US3488259A - Vertical flue coke oven having burners of enlarged dimensions - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 6, 1970 w. GRUMM VERTICAL FLUE COKE OVEN HAVING BURNERS OF ENLARGED DIMENSIONS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 31, 1967 FGB FIG.4

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United States Patent O 3,488,259 VERTICAL FLUE COKE OVEN HAVING BURNERS OF ENLARGED DIMENSIGNS Walter Grumm, Niederelfringhausen 15 uber, Hattingen (Ruhr), Germany Filed July 31, 1967, Ser. No. 657,129 Claims priority, applictit1|2n Ge7rmany, Mar. 23, 1967,

Inf. c1. yc1011 21 /22, 5/02 U.S. Cl. 202--139 1 Claim ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A so-called rich fuel gas frequently is used to heat coke ovens which is introduced into the dues Without pre-heating. Such gas may be the coke oven gas obtained in the dry distillation, or carbonization, of bituminous coal or a residual gas from the treatment of liquid or gaseous fuels. All these gases contain a large proportion of methane and other hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons have the tendency to decompose upon heating thereby forming graphite. The latter deposits in the risers which introduce the gas into the burners and diminish the supply to such an extent that they even may clog these risers entirely.

It is customary to introduce air into the risers during those regenerative periods when no burning occurs in the flues. Sutlicient air is introduced to dissipate the deposited graphite. The problem of the graphite deposition in the rich fuel gas burners is of particular importance when they are not disposed directly at the base or sole of the flue but protrude to some extent into the flue itself. The employment of such elevated burners is imperative when the chambers are large, for instance, when they exceed a height of 6 meters. This is because the rich fuel gas ame is comparatively short so that uniform heating along the entire height of the flue cannot be attained exclusively with tire points close to the sole of the ue.

Burners which protrude highly into the flue have been used in the past, however, their flow diameter was of dimensions which did not exceed those of the supply lines disposed in the masonry. It has been found that, with large height of the chambers and comparatively' high-disposed orifices of the rich fuel gas burners, it had not been possible to assure uniform function of the coke oven at short coking times, i.e., elevated flue temperatures and larger quantities of gases burned in the individual flues per unit of time. The reason for this nonuniform performance is a clogging of the interior of the burners with graphite to such an extent that even intermittent blowing with air does not sufficiently remove the graphite. The elevated burners are within the ue, hence, are subjected to heat radiation from all sides at the prevailing temperatures which, from the llue sole upwards, are in a range of 1,200 to l,450 C.

It is the object of the invention to provide burners for the supply of rich fuel gas which extend far into the flue in such a manner that uniform operation of the coke oven is assured even at short coking times and appertaining high temperatures and also when the gas burned has a considerable content on methane and other hydrocarbons.

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According to the invention, the burners in a coke oven having vertical tiues and burners, which protrude into the ues at different heights are provided with a cross section which is extended relative to the risers in the masonry. It has surprisingly and unexpectedly been found that this provision holds the graphite deposits within tolerable limits and facilitates faultless removal of these deposits by introducing air into those parts of the oven during the regenerative period wherein no burning occurs.

It is believed that the effect according to the invention is obtained because the enlarged surface of the burner is subject to heat absorption and, relative to the flow volume, is smaller so that, upon slow tlow of the gas due to the greatly enlarged cross section, the heat transfer from the burner walls to the traversing gas is decreased.

The invention now will be more fully explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these are given merely by way of illustration, and not of limitation, and that it is intended to cover all embodiments and modifications which do not depart from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

In the drawings, which are schematics, a section of a regeneratively heated coke oven battery having vertical ues is shown. Therein,

FIG. 1 is an elevation of a coke oven battery;

FIG. 2 is an elevation taken through the center of groups of tlues;

FIG. 3 is a horizontal section through an oven, showing the riser conduits and burners; and

FIGS. 4 and 5 are fragmentary sections illustrating two burner types.

Referring now to these drawings, flues 10 and 11 alternate in each group. They are separated by the partitions 12. The chambers 13 are limited on each side by the longitudinal walls 14. Below oven chambers 13 the regenerators 15 are disposed which alternately serve for preheating of the air and heat absorption of lburned gases in the instance of heating with pure rich fuel gas. The regenerator base channels are shown as 16. The connection between the regenerators and the ues is not shown in the drawings. The outlets 17 at the tlue sole are disposed at the channels leading to the regenerators. Each two regenerators 15 constitute one group. These groups are separated by separator fwalls 18. Therein the vertical rich fuel gas risers 19 are disposed which are connected at their bottom to gas distributor conduits (not shown) by means of jet tubes 20.

The rich fuel gas risers 19 open into the burners 21, 22, 23 and 24. Burner 22, as shown in FIG. 2, has the highest position within the chambers 13. To each burner 22, there is coordinated in each ue a burner 21 of medium height. In each ue 11, a burner 23 is disposed near the ue sole and a burner 24 protruding further into the flue, relative to burner 23.

It is salient to the invention that the cross section of the burners, relative to the risers 19 within the masonry, considerably widens not only in length but also in width. This markedly decreases the ow velocity of the rich fuel gas in the burners.

A great advantage of the enlargement of the gas nozzles resides in the change of the shape of the flame. With small cross section of the burners, the inlet velocity of the gas into the ue is considerably greater than the speed with which the preheated air rises therein. Blowing of the rich fuel gas into the air stream produces an unsteady flame which is quickly extinguished. However, when the gas is introduced into the air stream at a slower speed by means of the burners according to the invention, the flame is more steady and -burns longer.

In order to create a contact area as large as possible between the gas leaving the -burners with the air rising in the flues, the burners rising close to the flue partitions are enlarged primarily in vertical direction relative to the chamber walls.

The diameter of the cylindrical gas risers usually is 50 mm. The burners are enlarged so as to assume a substantially oblong cross section. They have a diameter, vertically to the chamber Wall, of 20G-280 mm., and parallel to the chamber wall, of 60-70 mm.

Whereas in FIG. 3 the enlargement of the burners 21, 22, 23 and 24 is illustrated relative to the risers 19, FIGS. 4 and 5 show the cross sections of the burners. In FIG. 4, the burner flares out from the riser, attaining the maximum cross section at the top, while in FIG. 5, an embodi# ment is shown wherein the burner has a rectangular cross section. The shapes shown are applicable to any of the burners, but once selected, the shape is identical for all Iburners.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a horizontal coke oven provided with pairs of ilues, burners assigned to each ue, and riser pipes for the supply of fuel to said burners, the llues separated from the ovens by longitudinally extending chamber Walls, the improvement which comprises said burners being of larger dimensions than said riser plpes,

the cross section of said extended burners being substantial rectangular,

said burners being oblong in cross section and having dimensions of substantially 60-70 mm. parallel to said chamber walls,

and of substantially 200-280 mm. in a direction transverse to said chamber wall,

the diameter of said riser pipes being substantially References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,220,919 11/ 1940 Staeckel 202-144 3,345,051 10/ 1967 Van Ackeren 202-139 NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner DAVID EDWARDS, Assistant Examiner U.S. C1. X.R. 431--353

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