US2564141A - Vertically flued coke oven battery having high and low burner nozzles in the flues - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 14, 1.951 F VERTICALLY FLUED COKE OVEN AND Low BURNER NOZZLE Filed Aug. 4, 1948 2 564 141 BATTERY HAVING HIGH S IN THE FLUES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Q O INVENTOR Ike/2,15 W95/z@ Aug. 14, 1951 y F, WETHLY 2,564,141

VERTICALLY FLUED COKE OVEN BATTERY AHAVING HIGH AND Low BURNER NOZZLES IN THE FLUES Filed Aug. r4, y1948 2 SheetS-Shee. 2

Patented ug. 14, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE VERTICALLY FLUED COKE OVEN BATTERY HAVING HIGH AND LOW BURNER NOZ- ZLES IN THEl FLUES Frans Wethly, Manhasset, N. Y., assignor to Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, New York, N. Y., a. corporation of New York Application August 4, 1948, Serial No. 42,426

l This invention relates to the design and construction of the heating Walls of a vertically flued coke oven battery and more particularly to the structure of the heating walls of underjet vering wall a low-burner nozzle alternates with a high-burner nozzle, the low-burner nozzles being located at the base of the ues or'having a height from the base of -the flues not exceeding .5" per tically ued coke oven batteries. 5 foot of vertical flue length, the high-burner To obtain more uniform heating of the coknozzles in all flues except the group of flues at ing chamber walls and thus produce a more unithe coke side of the battery having a height from form rate of coking with consequent improvethe base of the flue of from 2" to 2.75 per foot ment in the quality of the coke, it has been sugof flue length and the height of the high-burner gested t0 provide the vertical flues in each vheat- 10 nozzles of the group of ues on the coke side of ing wall with low-burner nozzles alternating with the battery gradually decreasing in a direction high-burner nozzles. Heretofore the high-burner towards the coke side of the battery at a rate of nozzles have invariably been of the same height from to 50% per unit decrease, uniform and this irrespective of the height of the cokheating takes place with elimination of excesing Chambers. In sOme cases this has resulted in l5 sively hot oven tops avoiding cracking cf valuable overheating of the gas collecting space at the by-products. This arrangement of the burner top 0f each coking Chamber With consequent nozzles, it has been found, properly takes into accracking of by-products in the coke oven gas count the various factors affecting heating of the passing through this space into the collector main charge, such as oven taper and the fact that and loss of valuable oils. It has also been suggreater heat radiation losses take placeatthesides Agested to employ burner nozzles having removof the battery than at the remaining portions of able tipS Which Call be replaced by a 1102218 tip 0f the heating walls flanking the coking chambers diereht height thlOugh the 100f 0f the battery so that more fuel gas must be fed to the flues on and thus control the effective height of the nozzle the coke side of the battery. It also takes into in each flue. As a practical matter, however, 25 account variations in the heights of the coking Once an oven battery iS placed inoperation it is chambers of different batteries since the height of a diilicult, arduous and time-consuming task to the burner nozzles in the heating wall structure effect, during operation, removal and replaceof this invention is determined by the length of ment of one or more burner tips to position the the vertical flues which in turn is determined by burner nozzles in the flues at the desired height 3o the height of the coking chambers. Hence, this fOr Optimum heating. In this Country, at least, invention results in a material improvement in all oven batteries built involving high and low the heating of the coking chamber charges both burner nozzles in the flues have nozzle tips perfrom the standpoint of eecting uniform coking manently bonded to the burner nozzle brickwork and avoiding overheating of the gas collecting because removable and replaceable tip-type space at the top of each coking chamber. burner nozzles have been found unsatisfactory In the preferred embodiment illustrated on the for many reasons, including (l) they are more drawings, the invention is shown incorporated costly, (2) are more likely to break and crack, in an underjet coke oven battery and the descripand (3) it is seldom, if ever, that a coke oven option which follows Will be confined chiefly to the erator will undertake to replace one or more 40 present illustrated embodiment of the invention. burner tips in a heating wall of a coke oven bat- It will be understood, however, that the novel tery with burner tips of different heights in view features and improvements are not limited to this of the difculty in so doing once the oven battery embodiment of the invention. The invention is placedin operation. includes, for example, coke oven batteries of the Among the objects of this invention is to protwin-flue and cross-over type in which the heatvide a vertical flue heating wall structure in ing flues of one heating wall are connected with which the burner nozzles are arranged at a level the heating flues of another heating wall. Hence, to provide for more uniform heating of the the scope of this invention is not confined to the charge and to avoid overheating the gas collectembodiment herein described. p ing space at the top of the coking chamber. In the accompanying drawings forming a part Other objects and advantages of this invention of this specification and showing, for purposes will be apparent from the following detailed deof exemplification, a preferred embodiment of the scription thereof: invention but without limiting the claimed inven- I have found that by arranging the burner tion to this embodiment, y nozzles so that in the vertical flues of each heat- Figure 1 is a vertical section through a, heating 3 wall of a coke oven battery embodying the present invention; and

Figure 2 is a composite fragmentary vertical section taken lengthwise of the battery, the left hand portion being taken in a plane passing through a charging opening and the right hand portion taken in a plane passing through the roof of the coking chamber in a locality between the charging openings.

Referring to ,the'drawinga the coke oven battery comprises a deck or oven base I which extends the full length and width of the battery and supports the battery brickwork. The deck I0 is ordinarily formed of reinforced concrete and may be a single slab, although'preferably it is divided into a plurality of :longitudinal sections separated by expansion jointsyas is well known. This deck I0 is supported by a multiplicity of columns II which may be of reinforced concrete. These columns are disposed longitudinally of the battery and also crosswise of the battery. Concrete walls I2 and I3 are disposed at the sides of the battery producing with the deck an enclosed basement space I4. Conventional pinion walls I5 (Figure 2) are provided at the ends of the battery for additionally supporting deck member I0 and for retaining in place the vbrickwork hereinafter described supported on the deck member I0.

` Supported on deck I0 is a plurality of coking chambers I6 and a plurality of crosswise-extending intermediate heating walls I1. Each coking chamber in horizontal cross-section is of tapered shape as is conventional, the wide end of the coking chamber being on the coke side of the battery, i. e., the side at which the coke is discharged from the coking chambers, and the narrow end on the pusher side. Coal to be coked is charged into the coking chambers through conventional charging openings I8 leading from the top of the battery to the coking chambers, which openings are equipped with the usual removable covers.

In the embodiment of the invention shown on the drawings each heating Awall involves a row of vertical flues consisting of two exterior and two interior groups of ues, the exterior groups operating concurrently for inflow while the interior groups operate concurrently for outflow. Upon reversal, the interior groups of flues operate concurrently for inflow while the exterior groups operate concurrently for outflow. Thus a concurrently operable group of flues I9-26, inclusive, on the pusherside of the battery is connected by horizontal flue 21 with the tops of an interior group of flues 28-35, inclusive. On the coke side of the battery an exterior group of flues 36-4I, inclusive, is connected by horizontal flue 42 with an interior group of flues 43-49, inclusive.

The ilow through each flue may be regulated by a slide brick or damper brick 50 to vary the extent of the passage connecting the vertical ues with the horizontal flues through access flues 5I which extend from the horizontal flues to the top of the battery. The tops of the vertical ues are disposed at a level below the top of the normal level of the charge introduced into the coking chamber, which latter level is indicated by the reference character 52 in Figure 2 and defines the base of the gas collecting space 53 at the top of eachgcoking chamber. The tops communicating only with of the vertical ues desirably are spaced from 15" t to 30 below the normal charge level 52. By the tops of the vertical flues is meant the point 54 where the vertical flues join the horizontal ilues 21, 42. Thus the length of each vertical ue Acoke oven gas or other .tributing mains 6I disposed in is the distance from the base of the Ailue to point 54 where the flue joins the horizontal nue.

The base of each vertical ilue, it will be noted, is at the same level as the base of the coking chambers I6. Further, the bases of all vertical flues in each heating wall are at the same level. Alternate vertical ilues of each heating wall each have at the base thereof a low-burner nozzle 55. This burner nozzle may have its tip flush with the base of the vertical flue, may even be somewhat below the level of the base of the vertical flue, or may extend to a height not exceeding .5" per foot of vertical ue length. Preferably each low-burner nozzle 55 is of a height of from .35" to .5" .per foot of flue length.

The remaining flues in the group of iiues I9-26. inclusive, namely flues 20, 22, 24 and 26, are each provided with a high-burner nozzle 56 of a height of from 2" to 2.75" per foot of vertical flue length. Flues 23, 3I, 33, 35, 48, 46 and 44 are each provided with a high-burner nozzle of the same height as nozzle 56. In the group of flues 36-4I, inclusive, on the coke side of the battery the high-burner nozzles are of gradually decreasing height in a direction toward the coke side of the battery. Thus the high-burner nozzle 51 in flue 4I is of the same height as the high-burner nozzle 56. The high-burner nozzle 56 in flue 39 is of a height within the range of from 1.6" to 2.2" per foot of flue length and the high-burner nozzle 59 in flue 31 is of a height within the range vof from 1.2" to 1.8" per foot of flue length; the height of the high-burner nozzles in the flues 4I, 39 and 31 decreases from one high-burner nozzle to the next by at least 15%, preferably by an amount within the range of from 15% to 50%. Thus, for example, for a vertical ilue oven having coking chambers l2 high and vertical ues 8' 10%" high, nozzles 56 and 51 may be 22 high, nozzle 58, 18" high and nozzle 59, 12 high. By the height of bur-ner nozzle is meant the distance the burner nozzle extends above the base of the nue. Each burner nozzle is built up of brickwork permanently bonded to the heating wall brickwork.

Each burner nozzle receives fuel gas, such as rich fuel gas, through an individual uprising channel 66 extending through deck I0 and connected at its lower end with one of a pair of crosswise extending gas disthe basement One Such pair space I4 near the top thereof.

of mains is provided for each heating wall. These,

crosswise extending mains 6I are provided with individual uprising channels 62; one of each pair of mains 6I is provided with suchchannels the exterior groups of flues in the heating wall thereabove and the other main of the pair with such channels communicating only with the interior groups of flues in the heating wall thereabove. Each uprising channel 62 at the point where it is connected with main 6I is provided with a flow regulator (not shown) controlling the flow of gas supplied to the flue. This ilow regulator preferably is of the type described and claimed in Patent 2,199,961 of May 7, 1940. These regulating devices require attention and occasional adjustment by an attendant working in basement space I4.

Each main 6I communicates with a rich gas supply main 63 connected therewith by means of piping 64. Main 63 is suitably insulated against loss of heat. Piping 64 is provided with a three-way valve 65 and a shut-o1! valve 66 which is normally open. Leading into the three-way valve i! iS a pipe @l Awhich communicates with a decarbonizing air main 68 suitably supported in the basement space I4. Operation of the three-way valve'65 by the usual automatic reversal mechanism functions to place the main 68 into communication with the main 63 serving to supply coke oven gas to the inflow ilues and to place the decarbonizing air main 64 into communication with the vmains 6I to which coke oven gas is not .being supplied. Upon reversal of operation the three-way valve is operated to place decarbonizing air main in communication with the cross mains 6I to which previously fuel gas had been supplied in accordance with customary procedure of supplying fuel gas and decarbonizing air to the gas distribution systems of coke oven batteries. i

'Ihe regenerator structure of the battery' involves supporting pillar walls 69 disposed directly below the heating walls I1 and rows` of crosswise extending regenerators 1d separated by the pillar Walls, each row of regenerators comprising two exterior regenerators and an interior regenerator. The exterior regenerators of each row of regenerators are connected by ports 1I withv the ex# terior groups of fiues on opposite sides of the coking chamber I6 thereabove. The interior regenerators of each row are likewise connected by ports 1I with the interior groups of flues on opposite sides of the coking chamber directly-above it.

When the .battery is operated as a combination oven, alternate exterior regenerators of each exterior row of regenerators lengthwise of the battery during one'period of operation operate for inflow of preheated air, and the remaining exterior regenerators of each exterior row lengthwise of the battery operate for inflow of lean fuel gas such as blast furnace or producer gas into the communicably connected outer groups of f-lues I9 to 26 and 36 to 4I, both inclusive, located on opposite sides of the coking chamber thereabove, while the products of combustion pass downwardly through the inner groups of fiues 28 to 35 and 43 to 49 on opposite sides of each coking chamber into the inner regenerators. Upon reversal the inner regenerator of each crosswise extending rowof regenerators and the ues communicating therewith operate for inflow while products of combustion pass downwardly through the outer groups of nues into the outer regenerators; alternate regenerators of the inner regenerator row lengthwise of the battery operate for inflow of air and the remaining regenerators of this row operate for inflow oflean gas. Thus, all of the regenerators in alignment longitudinally of the battery operate simultaneously for flow in the same direction. When operating with rich gas supplied through channels 60 to the burner nozzles in the fiues, all of the inflow regenerators operate for inflow of air to support combustion of the gas fed to the flues.

Located at thepusher side of the battery is an air channel or passageway 12 running the full length of the battery to which air may be supplied through one or both ends thereof. If desired, a fan or blower (not shown) may be disposed at one end of the air channel 12 with its outlet arranged to blow the air at any desired pressure, say at about mm. of water above atmospheric, into the channel 12. The air admitted to the channel may be passed through a filter cloth or other screen so that clean air of predetermined humidity is admitted to the channel and flows through openings 13 into the basement space I4 and from this space into the regenerators.

Operating in this manner air of` constant oxygen content is admitted to the regenerators throughout the year minimizing the necessity of changing adjustments of the regulating devices with seasonal changes in atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, comfortable conditions for the attendant are maintained in the basement space I4 at all times.

A chimney flue 14 is located on the coke side of the battery and runs the full length thereof. Locatedat the same side of the battery as the chimney flue are reversingl valves 15 which may take various forms and which collectively provide for the discharge of lthe products of combustion from the regenerators through the sole channels 16, 11 (Figure 2), into chimney flue 14 and for the supply of air and lean fuel gas to the regenerators. Air is supplied to the air inflow regenerators through passageways 18 communicably connecting 'the basement space I4 with the sole channels 16, 11. Lean gas is supplied to the gas inflow regenerators from a lean gas main (not shown) communicating with these regenerators through passageways 18. In the structure shown on Figure 1 valves 18' control the flow of air from the basement space I4 through the passageways 18 into sole channels 16 or 11 of the air inflow regenerators; like valves control the flow of lean gas into the gas inflow regenerators. A valve 19 is provided for controlling the flow of products of combustion from each sole channel 16, 11 of each outflow regenerator into the chimney flue 14. A butterfly valve is positioned in a passageway 8| connecting each sole channel 16, 11 with the chimney flue 14, which butterfly valve may be suitably positioned by the operator to obtain the desired stack draft, causing flow of the products of combustion into the chimney flue 14.

It will be understood valves similar to 18' and 19 are provided for the sole channels communicating with each of the regenerators of each row of regenerators, which valves control the flow of air into the air inflow regenerators from the base- 'ment space I4, the flow of lean gas into the gas inflow regenerators and the flow of products of combustion from the outflow regenerators into the chimney flue 14. Thus, when the valves 18 controlling the iiow of air and lean gas into the interior regenerators along the length of the battery are closed, the corresponding valves controlling the ow of air and lean gas into the exterior regenerators are open. Likewise, when the valves 19 controlling the flow of products of combustion from the interior regenerators along the length of the battery into the chimney flue 14 are open, the corresponding valves 19 in the passageways connecting the sole'channels of the exterior regenerators with the chimney flue 14 are closed. Each passageway connecting the basement space with the sole channel may be provided with a port 82 which may be throttled by removable and replaceable finger bars.

It will be understood the above described regenerator, chimney flue and air duct structure represent one desirable arrangement and that other arrangements of regenerators, air and gas supply means therefor and chimney 'iiues may be used.

By positioning the low-burners, as hereinabove described, in alternate flues of each heating wall, efficient heating of the charge at the base of the coking chamber is accomplished. The position of the'high-burners hereinabove disclosed, it has been found, results in uniform heating of the charge and this Without causing spillage of unburned gas into the horizontal connecting ilues which would resultl in combustion taking place in these nues with consequent overheating of the gas-collecting space. By having the highburner nozzles in the group of ilues on the coke side of the battery of decreasing height, the necessary increased amount of gas required to heat the larger charge in the wider end of the l coking chamber disposed at the coke side of the battery can be supplied and this without causing spillage of unburned gas into the horizontal connecting flue, as has been the case in prior coke oven constructions involving highand lowburner nozzles.

The drawings illustrate the invention applied to a battery equipped with heating walls arranged in two exterior and two interior groups. It will be evident that the invention includes batteries involving other vertical ilue arrangements, such for example as the twin vertical flue arrangement disclosed in my Patent No. 2,407,356 granted September 10, 1946, and batteries in lwhich the vertical nues of one heating wall are interconnected with those of another heating wall. This invention is applicable to combination vertical flue oven batteries adapted to be heated by a rich gas such as coke oven gas and/or an extraneously derived gas such as blast furnace gas, as well as batteries designed to be heated by rich gas exclusively. Further, as above indicated, the-invention may be incorporated in batteries having different regenerators and waste heat ilue arrangements than that disclosed.

Since certain changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. it is intended that the above description shall be' interpreted as illustrative and not in a limitin sense.

What is claimed is:

1. In a coke oven battery having heating walls and coking chambers arranged in side by side alternate relationship, vertical heating nues in each heating wall and alternate highand lowburner nozzles in the bases of the vertical heating flues of'each heating wall, the high-burner nozzles, except those in the vertical nues on the coke side of the battery, being of substantially the same height and having a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating ilue length and the high burner nozzles in the said flueson the coke side of the battery decreasing in height in a direction towards the coke side of the battery, the decrease in height of one highburner nozzle to the next being at least 15% and the height of the highest high-burner nozzle in said group of ilues at the coke sideof the battery being within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating ilue length, the low-burner nozzles being of substantially the same height and having a height not exceeding .5" per foot oi heating due length. Y

3. In a coke oven battery having heating walls and coking chambers arranged in side by side alternate relationship, vertical heating ilues in each heating wall and alternate highand lowburner nozzles in the bases of the vertical heating ilues of each heating wall, the high-burner nozzles, except those in the group of vertical iiues on the coke side of the battery, being of substantiallythe same height and having a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating flue, length and the high-burner nozzles in the group of liues at the coke side of the battery decreasing in height in a. direction toward the coke side of the battery from a maximum height within the range of from 2. to 2.75 per foot voi? heating flue length to a minimum height within the range of from 1.2" to 1.8 per-foot of heating flue length, the decrease in height from one high-burner nozzle to the next being within the range of from 15 to 50%.

4. A coke oven battery having a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged in side by side relation, each heating wall comprising two exterior and two interior groups of vertical ues, horizontal channels connecting the tops of the exterior groups, respectively, with the topsoi the adjacent interior groups, the two exterior groups being simultaneously operable for flow in one direction and the two interior groups being simultaneously operable for iiow in the opposite direction, alternate lowand high-burner nozzles in the base of the heating nues of each heating wall, the high-burner nozzles in al1 of said groups of ilues, except the group of flues on the, coke side of the i battery, being oi substantially the same height the said ues on the coke side of the battery Y and coking chambers arranged in side by' side alternate relationship, vertical heating ues in each heating wall and alternate highand lowburner nozzles in the bases of the vertical heating flues of each heating wall, the high-burner nozzles, except those in the group of vertical ilues on the coke side of the battery,V being of substantially the same height and having a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating ilue length and the high-burner nozzles in the said group of ilues at the coke side of the battery decreasing in height in a direction toward the coke side of the battery, the decrease in height from one high-burner nozzle to the next being within the range of from 15% to 50%,

the height or the highest high-burner nozzle in and having a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating ilue length, the

high-burner nozzles in the group of ilues on the coke side of the battery decreasing in height in a direction toward the coke side of the battery from a maximum height Within the range of from 2. to 2.75 per foot of heating ilue length to a minimum height within` the range of from 1.2 to 1.8" per foot of heating iiue length.

5. A coke oven battery having a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged in side by side relationship, each heating wall comprising two exterior and two interior groups of vertical ues, horizontal channels connecting the tops of the exterior groups, respectively with the tops of the adjacent interior groups, the two exterior groups being simultaneously operable for ilow inonedirection and the two interior groups being simultaneously operable Ior iiow in the opposite direction, the

base of the heating es being all at the same level andon the same level as the base of the coking chamber, alternate lowand high-burner nozzles in the base or the heating ilues of each heating wall, the high-burner nozzles in all of said groups of flues, except the group of flues onv the coke side of they battery, being of substantially the same height and having a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating ilue length, the high-burner nozzles in the group of ilues on the coke side of the battery decreasing in height in a direction toward the coke side of the battery, the highest burner nozzle in said -9 10 group of iiues having a. height within the range Number Name Date of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of flue length, the 2,220,919 Staecke1 Nov. 12,'1940 next highest a. height Within the range of from 2,224,920 Otto Dec. 17, 1940 1.6" to 2.2" per foot of flue length and the lowest 2,255,406 Becker Sept. 9, 1941 a height of from 1.2" to 1.8" per foot of iie length, the decrease in heightl from one high- FOREIGN PATENTS burner nozzle to the next being within the range Number Country Date of from 15% to 50% and the lowTburner nozzles 480,746 Germany 'Aug.7, 1929V being of substantially the same height and hav- 294,992 Great Britain NOV- 4. 1929 ing a height within the range of from .35 to .5 10 492,735 Germany Feb. 28, 1930 per foot of ue length. l 531.395 Germany Aug. 8, 1931 FRANS WE'ITILY- OTHER REFERENCES REFERENCES CITED ClddOokI Recent Developments in By-prod- The following references are of record in the 15 /lggle ggyCsuMrzuIvMgesl-li file of this patent:

brary. UNITED STATES PATENTS "The Wilputte Coke Oven. Copyright 1944 i Number Name A Date by the Wilputte Coke Oven Corp. 30 pages.

1,748,142 otto Feb. 25, 1930 20

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