US2082858A - Coke oven - Google Patents

Description

Jung s, 1937. e. TOTZEK' '2,082,858

l COKE OVEN` f Filed March 3o, 1931 @ngi N @.3

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Patented .-une 8, 1 9???Y UNITED- STATES s aosasss COKE OVEN' Friedrich TotzekpEssen-Stoppenberg, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, `to Koppers Company, a corporation of Delaware Application March 30, 1931, Serial No. 526,222 In `Germany March :31, 1930v 1o claims. (ol.2o2"f+144) Thisinve'ntion consists in improvements in or relating to coke ovens i of the type comprising heating walls having pairs of vertical heating flues which communicate with each other near the top and bottom and of which at any moment one contains ascending and the other descending gases. A 'coke oven' having a heating Waller this construction willbe referredto hereinafter as a coke oven of the type specified.

Gas and` air are supplied for aitime to the bottoni of that heating flueiof a pair) in which burning takes place, while the products of `cornbustion are removed from the bottom of the other heating flue of thesamepair. After axtime the process is reversed and the gases flow in opposite directions.

The object of the communicating passage ben tween the two flues at their lower ends is to enfable burnt gases to pass from the down-flow `flue into the up-ow flue. Such an addition of burnt gases dilutes the mixture of gas and air and results in retardation of combustion and in the formation of a longer 'ii'ame extending up the upflow flue. This is of particular importance when the heating of the oven is effected with rich gas which would otherwise tend to form a very short flame.

It has now been found that this advantageous effect is obtained ina particularly high degree by the present `invention according to which the admission passages for air andlgas` are so situated in relation to the lower opening between pairs of uesthat waste gases from the down-flow flue enter the up-ow flue between the currents of richgas and f air for combustion as they enter the up-flow flue.

Thus, in one construction according to the invention an admission passage for rich gas and an admission `passage for air open into a heating flue at positions spacedapart in a horizontal di rection vparallel with the width of the separating wall sufliciently and widely apart that the llower communication opening isyso situated inrelation tothem as to directrat least a portion of the circulating gas between the streams of rich gas and air issuing from their respectiveadmission passages.

Preferably, a Weak gas (lean fuel-gas) admission passage and an air admission `passage are situated close to one another and/or level with one ano-ther in a horizontal direction parallel to the side ofthe heating walLthat is to say,4 in a direction at right angles to the general plane of the Vdivision wall between the pairs of flues. The `passages for the admissonfof weak gas `(lean fuel-gas)l and air conveniently join before opening into the heating flue so `as to form a mixingV nozzle.

In order that theinvention may be more read ily understood a' specific example thereof will now be described with'referencef to :the accompanying drawing, in which- .Figure lis a longitudinal vertical section (on the linev I-I of Figure 2) through a part of the heatingwall ofafcoke oven embodying the invention; i

Figure 2. is asectional plan Figure 1,.. and i Figure 3 is a section on the line `3--3 of Figure 2. l i

i ,Like `reference numerals indicate like parts in on the line 2 2 'of allfthegures of the drawing.

@The heating fluesare shown :as arranged in pairseachpair comprising afiiue II and a flue I2.` `These uesare separated by a wall I4 having in' itan. opening `I3 .at its upperend and an opening I8 at its lower end. At the bottom of each flue are threeadmission passages, a passage I5 for air, a passage1I6 for `air or 1 weak Vgas and ai passage Il kfor rich gas. The passages Iand I6 are adapted on reversal of the regenerators to serve also as exhaust passages `for waste gas whilethepassagesil remain idle. The passages I5, :I6and I'I .are `therefore,constituted of passages PA adapted during oneregenerator period for `inflow ofl air, PAWG adapted for inow of air or weak gas, and `PG adapted for inflow of rich gas, and passages PWffor; exhaust of waste gas and PI for passages thatzare idle. `On reversal said passages are adaptedz for operation as pas sages constituted as indicated by the legends in dotted lines.

`As illustrated, the oven comprises oven-chambers suchas 20 divided from one another by heating walls each containing fluessuch as II and- I2 i above referred to, and regenerators situated below the oven-chambers each dividedinto halves 2| and 22by a'central partition wall23` running the Whole length of the `oven battery transverse to the lengths of the respective.oven-chambers;

`At any moment all the regenerators on one side of this wall 23 are servingto preheat air or weakigas while `all those on'the other side are beingiheated by exhaust gases.-` When heating with preheated weak gas the latter is supplied to alternate regenerators on one side of the wall 23 while air is supplied to the `remaining regenerators. on the same side of this wall. Thus, each heating flue is connected so as to be supplied fromvor -to exhaust into two adjacent regenerators. As shown clearly in the drawing, the flues I2 are each supplied directly from two adjacent regenerators 2I through the passages I5 and I6. The iiues I2 in the right half of the heating wall are supplied from the same pair of regenerators 2| by means of extension passageways 2t communicating with their respective regenerators 2I and lying above the companion regenerators 22. Similarly, the nues II communicate, through passages I5, I 6 with adjacent regenerators 22, those on the right half of the heating wall communicating directly with the regenerator-chambers, while those on the left communicate with the same regenerators 22 by means of branch passages 25 leading from the regenerators 22 and lying above the companion regenerators 2l. g

'I'he rich gas is supplied by means of conduits 26 with which the passages I'I are in communication. Each conduit 26 is of course connected to a rich gas main, diagrammatically indicated at 26 in Fig. 2.

In operation, gas and air are 4admitted through the passages at the bottom of one set of ues,

. say I I, for a time. 'As they ascend in these flues they burn and the products of combustion pass over into the other companion ilues I2 through the upper openings I3. The gases travel down through the iiues I2 and out through passages I5 and Iii at the bottoms of those nues. After a time the gas currents are reversed and .gases for combustion are supplied to and rise in the fiues I2 while products of combustion descend the flues I I.

The fact that buring gases, in what is for the time being the up-flow lues--say II-are hotter and, therefore, lighter, than the products of cornbustion in the down-flow flues I2 causes a circulation of waste gases to take place from the bottoms of the down-flow flues through the lower communication openings I8 in the bottoms of the up-iiow flues.

As shown most clearly in Figure 2, the admission passages I5 and I6 are situated close together and level with one another in a horizontal direction parallel to the length of a heating wall. Moreover, as shown in Figure l, these two passages join one another in pairs before opening into the soles of the heating lues and thus constitute mixing nozzles in which, when the flues are to be heated by means of weak gas, weak gas preheated in alternate regenerator chambers, and air preheated in the intermediate regenerator-chambers on one side of the partition wall 23, may meet and commence to burn (in up-iiow ues) before mixing with'waste gases (from adjacent down-flow ues) enteringthrough lower openings I8. Thus, the latter gases do not substantially retard the combustion of the weak or lean gas which in any case burns with a relatively long flame and results in more or less uniform heating of the flues.

When employing rich gas to heat the oven, the gas is introduced through passages I'I while air preheated now in all the regenerator-chambers on one side of the wall 23 will enter through both openings I5 and I6 of each pair.

As can be seen clearly from Figure 2, the passages I'I are separated apart widely from the passages I5 and I6 in a horizontal direction parallel to the width of the separating wall I4. Thus, the waste gas circulating through each of the lower communication openings I8 flows between the streams of richgas and air and retards their intermixing and hence their burning thereby greatly lengthening what otherwise would be a short hot ame.

It will be appreciated that the details of construction may be modified in many ways. For example, the admission passages need not necessarily open into the bottom of the heating ue but might be arranged in some other part of the heating ue walls of which the sole is to be taken as one example.

I claim:

1. A coke oven having combustion iiues with circulating gas passages communicating with the ilues through inlet and outlet openings therefor for circulation of gases through the respective flues, each flue having two inlet ports for admission of air and rich gas to the ues so situated in relation to the inlet openings for the lues that circulating gas passing through the inlet opening of a iiue may be directed into the latter between the currents that may issue from the respective inlet ports into the ue for inflow of rich gas and air, the rich gas main communicating with its rich gas port and having no other communication with the stack or oven.

2. A coke oven having combustion ues with circulating gas passages communicating with the iiues through inlet and outlet openings therefor for circulation of gases through the respective lues, each flue having three inlet ports for admission of air and rich gas or air and Weak gas to the lues, the air and rich gas ports being so situated in relation to the inlet openings for the flues and to each other that circulating gas passing through the inlet opening of a iiue may be directed into the latter between currents that may issue from the respective inlet ports into the fiue for inflow of rich gas and air, and the weak gas and air inlet ports for each of the nues being situated relative tothe inlet opening of the flue and joining one another before opening into the ue to form a mixing nozzle whereby currents that may issue separately and simultaneously through the inlet ports for weak gas and air meet in the nozzles before meeting gas issuing into the flue from the inlet opening.

3. A coke oven having combustion flues operatively disposed in two sets operable for simultaneous inflow combustion and outow of combustion products in alternation with each other and with inlet and outlet openings communicating the ues of said two sets for circulation of combustion vproducts through the respective flues, each flue having at least two inlet ports for separate and simultaneous admission of air and rich gas to the iiues scsituated in relation to the inlet openings for the flues that circulating gas passing through the inlet opening of a flue may be directed into the latter between the inlet ports for admission of air and rich gas, the rich gas main communicating with its rich gas port and having no other communication with the stack or oven.

4. A coke oven having combustion ues operatively disposed in two sets operable for simultaneous inflow combustion and outflow of combustion products in alternation with each other and with inlet and outlet openings communicating the ues of said two sets for circulation of combustion products through the respective fiues. each flue having three inlet ports for optional separate and simultaneous admission of air and rich gas or separate and simultaneous feeding of air and weak gas to the flues, the air and rich gas ports being so situated in relation to the inlet openings for the flues and to each other that circulating gas' passing from ailue' of one of the sets through the inlet opening of a flue of the other set may be directed into the latter between the inlet ports for admission of rich gas and 5 air into the flue, and the weak gas and air inlet ports for each of the flues being situated relative to the inlet opening of the flue and joining one another before opening into the ue to form a mixing nozzle whereby weak gas and air from the inlet ports therefor will meet in the nozzle before meeting gas issuing into the flue from the inlet opening.

5. A coke oven ofthe type specified having vertical heating flues therefor operatively disposed l5 in pairs operable concurrently for upflow combustion and downow of combustion products in alternation with each other, with upper and lower openings in a'wall separating the flues of a pair at the upper and lower parts of the paired flues for communicably connecting the flues of a pair with each other for circulating gaseous combustion products from the upper part of each flue of a pair when operated for upflow to the upper part of the other flue of the pair and thence from the lower part of said other flue into the lower part of the ue of the pair operated for concurrent upiiow, and `having rich fuel gas and air inlet ports for inflow of air and of unpreheated rich fuel gas to each flue of each pair, the air and rich fuel gas ports for eachflue of a pair being so situated in relation to each other and tothe lower opening between the pair of fiues that `the circulating gaseous combustion products when passing from each flue of a pair 3v when operated for downflow into the other flue of the pair will be directed into the flue, operated for concurrent upflow, between the currentsthat may issue simultaneously from the rich fuel gas and air inlet ports, the rich gas main communieating with its rich gas port and having no other communication with the stack or oven.

6. A coke oven of the type specified having vertical heating flues therefor operatively disposed in pairs operable concurrently for upflow combustion and downilow of combustion products in alternation with each other, with upper and lower openings ina wall separating the flues of a pair at the upper and lower parts of the paired flues for communicably connecting the flues of a pair with each other for circulating gaseous combustion products from the upper part of each flue of a pair when operated for upf'low to the upper part of the other ilue of the pair and thence from the lower part of sai-d other flue into the lower part of the flue of the pair operated for concurrent upflow, and having rich fuel gas and air inlet ports for inflow of air and p of unpreheated rich fuel gas to each fiue of each pair opening into their respective heating flues at positions spaced sufliciently vnde apart in a horizontal direction parallel with the width of the wall separating the flues of the pair and the air and rich fuel gas ports for each flue of a pair being so situated in relation to each other and to the lower opening between the pair of flues that at least a portion of the circulating gaseous combustion products when passing from each flue of a pair when operated for downflow into the other ue of the pair will be directed into the flue,

operated for concurrent upflow, between the currents that may issue simultaneously from the rich fuel gas and air inlet ports, the rich gas main communicating with its rich gas port and having no other communication with the stack or oven.

'7. A regenerative coke oven of the type specified having verticalheating lues therefor operatively disposed in pairs operable concurrently for upflow combustion and downflow of combustion products in alternation with each other, with upper and lower openings in a wall separating the vflues of a pair at the upper and lower parts of the paired flues for communicably connecting the fiues of a pair with each other forlcirculating gaseous combustion products from the upper part `offeach flue of a pair when operated for upiiow to the upper part of the other flue of the pair andthence from the lower part of said other flue into the lower part of the flue of the pair operated for concurrent upow, and having rich fuel gas, regenerator air and optionally operable regenerator fuel gas inlet ports for firing each flue of each pairloptionally with unpreheated fuel gas or regeneratively preheated fuel gas, the regenerator air and rich fuel gas inlet ports for each flue of a pair being so situated in relation to each other and to the lower opening between the pair of iiues that the circulating gaseous combustion products when passing from each flue of a pair when operated for downflow into the other flue Vof the pair will be directed into the flue, operated for concurrent upflow, between the currentsl that may issue concurrently from the rich fuel gasand regenerator air inlet ports, and the regenerator fuel gas and regenerator air inlet ports for each flue of a pair being so situated close to one another and in relation to the loweropening that circulatory gas from the flues when operated for downflow will not enter the ue, operated concurrently for upflow, between currents that may issue simultaneously from the regenerator air and regenerator fuel gas inlet ports.

8. A regenerative coke oven of the type specied having vertical heating flues therefor operatively disposed in pairs operable concurrently for upflow combustion and downflow of combustion products in alternation with each other, with upper and lower openings in a wall separating the lues of a pair at the upper and lower parts of the paired flues for communicably connecting the fiues of a pair with each other for circulating gaseous combustion products from the upper part of each flue of a pair when operated for upflow to the upper part of the other flue of the pair and thence from the lower part of said other flue into the lower part of the flue of the pair operated for concurrent upow, and having rich fuel gas, regenerator air and optionally operable regenerator fuel gas inlet ports for ring each flue of each pair optionally with unpreheated fuel gas or regeneratively preheated fuel gas, the regenerator air and rich fuel gas inlet ports for each flue of a pair being so situated in relation to each other and to the lower opening between the pair of iiues that the circulating gaseous combustion products when passing from each ue of a pair when operated for downow into the other flue of the pair will be directed into the flue, operated for concurrent upflow, between the currents that may issue concurrently from the rich fuel gas and regenerator air inlet ports, and the regenerator fuel gas and regenerator air inlet ports for each flue of a pair being situated relative to the lower opening and joining one another to form a mixing nozzle so as to mix fuel gas and air before discharge into that portion of the ue where the lower opening discharges.

9. A regenerative coke oven of the type specified having vertical heating flues therefor operatively disposed in pairs operable concurrently for upow combustion and downflow of combustion products in alternation with each other, with upper and lower openings in a wall separating the flues of a pair at the upper and lower parts of the paired ues for communicably connecting the lues of a pair with each other for circulating gaseous combustion products from the upper part of each flue of a pair when operated for upflow to the upper part of the other flue of the pair and thence from the lower part of said other flue into the lower part of the flue of the pair operated for concurrent upflow, each ue having rich fuel gas, regenerator air and optionally operable regenerator air and fuel gas passage with inlet ports for firing each flue of each pair optionally with unpreheated fuel gas or regeneratively preheated fuel gas, the regenerator air and rich fuel gas inlet ports for each flue of a pair being so situated in relation to each other and to the lower opening between the pair of ues that the circulating gaseous combustion products when passing from each flue of a pair when operated for downiiow into the other iiue of the pair will be directed into the ue, operated for concurrent upflow, between the currents that may issue concurrently from the rich fuel gas and regenerator air inlet ports, and the regenerator fuel gas and regenerator air inlet ports for each flue of a pair being so situated in relation to one another and to the lower opening that circulating gas passing through the lower opening from each ue of a pair when operated for downiiow will not be directed into the other ue of the pair between the currents that may issue simultaneously from the regenerator fuel gas and regenerator air inlet ports for the ue, operated for upow, and the regenerator fuel gas and regenerator air inlet ports for each flue of each pair being arranged in relation to the lower openings of the flues of each pair so that the regenerator fuel gas inlet port for each flue is situated between the regenerator air inlet port thereto and the lower opening.

10. A coke oven battery comprising, in combination: a series of alternate coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row; two series of regenerators situated below the oven separated by a wall longitudinally of the battery and operable for concurrent inflow preheating and outflow of waste gas in alternation with each other; each of said heating walls comprising a row of vertical hairpin-combustion flues, the two limbs of each hairpin-flue being operable for concurrent upow combustion and downlow of combustion products in alternation with each other, there being hairpin ilues along portions of the coking chambers on opposite sides of the separating wall; extension passageway means extending from each regenerator between the upper portion of a regenerator of the other series and the levels of the bottoms of the flues in the portion of the oven above said series; one limb of each of the aforesaid hairpin flues communicating at its lower end directly with a regenerator of the series on the same side of the battery that the hairpin flue is on and the other limb of each hairpin flue communicating at its lower end through an extension passageway with a regenerator of the other series; each of said hairpin iiues having upper and lower openings in their upper and lower parts for communicably connecting the two limbs of ea-ch hairpin flue with each other for flo-w of waste gas from each limb at its upper part, when operable for uplow combustion, to the other limb, operable concurrently for downflow of combustion products, at its upper part, and for recirculation of part of the waste gas from the lower part of the limb operable for downflow of combustion products into the lower part of the limb operable for concurrent upiiow combustion.

FRIEDRICH TOTZEK.

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