the axis of the form parallel to the coil sides, placing the longer coil over the shorter coil and form in such relation thereto that the sides are parallel to the axis of the form and the sides of one coil are adjacent the openlngs between the sides of the other, deforming the coil sides to the cylindrical contour of the form and securing them in such position, and
  • the method of making a coil assembly which comprises the steps of winding a pair of coils of substantially equal width with substantially rectangularly disposed flat sides and ends and with the sides of one shorter than the sides of the other, placing a cylindrical form within the shorter coil with the axis of the form parallel to the coil sides, placing the longer coil over the shorter coil and form in such relation thereto that the sides are parallel to the axis of the form and the sides of one coil are adjacent the openings between the sides of the other, deforming the coil sides to the cylindrical contour of the form and securing them in such position, dividing the ends into substantially equal portions, and
  • the method of making a coil assembly which comprises the steps of winding a pair of coils having end and side portions with the sides of one longer than the sides of the other and the width of the sides of one dependent upon and determined by the distance between the sides of the other, placing a cylindrical form within the shorter coil with the axis of the form substantially parallel to the side portions, placing the longer coil over the form and shorter coil with the end portions of one coil substantially perpendicular to and between the end portions of the other, deforming the sides to the cylindrical contour of the form, dividing the end portions of each coil into parts and oppositely deforming the parts.
  • the method of making a coil assembly which comprises the steps of securing prewound coils to a form in suchrelation that the edges of the coils abut and the coil sides conform to the contour of the form, and deforming the ends of the coils so that they extend around the form and the directions of their maximum dimensions are transverse to the form.
  • steps comprising, winding a pair of coils on arbors of different sizes, placing the coils symmetrically with their winding axes perpendicular, deforming portions of the coils to conform to the contour of a form and securing the coils in the deformed positions, and subsequently deforming other portions of the coils to circumvent the contour of said form.
  • the steps comprising, winding coils in a predetermined cylindrical form, and deforming the ends of the coils to circumvent a predetermined cylindrical contour and have a high ratio of window length to over all coil length.
  • the steps comprising, winding coils in a predetermined cylindrical shape with substantially straight sides and ends. and subsequently deforming the sides and dividing and deforming the ends to conform to a single cylindrical form.
  • the steps comprising winding a coil about a winding axis so that the section of the winding sides is substantially straight, deforming the sides to conform to a cylindrical section, and dividing and deforming the ends to conform substantially to the said cylindrical section of the sides.

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  • Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
  • Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
US277044A 1939-06-02 1939-06-02 Method of manufacturing coil structures Expired - Lifetime US2269678A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL73807D NL73807C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1939-06-02
US277044A US2269678A (en) 1939-06-02 1939-06-02 Method of manufacturing coil structures
GB5450/40A GB539122A (en) 1939-06-02 1940-03-26 Improvements in or relating to magnetic coils for deflecting cathode rays and similar purposes
GB8148/41A GB540554A (en) 1939-06-02 1940-03-26 Improved method of and means for manufacturing magnetic coils for deflecting cathode rays and similar purposes
US399315A US2333806A (en) 1939-06-02 1941-06-23 Coil structure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US277044A US2269678A (en) 1939-06-02 1939-06-02 Method of manufacturing coil structures

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US2269678A true US2269678A (en) 1942-01-13

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US277044A Expired - Lifetime US2269678A (en) 1939-06-02 1939-06-02 Method of manufacturing coil structures

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US (1) US2269678A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB539122A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL73807C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424974A (en) * 1943-04-24 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Method of and means for forming coils
US2442274A (en) * 1944-06-16 1948-05-25 English Electric Co Ltd Transformer
US2457773A (en) * 1944-05-24 1948-12-28 Farnsworth Res Corp Deflecting coil
US2487029A (en) * 1945-03-07 1949-11-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Geophone
US2638943A (en) * 1949-03-11 1953-05-19 Kendick Mfg Company Inc Coil winding device
US2696659A (en) * 1950-10-13 1954-12-14 Wagner Electric Corp Method of forming transformer coils
US2743508A (en) * 1951-06-20 1956-05-01 Globe Ind Inc Coil forming method
US2831135A (en) * 1953-07-10 1958-04-15 Visseaux S A J Electromagnetic deflection means
US2831136A (en) * 1953-09-24 1958-04-15 Visseaux S A J Electromagnetic deflecting means
US2885646A (en) * 1953-04-22 1959-05-05 Kendick Mfg Company Inc Electrical transformers
US3080641A (en) * 1955-10-14 1963-03-12 Hazeltine Research Inc Method of manufacturing magnetic deflection yokes
US3200357A (en) * 1962-08-23 1965-08-10 Porter Co Inc H K Transformer coil construction
US3212172A (en) * 1961-12-18 1965-10-19 Gen Electric Method of forming coils
US3281745A (en) * 1963-09-10 1966-10-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Corona and magnetic shielding structure for electrical transformers

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424974A (en) * 1943-04-24 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Method of and means for forming coils
US2457773A (en) * 1944-05-24 1948-12-28 Farnsworth Res Corp Deflecting coil
US2442274A (en) * 1944-06-16 1948-05-25 English Electric Co Ltd Transformer
US2487029A (en) * 1945-03-07 1949-11-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Geophone
US2638943A (en) * 1949-03-11 1953-05-19 Kendick Mfg Company Inc Coil winding device
US2696659A (en) * 1950-10-13 1954-12-14 Wagner Electric Corp Method of forming transformer coils
US2743508A (en) * 1951-06-20 1956-05-01 Globe Ind Inc Coil forming method
US2885646A (en) * 1953-04-22 1959-05-05 Kendick Mfg Company Inc Electrical transformers
US2831135A (en) * 1953-07-10 1958-04-15 Visseaux S A J Electromagnetic deflection means
US2831136A (en) * 1953-09-24 1958-04-15 Visseaux S A J Electromagnetic deflecting means
US3080641A (en) * 1955-10-14 1963-03-12 Hazeltine Research Inc Method of manufacturing magnetic deflection yokes
US3212172A (en) * 1961-12-18 1965-10-19 Gen Electric Method of forming coils
US3200357A (en) * 1962-08-23 1965-08-10 Porter Co Inc H K Transformer coil construction
US3281745A (en) * 1963-09-10 1966-10-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Corona and magnetic shielding structure for electrical transformers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL73807C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB539122A (en) 1941-08-28
GB540554A (en) 1941-10-21

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