US2220919A - Coke oven battery - Google Patents

Description

Nov.- 12, 1940. w. sTAEcKEL coKE OVEN .BATTERY Filed Aug. 7, 1937 INVETOR .i

BY d v ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 12, 1940 UNITED STATES COKE OVEN BATTERY Walter Staeckel, Bochum, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Fuel Rening Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Application August 7, 1937, Serial No. 157,873 Y `In Germany September 5, 1936 i 2 Claims.

It has been observed that in externally heated coke ovens in which the fuel charge is introduced through a plurality of apertures in the oven cover 1 which are distributed over the length of the 5 chamber, although uniform heating of the two longitudinal walls of the chamber is arranged the part of the charge located between the charging apertures, particularly towards the top of the charge was carbonised more slowly than the rest of the charge. It appears that this phenomenon may be explained as follows: the coal which passes through the charging yapertures forms a conical heap down the sloping sides of which the coal slides; in consequenceof this `a grading of the coal into different sizes takes place with the finer grades located, more or less directly under the charging apertures and the coarser grades disposed towards the sides of the apertures.

The subject 0f the invention is a coke oven bato tery having intermediate heating chambers, which are divided into vertical fiues, the heating flues being arranged to be supplied with fuel in groups, in such a manner that the groups of heating ues which are arranged at the side of a part of an oven chamber which is located below a charging aperture, can be provided with fuel in such manner that the rate of heating therein is diierent from the rate of heating in the group or groups of heating ues arranged at the side of the remaining parts of the Oven chamber. In

this manner it is possible for the parts not located under the charging apertures to be heated more intensively than the remaining parts and thus for allowance to be made for the fact that the coarser grades of coal are inferior in thermal conductivity as compared with the finer grades of coal.

In an embodiment of the invention the heating walls are divided into twin nues, the arrangement being such that each part of the chamber located below a charging aperture corresponds to a pair Oi twin ues, and each of the remaining parts of the chamber corresponds to one or more other pairs of twin fiues. In this arrangement the axis of each charging aperture may be located in the plane of the prolongation of the flue division wall which separates the two ues of a pair of twin fines.

With the type of oven having Vertical heating flues, in which in some or all of the flues there are provided burners for supplying rich gas which project -above the heating flue sole; those burners in the heating flues which are arranged at the side of the part of the chamber which is located lower than those inthe heating ilues which are at the side of the remaining parts of the Oven chamber; thus in the last named ilues the rich gas flame can be placed higher and therefore the formation of badly coked portions inthe upper 5 part of the charge between the charging apertures is avoided.

In twin heating flues having a higher burner in one heating flue of each pair and a lower burner intheother, the burners of both kinds which l0 are disposed at the side of parts `of the Oven chambers which arenotfbelow the charging apertures are higher than the corresponding burners in the pairs oftwin ilues located at the side of the parts of the oven chambers which are below 15 the charging apertures.

yFor lean gas heating it is advisable to enlarge the passages `between the air andlean gas regenerators and `those heating flues which must be more strongly heated. Arrangements are known 20 for mixingI air and lean gas intimately at the bot,- tom of the heating fluesg Such. apparatus for mixing lean gas and air consist preferably of outlet channels for lean gas and air disposed angularly in respect of one another in the heating ue, the air and gas being caused to mix `with each other in swirling currents, or consist of deflecting surfaces placed in the path of the issuing gas and air. These apparatus, in the ues located at the side of the`chamber parts below the charging 30 holes may, to carry out the invention, have a weaker mixing action Or be entirely omitted in order thus to lengthen the lean gas llame and extend it upwards. For example, the outlet chanlnels for lean gas and air may converge at a more 35 acute angle or the deiiecting surfaces may be arranged less inclined.

In the accompanying drawing which illustrates by way of example a chamber oven embodying the invention: 40

Fig. 1 is a vertical section in the longitudinal direction through a heating wall and, in the lefthand upper corner of the ligure through an oven chamber.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section` in the longitudinal 45 direction of the battery along the line lI-II of Fig. 1, and

Fig. 3 is a similar section along the line 111-111 of Fig. 1.

The oven chambers a separated by intermedi- 50 ate heating walls, are charged with fuel through charging apertures b. Below the chambers there are arranged regenerators combined in groups of three, of which in one Operative period the middle one c serves for pre-heating lean gas, and the duct waste gases.

two outer ones d for pre-heating air, while in the other operative period all three regenerators con- The supply of rich gas is effected by distributing pipes e and f arranged in the cellar like space shown, and vertical channels y.

The arrangement of the lcharging apertures and sub-division of the heating wall into twin lues is carried out in such manner that at the side of each part of the oven chamber which is located below a charging aperture there is a pair of twin flues h, while at the side of the remaining parts of the chamber there are arranged pairs of twin iiues i. As shown, the two ues h collectively forming a hairpin flue alongside each oven chamber portion immediately beneath a charging opening b, are at opposite sides of the vertical plane transverse to the length of Athe coking chamber and passing centrally through said opening. As each individual heating flue is con nected in a regulable manner with one of the two rich gas pipes e and f, a greater quantity of rich gas can be supplied forthwith to the heating ues located at the side of those parts of the chamber which yare no-t below the charging apertures. The burner heads lc which are arranged .in pairs of high and low burners, and to which the rich gas iiame higher in those flues. the average rich gas burner level is higher in the the channels g open, are higher in the ues z' than in the flues h so that it is possible to arrange Thus,

iiues i than in the lues h, and the ratio of fuel burnt in the upper portion of the flues to fuel burned in the lower portion of the flue, is made lower in the case of the lues h than in the case of the flues i.

The ratio of top heating eiect to bottom heating elect of the flues i, may be made greater than that of the ues h, in operation with lean fuel gas, iby the arrangement of the air and gas mixing means associated with the lower portions of the flues, so as to obtain more effective mixing action in the lower portions of the ues h than in the lower portions of the flues i. The passages m v and n to the generators c and d have, in the case of the heating ues i :a greater cross section than in the case of the heating iiues h. These differences in the heating of the ues located at the side of the oven chamber parts which are below the charging apertures and the remaining fiues, render it possible for the entire contents of the chamber to be caused to carbonise more uniformly than has been the case heretofore.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A coke oven battery having a horizontally elongated oven chamber and spaced apart charging openings in the top Wall of said chamber, a heating wall alongside said chamber and formed with vertical heating flues arranged in groups respectively adjacent the portions of the oven chamber immediately beneath the charging openings and in other groups respectively adjacent the portions of the oven chamber at the sides of the rst mentioned portions, and combustible agent supply means associated with the different groups of flues and comprising burners opening to said iiues at a level which averages lower in i'lues of the rst mentioned groups than in nues of said other groups.

2. A coke oven battery having a horizontally elongated oven chamber and spaced apart charging openings in the top of sai-d chamber, a heating wall alongside said chamber and formed with

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