Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
  • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
  • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
  • C10M137/105—Thio derivatives not containing metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M153/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M153/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M157/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M157/02 - C10M157/08
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of lubricant compositions, in particular for automotive vehicles and more especially for lubrication of the transmission components of automotive vehicles, particularly the gearing of the transmissions of internal combustion engines or electric motors.
• the transmission components of automotive vehicles operate under a heavy load and high speeds.
• the oils for these transmissions must therefore have particularly good performance to protect parts against wear and fatigue, and in particular to protect the teeth of gearing against the phenomenon of spalling.
• a lubricant composition takes part in this process of prevention chiefly via the physicochemical reactivity of the additives included therein.
• the addition is made of sulfur-, phosphorus- or boron-containing antiwear and extreme pressure additives which impart protective properties to transmission oils against spalling.
• the other additives contained in a lubricant composition can also have a negative or positive impact on the propagation of cracking inside parts, and hence on the phenomenon of spalling.
• a lubricant composition used in transmission components can start to deteriorate.
• Document WO 2010/126760 describes a lubricant composition
• a lubricant composition comprising a base oil and a polymer of phosphorus ester type comprising the condensation reaction product of an acid or phosphorus ester with a diol in which the two hydroxy functions are separated by a chain of 4 to 100 carbon atoms.
• Document WO 2016/089565 describes a lubricant composition comprising a base oil and a phosphite ester composition comprising the condensation reaction product of an acid or phosphorus ester with at least two diols.
• the present invention relates to a lubricant composition
• a lubricant composition comprising:
• the polymer of formula (I) has a weight average molecular weight lower than 30000 g/mol.
• the phosphite polymer represents from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the dispersant is a boron-containing dispersant and is preferably selected from among boronated and optionally phosphorated succinimides, preferably boronated and optionally phosphorated polyisobutylene succinimides.
• the lubricant composition comprises from 5 to 9150 ppm by weight of phosphorus, preferably from 5 to 4500 ppm by weight of phosphorus, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition also comprises an antiwear additive selected from among phosphorus antiwear additives, sulfur antiwear additives, sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additives, phosphorus-amine antiwear additives, sulfur-amine antiwear additives, and mixtures thereof, preferably in a proportion ranging from 0.01 to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• an antiwear additive selected from among phosphorus antiwear additives, sulfur antiwear additives, sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additives, phosphorus-amine antiwear additives, sulfur-amine antiwear additives, and mixtures thereof, preferably in a proportion ranging from 0.01 to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition comprises from 5 to 4000 ppm by weight of sulfur, preferably from 7 to 1000 ppm by weight of sulfur, more preferably from 10 to 800 ppm by weight of sulfur relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition comprises:
• the invention also concerns the use of a phosphite polymer in combination with a dispersant, to improve the anticorrosion properties of a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, said phosphite polymer replying to formula (I):
• the invention also concerns the use of the lubricant composition of the invention to lubricate at least one mechanical part of an automotive vehicle, preferably contained in a transmission component of an automotive vehicle, and preferably the gearing of an automotive vehicle.
• the lubricant composition of the invention has the advantage of exhibiting very good properties to reduce the phenomenon of spalling, in particular when used under a heavy load and under high speeds.
• the lubricant composition of the invention typically has good durability.
• the lubricant composition of the invention also has improved properties of resistance to copper corrosion. Copper is particularly present in the transmission systems of electric vehicles.
• the present invention concerns a lubricant composition
• a lubricant composition comprising;
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises at least one phosphite polymer replying to formula (I):
• alkyl it is meant a linear or branched, non-cyclic saturated hydrocarbon chain optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
• the alkyls are formed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.
• alkenyl it is meant a linear or branched, non-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon chain optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
• the alkenyls are formed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.
• cycloalkyl it is meant a saturated monocyclic or polycyclic group optionally having one or more alkyl or alkenyl substituents, said ring(s) can themselves be substituted by one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
• the cycloalkyls are formed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.
• cycloalkenyl it is meant an unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic group optionally having one or more alkyl or alkenyl substituents, said ring(s) can themselves be substituted by one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
• the cycloalkenyls are formed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.
• a «C i -C j group» is a group having from i to j carbon atoms.
• the Y group is selected from among alkylenes having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
• m ranges from 4 to 100.
• the phosphite polymer of formula (I) has a weight average molecular weight lower than 30000 g/mol, preferably ranging from 3000 to 20000 g/mol.
• Weight average molecular weight can be measured by size exclusion chromatography.
• the phosphite polymer of formula (I) has a number average molecular weight lower than 10000 g/mol, preferably ranging from 1000 to 5000 g/mol. Number average molecular weight can be measured by size exclusion chromatography.
• the phosphite polymer of formula (I) has a polydispersity index ranging from 1 to 5, preferably ranging from 2 to 4.
• the phosphite polymer of formula (I) contains less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, even less than 0.7% by weight of (alkyl)phenol group, relative to the total weight of the phosphite polymer in formula (I).
• the phosphite polymer of formula (I) is fully free of aromatic groups differing from the (alkyl)phenol groups.
• the phosphite polymer is in liquid form.
• the phosphite polymer has a phosphorus content ranging from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the phosphite polymer.
• the phosphite polymer used in the invention can be obtained with the method described in document WO2011102861.
• the polymer can be obtained with the method described in paragraphs 27 to 32 of this document.
• polymers of formula (I) generally implies a transesterification in which triphenyl phosphite (or any other suitable alkyl or aryl phosphite) can be reacted with a saturated or unsaturated alcohol, or a polyethylene or polypropylene glycol ether, and a diol or a diol polymer H(OY) m OH where m and Y are such as previously defined, with a suitable basic catalyst at a temperature of between 20° C. and 250° C., and preferably at a temperature of between 50° C. and 185° C.
• saturated or unsaturated alcohols mention can be made of decyl, isodecyl, lauryl, tridecyl, isotridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, stearyl, isostearyl, oleic alcohols, monohydroxylated glycol ethers.
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises from 0.01 to 10% by weight of phosphite polymer(s) relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises one or more base oils, preferably in an amount of at least 70% by weight, preferably ranging from 70 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 80 to 98% by weight, and further preferably from 85 to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• base oils can be selected from among base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricant oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural animal or vegetable oils, or mixtures thereof.
• It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three or four base oils.
• the base oils of the lubricant compositions under consideration in the invention can in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to Groups I to V of the groups defined by the API classification (or the equivalents thereof in the ATIEL classification) and are given in Table 1 below, or mixtures thereof.
• Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric or vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, deasphalting, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and hydrofinishing.
• Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, possibly being biosourced, can also be used.
• the base oils of the compositions used in the invention can also be selected from among synthetic oils, such as some esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbons atoms.
• synthetic oils such as some esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbons atoms.
• the PAOs used as base oils are obtained for example from monomers having 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
• the weight average molecular weight of the PAO can vary widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the PAO is lower than 600 Da.
• the weight average molecular weight of the PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or from 200 to 600 Da.
• the base oil or oils of the lubricant composition of the invention can be selected from among the base oils in Group II or Group III.
• the base oil or oils of the composition used in the invention are selected from among polyalphaolefins (PAOs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) and the esters of carboxylic acids and of alcohols.
• PAOs polyalphaolefins
• PAGs polyalkylene glycols
• esters of carboxylic acids and of alcohols are selected from among polyalphaolefins (PAOs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) and the esters of carboxylic acids and of alcohols.
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises at least one dispersant.
• the dispersant will allow the maintained suspension and evacuation of insoluble solid contaminants formed by the secondary products of oxidation which are formed when the lubricant composition is in service.
• the dispersant can be selected from among succinimide dispersants, succinic ester dispersants, ester-amide succinic dispersants, Mannich base dispersants, and mixtures thereof, said dispersants possibly being in boronated form and/or in phosphorated form.
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises at least one boron-containing dispersant and/or at least one boron-free dispersant, preferably at least one boron-containing dispersant.
• boron-free dispersant in the meaning of the present invention, it is meant a dispersant additive free of boron atoms, said dispersant possibly comprising one or more phosphorus atoms.
• the boron-free dispersant is selected from among succinimide compounds, such as polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSIs).
• succinimide compounds such as polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSIs).
• boron-containing dispersant in the meaning of the present invention, it is meant a dispersant additive comprising at least one boron atom, said dispersant possibly comprising one or more phosphorus atoms, in which case the term boronated and phosphorated dispersant is used.
• the boron-containing dispersant is selected from among boronated succinimide compounds such as boronated polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSIs), or from among boron-phosphorus compounds such as boronated and phosporated polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSIs).
• PIBSIs boronated polyisobutylene succinimides
• PIBSIs boron-phosphorus compounds
• PIBSIs boronated and phosporated polyisobutylene succinimides
• the boron-containing compound is selected from among the reaction products of a PIBSA with a boronated polyalkylene amine (PIBSA/boronated PAM), the reaction products of a PIBSA with a boronated and phosphorated polyalkylene amine (PIBSA/boronated-phosphorated PAM).
• the PIB chain has a molar mass ranging from 750 to 3000 g/mol.
• the boron-containing dispersant has a boron content ranging from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.25 to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the boron-containing dispersant.
• the boron-containing dispersant is selected from among boron-phosphorus compounds, in which case the boron content preferably ranges from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.25 to 3% by weight, and the phosphorus content preferably ranges from 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, more preferably from 0.2 to 1.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the boron-containing dispersant.
• the boron-containing dispersant does not comprise phosphorus.
• the lubricant composition comprises from 0.01 to 5% by weight of boron-containing dispersant(s) and/or boron-free dispersant(s), preferably from 0.1 to 4% by weight of boron-containing dispersant(s) and/or boron-free dispersant(s), relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• a dispersant preferably a boron-containing dispersant
• the phosphite polymer of formula (I) allows an improvement in the anticorrosion properties of the lubricant composition.
• the antiwear additives optionally used in the lubricant composition of the invention are selected from among phosphorus antiwear additives, sulfur antiwear additives, sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additives, and mixtures thereof.
• antiwear additive optionally added to the lubricant composition of the invention typically differs from the phosphite polymer of formula (I).
• a «phosphorus antiwear additive» shall designate an antiwear comprising at least one phosphorus atom and not comprising sulfur, said phosphorus antiwear additive may optionally comprise one or more nitrogen atoms (in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms). In this case, it can be designated a «phosphorus-amine antiwear additive».
• a «sulfur antiwear additive» shall designate an antiwear additive comprising at least one sulfur atom and not comprising phosphorus, said said sulfur antiwear additive may optionally comprise one or more nitrogen atoms (in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms). In this case it can be designated an sulfur-amine antiwear additive».
• a «sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additive» shall designate an antiwear additive comprising at least one phosphorus atom and at least one sulfur atom, said sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additive may optionally comprise one or more nitrogen atoms (in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms). In this case, it can be designated a «sulfur-phosphorus-amine antiwear additive».
• phosphorus antiwear additives mention can be made of phosphates, phosphites, and phosphonates. These terms designate phosphoric, phosphorous, phosphonic acids as well as the mono-, di- and triesters thereof, for example alkyl phosphates, alkyl phosphonates, and the salts thereof e.g. amine salts.
• the sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additives optionally used in the present invention can be (mono- or di-) thiophosphates and thiophosphites, these terms including thiophosphoric and thiophosphorous acids, the esters of these acids, the salts thereof, dithiophosphites and dithiophosphates.
• sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additives mention can be made of monobutylthiophosphates, monooctylthiophosphates, monolaurylthiophosphates, dibutylthiophosphates, dilaurylthiophosphates, tributylthiophosphates, trioctylthiophosphates, triphenylthiophosphates, monooctylthiophosphites, trilaurylthiophosphates, monolaurylthiophosphites, monobutylthiophosphites, dibutylthiophosphites, dilaurylthiophosphites, tributylthiophosphites, trioctylthiophosphites, triphenylthiophosphites, trilaurylthiophosphites and the salts thereof.
• ester salts of thiophosphoric acid and thiophosphorous acid are those obtained by reaction with a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia or an amine or zinc oxide or zinc chloride.
• the antiwear additive(s) used in the invention are selected from among sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additives, sulfur-amine antiwear additives, and mixtures thereof.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 5% by weight of antiwear additive(s), preferably from 0.05 to 3% by weight of antiwear additive(s), relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the quantity of antiwear additives can be adapted to obtain a phosphorus content ranging from 5 to 9150 ppm by weight in the lubricant composition.
• the phosphorus content in the lubricant composition of the invention ranges from 5 to 4500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the inventors have discovered that the combination of the phosphite polymer of formula (I), with a boron-containing dispersant and a phosphorus, sulfur or sulfur-phosphorus antiwear additive, allows further improvement in the anticorrosion properties of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise any types of functional additives differing from the phosphite polymer and antiwear additives defined in the context of the present invention, and which are adapted for use in a lubricant for automotive vehicles, in particular for manual or automatic transmissions of automotive vehicles.
• Such additives can be selected from among detergents, antioxidants, pour point depressants, defoaming agents, viscosity index improvers, and mixtures thereof.
• composition of the invention comprises at least one functional additive selected from among detergents, antioxidants, pour point depressants, defoaming agents, viscosity index improvers, and mixtures thereof.
• these additional functional additives represent from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 1.5 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 20% by weight of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• additives can be added alone and/or in the form of a mixture such as those already available for sale in formulations of commercial lubricants for automotive vehicles, having a performance level such as defined by the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) and/or the American Petroleum Institute (API), well known to persons skilled in the art.
• AZA European Automobile Manufacturers' Association
• API American Petroleum Institute
• the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
• the antioxidant additive generally allows delaying of degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can particularly translate as the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge or an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
• Antioxidant additives particularly act as radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide decomposers.
• antioxidant additives commonly used, mention can be made of antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, sulfur-phosphorus antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example sulfur-phosphorus antioxidant additives, can generate ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or can be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
• the antioxidant additives can be selected in particular from among sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters, sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C 1 to C 12 alkyl group, N,N′-dialkyl-aryl-diamines, and mixtures thereof.
• the sterically hindered phenols are selected from among compounds comprising a phenol group in which at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 to C 10 alkyl group, preferably a C 1 to C 6 alkyl group, more preferably a C 4 alkyl group, preferably a tert-butyl group.
• Amine compounds form another class of antioxidant additives which can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
• amine compounds are aromatic amines e.g. aromatic amines having the formula NR 10 R 11 R 12 in which R 10 is an optionally substituted aliphatic group or aromatic group, R 11 is an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 12 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 13 S(O) z R 14 in which R 13 is an alkylene group or alkenylene group, R 14 is an alkyl group, alkenyl group or aryl group, and z is 0, 1 or 2.
• Sulfurized alkyl-phenols or the alkali or alkaline-earth metal salts thereof can also be used as antioxidant additives.
• antioxidant additives are copper-containing compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, the salts of copper and carboxylic acids, copper acetylacetonates, dithiocarbamates, sulfonates, phenates.
• copper I and II, the salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise any type of antioxidant known to persons skilled in the art.
• the lubricant composition comprises at least one ash-free antioxidant additive.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one detergent additive.
• Detergent additives generally allow reduced forming of deposits on the surface of metal parts, by dissolving secondary products of oxidation and combustion.
• the detergent additives able to be used in the lubricant compositions of the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergent additives can be anionic compounds having a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophobic head.
• the associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal.
• the detergent additives are preferably selected from among alkali or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, and phenate salts.
• the alkali and alkaline-earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
• metal salts generally comprise the metal in stoichiometric amount or in excess i.e. in an amount greater than the stoichiometric content.
• overbased detergents the excess metal imparting the overbased nature to the detergent additive is generally in the form of an oil-insoluble metal salt e.g. a carbonate, hydroxide, oxalate, acetate, glutamate, preferably a carbonate.
• the lubricant composition suitable for the invention may for example comprise from 0.5 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise at least one boron-free dispersant.
• the boron-free dispersant can be selected from among Mannich bases or compounds of succinimide type, such as polyisobutylene succinimides (PIBSIs).
• PIBSIs polyisobutylene succinimides
• the lubricant composition may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of boron-free dispersant agents, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one defoaming agent.
• the defoaming agent can be selected from among silicones.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight, or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, or 0.1 to 2% by weight of defoaming agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one pour point depressant additive (PPD).
• PPD pour point depressant additive
• pour point depressant additives By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold properties of the composition.
• pour point depressant additives mention can be made of alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
• the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one additive improving the viscosity index (VI improver).
• VI improvers examples include polymethacrylates, polyisobutenes or fatty acid esters. When present, these additives can represent from 1 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the phosphite polymer, the dispersant, and optionally the antiwear additive can be added to a base oil or mixture of base oils, followed by the addition of the other optional additional additives.
• the phosphite polymer, the dispersant and optionally the antiwear additive can be added to a conventional pre-existing lubricant formulation which particularly comprises one or more base oils and optionally additional additives.
• the phosphite polymer, the dispersant and optionally the antiwear additive defined in the present invention can be combined with one or more additional additives, when included, and the «package» of additives thus formed can be added to a base oil or mixture of base oils.
• the lubricant composition of the invention has kinematic viscosity, measured at 40° C. according to standard ASTM D445, which ranges from 5 to 300 mm 2 /s, in particular from 10 to 25 mm 2 /s.
• the lubricant composition of the invention has kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. according to standard ASTM D445, which ranges from 1 to 20 mm 2 /s, in particular from 2 to 15 mm 2 /s.
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises, or even is constituted by:
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises, or even is constituted by:
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises, or even is constituted by:
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises, or even is constituted by:
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises from 5 to 4000 ppm by weight of sulfur, preferably from 7 to 1000 ppm by weight of sulfur, more preferably from 10 to 800 ppm by weight of sulfur, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition of the invention comprises from 5 to 9150 ppm by weight of phosphorus, preferably from 5 to 4500 ppm by weight of phosphorus, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the boron content of the lubricant composition ranges from 5 to 500 ppm, preferably from 10 to 300 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the present invention also concerns the use of the phosphite polymer such as previously defined in combination with a boron-containing and/or boron-free dispersant in a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, to improve the anticorrosion properties of the lubricant composition, and in particular resistance to copper corrosion.
• a further subject of the present invention is the use of the lubricant composition of the invention to lubricate the transmissions of automotive vehicles, in particular the gear of transmissions.
• the transmissions can be manual or automatic transmissions.
• the lubricant composition of the invention is used to reduce the wear of a mechanical part of a transmission of automotive vehicles, in particular the gear of automotive vehicles. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lubricant composition of the invention allows the wear of transmission gearing to be reduced.
• the lubricant composition of the invention is used to reduce spalling of a mechanical part of the transmission of an automotive vehicle, in particular spalling of a gear in automotive vehicles.
• the lubricant composition of the invention is used both to reduce wear and to reduce the spalling of a mechanical part of the transmission of automotive vehicles, in particular a gear of automotive vehicles.
• the invention further concerns a method for lubricating at least one part of a transmission of an automotive vehicle, in particular a gearing of an automotive vehicle, which comprises at least one step of contacting at least said part with a lubricant composition such as previously described.
• the invention further concerns a method for improving the resistance to copper corrosion of a lubricant composition, said method comprising a step of mixing at least one phosphite polymer of formula (I) and at least one boron-containing and/or boron-free dispersant such as defined in the present invention, with at least one base oil, preferably said polymer and said dispersant are also mixed with an antiwear additive such as defined in the present invention.
• composition of the invention allow the defining of the uses of the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
• the lubricant compositions were prepared by mixing the ingredients at a temperature of about 40° C., following methods well known to those skilled in the art.
• the prepared and tested lubricant compositions are detailed in Table 2 below. The percentages are weight percentages relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the elemental content of phosphorus, boron, sulfur was calculated as a function of the elemental composition of the ingredients, and is also given in Table 2 in ppm by weight. Finally, the kinematic viscosities at 40° C. and at 100° C. were determined with the ASTM D445 method and are given in Table 2.
• Copper corrosion was assessed after a test time of 168 h at 150° C., by determining the amount of copper in the lubricant composition at the end of the test, which is given in Table 3.
• the mass of the copper blade was measured before and after the 168 h test at 150° C.
• the difference (Amass) is given in Table 3.

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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• 2020
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