US1469491A

US1469491A - Coking retort oven

Info

Publication number: US1469491A
Application number: US372999A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph Van Ackeren
Original assignee: Koppers Co Inc
Current assignee: Beazer East Inc; Koppers Co of Delaware
Priority date: 1920-04-10
Filing date: 1920-04-10
Publication date: 1923-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 1940-10-02

Description

.I. YVAN ACKEREN COKING RETORT QVEN 'Filed April 1o 1920 'r sheets-shears 7615 /6 7g 75 y y 7 Smets-Saget .s

` J. VAN AciKEREN CQKING RETORT OVENV F1' f A r11 10,1920

ct. 2,1923., y l469,491 J. VAN ACKEREN v coxme nETonT ovm:

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36 "mm" A jimmy/ f6 File@ April 1o v1920 7 sheetssneet 5 v Wr' /f Oct. 2 19.23.

J. VAN ACKAEREN CDKING RETORT OVEN Filed `April 10 1920- 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 J. VAN AQKEREN Lc oKING RETORT OVEN.

@et Z, H923 Filed April 1o i920 7 Smeets-sheet 7 Patented @et 2, 1923.

narran srnrns renner rnrnnr Vcarrera.

JOSEPH van ACKEREN, or rrr'rsnunen, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNon lro rnn' nor- PEBS CGMPANY, F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANEA, A COBIFORATION 0F 'VANIA COKENG- RETOBT OVEN.

Application filed April 10, 1920. Serial, No. 372,999.

Toallwkomtmayconcem:

Be it lmown that JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN, a citizen of the United States, residing in Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new v and. useful improvement in Coking Retort Ovens, of which the following is a speciication. 4 This invention comprehends improvements of especial utility in the coking retort oven art; and also comprehends certain improvements applicable to ooking retort ovens of the well known Koppers crossregenerative type exemplified in the patent to H. Koppers No. 818,033 dated April 17,

The invention has for one of its objects to incorporate in a coke oven a novel and highly eiiicient system of combustion in the flame or combustion flues of the heating walls, to the end that a constant flame or combustion is maintained in the flues of each heating wall, although the invention retains, with all of itsadvantages, the re- .25 generative system of conserving the waste heat from the ues and of employing such` waste heat for preheating the air that enters the fiues to support combustion of the fuel burned therein. ln other'words, the invention combines the regenerative system, with its.attendantuperiodicy reversal of flow, in such a way with a iue system that lame is maintained constantly in all the flues of each heating wall, with the result that unitemperature changes. The charges of coal.

withinv the several-'coking chambers are subjected constantlythroughout their entire extent to the'high temperatures of burning flames and no retardation of the c arbonization process results from the reversal of flow through the regenerators. By the invention, the eiiiciency of a coking retort oven is greatly promoted, the carbonization process 1s carried on more evenly, with greater facility, and in a shorter time than has been heretofore possible, and temperature liuctuations throughout the system are greatly reduced.

The invention has for further objectsy such other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as are found to formity in temperature of the heating walls elevation taken longitudinally of the coke7 70 oven battery;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed fragmentary horizontal section of a heating wall taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

F ig. 4 is an enlarged detailed fragmen- 75 tary horizontal section through a regenerator taken on the line 4 4: of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a perspective of one of the regenerator channel bricks hereinafter more fully described;

ig. 6 is a fragmentary detailed horizontal sectionalview of a heating wall taken on the several planes indicated by the line 6 6 of Fig. l;

F ig. 7 isa vertical section through the 85 upper portion of a heating wall taken in a plane indicated by the line 7 7o Figli.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged perspective View; broken away. in different vertical and horizontal planes, to illustrate more clearly the Hue construction and other parts of a heating wall;

Fig. 9 is a partial top plan view of the coking retort oven; f' v Fig. l0 is a detailed fragmentary vertical 95 section of the upper portion of the retort ovtn taken longitudinally of the battery; an

Fig. 11 is a plan view illustrating the flow through the flues, channels and tops of the 00 regenerators.

The same characters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the several views.

ln its present embodiment, the invention is incorporated in a colm'ng retort oven or coke oven battery haying `heatures of the therewith. For convenience, the present well known loppers cross-regenerative type exempliiied in the patent to Trl., Koppers hereinabove mentioned, which retort oven or battery includes in its construction crosswise extending parallel heating walls constituted of series off' vertical dame or combustion lues, elongated coking chbers or ovens intermediate the heating walls and parallel therewith, and crswise extending regenerators located at a lower level than the cokin chambers and the heating walls and pai-alle its construction a plurality of crosswise elongated heating walls 11 and a plurality of `intermediate crosswise elongated 'vertical coking chambers or

ovens

12, 12. The heating walls 11 form the side walls of the respective coking chambers 12, as shown more particularly in JF ig. 2, and in the present instance are supported by the heavy supporting or pillar walls 13, vi3 extending `crosswlse of the battery and located, as

` shown, beneath the respective heating walls 11. 'lhese pillar walls collectively form the main support yfor the entire'superstructure of the oven battery and are themselves rmly sup orted upon a dat mat or plat-fr form whic Iconstitutes the sub-foundation i on which the entire battery rests. 'lhe coal to be coked is charged into the several cokl'n chambers or ovens- 12' through charging ho es it located inthe top 15 oi? theovefn battery and positioned directly above the ovens or chambers 12, as shown' in Fig. 1. These charging holes 14 are equipped with the usual removable covers, not Irshown,

which are removed when charging any of' the several ovens and placed in @sition to close the tops of the ovens during the entire oking operation.

Heat for coking the charges 'of coal in the several ovens or chambers 12 is derived from theheating walls 1l, which, as before mentioned, extend crosswise of the battery at the sides of the coking'chambers; Both the construction and the functioning of these heating walls constitute im rtant features of the present invention. eferrin now more partlcularly to Fig.` 3 each heating wall il is constituted of 'two series, i5 and 16,- of substantially trianulnr llame or combustion dues alternately iicing oppositely toward J incensi' the colng chambers contiguous to either side el each such heating wall Each oi such dues, by reason oit its triangular term, is relatively narrow transversely ci the wall and presents a wide heating'iace toward the contiguous colring' chamber. Disposed along the longitudinal center of each heating wall 11 and located between the aforesaid two series of

vertical vdues

15 and 16 is a series of vertical channels 17, respectively staggered with relation to the dues on the opposite sides ont them, and operable alternately asar rinlet or waste gas exhaust channels.

.ln the present embodiment of the invent-ion,

alternate channels 17 operate as air inlet channels, while the channels intermediate such alternate channels are concurrently op- I erat/ed as waste gas exhaust channels.

'lhe crosswise regenerators 18 oi the retort oven or battery are located at a lower level than the aforesaid heatingiwalls l1 and coking chambers 12 uand in the present instance extend in aparallelism beneath the coking chambers 12 between the pillar walls 13.- Each regenerator 18 is a chamber containing open brick work, commonly called checkerwork, and indicated at 19, with distributing sole channels 20 underneath such checkerwork, the channels forming the soles of such chambers and opening up into the checkerwork; these regenerators in alternation are heated by the hot combustion products lthat draw od' from thev flame or combustion dues. hereinbefore mentioned and then impart such heat to the air that they feed into these' dame dues. The checkerwork- 19 of each 'regenerator is divided by a vertical partit-ion 21 which extendslongitudinally of the regenerator and separates the checkerwork intol two lcompartments located on the opposite sides of such partition.

,ln accordance with the invention, there is located in the top of each regenerator and at the top of theaforesaid vertical partition v21 a horizontal partition 22 formed by a plurality of bricks 23, as shown more particularly in lFigs.A l and 5. rlhis horizontal partition 22 provides a channel 2t that ex# tends longitudinally'in the top offeachl crosswise .regenerator and, as shown in Fig. d, l

each -such channel 2l is subdivided into compertinents 25 by means of transverse verti-j cal partitions 26 connecting the pillar wallson the opposite sides of a regeneratorcompartment. The bricks 23 that" form the`botv toms of the respective compartments 25 of the aforesaid channel 24 are formed with ports 27 and these ports 27 are so arranged in the channel 2l that alternatlrfcompartments 25 thereof communicate through their ports 27 With the checkerwork on one side of the vertical partition 21 and the alternate compartments v25 intermediate such alternate compartments aforesaid communicate withthe checkerwork. on the opposite side aeeaeei partments 25 are another pair of ducts 28 and 29 respectively entering the bottom of two adjacent flame lues 15 of the heating wall 11 on the opposite side of said longitudinal channel 24. The compartments 25 intermediate the compartments aforesaid are each connected by two oppositely extendingv ducts 30 with alternate channels 17 of the two heating'walls on the opposite sides of said regenerator channel 24. With this construction and by reason of the compartmental channel and the arrangement of ducts just described, one side of each regenerator checkerwork, communicates with all the flame flues of the two

series

15 and 16 respectively contiguous to such regenerator and located in the contiguous heating walls 11 on the opposite sides thereof; whereas the other side of each regenerator checkerwork is in communication with alternate channels 17 of the two series of such channels in the two contiguous heating walls located on the opposite sides of the regenerator. The channels 17 intermediate such alternate channels of the heating wall, on the right side of a regenerator for example, are in communication with one side of the next adjacent regenerator to the right; and the intermediate channels 17 of the series in the heating wall on the left side of such first regenerator are in communication with one side of the next adjacent regenerator to the left. The remote series of flame iues of the right and left heating .walls contiguous to each regenerator are respectively in communication with the adjacentregenerators on the right and left of the regenerator which feeds, or is fed by the contiguous series of flame ilues of both such heating walls. Ex-

. tending crosswise of the battery in leach pillar wall 13 and located beneath the heating wall 11 thereabove, is a pair Vof gas channels 31 and 32. These channels Bland 32 communicate respectively my means of a series of ducts 33 and 34 with the bottoms of the individual flame lues 15 and 16 of the two series of flame flues .in a heating wall above a pair of gas channels 31 and 32.

4Referrin more particularly to Figs. 8 andy 10, eacii heating wall 11 is provided with a plurality of chambers 35, which chambers are located above the upper ends of the series of

flues

15 and 16 and respectively connect a flue of one series 15 with a directly opposite lue of the other series 16. Fitted within the top of'eachv flue of both

series

15 and 16 is a plug 36 having a port 37 throu h which the flue communicatesl with the a oresaid'chamber 35. Each plug 36-is furthermore provided with a tapering dependin cylindrical portion 38 the outer face o which is spaced from the ta ering and concentric port 39 at the top of t e Hue to provide a surrounding passageway 40, the purpose of which will be presently described. A pair of

access flues

41 and 42 extend ,from the top 15 of the battery to the opposite ends of each aforesaid chamber 35, these access lues affording a means of communication from the top of the oven with the interior of the Cchamber 35. Normally such access tlues are closed by suitable cover plates. Between each pair of

access Hues

41, 42 is a vertical gas-supply duct 43 v formed in a single gun brick let in from the top 15 of the battery. r1he duct 43 termi nates at its lower end in a flaring nozzle 44 through which fuel gas may flow into either one of the

flues

15 or 16 that communicate with the chamber 35 above them. As shown in Fig. 8 the flaring nozzle 44 is located at the upper end of the chamber 35 and between the two lues 15 and 16, and, because of the coincidence of the greatest cross-sectionalarea of the nozzle with the' discharge end thereof, and the inclined4 'walls that extend downwardly in opposite directions toward the

respective flues

15 and 16, the gas may pass with facility into either one of said lues.'V The. series of gas-supply ducts 43 in the top of a heating' wall are suppliedl from a gas main 45 suitably supported over thetop .of veach heatmg wall, as Shown in Figs. 9 and 10, and provided with a series of gas guns 46 which enter the 1nlets of the aforesaid ducts 43.

Near the up er ends of all the channels 1-7 are plugs 1 n, 'which control the How of air or exhaust out of'orinto said channels.

The upper end of each alternate lchannel 17 of the series of such channelsin each heating wall is provided with. a pair of horizontally extending branching by-passes 4 7, see Figs. 6, 7, and 8, which branching^ by-passes 47 respectively. lead tothe surrounding passages 40 of a pair of adjacent y fines 16 of the same series on one side of the.

heating wall, it being understood that' all of the lines of this series are connected in pairs, byv similar by-passes 47 with the alternate channels 17. The channels 17 intermediate such'j alternate channels aforesaid are each connected, by means of similar bypasses 48 with a pair of adjacent dues 15' of the other series on the oppositec side of the heating wall, the iues of the series 15 vbeing so connected in pairs with the alternate channels 17 intermediate the alternate channels that are connected by the by-,passe's 47 With set forth.

With the above described' construction,

pairs of tlu'es of the-series 16 above other series on the opposite side of the heatconstant flame or combustion is maintained' in all of the flame or combustion dues of each heating wall, irrespective of whether the How is up or down in a series of such flues. According to the present embodiment of the invention, when a series of ues 15, for example, of a heating wall is being Dfed with gas from the bottom by means of a gas channel 31 or 32, the opposite series of dues 16 in the same heating walllis concurrently being fed with gas from the top by means of the top supply main 45. lln -this manner, jup-burning ame is maintained in all the flues of a series on one side of the heating wall, while simultaneously a dwrl-burning dame is maintained in all the flues of the ing wall. Hence, throughout the battery combustion is maintained in all of the flues, notwithstanding reversal of flow through the regenerators and in the flues, the manextension of the capacity of the wall to maintain coking temperature in a vertical direction, thereby permitting an increase in l atf'the height of the heating walls, with a con- Asequent increase in the height of the coking l chambers and their individual coking cai pacity.

lin -orderito illustrate advantages fand .novel features of the invention and in exposition ofthe above general statements of operation and results, the following detailed descrlptionv of operation of a cokin'g retort oven, constructedin the manner above de? scribed and illustrated in the' accompanying drawings is now given.

The several regenerators -18 each extend 'crosswise of the battery from each side thereof, and reversal-offiowthrough such regenerators takes-place, at the end of such periodic intervals as may be determined by practice longitudinally of the battery and in alternate regenerators, instead of from side to side ofthe battery,.as has been heretofore the more common practice in `coking retort ovens of the Ko pers crossregeneraitive type. For examp e, .an alter'- nate series of regenerators reckoned longi tudinally of thel battery are operated as in- `flow chambers, while concurrently the series of intermediate alternate regenerators reckoned in the same manner, are operated as outdow` chambers. Starting with an inow-operating regenerator, the air from the sole channels 20 enters the checker ineaaea work on the opposite sides of the partition 21, such air being divided into two courses of dow by the partition '21. From the checkerwork on one side of the partition 21,

the air Hows into alternate chambers 25 of the channel 2li in the top of the regenerator,

and thence flows from each of such alternate chambers through two pairs of ducts 28 and 29 into two pairs of

dues

15 and 16 of the two series of contiguous dues in the heating walls 11 respectively located on opposite sides of the aforesaid regenerator. Y

On the other hand, the air fromthe checkerwork on the opposite side of the central partition 21 of the regenerator passes into the chambers 25 intermediate the alternate chambers aforesaid, and from each one of such chambers 25 flows through two ducts 30 into alternate channels 17 of the series of such channels in each one of the two contiguous heating walls 11 on the-opposite sides of the aforesaid regenerator. llt will be here noted that all the lues 0f the two

series

15 and 16 that are directly series of

iues

15 and 16,` and entering.

such ilues through the ducts 33 and 34 ignites in the atmosphere of hi hly preheated air suppliedV from one si e of the regenerator. rlhe exhaust or waste gases from the contiguous series` of

dues

15 and 16 in the -two heating walls on the opposite sides ofa regenerator pass into the ports 39 at the tops of the flues of the two series. lin such ports 39, the waste gas divides into two courses: a portion of the waste 'gas enters'v the surrounding passages 4:0 in the ports'39 and from these surrounding passages, ows through lby-passes 48 into the alternate channels 17 of the two heating walls aforesaid. VFlowing downthe alternate channels 17 of thetwo heating walls the exhaust gas in the heating wall on the right side of the inow operating regenerator finally reaches the outdow operatmg regenerator .through the ducts 30 hereinbefore described and from such regeneratr Hows into the usual waste gas main. The

waste gas in the. alternate' channels 17 of theV heatin wall on the left side of the indow operating regenerator pursues a similar course through the outflow operating re generatorv on the left of the inflow operating regenerator,` (see lEig. 11).

The other portion of the waste gas from the ports 39 of the series of

upburning dues

15 and 16 passes through the ports 37 of the plugs 36 into the chambers 35 that connect suchY upburning dues with the downburning ues on the remote side' of the ati-eater respective heating walls 11. A; constant How of gas is maintained in the gas supply ducts 43 above the respective chambers 35 and the gas Hows' from such ducts through the darin nozzles 4t into the ports 37 et the plugs 1n the series of dues on the remote side of the aforesaid upburning tlues. rlhat is to say, the gas Hows into the downburning dues 16 of the right hand heating wall of which the dues 15 are the upburning lues and the gas from the ducts 43 Hows into the fines 15 of the left hand heating wall of which the dues 16 are the upburning dues. As the gas enters the two. remote series of downburning dues 16 and 1 5 of the two heating walls 1t mingles with waste gas that issues from the ports 37 of the two contiguous series of ulpburning dues. The waste gas serves to di ute theA duel as and consequently acts to lengthen the ame inthe downburnin lues, thereb increasing the volume of ame of such ownburning ilues and conse uently increasing the dame heated area of t e heating walls. rlhis per mits the making of veryhi h lheating' walls, while preserving substantie ly uniformA temperature conditions throughout a substantial extent of such walls. The lengthening of the llame in the downburning lues, moreover. prevents an intense dame concentration in the upper extremities of the heating fiues where it is most desirable to keep the temperature relatively low, in order to avoid destruction of the gases of distillation which arise from the charge of coal in the intermediate coking chambers.

The air for supporting combustion in the

downburningues

16 and 15 is derived from the surrounding passages 4:0 in thezports 39 at the top of such flues. As before vmen-y tioned, alternate channels 17 of thel series of channelsl in the heating walls on' the .opposite side of an inow operating regenerator are supplied with preheated air from such re-d generator. 'lhe ain ows upward in such channels 17 and .branching through the bypasses 47 enters the aforesaid surrounding passages 40 in the ports of the downburning dues. Each air supply channel 17 supplies two adjacent downburning dues by means of its branching by-passes47.

4The exhaust from the right and left hand series ofvdownburning ilues 16 and 15 passes through the duets 28 and 29 into the regenerators respectively located on the right and vthe left of the inflow operating regenerator and flowing through the' checkerwork on one side of the central partition 21 of each of such regenerators passes into the sole chan nels and thence into the usual waste gas main.

On reversal of the oven at the end of an operating period determined by practice, and by means of any preferred type of reversing mechanism, the regenerators that prior to the reversal operated as inflow regenerators are each switched to outflow re-' generators, and the outflow operating regenerators become inflow operating regenerators; the upburning series of flues switch functions with lthe downburning series of flues; and the lower supply of gas is turned off from the previously upburning ilues and turned on into the mains of the previously downburning dues. No reversal connections are necessary for switching the supply of gasmfcd through the upper gas ducts 43 from one seriesof dues of the heating wall to the other. By reason of the position of the nozzles at the lower ends of the ducts 43, the gas may be readily directed into one set of flues or the other b the draft from the upburning dues. lit s ould be also noted that at the period of reversal air channels 17 become exhaust channels and exhaust channels 17 become air channels.

The dow through the ports 37 at the top of the individual flues may be regulated by slide bricks 48 positioned at the bottoms of the chambers 35 and within convenient reach of an operator through the inspection holes 41 and 42. ln the top of the oven lare another series of access flues 47, adapted to be closed by the usual covers and respectively extending from the top face of the oven to the tops of the severalehannels 17. These access ilues permit access to the regulation nozzles 50 in the upper part of the channels 17. Y

The divided checkerwork in the several regenerators and the compartmental` channel construction in the top of such regenerators permits a dow from each'regenerator to the communicating channels 17 that is separate from the flow from the same regenerator to the communicating `iues 15 and 16. This construction permits separate regulation of the .low to and from the flues and the channels. as it is obviously necessary to control the flow to and from the channels somewhat differently from the flow to and from the lues. The channels, it should be noted, when operating` as air channels, feed the downburning ilues andthe air must i'low to nearly the top of the' oven before it enters M5 such downburningv lues; whereas the air from the other side of the regenerators passes substantially directly into the upburning dues.

ln the operation of the oven or battery. both sides of a, coking chamber are heated either by upburning or downburning dues, there being in the present instance, the same direction of flow in the series o'f lines on both sides of a coking chamber. For example` if a pair of contiguous ilues on the opposite sides of a eoking chamber are operating as unburning dues, the pair of contiguous lues of the next adjacent coking chamber are op- @rated as downburning 'lues. rl`lue reversal taires place between alternate pairs ot series of vcontiguous tlues throughout the oven battery.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of construction but may he variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

l claim:

l. ln a colring retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heateach series; regenerators located at a lower level than the coking chambers and the heating walls', the iow through alternate regenerators being concurrently in the 'same direction, while the How through the other regenerators isV concurrently in the opposite direction, said regenerators respectively embodying, checkerwork divided? by a parti-n tion extending longitudinally of the regenerator and a channel above Isuch checkerwork'sub-divided into two groups'ot coinpartments, one group comprising alternate compartments communicating lwith the checkerwork onone side ot said loiigitudinal partition and communicating by ducts with the contiguous dues; of the .heating I* walls 'on the opposite sides of said regenerator, and the other groupcomprisiiig the intermediate compartments communicatingvv with the checkerwork on the other side of said longitudinal partition and communicating by ducts with alternate air or exhaust channels of such heating walls" and means for admitting fuel gas to the bottom gas- -supply ducts .of the ues contiguous -to the inflow operating regenerators and for concurrently shutting 'o the supply of fuel gas from the gas-supply/-ducts of the lues contiguous to the outow operating regenerators; substantially as speciiied.

2. In a coking retort oven; in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to-rsaid coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series of combustion flues arranged on opposite sides ofthe heating walls, and a series of channels intermediate such flue-series operable alternately as air or exhaust passages gas-supply ducts' at the top of each heating 'wall and respectively communicatingwith two lues, one of each series; individual gassupply ducts at the bottom of each heating wall and respectively communicating with ineenei the individual dues 'of each' series; regenerators located at a lower level than the colting chambers and the heating walls, the :dow

through alternate regenerators beiny con-J currently in the same direction, wln eo the iiow through the other regenerators is' con-. currently in the opposite direction, said regenerators respectively embodying, checkerworlr divided by a partition extending longitudinally of the regenerator and a channel above such checkerwork sub-divided intotwo groups of compartments, one groupy comprising alternate compartments communicating with the checkerwork on one side of said longitudinal partition and com: unica ing by ducts withthe contiguous tlues of the hea-ting walls on the opposite sides' of said regenerator, and 'the other group comprising the intermediate compartments communicatingwith the checkerwork on the other side of said longitudinal partition and communicating by ducts' with alternate air or exhaust channels of such' heating walls; and means for admitting fuel gas to the bottom gas-supply ducts of the :tlues contiguous to the inflow operating regenerators' and for concurrently shutting onthe supply offuel gas from the gas-supply ducts ot the luesl contiguous to the outflow operating regenerators; substantially as specied.

3. lln acoking retort oven, in combination a plurality. of colring chambers; heatuing walls contiguous to said coking .chainbers and respectively 'constituted oit two series of substantially triangular combustion `iFlues arranged on opposite sides of the heating walls, and a lseries of channels intermediate such flue-series operable alternately as air or exhaust passages; continuous supwall and respectively communicating with two ue's, one of each series; indlvidual gas- `supply ducts at the bottom'of each heating wall and, respectively communicating with the individual lines of each series; regenerlill@ ators located at a lower level than the colring i chambers and the heating walls,lthe tlow -1 lgitudinallyof vthe regenerator and a channel above such checkerworlr sub-divided into two groups out compartments, one comprising alternate compartments commufj nicating with the checkerwork on one sidey other side ot said longitudinal partition andl ply gas-ducts at the top of each heating N5' Macael s communicating by ducts with alternate air or exhaust channels of such heating walls; and means for admitting fuel gas to the bottom gas-supply ducts of the fines contiguous to the lnflow operating regenerators and for concurrently shutting oil' the supply of fuel gas from the a's-sup ly ducts of the dues contiguous to t e outxlow operating regenerators; substantially as specified.

4. In a coking retort oven, inl combination: a lurality of col'cing chambers; heating wal s contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series of combustion ilues arrangedmn opposite sides of the heating walls, and a series of channels intermediate such flue-series operable alternately as air or exhaust passages; continuous supply gas-ducts at the top of each heating' wall and respectively communicating with two fines, one of each series; individual gas-supply ducts at the bottom of each heating wall and respectively communicating with the individual iues of cach series; regenerators loc-ated at a lower lever than the coking chambers and the heating walls, the flow through alternate regenerators being concurrently in the same direction, while the flow through the other regenerators is concurrently in the opposite direction, said regenerators respectively embodying, checker-work divided by a partition wall extending longitudinally of the regenerator and a channel above such checkerwork subdivided into two groups of compartments, one group comprising alternate compartments communicating with the checkerwork on one side of said longitudinal partition and communicating by ducts with the contiguous fiues of the heating Walls on the opposite sides of said regenerator, and the other group comprising the intermediate compartments communicating with the checkerwork on the other side of said longitudinal partition and communicating by ducts with alternate air or exhaust channels of such heating walls; and means for admitting fuel gas to the bottom gas-sup ly ducts of the iiues contiggous t`o the in ow operating regenerators and for concurrently shutting of? the supply of fuel gas from the gas-supply ducts of the lues contiguous to.

the outflow operating regenerators; substantially as specified.

5. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating Walls contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series-of combustion fiues arranged on opposite sides of the heating walls, and a series of channels intermediate such flue-series operable alternately as air or exhaust passages; gas-supply ducts at the top of each heating wall and respectively communicating with twor flues, one of each series; individual gas-supply ducts at the bottom of each heatlng wall and respectively communicating with the in-I- `municating by ducts with the contiguous iiues of the heating walls on the opposite sides of said regenerator and the compartments intermediate such alternate compartments communicating by ducts with alter, nate air or exhaust channels of lsuch heating walls; means for reversing the direction of How through alternate regenerators in series longitudinally with respect to the coking retort oven; and means for admitting fuel gas to the bottom gas-supply ducts of the liues contiguous to 'the inflow operating regenerators and for concurrently shutting oft' the supply of fuel gas from the gas-supply ducts of the lues contiguous to the outiow operating regenerators; .substantially as specified.

6. In acokin retort oven, in combination: a plurality ofg coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to said coking chambers and respectively constituted of two series of combustion lues arranged on opposite sides of the vheating walls, and a series of chanma nels intermediate such Hue-series operable alternately as air or exhaust passages; gassupply ducts at the top of each heating wall and respectively communicating with two iues, one of each series; individual gas-supply ducts at the bottom of each heating wall and respectively communicating with the individual flues' of each series; regenerators located at a lower level than the coking chambers and the heating walls, (said regencraters respectively embodying, checkerwork divided by a partition wall extending longitudinally of the regenerator and a channel above such checkerwork sub-divided into compartments, the checkerwork on each side of such longitudinal partition wall communicating with alternate compartments, alternate compartments of the channel communicating by ducts with the contiguous flues of the heating walls on the opposite sides of said regenerator and the compartments intermediate such alternate compartments communicating by ducts wit-halternate. air or exhaust channels of such heating walls; means for permitting individual control of the flow through the checkerwork on the opposite sides of such longitudinal partition wall; means for reversing the direction of flow through alternate regenerators in series; and means` for admitting fuel gas to the botto-m gas-supply ducts ot the lines contiguous to the iunllow operating regenerators and for concurrently shutting od the supply of fuel gas from. the gas-supply ducts of the lues contiguous to the outlow o erating regenerators ;substantially as spec-i ed.

7. ln el coking retort oven; in combina` tion: a plurality of ,colring chambers; heating walls intermediate such coking chambers and constituted of two Series of sub-A stantially 'triangular combustion tlues and of a series of channels intermediate such liuc-series; and cross-regenerators disposed at a lower level than the ooking chambers and heating walls, such regenerators being sub-divided into compartments, with a com- `partment of each regenerator directly commimica-ting with combustion llues and another compartment thereof directly communi'cating with intermediate channels of the heating walls; substantially as specified.

8. ln a coking'retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls intermediate such coking chambers and constituted of two series of combustion lues and of a series of ochannels mediate channels oil the heating walls; substantially as specified.

9. ln a coklng retort oven, in combination: a plurality ot coking chambers; heating walls intermediate such colring chambers and constituted ot two series oit combustion itlues.V and ot'a series of channels intermediate .such flue-series; cross-regenera-tors vdisposed at a lower level than the coking chambers and heating walls; such regenerators being sub-divided intdcomtitl partments with a compartment oit each regenerator directly communicating with combustion Hues and another compartment thereof directly communicating with intermediate channels of the heating walls; and means orreversing the direction of How through such regenerators; substantially as specied l0. ln a colring retort oven; in combination; a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls intermedia-tey such cohing chambers and constituted oit two series oli combustion dues and olf a series of channels intermediate such Hue-series; erom-regenerators disposed at a lower level than the coliing chambers and heating walls; such regenerators being sub-divided into compart-` ments with a compartment oit each regenerator directly communicating with combustion lues and another compartment thereof casacca directly communicating with intermediate channels ot the heating walls; and means for reversing the direction ol llow through alternate regenerators in series longitudinally with respect to the colring retort oven; substantially as specified.

11. ln a coking retort oven, in combination: a lurality of coking chambers; heating wal s intermediate such colring cham'- bers and constituted of two series of combustion dues and of a series of channels intermediate such tlue-series; Across-regenerators 'disposed at a lower level than the coking chambers and heating walls, such regenera-tors being sub-divided into compart-v' ments with a compartment of each regenerator directly communicating with combustion lues and another compartment there- .of communicating with intermediate chanerator directlyfcommunicating with all the.

combustion dues contiguous to such regencrator and another compartment thereof directly communicating with alternate channels oil the heating walls containing' such contiguous series ot combustion dues; substantially lass ecied. a

i3.' ln a. co ing retort oven, in combination: a plurality ot cokin chambers; heating walls intermediate suc colring chambers and constituted ot two series of vertical combustion fines alternately operable as upburning and as downburningdues and of a series of channels alternate units of which operate as exhaust channels while the intermediate units operate as air channels; means for feeding fuel gas to the dues while the dow is in either direction; means fior periodically reversing the direction' oit dow in the flues and channels; and a periodicallyreversible regenerative system for receiving the exhaust from all the dues and exhaustchannels, combined ywith supply connections for conveying pre-heated air from such system' to the upidow dues and air channels; substantially as specified.

lll. ln a ooking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls intermediate such coking chamlll@ lll@

bers and constituted of two series of vertical combustion ues alternately operable as upburning and as downburning nues and 7 lawaai.

vconveying preheated air from such system to all the upl'low lues and upflow channels; substantially as specified.

15. In a coking retort oven, in ccombination; a plurality of coking chambers; heating Walls intermediate such coking chambers and constituted of two series of vertical combustion flues alternately operable as upburning and as downburning tlues, one

a periodically-reversible regenerative sys-L tem for receiving the exhaust from all the ues and downfiow channels, combined with supply connections for conveying preheated air from such systeml to all the uplow lues4 and upow channels; substantially as specifed.

16. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls intermediate such cokingchambers and constituted of tuwo 'series of vertical combustion tlues alternately operable as upburning and as downburning lues and of a series of channels alternate units of which operate as exhaust channels while the intermediate units operate as air channels; supply connections for permitting exhaust to pass from the upburning to the downburning lines; means for feeding fuel gas to the lues when the flow is in either direction; means for periodically reversing the direction of flow in the ilues and channels;`

and a periodically reversible regenerative system for receiving the exhaust from all the tlues and exhaust channels, combined with supply connections for conveying preheated air from such system to all the upiow iues and air channels; substantially as specified'.

17. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls intermediate such coking chambers and 'constituted of two series of vertical combustion tlues alternately operable as upburning and as downburning liues and of a series of channels alternate units of which operate as exhaust channels for the upburning flues while the intermediate units operate as air channels for supplying preheated air tothe downburning flues; means for feedlng fuel gas to the flues when the flow is in either direction; means for periodically reversing the direction of How in the flues and channels; and a lperiodically-reversible regenerative system for receiving the exhaust from all the flues and exhaust channels, combined with supply connections for conveying preheated air from such system to all the uptlow ilues and air channels; substantially as specified.

18. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls intermediate such coking chambers and constituted of two series of vertical combustion lues alternately operable as upburning and as downburning` lues and of a series of channels alternate units of which operate as exhaust channels for the upburning dues while the intermediate units operate as air channels for supplying preheated air to the downburning fines, means for feeding fuel gas to the lues when the' flow is in either direction; means for supplyin a neutral gaseous diluent to the down urning'flues; means for periodically reversing the direction of flow 1n the lues' and channels; and a riodically reversible regenerative system or I:receiving the exhaust from all the iues and exhaust channels, combined with. supply connections for conveying preheated air from such system to all the upiow fines and air channels; substantially as specified.

19. 1n a co'king retort oven, in co'mbination: a lurality of coking chambers;heat ing wall intermediate such coking chambersl and constituted of two series of vertical combustion ues alternately operable as 11pburning and ais downburning dues and of a series of channels alternate units of which operate as exhaust channels for the upburning ilues while the intermediate umts operate as air channels for supplying preheated air to the downburning lues; means' for feeding fuel gasto the Hues when the flow is in either direction; means for permitting waste gas to flow into the downburning tlues; means for periodically reversing the direction of flow in the ues and channels; and a periodically-reversible regenerative system for receiving the exhaust from all the ues and exhaust channels, comblned with supply connections for conveying preheated air from such system to all the uplow {iues and air channels; substantially as specified.

20. In a coking retort oven, 1n comb1na tion: a lurality of coking chambers; heating walls intermediate such cokmg chambers and constituted of two series of vertical combustion flues alternately operable as .upburning and as downburning lues and Stb,

mit

lll() lll@ of a series o-if channels alternate units of tionza plurality of coking chaxnbers; heatwhich operate as exhaust channels for the ing Walls intermediate such coking chamnplourning ues While theintermedlate units bers and constituted of series'of combustion operate as air channels for supplying preiues and of a series of channels intermediate l heated -air to the downburning iues; means such flue-series; cross-'regenerators disposed for feeding fuel gas to the iues when the at a lower level than the coking chambers flow is in either direction; means for perand heating Walls, such regeneratrs being mitting Waste gas to How from the upbnrn-J sub-divided into compartmentswith a coming Hues into the downburnaing fines; means partment of each regenerator directly comfor periodically How in the iues and channels; and a periother compartment thereof directly commuodically-reversible regenerative system for nicating with intermediate channelsofthe receiving '--the exhaust from all the fines and heating Walls; and meansv for permitting exhaust channels, combined with Supply conseparate control of the. How in each comnections for conveying preheated air from partmentof the regenerators'; substantially such system to all the upow lues and air as specified.

channels; substantially as specified.

21. In a coking retort oven, in combina- Josnrn VAN Acnnnnn.

reversing the direction of municating with combustion lues and an-