US2158778A - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

H. H. RUMPEL May 16, 1939.

CRUSHER Filed Jan. 30, 1937 2 Sheets-5heet l R m m V W.

ATTORNEYS- May 16,1939. 'H. H. RUMPEL CRUSHER Filed Jan. 30, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented May 16, 1939 UNITED STATES 2,15s,77 sw PATENT OFFICE CRUSHER Application January 30, 1937, Serial No. 123,210

12 Claims.

The present invention relates in general to improvements in the construction of crushing machinery, and relates more specifically to improvements in the construction and operation of 6'. yratory crushers wherein the material is reduced in a chamber located between relatively movable members disposed one within the other.

Generally defined, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved gyratory crusher which is simple and durable in construction, and which is also highly efficient in operation.

It is a well known fact, that the crushing head of a gyratory crusher, which is mounted for free .rotation about its own axis, will rotate or at least tend to rotate in a direction opposite to the direction of gyration thereof when crushing is being is being efiected, and in the same direction when idling. This action introduces forces tending to rotate the concave with which the head cooperates, and if the rotating tendency of the concave is not properly resisted or restrained, excessive wear and other damage may result. In crushers having rigidly fixed concaves, it is 'a simple matter to restrain the rotative tendency,

but in machines wherein the concave crushing member is mounted so as to tilt or to recede from the crushing head when uncrushable substances are admitted to the crushing zone, the problem solved. This relative rotation of the concave and head, moreover creates extreme pressures which tend to rotate the head mantle upon the head core and to thus loosen the mantle, and it is gig-therefore another difficult matter in such machines, to provide an effective lock for the head protecting mantle.

The present invention therefore contemplates provision of simple and highly effective instru- 40' mentalities for obviating these difficulties in gyratory crushers of the type having a crushing head which is mounted for free rotation about its own axis, and also having a concave which is mounted so as to recede from the head when uncrushable substances are admitted to the crushing zone.

A more specific object of my present invention is to provide improved structure for effectively preventing rotation of the concave of a 50 gyratory crusher about its axis, while permitting tilting or bodily movement thereof along the axis and away from the crusher head under abnormal crushing conditions.

Another specific object of my invention is to 55; provide an improved attachment for the h d 1 of resisting the rotative tendency is not so easily mantle of a gyratory crusher of the type having an umbrella shaped crushing head operating within and coacting with a flaring concave.

Still another specific object of my invention is to provide various improvements in the details of construction of gyratory reduction crushers of the spring relief type having relatively long crushing strokes and operable at relatively high speeds, whereby the durability and efficiency of such machines is enhanced to a maximum.

These and other objects and advantages'of the present improvement will be apparent from the following detailed description.

A clear conception of the several features constituting the present improvement, and of the construction and operation of a gyratory crusher built in accordance with the invention, may be had by referring to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

.Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a gyratory crusher, looking toward the front of the machine and showing the improved concave rotation preventing structure applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal section through the crusher, taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a similarly enlarged fragmentary vertical section through the crusher, taken radially along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig.4 is a likewise enlarged fragmentary vertical section through the crusher, taken radially of the crusher axis at the line 44 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is another fragmentary section through the crushing members of the machine, taken along the radial plane represented by the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary top view of the crusher head looking downwardly toward the mantle fastening structure thereof; and

Fig. 7 is a similarly enlarged fragmentary central vertical section through the head and mantle attachment means.

While my invention has been shown and described as having been embodied in a particular style of gyratory reduction crusher of the spring relief type having a substantially spherical crushing head, it is not the intent to thereby unnecessarily restrict the scope, since some of the improved features may obviously be more generally applied.

Referring to the drawings, the improved gyratory crusher shown therein comprises in general an inner gyratory crushing member or head I0 fixedly secured to the upper end of a slightly inclined rotary shaft H and having a substantially spherical shaped protecting mantle I2; an outer normally stationary crushing member or concave I3 resting upon an annular support or ring I4 and having a substantially frustro-conical shaped protecting liner I5 cooperating with the head mantle I2 to form a flaring crushing zone or chamber I6; a main frame I'I supporting the ring I4 for adjustment along the central axis of the crusher to vary the size of the crusher outlet; a series of compression springs I8 coacting with the concave I3 and reacting against an upper fixed member I9 to resiliently urge the concave toward the crushing head; and the usual eccentric and driving mechanism for normally gyrating the head In relative to the concave I3.

The concave I3 and the liner l5 are provided with a central upper inlet opening 23 through which the raw or uncrushed material is normally delivered into the crushing chamber I6, and the concave is provided with a peripheral annular downwardly open recess- 2! which coacts with an annular upper projection 22 formed on the ring I4 to normally retain the concave I3 in position. The annular series of springs I8 coacting with the concave I3 adjacent to the recess 2|, will however permit the concave and its liner I5 to tilt upon or move bodily away from its seating projection, 22 in case uncrushable substance is admitted to the crushing chamber l6; and these springs I8 will automatically return the concave and liner to normal position when the obstruction has been removed from the crushing zone. The upper member I9 against which the springs I8 react, is held in position by a series of heavy parallel bolts 23 and nuts 24, the lower ends of the'bolts 23 being rigidly attached to the con- .cave supporting ring I4 while the nuts 24 serve to vary the tension-of the springs I8 by virtue of their adjustability along the bolts. The ring I4, as previously indicated, is adjustably supported upon the main frame I1, in a well known man- .ner, and is adapted to be firmly locked in adjusted position.

Both the normal crushing forces and the fact that the head In and its supporting shaft II are rotatable about the central head axis when material is being crushed, cooperate to exert forces tending to rotate the concave I3 about the central crusher axis, and unless these latter forces are restrained otherwise than by the springs I8, member I9 and bolts 23, these elements may be subjected to serious damage. I therefore have provided improved structure for transmitting such forces directly from the concave I3 to the concave supporting ring I4 without interfering with the tilting action of the concave relatively to its support. This improved structure is clearly shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, and comprises one or more lugs 25 rigidly attached to or formed integral with the concave I3; one or more reaction blocks 26 rigidly attached to the concave supporting ring l4 by means of the bolts 23; and one or more heavy bars or struts 2'! connecting the lugs 25 with the blocks 2t. Depending upon the direction of normal gyration of the crusher head ID, the rotative tendency of the concave I3 may be in either direction, and I therefore prefer to construct the structure for resisting the 'rotative tendency of the concave, so that it will function for rotation of the crusher in either direotion. While more than one of these assemblages for restraining rotation of the concave may be applied to a large crusher, only one structure is necessary for smaller machines; and each lug 25 is provided with a central hole 28 loosely embracing one of the bolts 23 as shown in Fig. 2, and has tapered sockets 29 in the opposite sides thereof, within which the adjacent ends of the struts 21 are snugly confined. The blocks 26 are preferably of like and interchangeable construction, and each of these blocks is formed to snugly embrace the adjacent bolt 23 and to snugly engage the adjacent periphery of the concave supporting ring I4, being locked in position by set screws 30 as shown in Fig. 4. Each block 26 is also preferably provided with a pair of oppositely disposed tapered sockets 3i for snugly receiving the end of one of the adjacent struts 2'1, and the struts are thus positioned substantially tangent to the outer periphery of the concave I3 and are constantly thus maintained. The assemblage is obviously such that if the concave I3 is forced upwardly away from its supporting ring I4, the central lug 25 may rise and fall without interference by the bolts 23 or struts 21, but thestruts 2! will nevertheless positively prevent relative rotation of the concave l3 and ring I4.

The forces which tend to thus rotate the concave I3, will also tend to rotate the mantle I2 upon the head II), and it is therefore desirable to provide instrumentalities for locking the mantle in place. This I have done by furnishing the improved mantle retaining assemblage of Figs. 5, 6 and 7, wherein the mantle has a tapered central bore 32 which is directly engaged by the periphery of a circular wedge plate 33 which is urged toward the extreme end of the shaft II and toward the head II! by means of a clamping nut 34- which coacts with the plate 33 and with a threaded stud or extension 35 rigidly attached to or formed integral with the upper shaft end. The mantle I2 coacts directly with the head I0 at its periphery, and the plate 33 is locked against rotation relative to the head by means of one or more lugs 33' engaging upper recesses in the head, as shown in Fig. 7. The space between the upper surface of the head I0 and the mantle I2 and plate 33 may be filled with lead or babbitt, and the top of the nut 34 has integral radial projections 36 and is adapted to be engaged by a special socketed wrench for tightening and removal purposes. The depression in the upper central portion of the plate 33, within which the projections 36 of the clamping nut 34 are located, has an annular series of recesses 4!! forming intervening inwardly extending projections as shown in Fig. 6, and this depression is normally filled by a removable cap 38 which has peripheral projections 39 fitting the recesses 40 and is also provided with internal recesses 31 for reception of the nut projections 38. A cap clamping screw 4| coacts with the cap 38 and with the central threaded extension 35 at the upper end of the main shaft I I, to normally hold the cap 38 in place, and it is to be noted that when the cap is in proper position, it not only protects the main clamping nut 34 but also positively locks this nut against rotation relative to the wedge plate 33. Upon removal of the cap retainer screw M, the cap 38 maybe readily removed, whereupon the nut 34 is accessible for manipulation with the special socket wrench.

The normal operation of the crusher and the functioning of both the concave rotation preventing and the mantle locking devices should be clearly apparent from the foregoing detailed description. Both of these improved devices function automatically and without impairing the utility of the crusher, and the asemblages are obviously extremely simple and compact in construction. The structure for preventing rotation of the concave 13, does not in any manner interfere with the normal functioning of the spring release, and this structure may be readily applied to a crusher without much alteration of the crusher structure, By making the concave rotation preventing assemblage double acting, it will function for gyration of the crushing head in either direction, and the similar interchangeable formation of the blocks 26 facilitates construction and assembly. The mantle fastening is likewise simple, compact and durable in construction, and will permit convenient removal and replacement of the handle l2 with minimum effort and loss of time. The several improvements have proven highly successful especially when applied to gyratory reduction crushers of the type shown herein, and will enhance the efiiciency of such machines to a maximum.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit this invention to the precise details of construction or to the exact mode of use, herein shown and described, for various modifications Within the scope of the claims may occur to persons skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head, a normally fixed concave cooperating with said head to form a crushing chamber, a support for said concave, resilient means for urging said concave against said support and toward said chamber, and a strut disposed externally and tangentially of said concave and having its opposite ends hingedly cooperable with said support and said concave, said strut being tiltable to relieve said resilient means from forces tending to rotate said concave and to transmit said forces directly from said concave to said support during flexing of said resilient means.

2. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher hea mounted for free rotation about its own axis, a normally fixed concave surrounding said head and cooperating therewith to form a crushing chamber, a. normally fixed support for said concave, a series of springs for urging said concave against said support and toward said chamber, and a strut disposed'externally and tangentially of said concave and having its opposite ends hingedly cooperable with said support and said concave, said strut being tiltable to relieve said springs from forces tending to rotate said concave and to transmit said forces directly from said concave to said support during flexing of said springs.

3. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head, a normally fixed concave surrounding said head and cooperating therewith to form a crushing chamber, a normally fixed support for said concave, a reaction member carried by said support, said member being spaced from said concave, a series of springs interposed between said member and said concave for constantly urging the latter to- Ward said chamber, and a strut disposed tangentially of the exterior of said concave and having its opposite ends swingably associated with said support and said concave, said strut being tiltable to relieve said springs from forces tending to rotate said concave and to transmit said forces directly from said concave to said support during flexing of said springs.

4. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head, a normally fixed concave cooperating with said head to form a crushing chamber, a support for said concave, resilient means for urging said concave against saidsupport and toward said chamber, and a strut having its opposite ends articulably associated with said concave and said support and being disposed tangentially of the exterior of said concave for preventing rotation of said concave while permitting free movement thereof toward and away from said chamber.

5. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head mounted for free rotation about its own axis, a normally fixed concave surrounding said head and cooperating therewith to form a crushing chamber, a normally fixed support for said concave, a series of springs for urging said concave against said support and toward said chamber, and a strut having its opposite ends articulably associated with said concave and said support and being disposed tangentially of the exterior of said concave for preventing rotation of said concave While permitting free movement thereof toward and away from said chamber during flexing of said springs.

6. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head, a normally fixed concave surrounding said head and cooperating therewith to form a crushing chamber, a normally fixed support for said concave, a reaction member carried by said support, said member being spaced from said concave, a series of springs interposed between said member and said concave for constantly urging the latter toward said chamber, and a strut hav ing its opposite ends hingedly cooperable with 'sockets carried by said concave and said support and being disposed tangentially of the exterior of said concave for preventing relative rotation oi these elements while permitting free movement of said concave toward and away from said member and said chamber during flexing of said springs.

7. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head rotatable about its own axis,a concave cooperatingwith said head to form a crushing chamber, said concave having a peripheral lug and an annular recess beyond said chamber, a support for said concave having a projection normally engaging said recess, springs forurging said concave against said projection, and a strut disposed tangentially of the exterior of said concave and being articulably associated with said lug and with said support for preventing rotation of said concave while permitting free movement thereof away from said chamber during flexing of said springs.

8. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head, a concave cooperating with said head, a support for said concave, a series of upright bolts secured to said support and extending upwardly past said concave, a reaction member secured to the free upper ends of said bolts, a series of springs interposed between said member and said concave, said concave having a socketed lug and one of said bolts having a socketed block thereon, and a strut disposed tangentially of the exterior of said concave and being hingedly coacting with the sockets of said lug and block to prevent rotation of said concave While permitting free tilting thereof.

9. In a crusher, a crushing head, a crushing concave coacting with said head and having a peripheral lug, a support for said concave having upright bolts disposed externally of said concave and along one of which said lug is slidable and relative to which said lug is tiltable, reaction blocks secured to the bolts on opposite sides of lupright bolt loosely penetrating said hole, and

other upright bolts on opposite sides of said central bolt, said bolts being disposed externally of said concave socketed reaction blocks mounted on said other bolts, and a strut articulab-ly associated with the socket of each block and with one of said lug sockets, said struts being disposed externally and tangentially of said concave.

11. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head, a normally fixed concave cooperating with said head to form a crushing chamber, a support for said concave, resilient means-for urging said concave against said support and toward said chamber, and an elongated member disposed externally and tangentially of said concave and having one end hingedlycoacting with said concave and its opposite end hingedly coacting with said support to prevent rotation of said concave while permitting free-movement thereof toward and away from said chamber during flexing of said resilient means.

12. In a crusher, a gyratory crusher head, a normally fixed concave cooperating with said head to form a crushing chamber, a support for said concave, resilient means for urging said concave against said support and toward said chamber, and an elongated rigid member disposed externally of and tangentially relative to said concave and having its opposite ends in direct articulable coaction with said concave and said support.

HARVEY H. RUMPEL.

Images