US958154A - Coke-oven. - Google Patents

Description

W. MUELLER.

COKE OVEN. AAPPLIO'ATION Hmm une, 190s,

Patented May 17, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. MUELLER.-

COKE OVEN.

APPLIUATIGN FILED un. e. 1909.

` Patented May 17, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

f l f f l W- MUS-LEER COKE OVENJ AYPLIOATION '.EILED APB. 6, 1909.

Batantef May 17, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET a.

W. MUELLER.

COKE OVEN. APPLICATION Hmm Amm, 1909.

WILHELM MUELLER, F DUSSELDORF, GERLINY.

COKE-OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mey it, reto.

Application filed April 6, 1909. l Serial No. 488,28.

To all whom "it may concern:

Be. it lrnovvn that l, VILHELM MUELLER, u subject of the German Emperor, and residing :it Dusseldorf, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in (loko-Ovens, of which the following .is u specification..

My invention relates to regenerative colte ovens or gus retort furnaces, und the moin object to construct und provide such ovens und furnaces in which exclusively that 'ipzirt ot. the walls beside the aching-charge is heated intensely continuously und uniformly, where-us the gas-collecting chamber located above the charge insulated from the heat of the walls und ceiling und cooled, in order, onntlxc one hand, to produee u` gus et high culorilc und illuminating vaine by ineens ot' conveniently regulate-ble, uniform heating by an optionally high temperature of the Walls, and on the other hand to protect the gus thus obtained from decomposition in the chamber `above, which was caused heretofore owing to the top-part of the chamber being overheuted.

The methods of heating the Wells of the ovens in eolie ovens known heretofore, par ticulurly in regenerative ovens, are all imperfect, because half or a quarter of c. Weil is heated with fresh ges und oir only from below alternately, Whereas the other portion of the Wall receives only`tl1e waste liest of the former portion which is lower in teinperuture by several hundred degrees, the consequence of which is that, on account .of this alternating heating, the oven walls ure subjected to continuously iuctuuting temperatures, whereby leaks and creeks are produced more und more in the iireproot' masonry ot the walls vith increasing durution of working, so that, the coking-period and the quelity of coke and gas'cgruduully deteriorate considerably. These defects are entirely done away with b v the present improved construction, und e short duration of eolring,

good .quality of coito und gus, und u. higher yield ot' by-products are obtained.

ln order that the invention muy be clearly understood will now explain the sume with reference to the accompanying drawings in which one construetionol form of my iinproved regencrative coke oven is represented by way ot example.

In said drawings: Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section through the coke oven token through the center of the combustion chambers, and .F ig. la is e like view teken through the center ot a coking chamber or retort; Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section teiten on line Z-Z of Fig. 1"-, and Fig. 3 is a like view of e. slightly modified form on an enlarged scale, the bottom portion being omitted, Whereas Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on line X-X of'ig. 3. Fig. 5 is e View similar to that shown in Fig. 3, but showing in addition the lower part of the coke-oven; the left-hand side is e section through the intermediate binder bricks of the Well showing flue 18, whereas the right-hand shows houY the upper gas and air supply is urranged and hou7 the combustion gases pass downward and escupe through the lower twyer 5 into the sole channels 14; Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are vertical sections through the upper twyer, plan view, and vertical section through the lower twyer, respectively, Fig. 7 showing both twyers in plan; Fig. 9 is a sectioned.` plan view ot the end part of the buttery ot coke ovens A in Fig. l und shows the connection of the tWo regenerators with the reversing valve and smoke stack, Whereas Figs. 10 and 11 ere sections .on the bent line L -u, and in the plane e-fw in -Fig. 9, respectively. I

Similar reference (hornet-ers indicate corresponding ports in all figures.

Referring to the drawings, the coking chambers or retorts A are provided with ehurginghoies l et the top of the oven. The side Wells of the coking chambers are formed by a series of Vertical heating or combustion tlues el. in contradistinction to known methods of supplying ges und air from below only, the combustion fines in my improved eolie oven are provided ut their lower'as Well us at their top ends with special tvvyers or blast nozzles t'or supplying and mixing und hot oir. Ythe twyers for the lower and upper supplies ure constructed in such manner :is to convey the. gus and sir eurrents into the l'ieuting fines in a direction parallel with euch other, in order to preventl any formation of smell flames or flume-torrents. A very intinntte mixture ofgas und nir is, however, attained by arranging that the air-passages 6 'poss spirully around the rair at any pressure Aby means o gas-'nozzles 6a into the combustion ue, as clearl'I shown in Figs. 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8. Name v, as these ig'uresshow, the construction ofythe'twyers admits of a supply of hot a blower, becauseas a current ofuair enters into the lues 4 it is broken up while flowing through r. four openings 6 around the stream of gas by means of small ducts-(vih'which open-somewhat tangentially and 'slantingly into.the gas nozzle'a; the' stream ofgas is broken ,up bythe air entering it in this manner and a rotary movement is produced owing to whereby the pressure of gas and air is lrept 44equalv The air supply openings 6 and 16 inA the twyers are likewise well adapted for the discharge of the products of combustion.l

.In addition, the waste gases from the combustion flues are notcollected, as .in the manner known heretofore, in a loner horizontal' channel that runs atthe top of the lues, but in my improved oven 'every two, four orsix iues are connected only attheir upper ends by Ipassages Z',sol that theupper part of the wa s of the coking chambers are stronger and more durable. As clearly shown in Fig.4 1, in some of the walls of the cokng charnbers I prefer '-to provide these passages 7 superposed in -pairs in order to prevent the waste gases which ilow from the second heating flue of a set `of connected ues being throttled.

Underneath the combustion ilues are arranged -side by side and superpose-d the gassupply channels 8, 8 and9, 9a. The super` posed channels are connected in such manner as to enable the gas su ply by way of the valves or stopcocks 25 o be suitably regu- -lated for each three or four combustion tlues,

Suitable connecting passages 10 lead the gas upward from the channels 8 and 9 through nozzles/6a into the combustion fines.

I channels 8, 8a an The object ofA roviding four gas supply 9, 9a is that the .channels 8 and 8*, or 9 and 9HL alternately maytogether supply gas to a group of four or three heating flues; in this manner more mi less gas can be supplied, according to vthe kind of coal, either at the front end or toward 4the middle as desired. If only one supply channel were rovided 'for each side it would not be possib e positively to control the heating in this manner, as I cannot otherwise re ulate the gas for the ues located towar the center.

. To avoid the passages 10 becoming clogged.

up with naphthalene or graphite, openings 11 having removable plugs 12 `are arranged in the foundation arches 13 which enable all the vertical combustion lues 4 to be readily inspected from time to time."

The sole channels 14a, 14:, 14"', 14d alternately serve for supplying the hot air for combustion from the one regenerator 15 through lateral passages 16 and the twyers 6 to the heating lues 4, and for conveying the waste hot gases from the combustion ues to the other regenerator 17.

The sole channels 14 can be alternately connected by a flue, which is regulatable by a damper, with the regenerators 15 or 17.

.At the end of the battery of ovens the two regenerators 15 and 17 are connected in the' usual known manner (see Figs. 9, 10 and 11) with the smoke stack 28; at the junction of the iues is a. reversing valve 27 which alternately connects one of the two regenerators with the smoke stack 28, and the other with an air supply pipe. The air is'supplied -through the air pipe and reversing valve by .afan or blower not shown in the drawing,

which forces the air through the regenerator where it is heated and on into the sole channclsfl/.i and combustion lues 4. IThe waste gases `passing from the combustion lues and sole channels to the other regenerator are drawn off by the draft of the smoke stack.

The four sole channels are required ar- .ranged superposed in pairs, as shown, in order that-the waste gases may be drawn away from both the front and the rear end `oit the sole of the oven, which would not be From the sole channels 14c or 14d of the hotl air is led throu h small passages 18 formed in the intermediate binder-bricks of the wall inginto the air ues`19 around the upper (see Figs. 3, 4 and 5) and ascendeoV 10u os-lv ,l 1 sible if only two sole channels were provi ed.`

a part twyers 5, inV order to' supply auxiliary `hot air through openings 6 to the downwardlyl flowing products of combustion If no air be supplied from the sole channels 14 or 14d. f to flues 18 and 19, the supply can take lace through a hole 20 from both ends` o .the oven, -in which. event the iues 19 run the whole length beside the upper twyers throughout the oven.

In the. uppermost part of the oven above the twyers 5 of the heating fines are arranged one or two gas-supply channels 21 and 2.1a which are connected to those flues 4 which have in them a downward draftl of combustion. The passages 2l and channels 3 which connect the chargin holes 1 with the upper gas supplyA channe s 2l, are only used whenthe oven is vbeing started, or in the event of the oven being worked without recovery of the by-products, to convey .the

crude gas from the coking chamber directly into the combustion luest.

The arrangement of one or ltwo gas -supply channels above the heating'ues is quite optional, for the heating gases 1n the upcast lines are all. under pressure and only the downeast lines have a draft tronrthe chirn` ney, out as theupper extra supply of gas 'space B above the coking charge is snrrounded at its sides and ceiling hy hollow blocks or tiles, or by several brick walls made of lireproof material which conduct heat badly, forming small ducts or channels 22. These channelsA are interconnected hy si'nall ducts 222 (Fig. la) and extend so tar down the side of the combustion flue toward the charge as is preferable having regard to the shrinking of the coking mass. Also,

it preferred, the gas collecting space l can he made smaller than the colring chamber A below-fit. as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3 at the right-hand side, in order to have inore space for the channels 22 and to charge the chamber equally vfull every time. The chan.4 nels which confiniunicz te with the air lines lfhas shown in llig. 5, serve on the one hand for utilizing,` the excessive heat of oven ceiling for preheating the air for the upper supply, and ori the other hand keep radiated heat away from the collecting spaces B. l v

The advantage of this over other arrangements known heretofore is that not only is all heating of the sides of the gas collecting spaces avoided, lont also the heat of radi,- ation at the sides and ceiling of the oven is reduced as much as possible hy the liuc-s Q2. The collecting spaces ll thus cooled have a far lower temperature than the charge helow them, and the generated gases therefore pass out or". the colring charge the whole length of the chamber directly into the cooled collecting spaces, so that the valuable ill-urninating,- constituents of the evolved gases cannot be decomposed.

The operation of my improved colre Oven is as follows: The coking chambers A are charged with coal in the usual manner. The gases generated in the coking chambers are conducted troni the collecting spaces B through. vertical pipes C to the condensa tion plant. After the separation of the byproducts,the gas tor heating the oven is conducted through pipes 23 along' the side ot thehattery ot ovens, and small branch pipes 251- provided with valves or stopeoclrs 25 conduct .it into the upper channel 2i as well as into the bottom channels 8,18, t), 9a

the A in each half of the oven Wall. if now, for example, the regenerative system is used, the ,gas passes from the channels 8 or 9 through the twyers 5 alternately into halt the number of lines in one wall, 2'. e. into one side of one, two or three pairs of heating llues e. dust below the sole or the oven, hot air also enters from the one regenerator l5, and sole channel through the twyers 6 and mises with the burning gas owing upward. The products of combustion are then conducted through the passages 7 into the next fines of one, two or three combined pairs. Since nnich of their heating` power is lost on the way upward, each of the fines having a downward combustion receives from the channels 19 and 2l an auxiliary supply ot fresh gas and' hot air, in order to keep the temperature as higl'i as that in the upward lines. The Waste. gases finally descend through the lower t-Wyers and passages 1h to 'the sole channels and then through the other regenerator 1T, to the smoke staclr 28.

After the reversal of a suitable three-way cock 26 in the gas-supply pipe and ot the reversing.;` valve 27 of the two regenerators 15 and l? alongside the battery, the supply of `ras and air ows in the reverse direct-ion with reward to the direction of flow ot the in the combustion lines. it no regenerators he employed tor heating` the air, the direction of flow of the supply of'gas and air and that of the products of @enthustion remain always the saine.

The supply of gas and air to every set of three or four lines can he readily controlled and regulated at will by the pipes and stop coelrs or danipers in the sole channels so that a very uniform distribution of vgas and air is attained. Therefore, and on account of the improved situation of the lower, and particularly of the upper gas and air supply twyers, which enables an exceedingly high temperature to he applied exclusively to the colring charge and prevents other parts of the oven, particularly the gas-collecting space B being heated, the improved colte ovenA can he run with a considerable saving of fuel owing to the more perfect Combustion ot the gas mixed with the highly heated air. Besides economy in fuel gas being realized, on account of the high temperature which is obtainable at the side of the charge of/coal, and having.,r reg/ard to the cooled gascollecting roonnthe yield 'of gas of a higher illuminating` and caloritic value, as Well as of ammonia and 'henzols is materially increased.

Owing to the more complete, uniform, speedy and economical colring process in my improved coke oven as coi'npared with others known heretofore, l am enabled not only to get better and more increased products' of distillation, hut also a goed sound coke can be obtained from a loiY grade coal on ac- Are uired.

aving now particularly ldescribed my in,-

venti'on, what I claim and desire to secureI by Letters Patent is l. The combination in a coke oven, of ah plurality of vertical heating flues forming the sides of coking chambers, means to supply gas and air to the lower and upper part of each of said heating lines, passages con` necting gas supply channels connected with' the upper ends of said heating fines;l 'a plurality of superposed supplychannels connected with the lower part oi said heating `lues, passages for cleaning. vand inspecting kleading from the foundation vaults into the heating lues, subdivided'hot-air or wastehcat sole channels, each said sole channel having four subdivisions and passages connecting said sole' channels with the lower .ends of the heating lues, air-passages connecting the lower sole channels to the air,- ports and the supply channels of the upper air lues to the heating Hues, 'means for closing and regulating said gas supply channels and said sole channels, and means for reversing the gas and air supply.

2. The combination, in a coke oven, of a plurality of vertical heating flues forming the sides of cokingchambers, each of said heating fines having a twyer at the top and bottom of the same, gas-supply channels opening intothe 'top and bottom of said" heating flues, a plurality of small cooling channelsl around the top or gas-collectingpurpose spec iiied.

. 3, The comb-inat.ionin,a.,colge oven of a v plurality of vertical heating iues'formlng the sides of coking chambers, each of said-f heating lues having a twyer at the top and bottom of the same, gas-supply channels opening into the top and bottom of said, 'heating iiles, a plurality of small cooling channels around the top' or gas-collecting space of each coking chamber arranged, substantially as shownA extending down the sides of the coking chambers, and air-supply channels connected with said cooling channels and said twyers, the top or gas-collecting space of each coking chamber being smaller than the coking chamber proper below it, substantially as set forth and shown in'the Vacoonripanyin'g drawings. l

In testimony whereof, I ax my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

e WILHELM MUELLER. [Ls] Witnesses l l OTTO KNIG,

.W ILL; KnEIN. I

40 nels and said twycrs, as forth and for the

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