US2003565A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

June 4, 1935. J, VAN ACKEREN 2,003,565 f COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March l0', 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet l June 4, 1935. J. VAN ACKREN COKING RETORT OVEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March l0, 1931 INVENTOR.

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J. VAN AcKl-:REN 2,003,565 COKINGRETORT OVEN Filed March 1o, 1951 4 shew-sheet s /l f//f /l/l/ l V ww-LV A FE d] June 4, 1935.

.L V J r June 4, 1935. J. VAN ACKEREN 2,003,565

COKING RETORT OVEN File-d March lO, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 BYIr Patented June 4, 1935 UNirED STA-rss outfits ooKING RETORT o'vEN `loseph van Ackeren, OHara Township, Allegheny County, Pa., assigner to TheiKoppers Company of Delaware, a corporation of Delaware Application March 10,

l2 Claims.

My invention relates to ycoking, retort ovens and particularly to regenerator arrangements.

It is an object of the present invention to provide regenerators that are so arranged and `connected as to substantially prevent any leakage between regenerators carrying fuel gas and regenerators carrying waste gases. v

It is a further object of my invention to provide fuel gas Vregenerators that are so isolated from wastel gas regenerators by meansof air re- 'generators and passageways in series therewith that counterflowbetween fuel gas'regenerators and waste gas regeneratorsis substantially prevented. i '1 y My invention is particularly adapted to be employed in connection with coking retort ovens of the type in whichthe flame flues ,of the heating walls are connected at their tops in pairs for operation in lseries in reverse directions alternately. The fines arranged in this manner are sometimes designated as hairpin fiues. My invention, however, is notn necessarily limited to naine flues of this particular type.

IIn the coke oven of rnynvention, I may also connect the bottom portions of the members of 'the respective pairs of flame iiues in order that, Y

pose of diluting the fuel gases andthus elon-V gating the llames` of vco'mbustion.` viIt, will `-be appreciated that this arrangement of the` fiues permits the construction of oven clfamb'eisV of relatively great height since the elongation of the flames of combustion' vrenders'th'e heating of the charge in the oven chambers Vsubstantially uniform throughout their height.

An important feature of mypre'sent invention is the provision of regenerators beneath the oven chambers and the heating walls that areso arranged and connected as to substantially preventA counterflow between regenerators-carrying fuel gas and those carryingwaste gases. The regenerators are preferably arranged ingroups that are adapted for operation as Vinflow. and outflow regenerators alternately. Each group of regenerators comprises an intermediate regenerator having on one side thereof a second re- 'generator and on the other side a slot or passage- 1931, serial' No. 521,406

(o1. 2oz-14s) between thefuel gas regenerator and adjacent outflow regenerators carrying ,waste gases.

`In addition'to the foregoing arrangement` for supplying the flame flues with lean gas `and air, ,richigas' may be suppliedthrough .vertical gas guns, the battery being of the underburner type in'which the various connections for rich gas are accessible to the operator. I Reference may nowjb'e had to the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure .1 is a ViewV in transverse vertical section of a coke-oven battery 'embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a View in longitudinal vertical section ofthe battery of Fig, 1 'andtaken on lines C-C and D-Dof Fig. 1; t

Fig. v3 is a view in horizontal sectiontaken on line 11i-.III of Fig. 2; Y Fig. 4 isI a'fragmentary View, taken on line Hf-IV of Fig.,2; j

Fig. 5 is anenlarged detail view in transverse vertical section, taken on line V-V of Fig.l.3; and Y Y Fig.- 6 is a fragmentary enlarged View taken in Vertical section on line VIe-VI of Fig.2. Referring tothe drawings, a coke-oven battery I comprises a series of horizontal oven chambersl, which alternate with heating walls 3 therefor. The vbattery is provided Vwith a top 4 having vcharging holes 5 extending therethrough, by means Aof which the oven` chambers 2 may be charged with coal Beneath the oven chambers 2' and heating Walls 3 is horizontal brickwork 6',`which"separates the oven chambers and heating walls from two rows of crosswise regenerators 1 and 8. j l

Each rowof regenerators extends substantially half the` width lof' the battery.` The battery structure is supported upon a; foundation vcomprising a pad 9, pillars IQ and `a base I I which may be of concrete. This arrangement provides passageways forconvenient access to the bottom portion of the battery structure.

The regenerators 'I are each providedwith a sole flue I2, whichv is connected through a side' which connects two regeneratorsk Y in endwise. alinement but doesfnot extend through the side walls I3 of the battery.

The regenerators, with the exception of two Y at each' end of the battery,jarei preferablyarranged in groups. Each group comprises a regenerator I having on one side thereof a regenerator 8. On the other side of the regenerator I is a narrow slot or passageway I6 extending the entire width of the battery. Each slot I6 may be regarded as'in effect two slots, each of which is substantially coextensive in length and in height with the regenerators 1 and 8 and which is connected in series with a; regenerator 3.

Each slot I Ii is provided4 with a sole flue II, the ends of which extend through the respective side walls I3 of the battery, and are provided with the usual reversing boxes I4. Each slot I6 extends through a partition wall I8, which extends longitudinally of the battery for Separating the rows of regenerators, and is connected to the regenerators 8l in series therewith by means of a duct 20 within the partition wall I8 and connected to the conununicating flue I5 of two regenerators 8 in endwi'se alinement.

Fuel gas, such as producer gas, is supplied for combustion in the heating walls 3 by means of gas mains 2.2 that are connected through suitable valves 23 to the sole iiues`I2 of the regenerators 1 in each group. Coke-oven gas, when employed as a fuel, is supplied by ya main 24j, headers 25 and vertical gas guns26` that extend between the regenerator groups and through the horizontal brickwork' 6. Waste gases or gases of combustion pass through the several sole'ues of the outflow regeneratorsand.connected slots I6 and into a waste-gas main 21 on each side of the battery and whichmay be connected to the usual stack.

As shown in Fig; l, each heating wall 3 is provided with a series of vertical flame fiues 28 that are connected in pairs at their tops by ducts 29 for operation in series. `The flues of each pair are also connected at the bottom by ai'duct 30 in order to permit the recirculation of a portion of the wastev gases. The number of the vertical flues may be as desired, fourteen being shown in each 'heating wall by way of example.

Each of the regenerators 1 and 8 is connected to'members of half the pairs of flame flues of two heating walls by means of inclined ducts 3|. There is an exception, however, in the case of the two smaller regenerators 32 in each row at each end of the battery in that they are each connected to the name fluesA of a single heating generators 32, as the case may be.

It may be assumed that the battery Iv is operatingv with'producer gas as, a fuel, in which case producer gas is'supplied by the gas mains 22 through the reversing boxesV I4 tothe solefflues I2 of the corresponding inflow. regenerators I and 32@ Air 'flows through reversing boxes I4 connected to the slots I6 .and through theducts 20 tothe inflow regenerators 8 in series therewith. Air also fiowsthrough one of each pair of regenerators 32 when they loperate as inflow regenerators. Combustion occurs in one member` of each pair of ame flues in each of the heating walls and gases of combustion pass downwardly Vin the other member of the pair.

A portion of the waste gases passes through each duct 30V and is recirculated in the ame flue in which combustion occurs while the remaining portion passes out throughinclined ducts 3| to the outflow regenerators and their connections tothe waste-gasmains 21,. The Adirection of flow ofv gases inY the, several regenerators may be as indicatiedby the upper rowsof arrowsandlegends Each flame flue 28 is connected to a rea generator 1 and a regenerator 8 or to two rej- Y in Fig. 2, in which the legends G, A and WG represent fuel gas, air and waste gases, respectively.

During this operation, each fuel gas regenerator I has, on one side thereof, an air regenerator 8 and, on the other side thereof, the slot I6, which is in series with the air regenerators. Accordingly, each fuel gas regenerator is substantially enclosed between an air regenerator and a slot for carrying air whereby counterflow between fuel gas regenerators and waste-gas regenerators is effectually prevented.

When the operation of the battery is reversed, as occurs periodically, the inflow regenerators becomev outflow regenerators and waste gases traverse the regenerators, together with the slot IE, in series with one of them. In a similar manner, the groups of outflow regenerators and connected slots become iniiow regenerators and operate in the manner described above.

The directions of iiow are now those indicated by the lower rows of arrows and legends in Fig. 2. The inflow regenerators have the same relations as those described above for the previous reversal period.

As clearly shown in Fig. 2, expansion joints 34 extend downwardly from the bottoms of the oven chambers 2 and `are connected to the tops of the slots I6. The expansion joints 34 also extend from the vbottoms of the'sole iluesI'I to the bottom of the battery. The expansion joints are filled with rock wool. The foregoing arrangement permits 'the necessaryrelative movement but tends', to prevent any leakage along the joints by reasonY o-f Vpressure vdifferentials between various parts to which the joints are connected.

' The arrangement of the regenerators and their connections in the manner described above possesses several advantages. It is highly important to prevent leakage between fuel gas regenerators and this is accomplished by placing air spaces, one of which may be a regenerator on opposite sides'of the fuel gas regenerators.

The slot or passageway that is in series with certain ofthe regenerators provides means for additionally preheating air by reason of its relativelyv long path through the battery structure before it is received by the communicating flue for the air regenerators. The slots may be relatively narrow and, accordingly, occupy relatively little space.

The slots which extend transversely of the battery and parallel with the oven chambers and heating walls aiforda convenient means for connecting the expansion joints that are connected to the bottoms of the oven chambers. 'I'his arrangement insures that any leakage that might occur either along theY expansion joints or through the walls in which the slots are located would not cause any mixture of fuel gas and waste gases.

While arelatively few oven chambers andV heating walls have been shown and described, it will be appreciated that their number may be vsuch as desired without departing from the principles of construction and operation of the coke oven of my invention.

I claim as my invention:

l. Coke-oven structure comprising a series of combustion heating flues therefor and regenerators communicating therewith, said regenerators being arranged side-by-side in a horizontal row and in side-by-side groups adapted tol operate for inflow of combustionmedia and concurrent outflow of waste gas in alternation with each other, each group. comprising two regeneratorsside-byvside communicably connected to the flueffor simultaneous deliveryof'a gas to the same flame flueand a passageway'on one side of'the group and substantially co-etensive'with the regenerator contiguous thereto inthe group in'leng'th and in height and communicating in series with the other'regenerator of the group inthe order, passageway, regenerator, "combustion flue, rthe passageways of each of said groups being interposed ibetween adjacent regenerators 'of' contiguous groups of regenerators; i

2. Coke-oven structure comprising a'series of combustion heating `flues therefor and regenerators communicating therewith, vsaid regenerators being arranged side-by-side in a horizontal row and in lside-by-sidefgroups each group being composed of two regenerators'side-by-sideand Vthe other regenerator to the combustion flues communicating therewith while another group at the other side of the passageway'concurrently conveys waste gases from combustion flues. n

3. Coking retort oven structure comprising a series of combustion heating flues therefor and means for supplying fuelgas and air thereto and for concurrently conducting waste gasesl therefrom, said means comprising side-by-side regenerators communicating with said combustion flues and in groups that are arranged side-by-side for simultaneous inflow of fuel gas and air and outflow of waste gas with a regenerator for Yfuel gas in each* group next to a next adjacent group of regenerators, and passageways for air between adjoining regenerators of side-by-side groups that are adaptedfor simultaneously conducting fuel gas and waste gases-respectively, said passageways being adapted to interrupt Vjoints through which leakage-may be induced frominflow to outflow regenerators by" pressure differential therebetween and thereby'prevent Asuch leakage and communicably connected in series for/flow of `air through the passageways to regenerators operable for inflow of air simultaneouslywith operation of the adjaeentfuel gas' regerierator for inflow of fuel gas.v

4. Coking retort oven structure comprising a series of combustion heating ues therefor, and means for supplying combustible media thereto, said means comprising a regenerator for conveying fuel gas, a regenerator for simultaneously conveying air adjoining the fuel gas regenerator on one side thereof, and a passageway for air on the other side of the fuel gas regenerator adapted to interrupt joints through which leakage may be induced from inflow to outflow regenerators by pressure differential therebetween and thereby prevent such leakage and communicating in series with the air regenerator and the atmosphere for air infiow through the passageway to the air regenerator and thence to the combustion flues in communication with the air regenerator during inflow of fuel gas through the fuel gas regenerator.

5. Coking retort oven structure comprising a series of combustion heating flues therefor, a series of side-by-side regenerators communicating therewith, said regenerators being in side-by- Vside groups of 'twoand the regenerators of certain of 'said groups being adapted for supplying air and fuel gas separately and simultaneously to said, flues' while' other adjacent groups 'are Aa'claptkzd" to conduct'wa'stegases therefrom concurrently, and a passageway for conducting air between adjoining regenerators which are 'adapted to concurrently conduct fuel gas and waste gases,

respectively, and thenceV to an air regenerator v communicating in series with the passageway and Voperable! for inflow of air simultaneously withthe concurrent operation'of said adjoining regenerators for conducting fuel lgas* and waste gas concurrently, whereby leakage between said ad- V'joining regeneratorsV is avoided.

"6L 'Coking retort oven structure comprising a heating wall 4having'a' series of vertical combustion fiues therefor, aseries of side-by-side re'- generators each' of which extends parallel to said heating wall and communicating with said heativing flues, saidV regenerators being operatively disposedin, side-by-'side groups each group comprising a lpairof regenerators, and the side-by-side groups being operable in alternation with each other for concurrent inflow and outflow, passageways between adjoining regenerators of the sideby-side groups, and of vertical height substantiallyrequal thereto, each of said passagevfays being communicably connected in series with a regeneratorfwhich constitutes one of the adjacent groups'but which is not adjoining that passageway, for flow through the passageways of air `between adjacent groups of regenerators and then into the regenerators inlseries with the passageways. A

7. Coking `retort oven structure comprising combustion chambers therefor, two rows of side- 'by-side parallel horizontally extending regenerators communicating therewith, a vertical dividing wall between 'said two rows and extending #transversely of said regenerators, the regenerators of eachrow being operatively disposed in two sets for inflow preheating of gaseous combustion mediaand. concurrent outflow of waste Agases in alternation', with eachother, the regenerators' of one set alternating yposition with those o'f the other set inthe same row, passageways parallel to the regenerators of said rows and betweenregenerators of the Vtwo sets that adjoin each other side-by-side in said rows sub- .stantially vcoextensivein length and height with aregenerator that Vis contiguous'thereto/and com,- mmunicating throughfducts in'said vertical wall with regenerators not adjoining passageways thus connected thereto.

8. Coke-oven structure comprising combustion chambers therefor, side-by-side groups of sideby-side regenerators communicating with said combustion chambers, the side-by-side groups being adapted for simultaneous inflow to and outow from said combustion chambers in alternation with each other, each of said groups comprising a regenerator adapted to convey fuel gas during inow operation, means providing spaces adapted to be filled with air on one side of each group lbetween the fuel gas yregenerator of the group and the next adjacent group of regenerators, each group also comprising a regenerator adapted to conduct air to the combustion chambers and communicating with said space of the group for inflow of air in series therefrom.

9. Coke-oven structure comprising heating walls therefor having vertical flame ilues, sideby-side groups of side-by-side regenerators in series with said flame ues and adjacent groups being adapted to operate in alternation with each other for Vconcurrent inflow to and outflow from said fiues, each of said groups comprising a' regenerator adapted to convey fuel gas during inflow operation, and means comprising a regenerator for providing air spaces on opposite sides of the fuel gasregenerator of the group between the latter and the next adjacent group of regenerators to prevent leakage between the fuel gas regenerator and outflow regenerators, said last mentioned means communicating for flow of air from the space on one side to thel air space on the opposite side of the fuel"gas1regenerators and thence to the vertical flame flues.

10. Coke-oven structure comprising a heating wall therefor having a series of vertical Aflame flues operatively disposed in two sets operable in alternation with each other for simultaneous inflow of combustion media and outflow'of combustion products to and from eachother, two sets of side-by-side regenerators communicating with said flame flues and adapted for alternate inflow to and concurrent outflow from said'flues, cer.- tain of the regenerators of each set being adapted to convey fuel gas during inflow operation,A the regenerators of said two sets of regenerators being disposed in side-by-side groupsof alternating inflow and outflow groups, and each group when operable for inflow comprising at least one of said fuel gas regenerators and means comprising aregenerator` for conveying air to the flame flues and a passageway in series therewith for feeding air to the regenerator for conveying air to the flame flueskwith the regenerators for air on one side and the passageways disposed on theropposite side of the fuel gas regenerators of the inflow groups so as to providerfor air ilowuvbetween fuel gas regenerators of the respective inflow groups and the next adjacent groups of outflow'regenf erators for preventing leakage between said fuel gas regenerators and said outflow regenerators.

1l. A coke oven batterycomprising a'seriesk of alternate horizontal ovenchambersand heating walls therefor arranged side-by-'side in ,a row, each of said heating walls being provided with vertical flame flues, said oven chambers and said heating walls extending transverselyA of the battery, regenerators side-by-side beneath and parallel to said oven chambers and said'heating walls and communicating with said flame flues, said regenerators being in two rows'later'ally of each other and each row being of a width substantially half the width ofy the battery, and a vertical wall extending between said rows,`the re- ,generatorsin'each row being operatively disposed in two sets of groupsl operable inv alternation with eachother for conourren'tinflow to and outflow fromthe verticalv flueswith the groups of one set alternating in position side-by-side with the groups of the other set, and each group when operable foninflow comprising a regenerator for inflow of air'to ,flame flues communicating therewith, a passageway= communicating in series with the air regenerator Vand adapted for feeding air to' said regenerator for inflow of air, and a regenerator adapted for fuel gas inflow to flame flues communicating therewith separately and simultaneously with air flow in the passageway and regenerator for air, the regenerators for fuel gasof the inflow groups lying between the passageway and air regenerator that is in series therewith of said inflow groups, each of the passag'eways of said groups being co-extensive in length and height with the fuel gas regenerators so lying.'

12. A coke-oven battery comprising a series of alternate horizontal oven chambers and heating walls Vtherefor arranged side-by-side in a row, each of said heating walls being provided with vertical flame flues, said oven chambers and said heating walls extending transversely of the battery, regenerators side-by-side beneath and parallel `to'said oven chambers and saidk heating walls andrcommunicating with said flame flues, said regenerators being in two rows laterally of each other and each row having a width transversely of the battery that is substantially half the width of the battery, and a Vertical wall extending between said rows, the regenerators in each row being operatively disposed in two sets of groups with the groups of one set alternating in position side-by-side with those of the other set andu operable in alternation with the groups of the other set for concurrent inflow and outflow, and each groupv comprising a regenerator and a parallel passageway substantially co-extensive therewith in length and height and communicating with said regenerator through a duct in said vertical wall andl a second regenerator bel tween said passageway and the first regenerator, and thesecond regenerator in each group being separated from the regenerator of the next group Vby said passageway, the second regenerator when operable' for inflow being adapted to conduct fuel gas and the first regenerator and its passageway being adapted to conduct air separately and simultaneously;

' JOSEPH'VAN ACKEREN.

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