US20220213814A1 - Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle - Google Patents

Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle Download PDF

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US20220213814A1
US20220213814A1 US17/606,749 US202017606749A US2022213814A1 US 20220213814 A1 US20220213814 A1 US 20220213814A1 US 202017606749 A US202017606749 A US 202017606749A US 2022213814 A1 US2022213814 A1 US 2022213814A1
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working medium
state
heat
releasing
absorption
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Huayu Li
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the flied of energy and power technology.
  • the vapor power device with external combustion for example, its heat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature and variable temperature.
  • the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities and safety concerns limit the parameters of the cycle's working medium. Therefore, there is a big temperature difference between the working medium and the heat source, which leads to big irreversible loss and low efficiency.
  • thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis of thermal energy utilization devices, and the core of energy utilization systems. The establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycles will play an important role in the rapid development of energy utilization and will promote actively for social progress and productivity development.
  • the present invention proposes a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.
  • the single working-medium vapor combined cycle and the vapor power device for combined cycle are mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific content of the present invention is as follows:
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (6) of the M 2 kg
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (6) of the M
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of seventeen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of seventeen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eighteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing
  • a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of nineteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium, M 2 kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressur
  • FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 1 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts thirteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M 1 +M
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium in process 7-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to 8 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-8 is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-5 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 2 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fourteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a de
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-9 is released by the heat-releasing process f-9 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium in process 8-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to 9 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-9 is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 9-6 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-7 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 3 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fourteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a de
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-9 is released by the heat-releasing process f-9 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the process 2-3 of M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of M 1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of M 2 kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 8-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration) and an external heat source.
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium in process 8-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to 9 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-9 is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 9-5 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of M 2 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 4 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fifteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-c is released by the heat-releasing process f-c of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process c-6 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-9 of M 2 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of M 2 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 5 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts fifteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-c is released by the heat-releasing process f-c of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the process 2-3 of M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of M 1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of M 2 kg of working medium, the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6-9 of M 1 kg of working medium (regeneration) and the heat-releasing process 9-f of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium (regeneration).
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process c-7 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of M 2 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 6 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts sixteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (9) of the X kg
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-c is released by the heat-releasing process f-c of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and process f-9 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 8-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium is reduced to 9 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-9 is completed.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to c points.
  • the heat-releasing process 9-c is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process c-5 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-9 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts sixteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (8) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-8 is released by the heat-releasing process f-8 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat to be absorbed by M 1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process or an external heat source can be provided at the same time.
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium in process 7-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to 8 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-8 is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 8-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts seventeen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-9 is released by the heat-releasing process f-9 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat to be absorbed by M 1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process or an external heat source can be provided at the same time.
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium in process 8-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to 9 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-9 is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 9-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-6 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-7 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 9 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts seventeen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (9) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-9 is released by the heat-releasing process f-9 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat to be absorbed by M 1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process or an external heat source can be provided at the same time.
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium in process 8-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to 9 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-9 is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process 9-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-7 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 9-c of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 10 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts eighteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (9) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-c is released by the heat-releasing process f-c of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat to be absorbed by M 1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process or an external heat source can be provided at the same time.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process c-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-6 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-9 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 11 works as follows:
  • the working medium conducts eighteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (9) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-c is released by the heat-releasing process f-c of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat to be absorbed by M 1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process or an external heat source can be provided at the same time.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 8-9 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the working medium conducts nineteen processes: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (e) to (c) of the H kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (c) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a
  • Heat absorption processes The heat to be absorbed by H kg of working medium in process e-c is released by the heat-releasing process f-9 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 9-c of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, or by an external heat source.
  • the heat to be absorbed by M 1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process or an external heat source can be provided at the same time.
  • the heat released (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 8-f can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium is reduced to 9 points.
  • the heat-releasing process f-9 is completed.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases eat to it.
  • the temperature of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium is reduced to c points.
  • the heat-releasing process 9-c is completed.
  • the heat released by (M 1 +H) kg of working medium in process d-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
  • the pressurization process 1-2 of M 1 kg of working medium and the pressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps.
  • the pressurization process c-a of M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-5 of (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
  • the depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 6-9 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion) process 7-8 of (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process c-d of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
  • the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
  • the technical effects of the present invention invention The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:
  • the present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of temperature differences.
  • the present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store;
  • the present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
  • the vapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at a low pressure.
  • the present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of device operation.
  • the present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media.
  • the present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
  • the present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for temperature difference utilization, and contributes to a higher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources and variable-temperature heat sources.

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US4557112A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-12-10 Solmecs Corporation Method and apparatus for converting thermal energy
US4876855A (en) * 1986-01-08 1989-10-31 Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd. Working fluid for rankine cycle power plant
US20110271676A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-10 Solartrec, Inc. Heat engine with cascaded cycles
US20120131920A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-31 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Parallel cycle heat engines
US20120279220A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Harris Corporation Hybrid imbedded combined cycle
US20160194983A1 (en) * 2015-01-05 2016-07-07 General Electric Company Multi-pressure organic rankine cycle

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JP2004346759A (ja) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-09 Sanden Corp 熱機関
JP2019516057A (ja) * 2016-10-12 2019-06-13 李華玉 シングル作業物質の蒸気連合サイクルと連合サイクル蒸気動力装置
WO2018068431A1 (zh) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-19 李华玉 分级蒸发联合循环蒸汽动力装置
CN108019245B (zh) * 2016-12-15 2020-05-29 李华玉 多重联合循环动力装置
CN108119195B (zh) * 2016-12-20 2020-05-01 李华玉 联合循环动力装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964910A (en) * 1956-04-13 1960-12-20 Sonnefeld Georg Method and system for the carnotization of steam cyclic processes
US4557112A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-12-10 Solmecs Corporation Method and apparatus for converting thermal energy
US4876855A (en) * 1986-01-08 1989-10-31 Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd. Working fluid for rankine cycle power plant
US20110271676A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-10 Solartrec, Inc. Heat engine with cascaded cycles
US20120131920A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-31 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Parallel cycle heat engines
US20120279220A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Harris Corporation Hybrid imbedded combined cycle
US20160194983A1 (en) * 2015-01-05 2016-07-07 General Electric Company Multi-pressure organic rankine cycle

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