US2187473A

US2187473A - Apparatus for permanently waving hair

Info

Publication number: US2187473A
Application number: US80128A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ralph M Keele
Original assignee: KEELMO CO
Current assignee: KEELMO CO
Priority date: 1936-05-16
Filing date: 1936-05-16
Publication date: 1940-01-16
Anticipated expiration: 1957-01-16

Description

Patented Jan. 16, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE p amsn p maneras Foa mummy wavmo Ralph M. Keele, San Francisco, Calif., assigner, by direct and meine assignments, to Keelmo Co., San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of California Application May 16, 1936, Serial Noelml 23Clailns.

This invention relates to an apparatus for socalled "permanent" waving hair on the human head, and particularly pertains to an improved apparatus for practicing what is known as the Croquignole method of permanent" waving.

In prior Croquignole methods of waving hair, the hair is treated with a softening solution and is then divided into flat strands and a protector pad and clamp is applied to the base of each `strand closely adjacent to the scalp to protect the scalp and to hold the strand lor further treatment. Each strand oi' hair is then wound flatwise from its free end to the clamp on a curler spindle which is then usually connected with the clamp and turned to place the hair under tension. A moisture pad with an outer impervious cover is then wrapped over the wound strand,'and heat is applied thereto to a degree sunlcient to vaporize the moisture and cause it to penetrate the wound strand and `eect the wave. When the heat is to be generated electrically, a heater embodying electrical heating elements is applied over the wrapped hair to apply heat thereto. When the heat is generated by exothermie reaction, the exothermic material is in the form of a pad and is wrapped about the wound strand and the whole is enclosed in a housing usually termed heater.

The process of waving hair and apparatus for practicing it just described is the most commonly employed and has a number oi shortcomings. These shortcomings are principally due to the provision of' the pads and clamps which, due to their, length and thickness, obviously prevent thefwave from being spaced a uniform short distance from the scalp. Further, the application oi such protector pads and clamps and the subsequent application of moisture wrappers and exothermic pads consumes considerable of the operator's time, and the weight thereof on the head adds to the discomfort of the waving operations.

It is the principal object of my present invention to provide an improvedand highly efiicient apparatus for use in practicing the Croquignole method of permanent" waving, which apparatus eiiects a superior form oi wave and overcomes the shortcomings of the apparatus heretofore employed. in that it simplifies the operations required to effect a wave so as to minimize the time required to wave a head of hair, permits the application of a greater number of curlers to be applied to a head of hair than can be applied by use of prior methods and apparatus so that a wave may be produced which will be uniformly spaced and comparatively close to the scalp, and which apparatus reduces the weight:

applied to the head so as to reduce the discomfort of the waving operations.

One form which the invention may assume is exempliiied in the following description and illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing, in which:

f Fig. l is a perspective view of a heater unit embodying the preferred form ci my invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view oi the casing portion oi the heater unit.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse sectional view through the heater unit taken on line III-III of Fla'. 4.

ll'lg. 4 is an enlarged central longitudinal section through the heater unit taken on line IV-IV ing drawing, I0 indicates a heater unit forming the major part of the apparatus constituting the subject matter of my invention. This heater unit includes a hollow casing Il. most clearly illustrated in Figs. 2 and `3, which is substantially rectangular in outline with a thickness somewhat less than its width. The marginal side edges of this casing il are senil-cylindrical and the curvature of both the exterior and interior of such edges is carried out as illustrated to give the eii'ect of two hollow cylinders arranged withtheir axes parallel and with their adjacent side walls intersecting along a line which is at a distance from the centers of said cylinders which is just slightly less than half the diameter of the cylinders. substantially cylindrical and elongated heating chamber l2 and a substantially cylindrical and elongated curling chamber Il, which chambers are arranged side by side in parallelism and in direct communication with each other through the elongated narrowed opening i6 between them.

The end walls it of the casing are substantially iiat although they mold into the marginal edges at one side of the casing as indicated. The end walls and the side walls o! the casing Il are integrally formed oi' resilient vulcanized rubber.

Thus, the interior of said casing forms a` Each Iof the end walls is formed with a circular opening I1, which openings are in axial alignment and disposed concentric with relation to the curling chamber Il. Between these openings and the adjacent marginal edges of the casing, the end walls are centrally divided as at Il and said adjacent marginal edge is correspondingly centrally and longitudinally divided so that the portions of the casing at opposite sides of the divi- 5 5 as 't sion constitutes two complemental clamping lips Ia and IIb, which may be separated in a direction at right angles to the axis of the curler chamber so that the casing may be fitted over a curler spindle as will be hereinafter described.

The casing` l l ofthe heater unit is enclosed in. a heater unit frame lsfwhich comprises two com-- plementairigid jawsections 20, which are spaced apart to receive the casing Il therebetween. These jaws are preferably formed` of pressed sheet metal or molded Bakelite, oraTflike substance-.ahaving sufilcent strength and rigidity, and are of a formation that they snugly. sides of the casing as illustrilitfel u L n of the casing l I opposite the clampingslig the jaw sections 20 of the frame are each formed with a projecting grip member;I ,211,31 located substantially midway betw'fe-th the Junction, between themg me bers, Zul and inflamed` complemetar am hinged togetherV to karticulate complementa connecting mansffe'fofmedo these inturned edges and in 'the"grooves" to formv .a detachable .connectionbetween the lips Aand" `jaw,'s`,ectioris.v connection'- vis 'such "that 'when a thejawsectlons are relatively moved; the clamp? ing lips pfy the casing willbe moved in uni'sfn therewith. Consequentlyjby"moving'the twofgrip l .membe'rsj2i` toward eachother, theclamping lips o "the"casing"will be"spread*ap`art 'Suilicie'ntlyito "eriable therasingfto' be positioned-overa v w v j perforatedsheetof metal foil; overwhichjfoil is 4Spring"means y23 is provided'between the "grip j members/2Ifvvhichv 'normallytends to rriaihtainy the clampingfli'ps 'of 'the casing inlarnpinigrie?V lation throughthe' medium, of course,l of f the l weer; l.

rigid iawsectio'ns zu.

so that fthe` clamping flips I8a` and'l'BUoi the casing I l. andthe 'spacerv clamping 'edges125 'will both tightly grip. la strandof hair regardless Tof whether' the lthicl'iness,of thestrand of hair'is'. greater'at'the point Wherefit is gripped' by the' spacer clamp than at'the point 'wher' itis grippedj by the.,` clamping ylips of'jth'e' casing `I Il For use in lconnection fith this heater uniti` i curler has been ""thelcasing Il. site ends of the jaw sections. Substantiallwiat (gm At,,thejouterside'of'each `j'aw'section 20 AIl :provide a'spac'erclamp member 2l f ormedof sheet materiau 30:, suitable' qualities, which 'spacer ciampi' members lie closely adjacent tothe outer' surj-l facsjpf the jaws 20 and which extendoutwardlyf a `spaced vdistance from'theinturned edges .of the f Jjaw members 2li. 'Atthis point thespacerclamp members are "inturned to provide clamping edges' 25,whi ch are arranged parallel to and at a "spaced f distance outwardly from the clamping lips of theA Casing'l It Willbe'iioticed that the'l'ampng` l edgesl 2 5 of the Spacer clamp meinbers are pro-fY v*vided with detachable rubber covers as illustrated',

The spacer clamp members are slightly resilient curling surface the spindle is formed with bearing pins!! which are reduced in diameter relative to the end of the adjacent curling surface. The diameterof these bearing pins 28 is just slightly greater than the Icircular openings I1 formed `in the end walls of the casing, so that whenthe casing,lif is arranged over'the curler, the 'edges of the circular openings y'I1 /will register with the bearing pins 28 and yieldably grip them s' as to maintain the curler concentrically within .the-.curling chamber and prevent the curler from lrotating. It should be stated that this yieldable vgripping actionbetween the edges of the openings.; Il and the bearing pins 28 enables the curler., to be turned' by manually gripping one end thereon to takeup anyfslack in the hair after the y v positioned and gripped within o Pivoted at one end to the curling surface of the spindle 26 is a clamping tongue 29 arranged to "j lie closely'adjacent tothe curling surface of the l' curler spindle to enable theend of va strand of hair tov be vclamped to' the spindle ning of the`winding operation."Y

I contemplate 'using heat generated by'chemical react-ion within-the heating chamber to eiect thelpermanency of the'wave. yFor this purpose I employ the type of curlerv spindle shown in Fig. 4 which is'longitudinally bored and portsv 26a ex'- at the begintend fromthis `bore ythrough the curlingsurface to enablehot *vapr's topass from within` the casing through-thecurlerV spindle,` which expedites j' the heating ko fthe curler spindle and equalize's- E the-heat'throughout thewound hair.

To generate heat byY chemical reaction; I` provide-an exothermic heating element 3| which isa Vcylindrical cartridge oialength and diameter that it-may be-snugly fitted within the heating chamber'of the casing. Ivprefer that this chem v ical heating element consist of a core of suitable' ch'er'nicalpsuch a'scalcium oxide, wrapped inV al a layerofrabsorbent material, the: same in turn being enclosed in acover`impervious to moisture.

isdipp'ed-in fluid and placed in the heating chamber of the casing. The reaction resulting from the application of moisture to thecalcium oxide ory charge generates sufiic-ient heat within-the casing to effect the permanency of thewave.

In operation of my apparatus, it is constructed substantially as illustrated and described. 'I'he" hair is treated with the proper solution, the strength -of which determines'thetightness of the wave;v The hair is then dividedinto strands and each strand is wound on acurler 26 from its outer end to the scalp. A` heating unitis then applied cverthe 'curler'with the circularopenings I1 receiving the-bearing pins 28 andsecuring the curler with the'hair Wound'the'reon concentrically within the curling chamber of the casing'l I. The exothermic heatin'gelement dipped inthe same solution that the hair was treatedfwith wouldV firstbe-4 inserted into 4the heating chamberv of the casing. l i

Itis obvious "that as soon as thev heating unit is applied 'to the curler that the strand will be tightly'clamped just beneath' the curlerby the clamping lips ofthe casing Il urged toward each other by the spring-pressed jaws comprisingV the frame of the unit.v Likewise, the spacer clamping edges 25 will tightly grip the strand closely adja'- cent'tothe scalp, maintaining'a spacing between the scalp and the clamping lipsVr of the casing.v

2,187,l7.8 f u This `provides a double seal topreventany escaping hot vapors iromcontacting the.. 'scalp`.l

eliminated, thus eiecting a considerable saving* of the operators time;v Likewise, Iby eliminating theuse otprotector `clamps and pads',.the strands` of hairlarenot. bunched at thescaip so thatthe` wave will lLbe fspaceda vuniformly close, distance to the scalp,1thus giving a imore. natural appear-1j anceandeifect.` Y'

`unittmvitl'lcits clamping mediurnsUwillbeA conf sideraiolyV lighterr in weight than the; combined welghts,..ofiprior heaters;clamps and protector, pads, consequently lessenna` the discomiiture of thefpermanentlfwaving operations.,y V c Aftentheheating unlthas been-applied tothe curler as previously .doscribed, rthe `curler maybe slightlyturned yby manually grippingonecf the t headszthereon to` take` up anyslack on the hair wound thereon. `TheyieldinggrippingAactiorrbe 'n tween the vedges of theopenings ,ifi :and the bear; ins pinsllpnn the `curltrswill` maintain the curler in a setwposition.l

The heat generated is,"oncoursefsunicient tot vaporizethe `moisture.: and causes thev hot vapors to passthrough `the hair into'the,',curle'r..J 'lliis` elementwill, of course, rise to an equivalent temperature so'fthat the heat vapplied will be' .unifo'rn'nh thus eii'ecting an excellenty wave.

The heater. unav is,V lfr on unal "ure same is` approximately cooL. at'whlch time tliefl'xilr` has been properlyfsteamedlf heater is then' re'` l moved by gripping thev grip members and `spreadfl ing the jawinembersof. the frame `I'he curler is thenunwound and'detached"frontiy the hair vand t 4`'the wave is ready vfor setting.

ofhair. y Y ,-v Y y From the foregoing/itis obvious thatI have method oi permanent waving, by'whichapparatus I am enabled top'roducea'superior form of virave.4 Likewise, it is `appa'rentthat'my im'- proved apparatusovercomes the sl'iortcoi'ningsfof` prior apparatus heretofore employed in that it y reduces and simplifies the operationsrequired to effect such a `wave and therefore minimizes the time required to wave a head ofvhair.

Furthenl desreto point out that by applied by use of prior methods-andapparatus so that the wave which I produce willbe closely anduniformly spaced .from the scalp. y y e.

Further. by use of my apparatus the weight on the'head is less than the weight-applied by prior -methods, and consequently minimizes the discom-V fort of the permanent waving. operations:

While I have shown `thepreferred form of 4my apparatus, it is*` to be `understood that variousy changes may be made in its construction; by those Having thus describedy invention, whatl I` claim and vdesire to secure by yLetters Patent is: i

l. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater element `removably .chamber.

f with the curling chamber.

the use of mylapparatuaa greater number of curlers mayv be appliedA to agiven head of hair than couldv be` :,rial,` and Aaneirothermic heating ,element rernov-` ,ablylztting withinsaid heating chamber.-` Said itv element being1insertable i into fsaid. ci'wimberyf` t throughfsaid division of the curling chamber. t It .should also be pointed out 'l that .rnyfheatingi 2.y Ahalr waving apparatus comprising a heater i pair of .opposed'clampinglips .at one side oflsaid .Y :chamberxwhich may bespread ,apartfto open the curling chamber` fortheinsertlon of a curler spin'- ttdle` fsaidfcasing`- being; formed i 0f resilientmatef y, rial, apair of; articulatelyzconnected rlgid..jaw

members embracing said caslngyand connected thereto atisaid lips land normallyurgingsaid lips i. l

3. `A hair waving apparatus comprising a lieater` unit including al hollow .casing, vthe linterior .oi

t toward eachy other, and `angexotl'iermic heating. .i

insertable iny said heating` which forms fzspaced communicating heating'` chamber and a curling chamber, said casing-havf, .t ing aligned openings at oppositeends o@ said curlr ing l chamber andk substantially` centrally thereof, anda curler` spindle having ends l`adaainted to be received in said, Openings whereby it `will, be, supported coaxially withinsaid chamben and an exothermicheating `element removably` ilttingthe n t Y t. v interior-,of saiduheating chamber andenclosed Here also an operation is'savedin ythat the cperator need notremove any""clamps or"` protectors t from the head, consequentlyexpediting theentirel i operation f'giving a permanent waveto ahead f thereby except r.thatlit is in opencornrnunication 4. A hair vwavingpparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow. casing, the interionof which yeasingl forms a heating chamber 'and a curling chamber lying side by side in parallelism and in directrcommunication, saidcasing having alignedopenings at opposite-ends ofthe curling f chamber, a curler spindle having ends adaptedto be received in said openings whereby thecurler will be supportedsubstantiallycoaxiallyv within saidhcurling'chamber, said-spindle having vapor conveying passages*tl'ieret-hrough,` and an exo-v thermic heating element disposed in saidy heating chamber. f

unitincluding a,ho1lowca,sing, the `interior of which forms an elongated heating chamberand y an `elongated curling` chambery arranged side by 1 side in parallelism and indirect communication,

said casing having alignedopenings-in its kencls` substantially coairiaily of said curling` chamber, a

bored curler spindle having ends adaptedto be i yieldingly gripped `in said openings, whereby it will be supported coaxially within saidcurling chamber, said spindle havingportslextending radially'from said. bore through saidfspindle, said casing being divided `longitudirially oi' the curling chamber `at the side thereof ,opposite the heating. 7

chamber'forming a pair `of clampingflipswhich` may be spread `apartto `permit inser'tiomof. said curler ,spindle,and` an exothermic heating car.-` tridge removablyiitting said` heating chamber.` i

`6. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit includinga hollow casing formed of molded .5.` A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater said'c'asingat opposite sides oi' said vdivision to open said-Yc'aslng -wherebythe same may be are raged-foyeria' wound strand of hair on said spindie; andan 'exothermic heating. element adapted to beinsrtedthrough said division and into said heatin vchaix'iber prior tothe arranging of the casing rfa wound strand of hair on the curler spindle'.`-y

7'; Apparatus for use in permanent waving, in conjunction with-a` curler upon which a strand of hair 'is'wound, saidapparatus comprising a jacket formed of resilient rubber, and including y,two opposed flexible walls capable of flexing to facilitate#application of the jacketsabout the curler, a holder including two opposed relatively movable -i'nembers normally urged together andy attached to the exible walls ofthe jacket, said jacket being so dimensioned that a compartment is formed therein extending longitudinally of the curler and the one side of the same, and a chemical heater packet removably disposed within said v compartment and adapted to be moistened to v.generate steam.l l

8;'In apparatusior-use in permanent hair waving, inconjunction with a protector which is clamped about a strand of hair and a curler' which is ycarried by the protector and parallel thereto, a one-piece jacket formed entirely oi' resilient-rubber adapted to removably embrace the curler'with the ends of the curler extend-k ing from the ends of the jacket, the jacket having two opposed longitudinal edges adapted to be interposed betweenthe curler and the protector on opposite sides of the hair strand extending irom the protector to the curler, whereby the jacket is sealed about the curler to form a steam chamber, *said jacket, onthat side of the curler `remote from thev protector, being dimensioned to form an interior compartment extending parallel to the curler and adjacent one side of the same, and a chemical heater Ypacket removably disposed within said jacket and adapted to be moistened to generate steam.

' 9. In hair waving apparatus, a jacket formed with two opposed flexible walls formed of resilient rubber and adapted to be spread apart, said jacket being adapted to be clipped over a curler on which hair is wound, said jacket being dimensionedto form a compartment extending longitudinally of the curler and adjacent one side of the same, said compartment being closed by end walls formed integral with the side walls, and a chemical heaterpacket removably disposed Within said compartment, said packet being retained within said compartment by the resiliency of said walls, and forming a generator o steam when moistened, said jacket serving to direct steam evolved from the packet about the Wound hair.`

l0. Apparatus for use in permanent hair waving in conjunction with a curler upon which a strand 'of hair is wound, comprising a jacket formed of resilient rubber, and including two 'opposed flexible' walls capable of'iiexing to facilitate application of the jacket about the curler, said jacket being so formed, that when applied to the curler, a compartment is formed extending longitudinally of the curler and ,along one side of the same, the ends of said compartment being closed, the lower side of said compartment being in communication with that portion of the jacket occupied by a curler, and a chemical heater packet removably disposed withthereof, and a curler spindle having ends adapt- -ed to 4be received in said openings whereby it will be supported coaxially within said chamber. l2. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the interior thereof forming an elongatedl curling chamber, said casing having aligned openings at opposite ends of said chamber andy substantially coaxially thereof, a curler spindle having ends adapted to be received in said openings whereby it will be supported coaxially within said chamber, said casing being divided longitudinally of said curling chamber and centrally of said openings whereby the portions of said casing on opposite sides oi' the division may be spread apart to enable insertion o! said curler spindle, a pair of articulately connected rigid jaw members embracing said casing and connected therewith at opposite sides of said division thereof to open and close the same.

13.'A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing formed of vulcanized rubber, the interior oi' which forms an elongated curling chamber, said casing having aligned openings at opposite ends of said chamber and substantially coaxially thereof, a curler spindle having ends adapted to'be received in Vsaid* openings whereby it will be supported' substantially coaxially within said chamber. said casing being divided-longitudinally of the curling chamber and substantially centrally of the openings at one side thereof to form a pair of opposed clamping lips, a frame embracing said casing and including a pair of rigid side sections articulately connected, said side sections being connected with said casing at said clamping lips, and spring means associated with said side sections constantly tending to urge said clamping lips toward each other.

14. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casingthe interior of which forms a charging chamber and a curling chamber lying side by side in parallelism and in direct communication, said casing being divided longitudinally of the curling chamber to form a pair of opposed clamping lips at one side of said chamber which may be spread apart to open the curling chamber for the insertion of a curler spindle, said casing being formed of resilient material, a pair of articulately connected rigid jaw members embracing saidcasing and connected thereto at said lips and normally urging said lips toward each other.

15. A hair waving apparatus comprising a. heater unit including a hollow casing, the interior of which forms a curling chamber, said casing having aligned openings at opposite ends of said chamber and Substantially centrally thereof, and a curler spindle having ends adapted to be yieldingly gripped in said openings whereby the division may be spread apart to enable in-y sertion of said curler spindle, a pair of articulately connected rigid jaw members embracing said casing and connected therewith at opposite sides of said division thereof toopen and close the same. i

l'l. A hair waving apparatus'comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the interior of which forms a charging chamber and a curling chamber lying side by side in parallelism and in direct communication, said casing being divided longitudinally of the curling chamber to form a pair of opposed clamping lips at one side oi said chamber which may be spread apart to open the curling chamber for the insertionoi a curler spindle, a pair of articulately connected rigid members embracing said casing and connected thereto at said `lips and normally urging said lips toward each other, means for charging said charging chamber with moisture, and means for generating heat within the interior of said casing.

18. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the interior ot which forms `a curling chamber, said casing having aligned openings at opposite ends oi' said chamber and substantially centrally thereof, and a curler spindle having ends adapted to be received in said openings whereby it will be supported coaxially within said chamber, and a heating element disposed within the casing.

19. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the interior of which :forms a charging chamber and a curling chamber lying side by side in parallelism and in direct communication, said casing being divided longitudinally of the curling chamber to form a pair or opposed clamping lips at one side of said chamber which may be spread apart to open the curling chamber for the insertion of a curler spindle, a pair of articulately connected rigid members embracing said casing .and connected thereto at said lips and normally urging said lips toward each other, a moisture absorbent charging cartridge iltting said charging chamber, and.means for generating heat within said casing.

20. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the interior of which casing forms a charging chamber and a curling chamber lying side by side in parallelism and in direct communication, said casing having aligned openings at opposite ends of the curling chamber, a curler spindle having ends adapted to be received in said openings whereby the curler will be supported substantially coaxially within said curling chamber, a moisture charging cartridge removably fitting said charging chamber, and means for generating heat within the interi'or of said casing.

2l. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the interor of which forms an elongated charging chamber and an elongated curling chamber arranged side by side in parallelism and in direct communication, said casing having aligned openings in its ends substantially coaxially of said curling chamber, a curler spindle having ends adapted to be yieldingly gripped in said openings whereby it will be supported coaxially within said curling chamber, said casing being divided longitudinally oi' the curling chamber at the side thereof opposite the charging chamber `forming a pair of clamping lips which may be spread apart to permit insertion of said curler spindle, a moisture charging cartridge removably fitting said charging chamber, and means for generating heat within the interior of said casing. 22. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the in terior of which forms a charging chamber and a curling chamber lying side by side in parallelism and in direct communication, said casing being divided longitudinally of the curling chamber to form a pair of opposed lips at one side of said casing which may be spread apart to open the curling chamber, a pair of articulately connected members connected to said casing andnormally urging said lips toward each other but capable of operation to spread said lips apart to open the curling chamber, an exothermic cartridge capable of insertion into said charging chamber between said lips and through said curling chamber, and a curler spindle for insertion between said lips substantially coaxially of the curling chamber.

23. A hair waving apparatus comprising a heater unit including a hollow casing, the interior of which forms a charging chamber and a curling chamber lying side by side in parallelism and in direct communication, an exothermic cartridge adapted to be inserted into the charging chamber and removably retained therein, said casing being divided longitudinally of the curling chamber at the side thereof opposite the charging chamber to form a pair of opposed lipsl at one side or said chamber which may be spread apart to open the curler chamber for the insertion of a curler spindle, a pair of artlculately connected rigid members connected with said casing and normally urging said lips toward each other but capable of operation to spread said lips apart to open the curling chamber.

RALPH M. KEELE.