Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/23—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q9/00—Preparations for removing hair or for aiding hair removal
  • A61Q9/04—Depilatories
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
  • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
  • C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
  • C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
  • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
  • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
  • Y10S435/832—Bacillus
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
  • Y10S435/832—Bacillus
  • Y10S435/839—Bacillus subtilis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
  • Y10S435/913—Aspergillus
  • Y10S435/917—Aspergillus niger
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
  • Y10S435/913—Aspergillus
  • Y10S435/918—Aspergillus oryzae
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
  • Y10S435/931—Mucor
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
  • Y10S435/933—Penicillium

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the art of depilating or unhairing hides or skins.
• the most frequent treating agent utilized in the dehairing of skins and hides is lime, with orwithout the addition of other alkaline materials, such as caustic soda.
• alkaline treatments are preferably carried out in such a manner that the hair of the skin or hide will be readily removed without injury to the pelt, and the pelt so treated is then subjected to bating, puering and tanning processes to produce the final leather.
• the skins or hides may also be subjected to a sweating process, in
• sulphur-oxygen combinations are characterized by being stable in dry condition and having a substantially greater reducing power in solution than that of the sulphates, sulphites, sulphides or thio-sulphates. While various such compounds may be used, I prefer using com- 5 pounds of the class of the hydrosulphites and sulphoxylates and corresponding organic compounds of sulphur and oxygen. I have found, for example, that sodium hydrosulphite (nazszoi), sodium sulphoxylate,sodium formaldehyde sulph- 1o oxylate or zinc calcium hydrosulphite are suitv able and satisfactory.
• the compounds referred to may be added to liquid baths or to paste compositions that can be applied to the hides and skins.
• the relative 15 proportions of the materials used may vary within a considerable range.
• the reducing sulphur-oxygen compounds may be added in amounts ranging from 0.1 to or in some cases from 1 to 10% of the amount of alkali 20 added, including lime, caustic soda, sodium carbonate, and so forth or in amounts ranging from 0.05 to 50% or in some cases from 0.1 to 3%, based upon the weight of the cow hides, oat
• the amount of the hydrosulphite or sulphoxylate or other compound may be decreased, but, as a general rule, it is preferable to use between 0.5 and 50 or in some cases between 2 to 10 parts of sodium hydrosulphite or sodium sulphoxylate or similar compound for every thousand parts of the skins or hides or for every hundred par of lime, which may be employed.
• sharpening agents such as sulphides of sodium or arsenic or amines
• the action of these sharpening agents is greatly enhanced by the action of the hydrosulphite or sulphoxylate.
• the reducing sulphur-oxygen combination of the present invention be added to the alkaline treating bath, but in addition, it may be employed in subsequent or in prior treatments accompanying the alkaline treatment as above described, in which case, the hydrosulphite or sulphoxylate or similar compound may be also included in the alkaline bath in decreased quantities or omitted altogether.
• pastes of the alkaline material whether it be lime,- soda ash, ammonia or caustic soda and to addto such pastes suitable quantities of the hydrosulphite or sulphoxylate or similar compound; for example in amounts varying from 1 to 50% or more desirably from 1 to 20%. These pastes are then applied or painted upon the flesh sides of the hides or skins and the hair loosening occurs in a much shorter interval without injuring the hair or the hides.
• sulphinic or disulphinic acid derivatives whether of inorganic or organic originaromatic or
• the sulphur should at all times be combined with the oxygen to form a reducing compound or salt having a greater reducing power in aqueous solution than is the case with sulphites, bisulphites, sulphides, hydrosulphides, sulphates, thiosulphates and other similar compounds.
• Example 1.1200 pounds of salted cow hides are soaked and then put in a paddle containing a solution of 30 pounds of caustic soda and pounds of soda ash with sufiicient water so-that the proportion of skins to water by weight is about 1 to 4. Then 5 pounds of sodium hydrosulphite are added and the paddle is operated for a few minutes to obtain a uniform mixture.
• the hair After two or three days, the hair is perfectly loosened and may be removed by unhairing machines in exceptionally good condition.
• the skins may then be bated and tanned and the resultant leather is of very good quality.
• soda ash is only to prevent exorbitant swelling of skins with the caustic, but it maybe omitted or replaced by other alkali metal salts, such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate.
• Example 2 1000 pounds of dry goat skins are soaked for two days andthen put into a paddle. To the paddle is added pounds of lime and the temperature is then raised to about 80 F. Then there is added 5 pounds of sodium hydrosulphite, together with 20 pounds of caustic soda. After about two days a perfect hair loosening occurs and the hair and flesh are readily removed by mechanical dehairers or fleshing machines from the skins.
• the skins and hair after depilation are in excellent condition and the final leather, after puering and tanning, is of high quality.
• Example 3 5000 pounds of salted cow hides are soaked for one day and then to the soaked hides is added about three times their weight of water together with 25 pounds of zinc calcium hydrosulphite. After several hours, there is added 400 pounds of fresh slaked lime and the hides are kept in this solution for about two days. After two days, the hair is sufliciently loosened as to render mechanical depilation relatively easy and the hair and unhaired pelts are in good condition.
• Example 4.10 dozen sheep skins are soaked and-then painted upon the flesh side with a paste containing lime and 5% sodium hydrosulphite.
• the painted skins are kept in moist condition for twenty-four hours.
• the wool then is readily removed by pulling.
• the wool and the pelt are both in excellent condition. The saving in time is substantial.
• Example 5 1000 pounds of goat skins by dry weight are soaked for two days and then put into a solution of 6000 pounds of water containing 35 pounds of caustic soda. To this solution is then added two pounds of sodium form-' 'zymatic dehairing preparation of bacterial origin. After twelve hours; the skins are capable of being dehaired most readily and both the hair and the pelt are in excellent condition.
• Example 6.500 pounds of salted calf skins are washed in a paddle for ten minutes and then soaked in water containing 2% pounds of sodium hydrosulphite and 3 pounds of ammonia. When the hair commences to slip after twenty-four hours, 50 pounds of lime are added and after another twenty-four hours, theskins are taken out and mechanically unhaired.
• Example 7 1000 pounds of dry goat skins are soaked for two days and then put in a paddle so that the proportion of goat skins to water is about 1 to 8 by weight.
• sh-arpeners' might be employed, such as red arsenic and amines.
• amines there may be used mono-, dior triethanolamine, ethylor methyl-amines, diaminopropanol, various hydroxy-, carboxyor other substituted amines.
• antiseptic agents may be readily included without hindering the action of the reducing sulphur-oxygen combination, such antiseptic agents being, for example, phenols, cresols, naphthols, various halogenated or chlorinated benzene, toluene, xylene or naphthalene derivatives, pine oil or other terpene derivatives, and so forth.
• enzymes such as pancreatin, trypsin, papain, kathepsin, bromelin or enzymes derived by the growth and cultivation of bacteria, fungi and molds, such as B. subtilis, B. mesentericus, mycoides and Ziquefaciens, Aspergillus oryzae or niger, Penicillz'um glaucum, Mucor delemar or mucedo, Amylomyces rouxii, Tryotria: tenuis and so forth.
• enzymes such as pancreatin, trypsin, papain, kathepsin, bromelin or enzymes derived by the growth and cultivation of bacteria, fungi and molds, such as B. subtilis, B. mesentericus, mycoides and Ziquefaciens, Aspergillus oryzae or niger, Penicillz'um glaucum, Mucor delemar or mucedo, Amylomyces rouxii, Try
• a process of loosening the hair of skins and .hides which comprises subjecting said skins or hides to treatment with an alkaline material and to the action of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrosulphites, sulphoxylates and their organic derivatives.
• a process of loosening the hair of skins and hides which comprises treating the skins or hides with an alkaline bath containing a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrosulphites, sulphoxylates and their organic deriva- 4 tives.
• a process of aiding the loosening of hair of skins and hides in alkaline soaking operations which comprises adding a sulphoxylate to the bath.
• a process of accelerating the loosening of hair of skins and hides in alkaline soaking operations which comprises adding a formaldehyde sulphoxylat'e to the bath.
• a process of loosening the hair of skins and hides which comprises immersing the skins or hides in a bath containing an alkaline material and a hydrosulphite, about 0.1 to 70 parts of the hydrosulphite being utilized for every 100 parts of said alkaline material.
• a process of looseningthe hair of skins and hides which comprises immersing skins or hides in a bath containing lime and a hydrosulphite, between 0.05 to 50 parts of the hydrosulphite being included for about every 100 parts by weight of the skins or hides.
• a process of loosening the hair of skins and hides which comprises applying to the flesh sides of the skins or hides a paste of lime containing about 1 to 50% of sodium hydrosulphite.
• a process of dehairing skins and hides which comprises soaking the skins or hides in water, then causing loosening of the hair by immersing the skins or hides in an aqueous bath containing lime and caustic soda and a hydrosulphite, and then removing the skins or hides and mechanically removing the hair.
• a hair-loosening composition comprising lime and a hydrosulphite.
• a hair-loosening composition comprising caustic alkali and a sulphoxylate.
• a hair-loosening composition comprising an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of caustic soda and lime, a sharpening material selected from the group consisting of sodium sulphide, red arsenic and an amine, and an accelerator selected from the group consisting of hydrosulphites, sulphoxylates and their organic derivatives.
• a hair-loosening composition comprising soda ash and a hydrosulphite.
• a process of loosening the hair of skins and hides which comprises subjecting said skins or hides to the acttion of an enzyme, an alkaline material and a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrosulphites, sulphoxylates and their organic derivatives.
• the improvement which comprises adding to the lime a hydrosulphite of the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth hydrosulphites.
• the improvement which comprises adding to the lime sodium hydrocompound selected from the group consisting of hydrosulphites, sulphoxylates and their organic derivatives.
• a hair-loosening composition comprising an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of caustic soda and lime and an accelerator selected from the group consisting of hydrosulphites, sulphoxylates and their organic derivatives.
• a process of-loosening the hair of skins and hides which comprises treating the skins or hides with an alkaline bath containing a sharpening 7 material selected from the group consisting of sodium sulphide, red arsenic and an amine, and f-

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22204525

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (1)

• 1936
  • 1936-06-26 US US87328A patent/US2225601A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1937
  • 1937-05-28 GB GB14832/37A patent/GB487097A/en not_active Expired
  • 1937-06-01 NL NL82730A patent/NL48572C/nl active
  • 1937-06-02 DK DK56633D patent/DK56633C/da active
  • 1937-06-03 DE DEW101251A patent/DE746589C/de not_active Expired
  • 1937-06-22 FR FR823381D patent/FR823381A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1937-06-23 BE BE422255A patent/BE422255A/fr unknown

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