US20240026222A1 - Semiconductor nanoparticles and electronic device including the same - Google Patents

Semiconductor nanoparticles and electronic device including the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20240026222A1
US20240026222A1 US18/021,740 US202018021740A US2024026222A1 US 20240026222 A1 US20240026222 A1 US 20240026222A1 US 202018021740 A US202018021740 A US 202018021740A US 2024026222 A1 US2024026222 A1 US 2024026222A1
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Prior art keywords
semiconductor
semiconductor compound
compound
nanoparticle
semiconductor nanoparticle
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Inventor
Sunyoung Kwon
WanKi BAE
Hakjune LEE
Youngsoo Kwon
Keunchan OH
Hyeokjin Lee
Junhyuk CHANG
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
Sungkyunkwan University Research and Business Foundation
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
Sungkyunkwan University Research and Business Foundation
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Assigned to SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD., Research & Business Foundation Sungkyunkwan University reassignment SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Bae, Wanki, CHANG, JUNHYUK, KWON, SUNYOUNG, KWON, YOUNGSOO, LEE, HAKJUNE, LEE, HYEOKJIN, OH, KEUNCHAN
Publication of US20240026222A1 publication Critical patent/US20240026222A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/88—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing selenium, tellurium or unspecified chalcogen elements
    • C09K11/881—Chalcogenides
    • C09K11/883—Chalcogenides with zinc or cadmium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
    • H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
    • H01L33/28—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group II and Group VI of the Periodic Table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

Definitions

  • a semiconductor nanoparticle and an electronic device including the same.
  • Quantum dots Semiconductor nanoparticles, as nanoscale-sized crystalline materials with a size of several nanometers, exhibit a quantum confinement effect, and are also referred to as quantum dots.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticles receive light from an excitation source and thus enter an excited state, and thereafter emit energy corresponding to an energy band gap.
  • Semiconductor nanoparticles exhibit characteristics such as excellent color purity and high luminous efficiency, and accordingly, may be used in various applications. In detail, semiconductor nanoparticles may be used in a lighting apparatus, a display apparatus, and the like.
  • a semiconductor nanoparticle and an electronic device including the same are provided.
  • a cadmium-free semiconductor nanoparticle and an electronic device including the same are provided.
  • a semiconductor nanoparticle includes a cluster including a first semiconductor compound, a core covering at least a surface of the cluster and including a second semiconductor compound, and a shell covering at least a surface of the core and including a third semiconductor compound.
  • the first semiconductor compound and the third semiconductor compound each include zinc (Zn)
  • the second semiconductor compound includes Zn, tellurium (Te), and selenium (Se)
  • the first semiconductor compound and the second semiconductor compound are different from each other
  • the second semiconductor compound and the third semiconductor compound are different from each other.
  • the first semiconductor compound may include ZnSe.
  • the second semiconductor compound may be represented by ZnSe 1-x Te x .
  • x may satisfy 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5.
  • x may satisfy 0.33 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5.
  • the third semiconductor compound may include ZnSe or ZnSe y S 1-y .
  • y may satisfy 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.
  • a band gap of the first semiconductor compound may be greater than that of the second semiconductor compound, and a band gap of the third semiconductor compound may be greater than that of the second semiconductor compound.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may have a spherical quantum well.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may emit light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 445 nanometers (nm) to about 550 nm.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may further include an outer shell that covers at least a surface of the shell and includes a fourth semiconductor compound.
  • the fourth semiconductor compound may include a Group II element.
  • the fourth semiconductor compound may include Zn, and may be a binary compound or a ternary compound.
  • the fourth semiconductor compound may include ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, or any combinations thereof.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may emit light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 470 nm to about 650 nm.
  • the cluster may have an average diameter of less than or equal to about 0.5 nm.
  • the core may have an average diameter in a range of about 2 nm to about 5 nm.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may have an average diameter in a range of about 3 nm to about 13 nm.
  • an electronic device includes a first substrate; a light-emitting device; and a second substrate.
  • the second substrate may include the semiconductor nanoparticle.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may be included in one area of the second substrate, and may absorb blue light and emit visible light.
  • the second substrate may further include another area distinct from the one area, and the another area may not include the semiconductor nanoparticle, but may include a scatterer.
  • the second substrate may be disposed in a traveling direction of light emitted from the light-emitting device.
  • an electronic device includes a first electrode; a second electrode; and an interlayer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the interlayer may include the semiconductor nanoparticle.
  • the lattice mismatch between the core and the shell may be reduced, thereby improving light efficiency.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may have a larger diameter as being prepared by a cluster. Therefore, the electronic device including the semiconductor nanoparticle may have improved efficiency and improved color purity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a semiconductor nanoparticle.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a semiconductor nanoparticle.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing ultraviolet-visible (“UV-Vis”) absorption spectra of Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing photoluminescence (“PL”) spectra of Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing PL quantum yield (“QY”) of Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing time-dependent photoluminescence quantum yield (“PLQY”) of Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • FIG. 9 is a transmission electron microscopy (“TEM”) image of Example 1
  • FIG. 10 is a TEM image of Example 2.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are each a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a structure of an electronic device.
  • maximum luminescence wavelength refers to a wavelength value corresponding to a point having a maximum emission intensity in a photoluminescence (“PL”) spectrum of a solution or film sample including a compound.
  • FWHM full width at half maximum
  • Group used herein refers to a group on the international union of pure and applied chemistry (“IUPAC”) Periodic Table of Elements.
  • average diameter refers to an average value of diameters measured from all semiconductor nanoparticles included in any sample.
  • average thickness refers to an average value of thicknesses measured from all semiconductor nanoparticles included in any sample.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 includes a cluster 110 including or consisting of a first semiconductor compound, a core 120 covering at least a surface of the cluster 110 and including a second semiconductor compound, and a shell 130 covering at least a surface of the core 120 and including a third semiconductor compound.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 When the core 120 included in the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 grows to cover at least a surface of the cluster 110 , a lattice of the second semiconductor compound may be formed in the lattice shape of the first semiconductor compound. Then, the shell 130 may be formed to cover at least a surface of the core 120 , and as a result, lattice mismatch between the core 120 and the shell 130 may be reduced. Accordingly, the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have improved luminescence efficiency.
  • the first semiconductor compound may include zinc (Zn).
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may not include a heavy metal such as cadmium (Cd). Although the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 does not include a heavy metal such as Cd, the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have a spherical quantum well (“SQW”) structure by Zn.
  • a heavy metal such as cadmium (Cd).
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have a spherical quantum well (“SQW”) structure by Zn.
  • the first semiconductor compound may include Zn together with one or more selected from Group VI elements.
  • the first semiconductor compound may include Zn together with one or more selected from sulfur (S), selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te).
  • the first semiconductor compound may be ZnSe.
  • the cluster 110 may have an average diameter (R 1 ) of less than or equal to about 1.5 nanometers (nm). In embodiments, the cluster 110 may have an average diameter R 1 of less than or equal to about 1.4 nm. Since the average diameter R 1 of the cluster 110 is less than or equal to about 1.5 nm, the cluster 110 is distinguished from a commonly mentioned core in the art. In addition, since the average diameter R 1 of the cluster 110 is less than or equal to about 1.5 nm, the cluster 110 may not satisfy a band gap suitable for luminescence. Typically, a core or the like may have a diameter in a range of about 2 nm to about 7 nm.
  • the second semiconductor compound may include Zn, Te, and Se.
  • the second semiconductor compound may be represented by ZnSe 1-x Te x .
  • x may satisfy 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, and refers to a compositional ratio of Te to Ze in ZnSe 1-x Te x included in the core 120 of the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 .
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may emit visible light, e.g., blue visible light or green visible light.
  • the proportion of Te in the core 120 of the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 decreases so that an emission wavelength of the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 is shortened.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may not emit visible light, or may emit purple visible light.
  • a thin film including the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have low absorbance for visible light, and thus an electronic device coupled with a light-emitting device emitting visible light may have reduced efficiency.
  • x may satisfy 0.33 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may emit green light, for example.
  • the core 120 may include two or more types of the second semiconductor compound having different compositions.
  • the core 120 may include ZnSe 0.75 Te 0.25 , ZnSe 0.66 Te 0.33 , ZnSe 0.50 Te 0.50 , or any combinations thereof, for example.
  • the core 120 may have an average diameter (R 2 ) in a range of about 2.0 nm to about 5.0 nm, e.g., greater than or equal to 2.5 nm, greater than or equal to 3 nm, greater than or equal to 3.2 nm, less than or equal to 4.5 nm, or less than or equal to 4 nm.
  • the third semiconductor compound may include Zn.
  • the third semiconductor compound may include Zn together with one or more selected from Group VI elements.
  • the third semiconductor compound may include Zn together with one or more selected from S, Se, and Te.
  • the third semiconductor compound may include ZnSe or ZnSe y S 1-y .
  • y may satisfy 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, and refers to a compositional ratio of Se to Zn in ZnSe y S 1-y .
  • the third semiconductor compound includes ZnSe or ZnSe y S 1-y , the lattice mismatch between the core 120 and the shell 130 may be reduced, thereby minimizing structural defects of nanoparticle. Accordingly, the shell may be formed to a be sufficiently thick, so as to improve stability of the semiconductor nanoparticle.
  • the third semiconductor compound may include ZnSe, ZnSeS, or ZnS, for example.
  • the shell may have an average thickness (D 1 ) in a range of 0.25 nm to 1.5 nm, and for example, the average thickness D 1 of the shell may be greater than or equal to 0.3 nm, greater than or equal to 0.4 nm, greater than or equal to 0.5 nm, less than or equal to 1.3 nm, less than or equal to 1.2 nm, or less than or equal to 1.1 nm.
  • the shell 130 may act as a protective layer which prevents chemical denaturation of the core 120 to maintain semiconductor characteristics, and/or as a charging layer which impart electrophoretic characteristics to the semiconductor nanoparticle.
  • the shell 130 may consist of a single layer or multiple layers, and an interface between the core 120 and the shell 130 may have a concentration gradient in which a concentration of an element in the shell 130 decreases toward the center.
  • the first semiconductor compound and the second semiconductor compound may be different from each other, and the second semiconductor compound and the third semiconductor compound may be different from each other.
  • the first semiconductor compound and the third semiconductor compound may be identical to each other.
  • the first semiconductor compound may be ZnSe
  • the third semiconductor compound may be also ZnSe, for example, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • a band gap of the cluster 110 may be greater than that of the core 120 , and a band gap of the shell 130 may be also greater than that of the core 120 .
  • the band gap of the cluster 110 may be in a range of 3.7 electronvolts (eV) to 3.72 eV
  • the band gap of the core 120 may be in a range of 2.4 eV to 2.95 eV
  • the band of the shell 130 may be in a range of 2.82 eV to 3.2 eV, for example, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 having improved efficiency and improved stability may be provided.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle having a Quasi-type II band structure, but having improved efficiency and improved stability may be provided.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have an SQW.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may emit visible light. In an embodiment, the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may emit light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 445 nm to 550 nm, for example. In an embodiment, the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may emit light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 480 nm to 540 nm. In embodiments, the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may emit light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 530 nm to 540 nm. Accordingly, when the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 is applied to a color conversion member, blue or green color having high luminance and high color purity may be implemented.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have an average diameter (R 2 +2D 1 ) in a range of 3.0 nm to 13.0 nm.
  • the average diameter R 2 +2D 1 of the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have may be greater than or equal to 4.0 nm, greater than or equal to 4.5 nm, greater than or equal to 5.0 nm, less than or equal to 7.0 nm, less than or equal to 6.5 nm, or less than or equal to 6.0 nm, for example.
  • a full width at half maximum (“FWHM”) of an emission wavelength spectrum of the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may be less than or equal to nm, e.g., less than or equal to 55 nm or less than or equal to 40 nm.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have high color purity, excellent color reproducibility, and a wide viewing angle.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may have reduced lattice mismatch between the core 120 and the shell 130 , and have reduced generation of structural defects at the interface between the core 120 and the shell 130 , so that the shell 120 may be formed to a sufficiently thickness.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may be prepared in a relatively large size.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle in an embodiment may implement high efficiency and high color purity.
  • a form of the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 is not specifically limited, and may be any one commonly used in the art.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may be a spherical, pyramidal, multi-arm, or cubic nanoparticle, nanotube, nanowire, nanofiber, or nanoplate particle, for example.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may further include other compounds in addition to the above-described composition.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 may include, in the core 120 or the shell 130 , a Group II-VI compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group IV element or compound, a Group compound, or any combinations thereof, for example.
  • the Group II-VI compound may include a binary compound selected from CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and any combinations thereof; a ternary compound selected from CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, and any combinations thereof; a quaternary compound selected from CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHg
  • the Group III-VI compound may include a binary compound selected from In 2 S 3 , In 2 Se 3 , and any combinations thereof; a ternary compound selected from InGaS 3 , InGaSe 3 , and any combinations thereof; or any combinations thereof, for example.
  • the Group III-V compound may include a binary compound selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and any combinations thereof; a ternary compound selected from GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and any combinations thereof; a quaternary compound selected from GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and any combinations thereof; or any combinations thereof, for example.
  • the Group IV-VI compound may include a binary compound selected from SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and any combinations thereof; a ternary compound selected from SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and any combinations thereof; a quaternary compound selected from SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and any combinations thereof; or any combinations thereof, for example.
  • the Group IV element or compound may include a unary compound selected from Si, Ge, and any combinations thereof; a binary compound selected from SiC, SiGe, and any combinations thereof; or any combinations thereof, for example.
  • the Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound may include a ternary compound selected from AgInS, AgInS 2 , CuInS, CuInS 2 , CuGaO 2 , AgGaO 2 , AgAlO 2 , and any combinations thereof; or any combinations thereof, for example.
  • the binary compound, the ternary compound, or the quaternary compound may exist in particles at uniform concentration, or may exist in the same particle in a state in which a concentration distribution is partially different.
  • the shell 130 may further include a metal oxide, a non-metal oxide, or any combinations thereof.
  • the metal oxide or the non-metal oxide may be a binary compound, such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , NiO, or the like; or a ternary compound, such as MgAl 2 O 4 , CoFe 2 O 4 , NiFe 2 O 4 , CoMn 2 O 4 , or the like, for example.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may include: a cluster 210 including or consisting of a first semiconductor compound; a core 220 covering at least a surface of the cluster 210 and including a second semiconductor compound; a first shell 230 covering at least a surface of the core 220 and including a third semiconductor compound; and a second shell 240 covering at least a surface of the first shell 230 and including a fourth semiconductor compound.
  • the first shell 230 and the second shell 240 may be also referred to as an inner shell and an outer shell, respectively.
  • the descriptions of the first semiconductor compound, the second semiconductor compound, and the third semiconductor compound included in the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may be referred to those described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 , and may be the same as the first semiconductor compound, the second semiconductor compound, and the third semiconductor compound included in the semiconductor nanoparticle 1 , respectively. Thus, overlapping descriptions will be omitted.
  • the fourth semiconductor compound may include a Group II element.
  • the fourth semiconductor compound may include Zn, and may be a binary compound or a ternary compound.
  • the fourth semiconductor compound may include ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, or ZnSTe.
  • the first semiconductor compound may be ZnS.
  • the outer shell may have an average thickness (D 2 ) in a range of 0.3 nm to 1.5 nm.
  • the average thickness D 2 of the outer shell 240 may be greater than or equal to 0.4 nm, greater than or equal to 0.5 nm, less than or equal to 1.4 nm, less than or equal to 1.3 nm, less than or equal to 1.2 nm, or less than or equal to 1.1 nm, for example.
  • the outer shell 240 may act as a protective layer which prevents chemical denaturation of the core 220 to maintain semiconductor characteristics, and/or as a charging layer which impart electrophoretic characteristics to the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 .
  • the outer shell 240 may consist of a single layer or multiple layers, and an interface between the inner shell 230 and the outer shell 240 may have a concentration gradient in which a concentration of an element in the outer shell 240 decreases toward the center.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may emit visible light other than blue light.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may emit light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 470 nm to 650 m.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may emit light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 490 nm to 570 nm. Accordingly, when the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 is applied to a color conversion member, green color having high luminance and high color purity may be implemented.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may have an average diameter (R 2 +2D 1 +2D 2 ) in a range of 3.0 nm to 13.0 nm.
  • the average diameter R 2 +2D 1 +2D 2 of the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may be greater than or equal to 4.0 nm, greater than or equal to 4.5 nm, greater than or equal to 5.0 nm, greater than or equal to 5.5 nm, greater than or equal to 6.0 nm, less than or equal to 10.0 nm, less than or equal to 9.5 nm, less than or equal to 9.0 nm, less than or equal to 8.5 nm, or less than or equal to 8.0 nm, for example.
  • an FWHM of an emission wavelength spectrum of the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may be less than or equal to 60 nm, e.g., less than or equal to 55 nm or less than or equal to 40 nm.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle 2 may have high color purity, excellent color reproducibility, and a wide viewing angle.
  • the electronic device may include a light-emitting device including: the semiconductor nanoparticle and a first electrode; a second electrode; and an interlayer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the electronic device may include a liquid crystal display apparatus, an organic light-emitting display apparatus, or an inorganic light-emitting display apparatus.
  • the electronic device when the electronic device further includes a liquid crystal, the electronic device may be a liquid crystal display apparatus, for example.
  • the light-emitting device may act as a light source, and the semiconductor nanoparticle may be included outside the light-emitting device and the liquid crystal to act as a color conversion member.
  • the electronic device may be an organic light-emitting display device.
  • the light-emitting device may act as a light source, and the semiconductor nanoparticle may be included outside the light-emitting device to act as a color conversion member.
  • the electronic device may be an inorganic light-emitting display device.
  • the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor in addition to the light-emitting device as described above.
  • the thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an activation layer. Any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting device.
  • the thin-film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, or the like.
  • the active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, or the like.
  • the electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device.
  • the sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be extracted to the outside, and simultaneously prevents ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device.
  • the sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate.
  • the sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer including at least one layer of an organic layer and/or an inorganic layer. When the sealing portion is a thin film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.
  • the functional layer is a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, and a polarizing layer.
  • the touch screen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touch screen layer, a capacitive touch screen layer, or an infrared touch screen layer.
  • the electronic device 3 may include a first substrate 310 , a light-emitting device 320 , and a second substrate 340 .
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may be included outside the light-emitting device 320 (i.e., on a first electrode and/or a second electrode).
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may be included in the second substrate 340 disposed outside the light-emitting device 320 .
  • the second substrate 340 may function as a color conversion member, and the light-emitting device 320 may function as a light source.
  • the light-emitting device 320 may include a first electrode 321 , a second electrode 323 , and an interlayer 322 arranged between the first electrode 321 and the second electrode 323 .
  • the electronic device 3 may be an organic light-emitting display device. Accordingly, the light-emitting device 320 may include an organic emission layer in the interlayer 322 .
  • a pixel-defining layer 330 may be arranged on the first electrode 321 .
  • the pixel-defining layer 330 exposes a region of the first electrode 321 , and the interlayer 322 may be arranged in the exposed region.
  • a region 341 of the second substrate 340 may include the semiconductor nanoparticle.
  • the second substrate 340 may be disposed in a direction which light emitted from the light-emitting device 320 travels.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may absorb blue light and emit visible light.
  • the second substrate 340 may be designed to absorb blue light and emit light having a wide color range of wavelengths.
  • the light-emitting device 320 may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 400 nm to 490 nm, for example, and the thin film may absorb the blue light and emit visible light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 445 nm to 650 nm, for example.
  • the second substrate 340 may further include a scatterer.
  • the second substrate 340 may further include another region (not shown) different from the region 341 , and the another region may not include the semiconductor nanoparticle, and the another region may transmit the blue light from the light-emitting device 320 .
  • the region 341 may include the semiconductor nanoparticle, and the another region may include only the scatterer.
  • the second substrate 340 may further include a light-shielding pattern 344 between the region 341 and the another region.
  • the electronic device 4 includes a first substrate 410 and a light-emitting device 420 .
  • the light-emitting device 420 includes a first electrode 421 , a second electrode 423 , and an interlayer 422 arranged between the first electrode 421 and the second electrode 423 .
  • a pixel-defining layer 430 may be may be arranged on the first electrode 421 .
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may be included in the interlayer 422 , e.g., in an emission layer included in the interlayer 422 .
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle may emit visible light. Accordingly, the light-emitting device 420 may be designed to emit light having a wide color range of wavelengths. In an embodiment, the semiconductor nanoparticle may emit visible light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of 445 nm to 650 nm, for example.
  • the interlayer 422 may further include an auxiliary layer between the emission layer and the first electrode 421 and/or between the emission layer and the second electrode 423 .
  • the auxiliary layer may directly contact the emission layer.
  • the auxiliary layer may improve thin film characteristics of the emission layer.
  • the interlayer 422 may further include a first charge transport region between the emission layer and the first electrode 421 and/or a second charge transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 423 .
  • the method of preparing the semiconductor nanoparticle includes forming a cluster including or consisting of a first semiconductor compound and then forming a core including a second semiconductor compound to cover at least a surface of the cluster; and forming a shell including a third semiconductor compound to cover at least a surface of the core.
  • the first semiconductor compound and the third semiconductor compound may each include Zn, and the second semiconductor compound may include Zn, Te, and Se.
  • the first semiconductor compound and the second semiconductor compound may be different from each other, and the second semiconductor compound and the third semiconductor compound may be different from each other.
  • a mixture of a precursor of the first semiconductor compound and a solvent may be allowed for a reaction at a cluster-forming temperature, e.g., a temperature in a range of 200 degrees Celsius (° C.) to 250° C., for example 230° C. to form a cluster including or consisting of the first semiconductor compound.
  • the precursor of the first semiconductor compound essentially includes Zn.
  • the cluster thus formed does not undergo any separate isolation process, and a Se precursor and/or a Te precursor may be directly added thereto to form a core including the second semiconductor compound.
  • a core that covers at least a portion of the cluster may be formed right on top of the cluster after the cluster grows. Accordingly, the core may grow along the lattice of the cluster.
  • the highly reactive Se precursor and/or Te precursor may react with Zn to form a core that does not include the cluster, rather than a core that covers at least a portion of the cluster, for example. That is, when the cluster includes Cd, due to a large difference of reactivity to Zn, a core may not be formed according to the method described above.
  • a resultant combination may be allowed for a reaction at a temperature in a range of 200° C. to 250° C., e.g., at a temperature of 230° C.
  • the reaction may proceed for 30 minutes to form a core, for example.
  • a precursor of the third semiconductor compound may be added and reacted to form a shell.
  • a reaction temperature at which the shell is formed may be in a range of 280° C. to 320° C., e.g., 300° C. to 320° C., and a reaction time for which the shell is formed is 15 minutes.
  • a purification process and/or a separation process may be further performed or may be omitted.
  • the solvent may be an organic solvent.
  • the solvent may be trioctylamine, oleylamine, 1-octadecene (“ODE”), or the like, for example.
  • Example 1 Synthesis of ZnSe/ZeSe 0.66 Te 0.33 /ZnSe Semiconductor Nanoparticle
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle of Example 1 included a ZnSe cluster, a ZeSe 0.66 Te 0.33 core, and a ZnSe shell.
  • FIG. 9 shows a transmission electron microscopy (“TEM”) image of the semiconductor nanoparticle of Example 1.
  • the semiconductor nanoparticle of Example 2 included a ZnSe cluster, a ZeSe 0.66 Te 0.33 core, a ZnSe shell, and a ZnS outer shell.
  • FIG. 10 shows a TEM image of the semiconductor nanoparticle of Example 2.
  • UV-Vis ultraviolet-visible
  • PLQY photoluminescence quantum yield
  • Example 2 including the cluster had a significantly improved PLQY compared to the semiconductor nanoparticle of Comparative Example 2 not including the cluster.
  • Example 2 including the cluster had a significantly longer lifespan than the semiconductor nanoparticle of Comparative Example 2 not including the cluster.

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