US2078071A - Detergent compositions - Google Patents

Detergent compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2078071A
US2078071A US43716A US4371635A US2078071A US 2078071 A US2078071 A US 2078071A US 43716 A US43716 A US 43716A US 4371635 A US4371635 A US 4371635A US 2078071 A US2078071 A US 2078071A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
soap
sodium
water
acid
thiotetraphosphate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US43716A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Augustus H Fiske
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS
Original Assignee
RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE417754D priority Critical patent/BE417754A/xx
Priority to BE417755D priority patent/BE417755A/xx
Priority to US43715A priority patent/US2092913A/en
Application filed by RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS filed Critical RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS
Priority to US43716A priority patent/US2078071A/en
Priority to GB25413/36A priority patent/GB487842A/en
Priority to GB25414/36A priority patent/GB476455A/en
Priority to FR811515D priority patent/FR811515A/fr
Priority to FR812444D priority patent/FR812444A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2078071A publication Critical patent/US2078071A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
    • C11D3/3958—Bleaching agents combined with phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D9/10—Salts
    • C11D9/14—Phosphates; Polyphosphates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
    • Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
    • Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing

Definitions

  • the object of my invention is to provide a detergent or cleanser, as, for example, a soap containing in intimate admixture therewith a compound of a thiotetraphosphoric acid or an alkali metal salt of a thiotetraphosphoric acid,
  • a further object is to dissolve the combinations of the soap; or other detergent, with the substances producing the hardness of water, loosen the dirt by dissolving the alkali earth compounds present,
  • I mean the acid corresponding to any of 5 the thiotetraphosphates, by which term I mean to include all thiotetraphosphates of any or all of the alkali metals where a sulphur atom has replaced one or more of the oxygen atoms in the 0 cember 24, :1935, andMethod of preparing thiotetraphosphates and product thereof, Ser. No. 756,458, filed December -7, 1934, Patent No. 2,033,913, granted March 17, 1936 in which I am the joint inventor with Charles S. Bryan. In fact it is to be understoodthat I may, in the composition, use any of the thiotetraphosphates in which one of the acid radicals is present as follows:
  • the corresponding acid is HePsOxaS, and there can be six different salts of a particular alkali metal derived therefrom, asfollows:
  • the sudsing ower of soap is the measure of its cleansing power, therefore the presence of a material which will increase this power, by soff tening the water or taking care of the alkali earth basic radicals in the water or regenerating the soap from its'combination with the compounds producing hardness, as in accordance with my invention, has an important value in the saving of soap.
  • I refer to a thiotetraphosphate I also include any salt of the general formula Mx 4oxsy O1 MarHyP40zSy O1 Mal-3132404811, fOI example, where M refers to an alkali metal or basic radical, N refers to anotheralkali metal basic. radical, and the subscript letters 2, y, and 2 applied to each of the diflferent atoms in the formula, may be a number or zero, but wherein they are all derived from the normal tetraphos- 5 phoric acid discovered byiEleitmann 8: Henneberg in 1848, referred to in Roscoe 8: Schorlemmers Treatise on Chemistry, Vol. I, MacMillan 8t .00., Ltd., 1905, page 656 and isolated by Rakuzen'tz Arseneev, Chem. .Ztg. 1923, pages 47,
  • a water soluble compound of any of the said thiotetraphosphoric acids preferably a water soluble salt of. any of the above thiotetraphosphorlc acids, as, for example, sodium, potassium or ammonium salts thereof, as well as an effective process of utilizing the same.
  • the soaps which I may use may be comprised of one or more compounds of a fatty acid with an alkali metal with or without the presence of excess free alkali and other ingredients, such as borax, ammonium compounds, orthophosphates soda ash, rosin, etc., in any desired proportions.
  • the bubbles formed are large and coarse. ever, the soap is intimately mixed with the thiotetraphosphoric acid compound and then added to the water, the suds are found to be of a fine,
  • the said mixed materials may be in their dry form.
  • a thiotetraphosphate has the power of softening water, as set forth in my copending applications above referred to. Therefore, in dispersing the thiotetraphosphate throughout the soap or detergent there is produced a sudsing action due to the concentration of the sodium ion at the time of the solution of the soap and also the softening power of the thiotetraphosphate ion, in that it combines. with the calcium or magnesium to remove it from the sphere of influence of the fatty acid radical of the soap. These eifects contribute beneficially to each other.
  • the compound represented by the chemical radical'cHsicHzhiCo-s is .the radical of palmitic acid and is given only as an illustrative example of an ingredient in the soap.
  • I add some sodium thiotetraphosphate to the solution in concentrated form as the soap dissolves with the dissolving of the thiotetraphosphate I first have the thiotetraphosphate dissoclation' as follows: I will give the dissociation acraovi reaction on a theoretical basis using the monothiotetraphosphate as illustrative by gradual stages of equilibria until finally suificiently dilute I could have a P4013S as'the ionic condition.
  • the concentration of the thiotetraphosphate while in contact with the soap will tend to remain high and thus maintain a high concentration of the Na+ ions in the neighborhood of the soap,as it is gradually consumed.
  • a high concen- .tration of Na+ ions about the soap 1 have a fatty acid salt (or soap) formed to bring the tendency of the Na.+ ions to force the reaction;
  • a potassium thiotetraphosphate may be used, and instead of a sodium soap, a potassium soap may be used, although when using a potassium soap it is desirable to use a potassium thiotetraphosphate therewith.
  • a liquid soap will generally contain both' sodium and potassium bases and thiotetraphos phates thereof.
  • any of these compounds of thiotetraphosphoric acid will dissolve calcium or magnesium compounds from any constituent 'of the dirt or contaminating material which is to be removed in the process of the cleaning.
  • the thiotetraphosphate will dissolve the calcium compound instead of allowing it'to combine with the soap and so destroy and consume the soap.
  • the thiotetraphosphate causes the calcium compound to remain soluble and prevents it from interfering with the action of the soap.
  • I dissolve out one constituent of a' material, as, for instance, the first to be removed in cleansing operation then. the other portions of the dirt will obviously be loosened or set free by this partial solvent action.
  • the thiotetraphosphate in the detergent not only acts as a water softener and in this way a soap saver, but also as an important auxiliary to the detergent as it is a dirt loosener itself.
  • my invention which is important from the economy-standpoint, If, for example, common soap is used to wash an object pounds which have combined with the fatty acid radical of the soap and reduced its cleansing power.
  • toilet soaps floating soaps, salt water soaps, alkaline soaps, ammoniacal soaps, mechanics soaps, disinfecting soaps, industrial soaps, milled soaps,
  • V medicinal soaps shampoo soaps, automobile l5 soaps, surgical'soaps, textile soaps, soap powders,
  • soap flakes, soap chips soap mixtures with sodium carbonate with or without sodium sesquicarbonate, with or without caustic soda, with or without trisodium phosphate, with or without sodium silicates, with or without metaborates, and with or without borates; also soap pastes containing any of the usual ingredients such as abrasives, oils and water or any of the previously mentioned materials; also cleaning mixtures which may or may not contain-s0aps but may contain any of the above mentioned materials; also acid cleansers, as, for instance, oxalic acid, with or without acid sodium sulphate, which are often used as cleansers; also water solutionsof sodium or potassium bisulphite or hypochlorite o ⁇ 0 Na for example, where R represents a carbon radical of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and for' Na other alkali metals maybe substituted; also all other detergents, cleaners and soap'substitutes or materials which are used in the place of soaps.
  • a detergent composition containing a so-v atoms and a sodium salt of a thiotetraphosphoric acid.
  • a detergent composition containing a hypochlorite of an alkali metal and an alkali metal salt of a thiotetraphosphoric. acid 5.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US43716A 1935-10-05 1935-10-05 Detergent compositions Expired - Lifetime US2078071A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE417754D BE417754A (en, 2012) 1935-10-05
BE417755D BE417755A (en, 2012) 1935-10-05
US43716A US2078071A (en) 1935-10-05 1935-10-05 Detergent compositions
US43715A US2092913A (en) 1935-10-05 1935-10-05 Detergent composition
GB25413/36A GB487842A (en) 1935-10-05 1936-09-18 Improvements relating to detergent compositions and process of applying the same
GB25414/36A GB476455A (en) 1935-10-05 1936-09-18 Improvements relating to detergents
FR811515D FR811515A (fr) 1935-10-05 1936-09-30 Perfectionnements se rapportant aux compositions détergentes et procédé pour leur application
FR812444D FR812444A (fr) 1935-10-05 1936-10-01 Perfectionnements concernant les compositions détergentes, et procédé pour leur application

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43716A US2078071A (en) 1935-10-05 1935-10-05 Detergent compositions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2078071A true US2078071A (en) 1937-04-20

Family

ID=21928523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US43716A Expired - Lifetime US2078071A (en) 1935-10-05 1935-10-05 Detergent compositions

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2078071A (en, 2012)
BE (2) BE417754A (en, 2012)
FR (2) FR811515A (en, 2012)
GB (2) GB476455A (en, 2012)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB476455A (en) 1937-12-09
FR812444A (fr) 1937-05-10
GB487842A (en) 1938-06-24
BE417755A (en, 2012)
BE417754A (en, 2012)
FR811515A (fr) 1937-04-16

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