US2045905A - Locking device for safety purposes - Google Patents

Description

June 30, 1936. s. FUTRAN LOCKING DEVICE FOR SAFETY PURPOSES 4 Sheeis-Sheet 1 Filed June 4, 1934 [n ventorf SIMON FUTRAN June 30, 1936. FUTRAN 2,045,905

LOCKING DEVICE FOR SAFETY PURPOSES Filed June 4, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor.-

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June 30, 1936. s. FUTRAN LOCKING DEVICE FOR SAFETY PURPOSES Filed June 4, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 5 0 Qaw h 93 9- 9 M A? V k w m \s 3 Maw/M m ww N m 0 A B June 30, 1936. s. FUTRAN 2,045,905

LOCKING DEVICE FOR SAFETY PURPOSES Filed June 4, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ,W Wwai 752mm Attorney.

Patented June 30, 1936 LOCKING DEVICE FOR SAFETY PURPOSES a Simon Futran, Berlin, Germany Application June 4, 1934, Serial No. 728,927 In Germany December 27, 1933 10 Claims.

,The invention relates to an improvement in or modification of the locking device which is described in patent application Serial No. 669,761, filed May 6, 1933.

The invention has the object of simplifying the device described in the said patent application and improving the device so that it is not possible with the lock according to the invention by means of a false key to alter the adjustment of the lock obtained when looking and thus destroy the combination of the lock which was used in locking, the movement of the bolt being eifected simultaneously with the actuation of the locking element's.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings in a constructional example.

'In the drawings:

r Fig. 1 shows a locking device according to the invention in front elevation;

Fig. 2 shows this device in a sideelevation;

Fig. 3 shows the key guide of the front plate;

Fig. 4 shows the key in side elevation;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a part of the locking device in the open position;

Fig. 6 is a similar illustration in the closed position;

Fig. '7 shows diagrammatically a locking device ior a bolt operated by hand, the open position being shown in dotted lines;

Fig. 7A is a perspective view of the same device;

Flg. 8 shows diagrammatically a locking device with indirectly coupled key.

Figs. 9 and 9A are views of parts of the device as per Fig. 8 on a larger scale.

Fig. 9B is a view similar to Fig. 9 of a slightly modified form.

Fig. 9C is a side elevation partly in section, and Fig. 9D is a front elevation partly in section of the device shown in Fig. '7 with the coupling arrangement as illustrated in Fig. 9.

Figs. 10 and i1 illustrate in section and in elevation on a larger scale a further possibility of indirect coupling;

Fig. 12 shows a key adapted for the last mentioned coupling arrangement.

The lock according to the invention consists of a base plate I, on which a rotatable cylinder 2 with a longitudinal slot 3 is arranged. 0n the cylinder a number of rotatable locking discs 4 are placed loosely. Each locking disc has two recesses 6 and l which are placed at theperipnery of the disc and are not diametrically opposite to one another but are relatively displaced. Moreover, there are provided at the periphery of the (Cl. IO-) discs further notches 8 in which resilient pawls 9 engage. On the cylinder 2 there is also an arm [0 rigidly connected with it, the cam ll of which moves the bolt I! in a known manner by engaging in its grooves l3 when the cylinder is rotated. On the axle l4 extending parallel to the cylinder, a locking member I5 is swingably secured, the edge iii of which intended for engaging in the recesses 6 and I of the locking discs extends over the whole depth of all of these discs. The member I5 is acted upon by a spring II. It has also an extension l8 having an opening I9. A stopping means, for instance pin 20, is provided on bolt I2 and is adapted to pass through opening [9 in the course of the locking operation. On the bolt I2 is a further pin 2| which can enter into openings 22 and 23 of a movable plate 24. The plate 24 is acted upon by a spring 25. In the base plate I'there is also provided a pin 26 which serves for limiting the movement of the arm Ill.

The mode of operation of the device according to the invention is as follows: In the position of rest, all the rotatable locking discs 4 are in the same relative axial position, that is, the recesses 6 and the recesses I all coincide. For looking, a key 21 is inserted in the lock, the ward 28 of which extends through the slot 3 of the cylinder 2 and engages in the grooves 5 of the rotatable locking discs 4 so that at the rotation of the key there is a coupling between the key and the cylinder and further between the ward of the key, the cylinder and the locking discs, and the cylinder and the locking discs are carried along by the rotation of the key. The ward 28 of thekey 21 is so constructed that its length corresponds to the whole depth of all the rotatable locking discs. Recesses corresponding to the thickness of the locking discs are provided in it. The full parts of the ward carry the corresponding looking discs round at the rotation, while the locking discs opposite the recesses of the ward which in this way are not coupled with the cylinder remain in their original position.

The resilient pawls 9 which engage in the notches 8 of the locking discs ensure that the discs which are not coupled with the key will remain in their original position and will not be moved from this position by friction with the moving discs. It is also of advantage to separate the locking discs from one another by fixed partitions substantially as disclosed in Patent 457,873 in order to prevent in every case the danger of such discs being rotated which should be left in the original position. These partitions may be of different thicknesses and height so that the ward of the key would have to be suitably shaped. This gives a further considerable increase in the number of possible combinations.

The coupling between the key, cylinder and locking discs can also be effected in the manner illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9.

In the wall of the cylinder 2, there are openings 29 in which are provided pins 30 acted upon by springs 30b, and movable in the key slot 3 of the cylinder. The number of the openings 29 corresponds to the number of the rotatable locking discs. The pins 30 are able to couple the locking discs when they are raised against the spring pressure by the respective bits 28 of the key ward entering the slots 3a of rectangular extensions 30a of pins 30. For this purpose the edges of the key bits 28 are rounded off as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 8 so that each individual bit will first lift and then release those pins 30 which it passes when the key is inserted into the lock with a slight pressure. This arrangement may be modifled as shown in Fig. 9B in that the locking discs as long as they are in their original positions, are always coupled with the pins 30, and this coupling may be disconnected for the corresponding discs by the introduction of the key.

A further possibility of coupling between the key, cylinder and locking elements is that shown in Figs. 10 to 12. In this modification there is within the cylinder coaxial with the locking discs 9. number of angular sliding members 3|, the points 32 of which project through the slot of the cylinder 2 and engage in thegrooves 5 of the locking discs 4. When the cylinder is rotated by means of the key 21a inserted in the cylinder, those locking discs are driven in which the points .32 of the sliding members 3| engage. The members 3! are acted upon by springs and are arranged in such a manner that each one in the position of rest can be moved within a' certain group of discs and corresponds to one definite locking disc. By action against the spring pressure, each sliding member can be brought out of the original position and coupled with another locking disc of its group. When counter pressure ceases, the sliding member returns to its original position. The key used for actuating the lock constructed in this way is illustrated in Fig. 12. This key 21a has, corresponding to the number of sliding members in the cylinder, spikes 33, each of which acts upon one sliding member. These spikes are preferably of diflerent lengths. When the key 210. is inserted into the cylinder 2 of Fig. 10, each spike 33 presses on the outer end of the respective angular slide member 3| against the spring pressure and causes the slide member to leave its original position and move under another locking disc of its set, as shown in broken lines in Fig. 10. The disc so engaged by the slide member is that whose distance from the original position of the slide member corresponds to the length of the spike 33 which actuates the slide member.

In the original position the edge l6 of the locking member l5 engages in all the recesses 6 so that the opening I9 of its extension I8 is at the prevented from passing through the opening.

When the key is inserted and rotated with the object of locking, the locking discs corresponding to the full parts of the ward which are now coupled with the cylinder and key are driven so that the locking member I5, I6 is moved out. of the recesses 6 and rests on the periphery 4a of the disc. At the same time. the arm Ill whichis rigidly connected with the cylinder 2 moves during this rotary movement in the direction of the bolt where it lowersthe plate 24 by means of aprojection 34 so that the bolt is no longer secured by the pin 2!. During this part of the rotary movement the opening I9 of the locking member I 8 is-in such a position that the pin 20 of the bolt I2 cannot pass through it. The passage of this pin is only possible when after the further rotation of the locking discs the rotated locking discs have their recesses 1 corresponding with the recesses B of the discs which have remained at rest so that the edge l5 of the locking member l5 .can sink into all these recesses and the opening 19 of the member I8 connected with the locking member has also changed its position. After fur-. ther rotation of the key, the recesses I leave the position corresponding to the recesses 6; thereby the locking member is again forced on to the periphery of the locking discs and thereby closes the passage against the return of the bolt pin 20. The locking process is then ended and the key can be removed from the lock. As will be noted, pin 20 is not able to pass the opening IS in either direction as long as the locking member l5 rests with its edge IE on any non-recessed portion of the periphery of at least one of the discs 4.

In order to make the mechanism perfectly understood, I wish to emphasize that it is of no importance whether the peripheric portions of the discs 4 between the recesses B and 7 are arcshaped or serrated by notches as for instance the notches 8, since it is only necessary in the sense of the invention, to have the locking member l5 temporarily raised in the recesses 6 of the non-' rotated, and the recesses lot the rotated discs 4 'during the time while the stopping member 20 the distance traveled by the stopping member or pin 20 while clearing the path of the locking member IS. The peripheric length of the recess 6 plus that of the non-recessed portion between recesses 6 and 1 corresponds with the distance traveled by the pin 20 when approaching the' path of the locking member l5, and the peripheric length of the non-recessed portion following the recesses 1 in the sense of a locking turn of the key, should preferably not be less than corresponding with the distance traveled by pin 20 during the final part of such locking turn.

In order to prevent the key being withdrawn I in a position other than that for the be inning and ending of the whole locking process, the lock cover plate at the key-hole has an opening at 35' such that the ward oi the key can only be in'- serted or removed from the lock in the recess positions. These recesses are so arranged that they only-agree with the opening and closing position of the lock so that it is not possible to remove the key during the locking operation.

The opening operation is as follows: During the return rotation of the key, the locking discs which were actuated at the locking movement are turned in such a manner that their recesses I on their return path again come to correspond with the recesses 6 of the locking elements which remain in the original position during the locking and opening operations. In this position the edge l6 of the locking member l5 again slides into the various recesses 6 and 1 and thereby makes it possible for the bolt pin 20 to pass through the opening [9 of the extension l8 since also simultaneously with this rotary movement the check of the bolt pin 2| has been lowered by the swinging arm I0 and the bolt l2 begins its opening movement. In the further course of the opening movement, the locking member I5 is again moved on to the periphery of the discs so that the opening I! again moves into a closed position but now no I longer checks the movement of the bolt since the pin 20 has already passed the opening l9. At the close of the opening movement, the locking member If: slides into the various recesses 6 of the locking discs so that the lock is again in its original position in which the key can be drawn out of the lock.

An attempt to open a lock which has been closed with a key which moves certain locking discs by means of a key which fits the look but is of different pattern and whose ward is not able to actuate simultaneously all the discs which were actuated in the locking operation and only these would be unsuccessful for the following reasons: The movement of the bolts I! can only take place when the pin 20 can pass unhindered through the opening IQ of the extension Hi. This is, however, only possible when the extension H! which controls the opening of the passage is in a position in which the edge I6 of the locking member I5 is in the various recesses 6, I of the locking discs. If, however, an attempt is made to open by means of a false key, in which case at least one of the discs actuated during the locking is not driven, the locking member which remains on the periphery of this disc which is not driven cannot drop into the various recesses and thereby open the passage. It is also clear that the corresponding position of the recesses I of the discs which were actuated in closing with the recesses 6 of the disc which remain at rest is absolutely necessary for the opening and it is necessary to drive simultaneously all the discs which were used in looking.

The same result would be obtained if a key were used which would actuate one or more of the locking elements which in the closing remain in the original position. In this case the locking member IE will remain on the periphery of the wrongly driven disc and would prevent the movement of the bolt.

The combination used in locking cannot be destroyed by an attempt to open with a wrong key, for the following reason: A wrong key can only be turned a small angle until pin 20 is in close contact with the locking member l5 since the latter will be prevented from entering the recesses of the discs 4 as fully explained heretofore. In this position, however, the key cannot be retracted because the slots 3, 5 and 35 are no more all in line. In order to retract the wrong key, it

has to be returned to the position in which it had been inserted and in doing so, it returns also those discs which it has taken along and thus reestablishes the setting oi' the lock established by the true key.

It is not absolutely necessary that the movement of the lock should .be effected in combination with the rotation of the cylinder 2 or the locking discs. The movement of the bolt may be independent of the cylinder movement. This may preferably be effected in the manner shown by way of example in Fig. 7. The bolt I2 is moved by means of a toggle lever 36. In its locking position it is secured in its depression 31 by means of a projection 38 protruding from a disc-like extension 40 with which cylinder 2 is provided. Another projection 20a of the disc-like extension has the same object as the pin 20 of the bolt. During the locking, the cylinder together with the discs which are taken along by the key, is rotated in a clockwise direction until the elevated or projecting portion 38 of the approximately elliptical extension 40 enters the recess 31 of bolt I 2. The bolt proper cannot escape because it is prevented by an abutment (not shown) in a manner known per se from being moved still further towards the right side in Figs. 7 and 7A.

In the locking position of the cylinder 2, the

projection 20a is spaced from edge lSa as cleartion 38 is partly moved out of the recess 31 but still in the path of the bolt. In the meantime, those of the discs 4, which had been taken along by the key on the locking turn are so far returned by the same key that an uninterrupted line of disc recesses is created or about to be created into which the edge Ilia can enter when, upon a continuation of the turning movement in anti-clockwise direction, projection 20a urges edge I 9a out of its way in order to permit the completion of the unlocking movement.

It is clear that in all the modifications which have been described by way of example, the looking device can be locked with any key which fits the lock in which the ward construction which influences the choice of the locking discs may be as desired but the opening can only be effected with the key used for looking, or one exactly corresponding to the shape of its wards.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. In a changeable key look, a cylinder having a slot for insertion of a key, a bolt member, a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, and means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylinder, in combination with a locking member, and bolt member stopping means; two recesses in each of said locking discs; said locking member being adapted to engage an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each disc in the course of a locking and of an opening turn of said key, said discs includ- 2. In a changeable key look, a cylinder having a slot for insertion of the key, a bolt member, a. plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, and means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylindcr, in combination with a locking member, and bolt member stopping means; a first and a second recess in and non-recessed portions of each 01 said locking discs; said locking member so arranged and movable with respect to said discs as to be adapted to engage said first recesses of all discs While said bolt member is in its position of rest, said discs including means to remove the locking member from said first recesses upon a first partial turning of any selected discs to remove the recesses out of alignment, means for moving the locking member into an uninterrupted line of first and second recesses, temporarily formed upon a second partial turning of the same selected discs, said discs also including means to remove the locking member from the temporarily formed line of recesses upon a final partial turning of the same selected discs; and the locking member, when engaging said recesses, being out of the path of said stopping member, and, when removed from said recesses, being in the path of said stopping member.

3. In a changeable key look, a cylinder having a slot for insertion of a key, a bolt member, a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, and means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylinder, in combination with a spring charged locking member and bolt member stopping means; two recesses flanked by non-recessed portions each of said locking discs; said spring adapted to urge said locking member into an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said reccsses of each disc in the course ofa locking and of an opening turn of said key, and the flanks of said recesses adapted to remove said locking member from the line of recesses upon the turning of any one of said discs; said locking member when in its one position being out of the path of said stopping member, and when in its other position being in the path of said stopping member.

4. In a changeable key look, a cylinder having a slot for insertion of a key, a bolt member, a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, and means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylinder, in combination with a locking member, means in connection with said cylinder for moving said bolt member into and out of its locking position, and bolt member stopping means; two recesses in each of said locking discs; said locking member being adapted to engage an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each disc in the course of a locking and of an opening turn of said key, said discs including means to remove the locking member from said recesses upon the turning of any selected discs to move the recesses out of'alignment; said locking member when in its one position being out of the path of said stopping member; and when in its other position,being in the path of said stopping member; said bolt member moving means adapted to stop rotation of said cylinder when the stopping member is in contact with the locking member.

5. In a changeable key look, a cylinder having a slot for insertion ofa key, a bolt member, a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, and means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylinder, in-

combination with a locking. member, and bolt member stopping means; a first and a second recess in each of said locking discs, said recesses arranged non-diametrically with respect to each other; said locking member and said stopping member movable on paths intersecting each other; said locking member being adapted to engage an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each disc in thecoursc of a locking and of an opening turn of said key, said discs including means to remove the locking member from said recesses upon the turning of any selected discs to move the recesses out of alignment; said locking member when engaging said recesses, being out of the path of said stopping member, and when removed from said recesses being in the path of said stopping member; and the peripheric length of said second recesses corresponding with the distance traveled by said stopping member while clearing the path of said locking member.

6. In a changeable key look, a. cylinder having a slot for insertion of a key, a. bolt member, a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, and means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylinder, in combination with a locking member, and bolt member stopping means; a first and a second recess in each of said locking discs; a first nonrccessed portion of each locking disc between said first and said second recess and a second nonrsccssed portion adjoining said second recess; said locking member and said stopping member movable on paths intersecting each other; said locking member being adapted to engage an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each disc in the course of a locking and of an opening turn of said key, said discs including means to remove the locking member from said recesses upon the turning of any selected discs to move the recesses out of alignment; said locking member, when engaging said recesses, being out of the path of said stopping member, and when removed from said recesses being in the path of said stopping member, the peripherlc length of said first recess plus said first nonrecessed portion corresponding with the distance traveled by said stopping member approaching the path of said locking member during a second part of a locking turn of said key, and the peripheric length of said second non-recessed portion being not less than corresponding with the distance traveled by said stopping member during a final part -of a locking turn of said key.

7. In a-key lock a cylinder with a slot for insertion of a key, a. plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, spring pressed key operated means for individually coupling said discs with said cylinder and key, a locking member, and bolt member stopping means; two recesses in each of said locking discs; said locking member being adapted to engage an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each disc in the course of a locking and of an opening turn of said key, said discs including means to remove the locking member from said recesses upon the turning of any selected discs to move the recesses out of alignment; said locking member, when in its one position being out of the path of said stopping member, and when in its other position being in the path of said stopping member.

8. Ina key look, a rotatable cylinder with a slot for insertion of a key, a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted .on said cylinder, spring pressed coupling means for each of said locking discs, a locking member, and bolt stopping means; two-recesses in each of said locking discs; said coupling means movable in the key slot of said cylinder and adapted to be controlled by the ward of said key and to couple said key, said cylinder and the respective disc for rotation; said locking member being adapted to engage an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each disc in the course of a locking and of an opening turn of said key, said discs including means to remove the locking member from said recesses upon the turning of any selected discs to move the recesses out of alignment; said locking member, when in its one position, being out of the path of said stopping member, and when in its other position being in the path of said stopping member.

9. In a changeable key lock, a rotatable cylinder with a slot ior insertion of a key, a bolt member,-a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, two recesses in each of said locking discs; means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylinder, a locking member, first means provided on said cylinder for stopping said bolt and second means provided on said cylinder adapted to be engaged by said locking member; said locking member so arranged as to be adapted to simultaneously engage an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each of said discs in the course of a locking and 5 01' an opening turn of said key and to release said second means on said cylinder, said discs including means to move the locking member out or said recesses and into the path of said second means upon the turning of any selected discs to 10 move the recesses out of alignment.

10. In a changeable key lock, a rotatable cylinder with a slot for insertion of a key, a bolt member, a plurality of individually operable and rotatable locking discs mounted on said cylinder, 1 means for selectively coupling said discs and said cylinder, an escapement-like locking member having two edges, first means provided on said cylinder for stopping said bolt and second means provided on said cylinder adapted to be engaged 20 by said locking member; two recesses in each of said locking discs; said locking member adapted to alternately engage, with one of its edges, an uninterrupted line of recesses temporarily formed by one of said recesses of each of said discs in 25 the course of a locking and of an opening turn of said key, and, with the other one of its edges, said second means for preventing rotation of said cylinder.

SIMON FUTRAN.

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