US2113378A - Electron multiplier - Google Patents

Electron multiplier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2113378A
US2113378A US33996A US3399635A US2113378A US 2113378 A US2113378 A US 2113378A US 33996 A US33996 A US 33996A US 3399635 A US3399635 A US 3399635A US 2113378 A US2113378 A US 2113378A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrodes
electrons
electron
electron multiplier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US33996A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Ernest A Massa
Malter Louis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL46845D priority Critical patent/NL46845C/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US33996A priority patent/US2113378A/en
Priority to GB17695/36A priority patent/GB477347A/en
Priority to DER96994D priority patent/DE767766C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2113378A publication Critical patent/US2113378A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/20—Dynodes consisting of sheet material, e.g. plane, bent

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electric discharge de- ⁇ vices, particularly electron multipliers, and has special reference to improvements in construction of multi-electrode tubes of the type disclosed in copending application Serial No. 4,049 to Louis Malter, namelyd January 30, 1935.
  • Discharge devices of this type are adapted to be ⁇ used as amplifiers, oscillators, modulators and frequency doublers. They are especially useful as direct current amplifiers, radio frequency power amplifiers and as self contained, photo-actuated amplifiers.
  • Figure l is a diagrammatic representation of a multi-electrode photo-sensitive electron multiplier, one of several disclosed in the above-mentioned Malter application.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the lower electrodes of Fig. 1 showing the tendency of the electrons to spill-over the edges of the surfaces of the multiplying electrodes, a condition which the present invention is designed to obviate.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a multi-electrode photo-sensitive electron multiplier showing a unitary electrode and insulating assembly within the tube, with a portion of the tube envelope and of the external magnet broken away to show the elements more clearly.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged side elevation of a portion of the electrode assembly of Fig. 3 showing in detail the combined potential distributing and electrode supporting leads.
  • Fig. 5 is an end elevation of Fig. 4.
  • the gain per stage also depends upon the ability to focus or otherwise coni-lne all of the secondary electrons from one electrode to the next succeeding one. This factor is determined to a large extent upon the adjustment of the magnetic construction provides an electron-multiplier device wherein, by reason of a novel insulating means, the electrons are conned within a predetermined path or area circumscribed by the several electrode surfaces.
  • an electrode assembly including a translucent accelerating electrode designed, positioned and arranged to ensure optimum performance of electron multipliers of the photosensitive type.
  • the improved electrode assembly of the invention may conveniently 'be contained in an elongated evacuated tube T having ⁇ a preferably annular or cylindrical stem S around and through which the stem wires 3I-3'I are sealed. It is to the internally projecting terminals of the stem wires that the electrode leads 2I-2'I are respectively joined, as by welding.
  • the stem wires are shown as terminating externally in the prongs III-41 Y y I blocked by the accelerating electrode.
  • 'I'he set of accelerating electrodes, numbered II,I6 are arranged in spaced relation in a single plane.
  • the electrodes I-S of the lower set are paired with those of the upper set, i. e., theyare similarly arranged in a second, parallel plane.
  • the upper electrode I6 nearest the stem S
  • This extension IGa to the plate I6 is designed to intercept electrons which, if it were not present, might pass through the open end of theassembly without being utilized.
  • This bi-part electrode I6, I6a. is connected to a single lead wire 2'I.
  • each of the lower electrodes with'the exception of the primary emitter I may be operated at a potential corresponding to that of the next preceding upper electrode.
  • each electrode lead with the exception of lead 21 to the anode I6 and vlead ⁇ 2I to the primary emitter I supplies the operating voltages for two electrodes.
  • lead 22A supplies electrodes 2 and II; lead 23, Velectrodes 3 and I2; lead 24, electrodes 4 and I3; lead 25, electrodes5 and I4; and lead 26, electrodes 6 and I5.
  • the connections between electrodes of similar potential and their common lead may conveniently bemade by short terminal rods 2
  • the electron-confining .and electrode-supporting assembly comprises a pair of outwardly extending, oppositely located, parallelly arranged strips A-B of mica or other insulating material. These insulating strips are preferably prefabricated and suitably furnishedd to accommodate the oppositely located bent-over lugs L of the several electrodes. Increased rigidity may be ensured by bending these lugs L over the edges of the insulating strips as indicated in Fig. 5. As clearly shown in Fig. 5, the insulating strips, together with the respective upper and lower sets of electrodes form a conduit for the electrons constituted by a series of box-like containers.
  • the electron conning effect of this conduit is due not alone to the mechanical presence of the insulating side strips A-B but may be accounted for in part at least vby the fact that the inner walls become negatively charged during operation of the device and, being so charged, serve to exert an electrically repellent or space charge effect upon the electrons, directing them inwardly away from the side walls and towards the center of the electrodes.
  • a photo-sensitive surface permits of a more compact and small electrode assemblyi than that practical with the usual thermionic type primary emitter though either may be employed depending to some extent upon the use to which the tube is to be put.
  • One drawback encountered in the operation of photo-sensitive electron multipliers is the difficulty in focusing light from the external modulated light source upon the photosensitive surface.
  • a single magnetic field is preferably employed for concentrating and directing all of the electron streams to the proper target or multiplying electrodes 2 6, whereby the major portion of each secondary electron stream, is utilized and the primary electrons are prevented from being drawn past the targets to impinge directly upon the output electrode.
  • Any convenient means kmay beutilized for establishing a magnetic eld parallel tothe electrode surfaces such for example, asthe device partially shown in perspective in Fig. ⁇ 3.
  • this device is constituted ⁇ by -a U-shape element of magnetically permeable material on which is mounted an energizing coil M and to each upstandng portion of which Vis affixed a ⁇ plate N ⁇ also of permeable material.
  • the tube T is disposed between these plates vin such position that a substantially uniform vmagnetic field is set up parallel to the opposed surfacesof the sets of electrodes.
  • a permanent magnet may be substituted forthe electro-magnet shown. or the tube may be disposed within acoil ⁇ of vwire carrying an electric current.
  • An electron multiplier device comprising ⁇ a sealed container, a plurality of separate electrodes mounted within said container ⁇ and spaced from the walls thereof, said'electrodes having surfaces adapted to liberate electrons by secondary emission, and insulating means for conning said electrons within a predetermined path dened by the boundaries of said surfaces, said insulating means constituting a support for said electrodes.
  • a multi-electrode electron multiplier device comprising an elongated container, a pair of -insulating strips fmountedin ,parallel relation on opposite sides of the long axis .of said container,

Landscapes

  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US33996A 1935-07-31 1935-07-31 Electron multiplier Expired - Lifetime US2113378A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL46845D NL46845C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1935-07-31
US33996A US2113378A (en) 1935-07-31 1935-07-31 Electron multiplier
GB17695/36A GB477347A (en) 1935-07-31 1936-06-25 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
DER96994D DE767766C (de) 1935-07-31 1936-08-01 Sekundaerelektronenvervielfacher mit mehreren hintereinander-geschalteten Vervielfachungsstufen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33996A US2113378A (en) 1935-07-31 1935-07-31 Electron multiplier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2113378A true US2113378A (en) 1938-04-05

Family

ID=21873680

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US33996A Expired - Lifetime US2113378A (en) 1935-07-31 1935-07-31 Electron multiplier

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2113378A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE767766C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB477347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL46845C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004167A (en) * 1958-09-12 1961-10-10 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Nuclear particle discriminators

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL54045C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1938-02-23

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB128431A (en) * 1918-07-12 1919-06-26 Callenders Cable & Const Co Improvements in Fixing and Supporting Devices for Tubes, Electric Wires and the like.
DE407477C (de) * 1920-05-19 1924-12-22 Tri Ergon Akt Ges Elektrodensystem fuer Entladungsroehren
GB230011A (en) * 1924-03-03 1925-08-13 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in electron discharge devices
DE495736C (de) * 1924-03-03 1930-04-10 Gen Electric Elektronenroehre mit einer elektronenaussendenden Kathode, einer Anode, einem Steuergitter und einem Abschirmgitter, die alle gleichachsig angeordnet sind
US1903569A (en) * 1926-09-15 1933-04-11 Kenneth W Jarvis Electron tube
FR768128A (fr) * 1933-02-06 1934-07-31 Telefunken Gmbh Dispositif servant à maintenir les électrodes d'un tube à décharge
FR755136A (fr) * 1933-05-04 1933-11-20 Lampes Sa Perfectionnements aux lampes thermo-ioniques

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004167A (en) * 1958-09-12 1961-10-10 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Nuclear particle discriminators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE767766C (de) 1953-07-06
GB477347A (en) 1937-12-28
NL46845C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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