US1756235A

US1756235A - Coking retort oven

Info

Publication number: US1756235A
Application number: US620582A
Authority: US
Inventors: Becker Joseph
Original assignee: Koppers Co Inc
Current assignee: Beazer East Inc; Koppers Co of Delaware
Priority date: 1923-02-23
Filing date: 1923-02-23
Publication date: 1930-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 1947-04-29

Description

pri 29, 1930.. J. BECKER COKING RETORT OVEN Filed Feb. 23,l 1923 sheets-sheet Ol, ZOFUMW Y Patentedpr. 29, 19310. i'

Cil

JOSEPH BECKER, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIeNoR To THE KOPPERS 00M- PANY, oF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA COKING BETORT OVEN Application led February 23, 1923. Serial No. 620,582.

This invention comprehends improvements of general utility in the coking retort oven art; and also comprehends certain improvements especially applicable to coking retort ovens of the well known cross-regenerative type exemplified in the patent to H. Koppers No. 818,033, dated JSgpril 17, 1906, and in my prior Letters Patent of the United States No. 1,374,546, for coking retort oven, dated April 12, 1921.

The inventionhas for objects the provision of a coking retort oven embodying the crossover oven principle exemplified in my prior patent above mentioned in a coke oven employing as fuel its own gas of distillation. Important characteristics of the invention are: a fiue construction that permits a considerable reduction not only in the length but also in the cross 'sectional dimensions of the horizontal or-bus flues located at th-e top of the vertical flame flues andconnecting a plurality of the latter with each other; and, as arfeature vthat may be secured by the above structural improvements, a novel system of control of the flow through the flame flues of the heating walls, permittingr flow in the same direction through all the flame iiues of each heatingwall, with the result that all the flame flues of each heating wall are either simultaneously burning or simultaneously operating as downflow flues for carrying away the Waste to outflow operating regenerators. Tit-h regard to the novel lue construction, for example, a plurality of horizontal flues in each heating wall may be substituted for the usual single horizontal flue which extends from end to end of the heating wall. Vith a number of separate horizontal flues, each yhorizontal flue need communicate with only part, in the'present instance about one-fifth of the total number of fluesof the heating wall and consequently the dimensions of each flue may be considerably decreased because ofthe 'consequent reduction in the volume of flow which must be maintained through the horizontal flue. The above stated reduction in sizeof the horizontal flues is an important advantage for the reason that it enables a considerable thickening and strengthening of the walls of the oven structure in the region of the horizontal flues. Moreover, the improved lue construction permits an increase in the height of the flame flues, with a corresponding increase in the height of the coking chambers so that the latter may be made narrower in width, a development greatly facilitating the coking of high volatile coals, and yet having adequate provision for taking care of the increased volume of combustion product-s, without making it necessary to enlarge the horizontal flue dimensions `to sizes inconsistent with adequate strength of theI wall construction in the region of such iues.

In addition to the objects recited above, the invention ha i for other objects such other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as are foundI to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described 4 or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and 'showing for purposes of exemplification, preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practised, but without limiting the claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a crosswise vvertical section through a coke oven battery embodying features above specified and equipped with the improvements of the present invention, the View being taken longitudinally through a heating wall and a pair of regenerators, in planes indicated bythe lines A-A and Bs-B of Fig. 2; l

Fig. 2 is a composite vertical sectional elevation taken longitudinally of a coke oven battery, iinplanes indicated by the lines D-D and 1)-131 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional View taken transversely of a coke oven battery and through a coking chamber in a plane indicated by the line C-C of Fig. 2.

The same characters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the several views.

vso

intermediate crossvvise elongated

vertical coking chambers

12, 12. The heating Walls 11 form the side Walls ot the respective coklng chamber 12, as shown more particularly in.

Fig. 2. In the present instance the coking chambers 12 are directly supported by the heavy supporting or

pillar Walls

13, 13 Which extend crossWise of the battery and are located respectively, as shown in Fig. 2,` beneath the coking chambers. These pillar Walls collectively form the main support for the entire super-structure of 'the oven battery and are themselves supported uponA a flat mat or platforml which constitutes the sub-foundation on which the entire battery rests. The coal to be coked is charged in to ascension pipes (not shown) into the usualI G gas collecting main which carries the dis. tillation products to the by-product recovery apparatus.

Heat for coking the charges of coal in the several ovens or chambers 12 is derived from the heating Walls 11, which, asabove mentioned, extend crossvvise of the battery at the sides of the coking chambers. Referring now more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, each heating Wall 11 is constituted of a plurality of flame or combustion ues 17. The Haine lues of each heating Wall may be, in accordance Withthe invention, arranged for flow of the heating gases With all of the tlues of each heating Wall operating concurrently vas uplow or downflow flues, as Will be hereinafter more fully explained. When the flame lues on one side of la coking chamber are burning, that is to say, operating for uptlovv, the flame lues on the opposite side of the same coking chamber are operating for downoW to permit exhaust of the Waste gases. Consequently heating is maintained continuously from end to end on one side of a charge of coking coal in each coking chamber, the heat being applied to the full length of one side of such charge during an entire period and, then, after reversal being ap-A 'plied to the full length of the opposite side of the charge, until a subsequent reversal is effected.

The crossvvise regenerators 18 of the retort oven or battery are located at a lovver level than the aforesaid heating Walls 11 and coking chambers 12, and, in the present instance,

extendin parallelism between the pillar Walls" 13. Located in the middle lengthwise vertical plane of the coke ovenbattery, is a vertical partition 19, as shown in Fig. 1, which partition extends all the Way up from the mat of the battery to the bottom ot' the overlying coking chamber and from oneto the other of the pillar Walls 13. -The regenerators, Which are respectively located on opposite sides of the battery lextend inwardly to said partition 19 an clearly shown in Fig. `1. This arrangement permits controlfrom opposite sides of the battery of the ilovv through the regenerators, thereby assisting the novel flue arrangement in promoting 'uniformity of distribution. Each regenerator 18 is a chamber containing -open brick Work, commonly called checkerv Work, and indicated at 20, Withladistributing' sole channel 21 underneath such checker Work, the channels forming the soles'of chambers and opening up into the checker' Work.

The' regenerators are heated', in alternation, by the hot combustion products that draw off from` the flame or combustion lues hereinbefore mentioned and then impart such heat to the medium that they feed into these flame flues; inithe present instance, the .How

-through the alternate series of regenerators is maintained concurrently .in'the same direction, Whereas the flow through theserles of intermediate regenerators H is in'theoppositedirection, for example, when the flow is passing up through thepair reg'enerators G,

'dovvnlow is -being maintained concurrently through the intermediate Waste heat regenerators H. Each regenerator is provided with a series of -ducts 23 all ofvvhich lead respectively'to individual flame tlues 17 of the same hea-ting Wall, so that eachheating Wall has its own pair of end-tofend positioned regenerators, which function as-unit for the up or down flow ofthe heating gases, in respect oflsuc'h vheating Wall.` f

In the present embodiment of the inven tionthe entire series of flame flues 17 of each heating Wall 1 1 is :either burning or operating are separated thereby as for doWnfloW to lconvey We ste products to the regenerators beneath and consequently the regenerators alined en opposite'sides of the central longitudinal partition 19 operate concurrently for low'in the same direction and 1n the same manner. The reversalv 1n .flowv through the ame flues 17 on opposite sides of a coking chamber', and their communicably connected regenerators may thus vbe vsaid to take place longitudinally of the oven battery, instead of transversely thereof, as Vhas heretofore been a common practicejin this art. The reversal of the ovenis'etfected at the end of an operating period determined by practice, and by means of any preferred type .of reversing mechanism. The function" of such reversal is as follows: The alternate X regenerators G that prior to the reversal op- ;mediate outflow operating `regenerators H4 become 'iniloizv operating air regenerators;

the-'upburning series of iiue switches function with the downburning series of flues vof the next adjacent heating Wall, and the supply?, of gas is turned oii' from the previously upburning iiues and turned on into the mains of the previouslydownburning fines.

Each flame flue 17 of each heating Wall has at its top a port or opening 24 for draft and the passage of combustion products orwvaste gas from the ilame Within the flue. These ports 24 open up into horizontal or bus flues 25 formed in thetheating Walls and connectving all of the vertical flues that communicate with such horizontal ilues 25 by means of the ports 24. According to the invention, there are in each heating `Wall a plurality of, in the present instance five, of such horizontal flues 25 positioned end to end with respect to each other. By reason of the fact that there is a plurality of such horizontal iiues 25, these lues 25 are not required to be of so great capacity as that necessary in present practice and consequently the cross-sectional area of each .horizontal iiue 25 may be materially reduced proportionately with the length of. such flue, with the result that the thickness and strength of the heating Walls are substantially increased in the region of the horizontal flues. Moreover, because-of the fact that each horizontal flue `25 communicates With a substantially reduced vnumber of vertical fines, in the present instance approximately one-fifth of 'the lues of a heatingivall, uniformity in distribution of the flow through the vertical flues and the communicating regenerators is greatlyv promoted.

As shown, the respective horizontal flues 25of each heating Wall are communicably connected individually by means of crossconnecting passageways or ducts 26 respectively With the corresponding horizontal flues of one of the next adjacent heating Walls. These channels 26 preferably open up into substantially theA middle portions of theirv respective connected lues 25, as shown in Fig. 3, and extend longitudinally of the oven battery, as shown in Fig-2. Thus the entire flow from a heating Wall, Within the flues of Which combustion is being maintained passes through and downwardly through Aall of the iiues of the next adjacent heating Wall and each reversal operation is accompanied by a reversal in direction inflow of all of the flues of each heating Wall.

Extending crosswise of the battery in each pillar Wall 13 and located beneath the heating Wall 11 thereabove, is a pair of gas-supply channels 29 and 80. These

channels

29 and 30 are for the purpose of supplying'coke oven-gas to the several lflame flues on'each side of the central line L, and to' accomplish this end 'the channel 29 communicateswith the individual flues 17 on the near side of said line L by means of ducts 31 that leadl from such-channel 29 individually into the bottoms of individual ilues and the channel 30 which supplies the several flues that are located on the far side of the aforementioned dividing line L communicates therewith by means ot simil-arly connecting ducts. YVithin the several ducts are disposed the usual nozzles 32. The supply of coke oven gas tothe resp^

ctive channels

29 and 30 is derived from the coke oven gas main of the usual type and respectively located on the opposite sides of the battery and extending longitudinally .therealong. Suitable means is provided f-or admit= ting or cutting oii the supply of gas with respect to each pair of

channels

29 and 30, it being understood that the gas supply is either concurrently maintained or concurrently shut off from both channels of each pair.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of construction but may be. variously embodied Within the scope of the claims hereinaftermade.

1. In a coke oven battery, in combination: a series of alternate parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers and heating walls, said heatingT Walls respectively comprising vertical combustion flues; a plurality of horizontal fines in each half of each heating Wall i regenerators adjacent the coking cham-bers and the heating Walls, there being only a pair of the end-to-end positioned regenerators directly connected with the combustion flues of a single heating Wall, whereby the alternate regenerators of the battery may be operated for flow in one direction While the intermediate regenerators areoperated for flow .inthe opposite direction;

2. In a coke oven battery, in combination: a series of .alternate parallel horizontally elongated coking chambers and heating Walls, 'said heating Walls respectively comprising .vertical combustion ilues; a plurality of horizontal lues in each half of each heating Wall and respectively connecting a plurality of the combustion ilues of their respective heating walls; each of the horizontal flues being also communicably connected with one ofthe horizontal 'lues of an adjacent heating wall a plurality of groups of endto end individually regsubstantially as specified.v

imA

ulable and reversible crossWise-extending rey generators adjacent the coking chambers and nected with the combustion flues of a single heating wall, the regenerators connected t0 .the respective Walls lying in single iile and alternating With those of adjacent Walls; substantially as specified.

3. A cokeoven comprising a heating wall ing walls therefor arranged laterally of each other in arow, each ofsa'id heating walls 'comprising vertical combustion ues; horizontal flow duct means in each of the heating walls and respectively communicably connected with the upper ends of a plurality of the vertical iiues of their respective heating walls; theA horizontal flow duct means of a heating wall on one side of one of said coking chambers being also communicably connected for passage of combustion products with the horizontal flow duct means of one of the heating walls on the opposite side of said one of said coking chambers by cross-over duct means crossing over the coking chamber; cross-wise regeneratorsl below the coking chambers and heating walls, said regenerators being individual to said heating walls respectively, and being communicably connected singly with the combustion flues thereof and being at least as wide as the fines withwhich they communicate; and means for conveying unpreheated fuel gas to each-of said vertical combustion flues for combustion therein. l

5. In a coking retort oven battery, in com- `bination:` a series of alternate substantially parallel horizontal coking chambers andheating Walls therefor arranged laterally of each other in a row7 each of said heating walls conlprising vertical combustion flues; horizontal flow duct means in each of the heating walls and lrespectively communicably connected with the upper ends of a plurality of the vertical fines of their respectiveheating walls; the horizontal flow duct means of a heating wall on one sideof one of said cokingl chambers being also .communicably connected for passage of combustion products with the horizontal flow duct means of one of the heating walls on the opposite side of said one of said coking chambers by cross-over duct means crossing over the coking chamber; individual regenerators located on opposite sides of the battery below the coking chambers and heating walls and communicably connected with the flues thereof; said regenerators being at least as wide as the fines with which they communicate and being individual to vsaid heat-ing wallsrespectively and each comsaid heating Walls comprising vertical combustion flues; horizontal flow duct means in each of the heating walls and respectively communicably connected with the upper ends of a plurality 'of the vertical fines ofl their respective heating Walls; the horizontal How duct means of a heating wall on one side of one ofsaid coking chambers being also c0m` mhrealily connected for passage of combustiurnprddctswith the `horizontal `flow duct means of one of the heating' walls on the oppositgside of said one of said coking chambers by cross-over duct Vmeans crossing'over the coking chamber; and individual regenerators arranged side-by-side ina row longitudinally of the oven vbelowT the coking chambers and heatingv walls and communilcably connected with the combustion flues of said heating walls; said regenerators being each at least as'.wide as the vertical iues and being each commurricably connected with each flue in communicition therewith by a group of ducts leading' from two opposite sides thereof to the respective ilues 111 communication therewith.

7. In a coking retort''oven, in combination: a series of alternate colnng chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side, each ofsaid heating. walls comprising vertical combustion fines operable in alternation for upflow and downtlow; the vertical flues of said heating walls beingoperatively disposed in two series operable in alternation with each other for upow-and downflow with the vertical flueszof one series communicably connected at their upper parts with the vertical fines of the other series at their upper parts for simultaneous reverse flow of gas from one to the other in alternation; and individual regenerators .arranged side-by-side in a row. longitudinallyof the oven below the coking chamber andlieating walls, said regenerators being operatively disposed in twov series operable in alternation with each other for inflow and outflow; the regenerators of one of said two series thereof being communicably connected with vertical fines of one of said two series thereof, and the regenerators of the other series of said `.two series thereof being communicably connected with the vertical lues of the other series of said two series thereof; the regenerators of said two series thereof being 4each at least as wide as the vertical flnes and being each communicably connected with each flue in communication therewith by a group of ducts leading from two 'opposite sides thereof to the respective lues in communication therewith.

8. In a coking retort oven', in combination v a series of alternate substantially parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls thereforv arranged side-by-side; each of said heating walls comprising Vertical combustionv fines g horizontal flow duct means in each ofthe y heating walls and respectively communicably connected with the upper ends of a plurality of vertical tlues of their respective heating walls;'the horizontal flow dust means of a heating wall on one side of one of said coking chambers being also communicably connected for passage of combustion products with the' `horizontal How duct means of. one ofthe heatopposite side of said one y ing walls on the of said lcoking chambers by cross-over 'duct means crossing over the colnng chamber; vertical pillar walls directly beneath, and extending up to the bott-om of, the coking chambers and parallel therewith, said pillar walls being the only yertical walls that are parallel with.

said coking chambers and heating walls and directly below the coking chambers and heating walls and forming a support for the heating walls and coking chambers; regenerators located directly beneath the heating walls and between the pillar walls and communicating with the flues of the heating walls; and gas conduits located within the bottoms of each of said heating walls and extending lengthwise thereof and communicably connected with a a series of alternate substantially paralleb plurality of the vertical iues oftheirre'spective heating walls for supplying thereto unpreheatedcombustible gas thereto.

9. In a colting retort oven, incombination:

horizontal looking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side by side; each of said heating walls comprising vertical combustion iues operable in alternation for uplow and dowiilow; Vertical pillar walls directly beneath, and extending up to the bottoms of, the coking chambers and parallel therewith, said pillar walls being the only vertical walls that are parallel with said coking chamber-sand heating walls and directly below the coking chambers and heating walls and forming a support for the heating walls and cokmg" chambers; regenerators located directly beneath the heating walls and between the pillar walls and communicating with the fines of the heating walls and gas-conveying channels located within the bottoms of each of said heating walls and extending 'lengthwise thereof and communica-bly connected with the Vertical i lues of their respective heating wallsfor supplying thereto unpreheated fuel gas for-combustion therein.

In testimony whereof m hand.

y JOSEPH BECKER.

I have hereunto set