US2182559A - Photogravure printing plate and method of and apparatus for producing the same - Google Patents

Photogravure printing plate and method of and apparatus for producing the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2182559A
US2182559A US105852A US10585236A US2182559A US 2182559 A US2182559 A US 2182559A US 105852 A US105852 A US 105852A US 10585236 A US10585236 A US 10585236A US 2182559 A US2182559 A US 2182559A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
printing
plate
tone
recesses
positive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US105852A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles L Henderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paper Patents Co
Original Assignee
Paper Patents Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paper Patents Co filed Critical Paper Patents Co
Priority to US105852A priority Critical patent/US2182559A/en
Priority to GB6322/37A priority patent/GB483943A/en
Priority to FR824401D priority patent/FR824401A/fr
Priority to CH201976D priority patent/CH201976A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2182559A publication Critical patent/US2182559A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F5/00—Screening processes; Screens therefor
    • G03F5/20—Screening processes; Screens therefor using screens for gravure printing

Definitions

  • the printing plates employed in photogravure printing and the cylinders or rolls used in the related process of rotogravure printing are formed with printing surfaces comprising a large number of ink receiving recesses or cells which are separated from each other by relatively narrow, criss-cross areas over which a cleaner or doctor blade rides after the plate or roll has been inked, to remove surplus ink.
  • These cells are of uniform size but of varying depth.
  • the deepest cells receive the greatest amount of inkand print the darkest tones in the picture.
  • Cells intermediate in depth print shaded or lighter tones in the picture, while the,highlights are printed by very shallow cells holding a small amount of ink.
  • Figure 2 is a similar view of a portion of my improved intaglio plate for photogravure print- Figure 3 is an illustration copied from an actual photomicrograph showing the dot formation in the full tone darks of the master positive photographic transparency utilized in making intaglio printing plates in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 4 is an illustration similar to Figure 3 showing the arrangement and-the shape of the etched recesses in a photogravure printing plate formed by the processes of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view of a photographic set up for making the master positive photographic transparencies utilized in the processes of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a fragmentary view of the screen used in the set upshown diagrammatically in Figure 5;
  • Figure '7 is a view of the stop used in this set up.
  • Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrating one manner in which the sensitized surface of the printing plate or roll may be exposed perparatory to the etching operation.
  • the shape of the recess forming dots on the photographic positive is likewise novel and is such that the shape of the ink recess is controlled during the etching process to accomplish the desired square formation.
  • the first step in the preparation of the master positive consists in the making of a negative of the subject or copy preferably on a photographic dry plate.
  • This negative need not be of the same size as the finished work, but should be large enough to make retouching easy and practical should retouching be desired.
  • the negative is made in the usual way, although in some cases it may require special attention as to density in order to get the proper dot formation on the positive plate. A photographer properly skilled in the photo-engraving art will have no difficulty in obtaining the desired results.
  • the printing can either be added to the copy before the negative is made, or a negative of the lettering can be made and stripped in on the negative in the usual manner.
  • the next step is to make the photographic positive which is subsequently photographically printed upon the sensitized surface of the plate or roll. This operation is as follows:
  • the negative N is mounted in a suitable frame F a foot or so in front of a white background B which is illuminated by two or more lamps L.
  • a conventional half-tone or black line screen S and a ground glass are mounted in the camera.
  • the camera is then adjusted to produce the correct size positive and for focus.
  • the distance between the ground glass and the screen is then so adjusted that when a stop C of the proper size and shape is inserted in the camera lens, the particular required dot formation, which will be described in detail in a later paragraph, will be produced.
  • the half-tone screen has the effect of converting the relatively large areas of the picture into small separate dot images corresponding in number and location to the meshes of the screen employed. These images produce developable areas in the resultant photographic positive (or negative) which are in the form of dots, the area of each dot being substantially proportionate to the amount of light which passes through the particular meshes or openings on the screen which are responsible for the formation of that dot.
  • Such effect is well recognized by photo-engravers.
  • the usual round stop or one of the many conventional stop openings may be used in the camera lens.
  • These stops as now used result in the production of images which, in the intermediate or dark tones, are in the form of black squares, the sides of which are disposed at an angle of 45 degrees to the direction of the lines of the screen employed.
  • the efiect in the case of a tone of a certain depth, is to produce developable areas corresponding almost exactly to the black squares of a black and white checkerboard.
  • the basic feature of the present invention consists in the provision of a master photographic positive which may be exposed directly upon the sensitized surface of the plate or roll to be etched, this transparency embodying recess forming dots of a particular shape and particular arrangement.
  • a photographic positive of this type by any of the ordinary photo-engraving processes such as the half-tone process, I found myself confronted by an apparently insuperable difficulty. I" found that the parts of the plate which represented the darks of the picture would consist of large recesses in which small white dots occur as islands separated from each other. Obviously, such a plate could not be employed in photogravure and similar printing processes because of lack of continuous support or bearing for the doctor blade.
  • the dot formation in the portions of the photographic positive which correspond to the full tone darks of the picture comprises a series of developable images, each having the general form of a square with indented sides, arranged in rows and separated by undevelopable lines,
  • the dot arrangement resulting from the process of my invention is not the same as the dot arrangement of the halftone process wherein the dots correspond, in certain tones, to the black square of a black and white checkerboard.
  • the dots correspond, in certain tones, to the black square of a black and white checkerboard.
  • this arrangement accomplishes the mostefiective utilization possible of the available printing surface.
  • the cross-shaped stop C on the camera lens in cooperation with the screen S. causes the light rays from the negative N being photo graphed to form on thepositive plate or film P a multitude of light-struck dots which in the full tone darks of the picture are disposed in longitudinal and transverse rows and are of varying areas, those from the blackest portion of the subject being relativelylarge and separated by narrow lines, those from the intermediate or shaded portion of the subject being smaller and separated by'wider lines, and those from the high lights of the subject being still smaller and separated by still wider lines or lands. All of the light-struck dots are of substantially equal intensity, tonal variation being accomplished by variation in the area of the dots. This effect is typically illustrated in Figure 2, which shows a fragment of the intaglio printing surface after the transfer from the developed positive transparency to the surface of the printing cylinder, and after the latter has been etched..
  • the purpose or function of the stop C at the camera lens is to confine the developable light.
  • the size and shape of the cross-shaped stop C should vary with the screen used to get the best results. This can best be determined by experiment. I have obtained good results from the use of stops in whicheach of the two slots of the cross was one to one and one-half inches long and from one-eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch in width in connection with half-tone black line screens with 100 to 150 lines to the inch with a ratio of lines to spaces of approximately one to one.
  • the fineness of the screen used depends on the character of the work and upon the judgment of the camera operator or. in some cases, it may be specified by the customer.
  • the proper angular relation of the cross stop to the screen line (45 degrees) is shown in Figures 6 and '7.
  • the distance between the plate and the screen necessary to produce the desired dot shape may be between one-eighth inch and three-elghths inch.
  • the operator inserts a photographic plate or film in the camera after removing the ground glass.
  • the plate or film is then exposed, the time of exposure depending on the nature of the subject and preliminary tests made by the operator.
  • the positive plate or film is then removed from the camera and developed and fixed in the usual manner.
  • the positive plate or. film now shows the arrangement but not the shape of the dots as they will appear as etched cells in the finished etching.
  • the resultant etched plate is, however, very difierent from the plate which results from a carrying out of the half-tone process or the ordinary rotogravure process.
  • Each of the dots in the master photographic positive which produces the ink recesses or cells in the finished plate has. as mentioned previously, the general form of a square with indented sides. Dots of this general shape tend to etch square, and by proper selection and arrangement of the cross shaped stop, it is a relatively simple matter to provide recess forming dots which in the full tone darks of the finished plate will etch almost perfectly-square, such etched cells being illustrated particularly in Figure 4. This figure has been made from an actual photomicrograph of a printing surface made in accordance with the present invention.
  • the ink recesses in the other portions of the etched plate likewise etch substantially square, those in the full tone darks of the plate being of the maximum possible size and separated by very thin supporting lands for the doctor blade, these lands consisting of two perpendicularly, intersecting sets of equi-spaced, parallel, continuous lines of material, and the recesses in the other portions of the plate being of less area and are separated by wider lands constituting, in effect, extensions of the narrow lands separating the full tone recesses.
  • the apparatus includes means for moving the master positive along and in contact with the sensitized surface of the roll while at the same time directing a suitable beam of light through the positive.
  • the reflector system for accomplishing this is indicated at I, and the light source, which may comprise arc lamps or similar equipment, is indicated at 8.
  • the linear speeds of the transparency and the sensitized surface of the roll are, of course, maintained at an equal value by suitable apparatus (not shown), and if the subject is a continuous pattern such as wall paper, suitable precautions are taken to produce a perfect join-up on the printing roll. It is possible by this process to produce any number of rolls which are exact duplicates of each other and which may be used to produce prints which are undistinguishable from one another. The advantages of such an arrangement in the manufacture of wall paper and all-over design patterns is clearly apparent.
  • aphotogravure printing plate having ink recesses of substantially uniform depth which in the full tone darks of the plate comprise substantially square recesses separated by lands having the general form of intersecting, rectangular grids of relatively narrow width, and which in the lighter tones of the plate comprise substantially square recesses of less area separated by wider lands constituting extensions of these rectangular grids.
  • a printing surface of this type wears very evenly and produces prints at the conclusion of its operative life which are practically identical with the prints produced upon the first few impressions of the printing surface.
  • the lands are of the same width throughout the printing surface and the recesses are of widely varying depth. Hence, even slight wear of a rotogravure printing surface will produce considerable change in the finished print, especially in the highlights.
  • a master photographic positive according to the present invention may be used for producing printing plates or cylinders by methods and apparatus other than these specific methods and apparatus which I have above described.
  • my improved photographic positive can be used to produce an intaglio plate or rotogravure cylinder by the carbon tissue or other method without the necessity of employing the usual line screen. It is my desire, therefore, that the accompanying claims shall be accorded the broadest reasonable construction consistent with the state of the art.
  • An etched intaglio printing surface having in its printing surface ink receiving recesses of substantially uniform depthand of area varying in accordance with the tone depth in the subject to be reproduced, said recesses being substantially rectangular in outline and substantially corresponding in location and arrangement to both the black and the white squares of a black and white checkerboard, said surface having continuous, solid, un-etched portions separating all of said recesses and providing a continuous surface over which a doctor blade may ride, said un-etched portions being in the form of two perpendicularly intersecting sets of spaced, parallel, continuous lines of material of suificient width in the portions of said surface corresponding to th deepest tones of said subject to support a doctor blade and varying in width in the other portions of said surface substantially inversely proportional to the tone depth of corresponding portions of said subject, so that the full range of tones in said subjectmay be reproduced.
  • An intaglio printing plate in which theprinting areas corresponding to the full tone darks of the subject to be reproduced consist of. separate and distinct recesses which are generally rectangular in outline, the walls of said recesses being defined by intersecting sets of substantially parallel lines, said lines in the portions of said plate corresponding to the deepest tones oi said subject being of sufficient thickness to support a doctor blade, and said lines varying in thickness in the other portions of, said plate "substantially inversely to the tone depth in the corresponding portions-of said subject whereby the printing areas for those-portions of said plate corresponding to the lighter tones of said subject consist in separate recesses, the walls of which are defined by lands constituting enlarged extensions of said intersecting lines, all of said recesses being of substantially uniform depth, and the tonal gradation in thesubject to be reproduced by said plate being created through progressive variation in the effective printing area of said recesses.
  • said dot images substantially corresponding in location and arrangement to both the black and white squares 01a black and white checkerboard, said photographic positive having continuous, unexposed, transparent areas separating said recess-defining dot images in order to provide lands in the printing plate over which a doctor blade may ride, said unexposed areas consisting 01' intersecting lines, the thickness of which varies substantially inversely with the tonedepth of the subject reproduced in said photographic positive,
  • said intersecting lines in the portions correspond-. 'ing to the deepest tones of the subject reproduced in said photographic positive being in the form of two perpendicularly intersecting sets of substantially equi-spaced, parallel continuous lines of suflicient width to provide suitable supporting lands for the doctor blade in the etched printing plate.
  • the areas of all of said recess-defining dot images being substantially directly proportional to the tone depth oi the corresponding portions camera and through a conventional half-tone screen, but in which the camera lens opening is so shaped as to form in eiifect a cross having its arms arranged diagonal to the screen lines to maintain the continuity of the non-developable parts corresponding to the screen lines projected while preventing any overlap of the developalble light sensitized areas, even in the full-tone darks oi the picture, then developing the plate, then exposing the resist-treated printing surface through said positive, and then etching the said printing surface.
  • the improved method of making a full-tone positive photograph for use in the production of intaglio printing plates or rolls which consists in making a negative of the subject, and then making therefrom a positive by means of the conventionalcamera and through a conventional halftone, black-line screen, but in which the camera lens'opening is of substantially cruciform shape, the lines of the cross being disposed at an angle of substantially 45 degrees to the lines of the screen, so that the developable light-sensitized areas corresponding to the'dots formed by the screen meshes in the full-tone darks of the picture do not overlap and are confined between the screen lines projected.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
US105852A 1936-10-16 1936-10-16 Photogravure printing plate and method of and apparatus for producing the same Expired - Lifetime US2182559A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US105852A US2182559A (en) 1936-10-16 1936-10-16 Photogravure printing plate and method of and apparatus for producing the same
GB6322/37A GB483943A (en) 1936-10-16 1937-03-03 Improvements in and relating to intaglio printing plates
FR824401D FR824401A (fr) 1936-10-16 1937-03-09 Perfectionnements aux plaques de photogravure
CH201976D CH201976A (de) 1936-10-16 1937-03-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Intaglio-Druckplatten und bei diesem Verfahren verwendbares, photographisches Diapositiv.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US105852A US2182559A (en) 1936-10-16 1936-10-16 Photogravure printing plate and method of and apparatus for producing the same
GB6322/37A GB483943A (en) 1936-10-16 1937-03-03 Improvements in and relating to intaglio printing plates
FR824401T 1937-03-09
CH201976T 1937-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2182559A true US2182559A (en) 1939-12-05

Family

ID=26803015

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US105852A Expired - Lifetime US2182559A (en) 1936-10-16 1936-10-16 Photogravure printing plate and method of and apparatus for producing the same

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2182559A (fr)
CH (1) CH201976A (fr)
FR (1) FR824401A (fr)
GB (1) GB483943A (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431710A (en) * 1943-07-22 1947-12-02 Philadelphia Inquirer Co Gravure plate
US2482638A (en) * 1943-04-12 1949-09-20 Triangle Publications Inc Photogravure
US2635371A (en) * 1948-06-29 1953-04-21 Mazzocco Leandro Viewing device for positive photographic prints
US2703281A (en) * 1952-10-16 1955-03-01 Art Color Printing Company Auxiliary screening apparatus and method for multicolor photogravure
US2914406A (en) * 1955-07-26 1959-11-24 Art Color Printing Company Method of gravure reproduction
US2997392A (en) * 1957-12-19 1961-08-22 Art Color Printing Company Method of gravure reproduction
FR2323169A1 (fr) * 1975-09-08 1977-04-01 Nippon Paint Co Ltd Plaque d'impression en photopolymere, pour gravure en creux
US4023971A (en) * 1974-11-21 1977-05-17 Vested Harry S Film and method for forming intaglio printing plates
US4233123A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-11-11 General Motors Corporation Method for making an air cooled combustor
US20070062385A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2007-03-22 Bpsi Holdings, Inc. Method for printing on tablets and etched printing plate used therein
US20110174176A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2011-07-21 Chun Sang-Ki Cliche for off-set printing and product manufactured using the same
US20120137907A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Intaglio printing plate including supplementary pattern and method for fabricating the same

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2482638A (en) * 1943-04-12 1949-09-20 Triangle Publications Inc Photogravure
US2431710A (en) * 1943-07-22 1947-12-02 Philadelphia Inquirer Co Gravure plate
US2635371A (en) * 1948-06-29 1953-04-21 Mazzocco Leandro Viewing device for positive photographic prints
US2703281A (en) * 1952-10-16 1955-03-01 Art Color Printing Company Auxiliary screening apparatus and method for multicolor photogravure
US2914406A (en) * 1955-07-26 1959-11-24 Art Color Printing Company Method of gravure reproduction
US2997392A (en) * 1957-12-19 1961-08-22 Art Color Printing Company Method of gravure reproduction
DE1135762B (de) * 1957-12-19 1962-08-30 Art Color Printing Company Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Tiefdruckformen
US4023971A (en) * 1974-11-21 1977-05-17 Vested Harry S Film and method for forming intaglio printing plates
FR2323169A1 (fr) * 1975-09-08 1977-04-01 Nippon Paint Co Ltd Plaque d'impression en photopolymere, pour gravure en creux
DK151199B (da) * 1975-09-08 1987-11-09 Nippon Paint Co Ltd Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en fotopolymerdybtryksplade til gravuretrykning
US4233123A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-11-11 General Motors Corporation Method for making an air cooled combustor
US20070062385A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2007-03-22 Bpsi Holdings, Inc. Method for printing on tablets and etched printing plate used therein
US7827911B2 (en) * 2005-09-22 2010-11-09 Bpsi Holdings, Inc. Method for printing on tablets
US20110174176A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2011-07-21 Chun Sang-Ki Cliche for off-set printing and product manufactured using the same
US9168777B2 (en) * 2008-09-26 2015-10-27 Lg Chem, Ltd. Cliche for off-set printing and product manufactured using the same
US20120137907A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Intaglio printing plate including supplementary pattern and method for fabricating the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR824401A (fr) 1938-02-08
CH201976A (de) 1938-12-31
GB483943A (en) 1938-04-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2182559A (en) Photogravure printing plate and method of and apparatus for producing the same
NO143137B (no) Transportkjoeretoey med bakover aapen u-formet ramme
US4004923A (en) Method of using a test film to measure developer activity
US2226086A (en) Printing
US3581660A (en) Lithographic printing process
US4012257A (en) Method of producing a gravure printing surface utilizing a continuous and screened negative
US2596115A (en) Screened positive for use in preparation of intaglio printing plates and method of making said positive
US2628903A (en) Preparation of printing plates and cylinders with chloro-bromide resist-forming film
US4059481A (en) Method of making an intaglio halftone gravure printing plate
US2961315A (en) Method of making a contact screen, and a method of making a screened positive for the preparation of printing plates or the like
US2024086A (en) Process for producing a printing plate
US2387048A (en) Photoengraving or the like
US3928038A (en) Process for making multi-color intaglio plates and cylinders for use in gravure printing
US2040247A (en) Gravure printing process
US3210188A (en) Method of producing printing forms for intaglio printing
US2100346A (en) Intaglio printing elements and method of producing the same
US2914405A (en) Method of gravure reproduction
US1408312A (en) Photographic-printing process
US4283471A (en) Printing screen and method of making same
US3122436A (en) Making rotogravure cylinders or plates
US1944123A (en) Photogelatin printing
US2692198A (en) Methods of producing half-tone printing plates
DE456889C (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tiefdruckformen auf Platten oder Zylindern
US2370461A (en) Half-tone intaglio textile printing roller and method of producing same
US2811444A (en) Printing plate construction