US20220159951A1 - An agricultural composition - Google Patents

An agricultural composition Download PDF

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US20220159951A1
US20220159951A1 US17/420,116 US202017420116A US2022159951A1 US 20220159951 A1 US20220159951 A1 US 20220159951A1 US 202017420116 A US202017420116 A US 202017420116A US 2022159951 A1 US2022159951 A1 US 2022159951A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
chemical activator
agricultural composition
alkyl
esters
pathogenic compound
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US17/420,116
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English (en)
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Paulo Sergio Berg
Melvin Donovan Pullen
Dirk Barnard
Jared Vanderzyl
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Oro Agri Inc
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Oro Agri Inc.
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Priority to US17/420,116 priority Critical patent/US20220159951A1/en
Publication of US20220159951A1 publication Critical patent/US20220159951A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N37/04—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof polybasic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an agricultural composition comprising an anti-pathogenic compound and a chemical activator wherein the anti-pathogenic compound and chemical activator provide for synergistic interaction in controlling plant pathogens.
  • the agricultural composition according to this disclosure is used to control populations of fungi and/or bacteria.
  • Pathogens typically include, but are not limited to, fungicides and bactericides. Pathogens often proliferate due to unsuitable agricultural and/or animal husbandry practices and/or due to environmental factors such as high temperature and humidity that promote fast microorganism reproduction. Providing effective control of pathogens in agriculture and animal husbandry is imperative to ensure ongoing food security. Effective control of pathogens has been hampered by increased resistance to usual control measures or treatments using conventional bactericides or fungicides. Such bactericidal and/or fungicidal resistance poses a significant problem in the control and/or treatment and/or removal of pathogens from agricultural produce.
  • an agricultural composition comprising:
  • an anti-pathogenic compound including potassium sorbate
  • a chemical activator including an acid and at least one (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester of an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid.
  • the chemical activator may further include an anionic surfactant and/or a nonionic surfactant.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound may be a fungicide, bactericide, insecticide, pesticide or a combination thereof. Typically, the anti-pathogenic may be a fungicide.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound may itself provide a composition comprising one or more individual chemical compounds.
  • the agricultural composition may be provided as a concentrate.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound and chemical activator may be admixed together to provide the agricultural composition (in concentrated form) which may be further diluted with water to facilitate application when in use.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound and/or the chemical activator may each be diluted in water providing aqueous solutions of anti-pathogenic compound and chemical activator before admixing said aqueous solutions to provide a diluted agricultural composition according to this disclosure.
  • the potassium sorbate stays dissociated in a sorbic acid form when diluted and in use.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound may be diluted with water to yield a stable diluted solution of nonactivated anti-pathogenic compound; and thereafter the chemical activator may be diluted in the stable diluted solution of nonactivated anti-pathogenic compound to provide a diluted agricultural composition according to this disclosure.
  • dilution chemistries may also be employed as an alternative, or in addition to, utilizing water.
  • possible diluents may be, but are not limited to, at least one of the following group: glycols, methanol, ethanol, monoethylene glycol, and propylene glycol, or the like.
  • the at least one (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid may be selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising: synthetic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, modified or unmodified, wherein the alkyl ester may be selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising: methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, butyl esters, isopropyl ester, isobutyl ester, isopentyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl esters or components thereof.
  • the at least one (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester of an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid may be selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising: isobutyl laurate, isopentyl laurate, methyl laurate, 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, and combinations thereof.
  • the at least one (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester may be derived from an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid, such as, but not limited to the group comprising: alkanoic acids such as lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid and combinations thereof.
  • alkanoic acids such as lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid and combinations thereof.
  • the anionic surfactant may be at least one selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising: (C 6 -C 18 ) alkyl benzene sulfonic acid salts, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, (C 6 -C 18 ) alkyl ether sulfates, (C 6 -C 18 ) alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfates, sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, (C 6 -C 18 ) alkyl sulfates, (C 6 -C 18 ) alkyl phosphate esters, (C 6 -C 18 ) alkoxylated sulfates, (C 6 -C 18 ) alkoxylated phosphate esters, xylene sulfonate salts, cumene s
  • the nonionic surfactant may be at least one selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising: natural or synthetic alkoxylated alcohols, preferably ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alcohols, further preferably ethoxylated and/or propoxylated fatty alcohols or fatty acids, further preferably containing from 8 to 22 carbon atom; short ethoxylated and/or propoxylated chain alcohols, preferably short ethoxylated and/or propoxylated fatty alcohols; ethoxylated fatty acids; alkoxylated sorbitan fatty esters, ethoxylated sorbitan fatty esters; alkoxylated sorbitol fatty esters, ethoxylated sorbitol fatty esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate; (C 8 -C 22 ) alkoxylated fatty alcohol
  • alkoxylated alcohols contemplated for use include those based on branched alcohols, such as the Guerbet alcohols, e.g. 2-propylheptanol and 2-ethylhexanol, and C 10 -OXO-alcohol or C 13 OXO-alcohol, i.e. an alcohol mixture whose main component is formed by at least one branched C 10 -alcohol or C 13 -alcohol, and the alcohols commercially available as Exxal alcohols from Exxon Mobile Chemicals and Neodol alcohols from Shell Chemicals.
  • branched alcohols such as the Guerbet alcohols, e.g. 2-propylheptanol and 2-ethylhexanol, and C 10 -OXO-alcohol or C 13 OXO-alcohol, i.e. an alcohol mixture whose main component is formed by at least one branched C 10 -alcohol or C 13 -alcohol,
  • the nonionic surfactant may be ethoxylated alcohol having a degree of ethoxylation of from 1 to 50, preferably from 2 to 30.
  • the acid of the chemical activator may be at least one of various acids used in agrochemical technologies.
  • the acid may be an aqueous citric acid solution of between about 1 to about 99 percent citric acid, preferably about 50% citric acid solution.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound (in concentrated form) may have a pH range of between about 7.0 to about 10.0, and the chemical activator (in concentrated form) may have a pH range of between 0.0 and about 3.0.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound (in concentrate form) and the chemical activator (in concentrate form) may be admixed and/or diluted, wherein a resulting stable tank mix of the diluted agricultural composition provides a pH of between about 4 and about 6.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound typically comprises water as a diluent such that the potassium sorbate may comprises 35 to 55 wt. % of the anti-pathogenic compound (typically a fungicide)
  • the chemical activator typically further comprises water as a diluent such that the citric acid may comprise 30 to 55 wt. % of the chemical activator
  • the at least one (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester of an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid may comprise 0.5 to 5 wt. % of the chemical activator
  • the anionic surfactant may comprise 1 to 5 wt. % of the chemical activator
  • the nonionic surfactant may comprise 3 to 10 wt. % of the chemical activator.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound in its concentrated form may further comprise urea wherein the urea is 1 to 5 wt. % of the anti-pathogenic compound. It is to be understood that the chemical activator may also further comprise urea in certain embodiments.
  • the agricultural composition may further comprise at least one compound selected from the group: insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, desiccants, defoliants, acaricides, nutrients, miticides, bactericides, biocides, ovicides, nematicides, insect growth regulators, plant growth regulators, and combinations thereof.
  • the agricultural composition may further comprise at least one additive selected from, but not limited to, the following group: nutrients, stimulants, growth agents, sugars, amino-acids, micronutrients (including fertilizers and hormones), preservatives, clarifiers, anti-freezing agents, hydrotropes, stabilizers, antioxidants, acidifiers, chelates, complexing agents, dyes, rheology modifiers, antifoams, anti-drift, water, oil(s), other solvents and combinations thereof.
  • at least one additive selected from, but not limited to, the following group: nutrients, stimulants, growth agents, sugars, amino-acids, micronutrients (including fertilizers and hormones), preservatives, clarifiers, anti-freezing agents, hydrotropes, stabilizers, antioxidants, acidifiers, chelates, complexing agents, dyes, rheology modifiers, antifoams, anti-drift, water, oil(s), other solvents and combinations thereof.
  • the oil may be a natural compound, modified by esterification or transesterification, such as an alkyl fatty acid ester, e.g., methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, butyl esters, 2-ethylhexyl esters or dodecyl esters, and is preferably a glycol or glycerol fatty acid, such as (C 10 -C 22 ) fatty acid esters, such as from vegetables oils, preferably oil-yielding plants species such as soybean, corn, sunflower, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, safflower, coconut oil, castor oil, olive oil, canola oil among others pure or mixed with an essential or edible oil extracted from a variety of plants or parts of plants such as trees, shrubs, leaves, flowers, grasses, fluids, herbs, fruits and seeds, or mixed with each other that are combined with one or more oils.
  • the oil may be a natural compound, such as an essential oil, a citrus oil, a component of a citrus oil, a terpene oil, wherein the terpene oil comprises a D-limonene or one or more terpene containing natural oils, wherein the one or more terpene containing natural oils contains at least 50% of a terpene selected from the group comprising: orange oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, lime oil, tangerine oil, pine oil, pure, combined with other oils or combinations thereof.
  • the oil may be a natural oil, a synthetic oil, a linear compound, a branched compound, a saturated oil, an unsaturated oil, an aliphatic compound, a cyclic compound, a modified oil, an unmodified oil, an alkylated vegetable oil, an essential oil, an edible oil, an oil extracted from a plant, an oil extracted from a part of a plant, an oil extracted from a tree, an oil extracted from a shrub, an oil extracted from a leaf, an oil extracted from a flower, an oil extracted from a grass, an oil extracted from a plant fluid, an oil extracted from an herb, an oil extracted from a fruit, an oil extracted from a seed, a pure oil, a mixture of oils and combinations thereof.
  • the agricultural composition wherein the anti-pathogenic compound and the chemical activator may be admixed in water, at a weight ratio of 1:0.4 (anti-pathogenic compound: chemical activator) to 1:2.0 (anti-pathogenic compound: chemical activator).
  • anti-pathogenic compound is admixed with water, and thereafter the chemical activator is admixed therein.
  • an agricultural composition (in a concentrated form) comprising:
  • an anti-pathogenic compound including potassium sorbate
  • a chemical activator including an acid, at least one (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester of an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid, an anionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant,
  • this preferred example embodiment of the agricultural composition is in its concentrated form, and both the anti-pathogenic compound and the chemical activator are provided in their concentrated forms. These concentrated forms may further be diluted with water or other solvent chemistries prior to application thereof in use.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound (in concentrate form) and the chemical activator (in concentrate form) may be admixed and/or diluted, wherein a resulting stable tank mix of the diluted agricultural composition provides a pH of between about 4 and about 6.
  • the tank mix is then applied onto, or adjacent to, a plant or part thereof.
  • an anti-pathogenic compound including potassium sorbate
  • a chemical activator including an acid, at least one (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester of an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid, an anionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant,
  • this specific preferred example embodiment of the agricultural composition is in its concentrated form, and both the anti-pathogenic compound and the chemical activator are provided in their concentrated forms. These concentrated forms may further be diluted with water or other solvent chemistries prior to application thereof in use.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound (in concentrate form) and the chemical activator (in concentrate form) may be admixed and/or diluted, wherein a resulting stable tank mix of the diluted agricultural composition provides a pH of between about 4 and about 6.
  • the tank mix is then applied onto, or adjacent to, a plant or part thereof.
  • composition according this disclosure may be packaged and sold in a single container including both the anti-pathogenic compound and the chemical activator in their concentrated form. In use, a user may dilute the composition prior to application to an agricultural crop.
  • composition according to this disclosure may be packaged and sold in two separate containers, a first container for the anti-pathogenic compound in its concentrated form, and a second container for the chemical activator in its concentrated form.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound and chemical activator of the first and second container may then each be diluted prior to application to an agricultural crop.
  • a method of manufacturing the agricultural composition of the first aspect of this disclosure herein above comprising the step of admixing the anti-pathogenic compound and the chemical activator providing the agricultural composition of the first aspect of this disclosure.
  • the step of admixing may include diluting each of the anti-pathogenic compound (in concentrated form) and the chemical activator (in concentrated form) in water before admixing the diluted anti-pathogenic compound and the diluted chemical activator.
  • the step of admixing may include admixing the anti-pathogenic compound (in concentrated form) together with the chemical activator (in concentrated form), and thereafter diluted the admixture in water to provide the diluted agricultural composition.
  • the step of admixing may include diluting the anti-pathogenic compound with water to yield a stable diluted solution of nonactivated anti-pathogenic compound; and thereafter diluting the chemical activator in the stable diluted solution of nonactivated anti-pathogenic compound to provide the diluted agricultural composition.
  • the step of admixing may include:
  • the pathogens may be at least one selected from the group: Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum fioriniae, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Verticillium dahlia, Xanthomonas arboricola pv., Plasmopara viticola, Acetobacter spp., Erysiphe necator, and Guignardia bidwellii.
  • a method of controlling and/or treating pathogens and/or a method of treating disease caused by said pathogens comprising the steps of applying the agricultural composition of the first aspect of this disclosure described herein above onto, or adjacent to, a plant or seed.
  • the pathogens may be at least one selected from the group: Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum fioriniae, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Verticillium dahlia, Xanthomonas arboricola pv., Plasmopara viticola, Acetobacter spp., Erysiphe necator, and Guignardia bidwellii.
  • composition is diluted to provide the diluted agricultural composition, preferably diluted in water, before application onto, or adjacent to, a plant or seed.
  • the method wherein the application onto, or adjacent to, a plant or seed is via an at least one apparatus selected from the group comprising: air assisted sprayers, conventional sprayers, ultra-low volumes equipment such as aerial, electrostatic, foggers and misting spray equipment and chemigation systems, pivots, sprinklers, and combinations thereof.
  • the method wherein the application may be to pre-harvested or post-harvested plants selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising: plants, trees, fruits, vegetables, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, or flowers, animals, equipment, stockyards, feedlots, barns, animal housing units, farm tools, farm buildings, storage areas, or food contact areas, such that in use fungal and/or bacterial pathogens that cause disease are controlled.
  • the method extends to application of the agricultural composition, preferably the diluted agricultural composition, to an animal to control fungal and/or bacterial pathogens that cause disease.
  • the method further extends to application of the agricultural composition, preferably the diluted agricultural composition, to equipment, stockyards, feedlots, barns, animal housing units, tools, buildings, storage areas, or food contact areas to control fungal and/or bacterial pathogens that cause disease.
  • the agricultural composition preferably the diluted agricultural composition
  • the agricultural composition preferably the diluted agricultural composition
  • the agricultural composition may be prepared in a mixing tank, a spray tank, a container, or an inline irrigation system prior to application and/or use.
  • FIG. 1 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Aspergillus niger after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • FIG. 2 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Botrytis cinerea after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • FIG. 3 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Colletotrichum fioriniae after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • FIG. 4 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Fusarium moniliforme after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • FIG. 5 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • FIG. 6 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • FIG. 7 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Verticillium dahlia after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • FIG. 8 graphically shows a percentage inhibition of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis after exposure to (or treatment with) compositions of this disclosure and other compounds;
  • ORO-159 fungicides were brought to pH 5-5.2 by using OR-278-C (i.e. the fungicide and chemical activator were admixed to provide agricultural compositions according to this disclosure)
  • FIG. 12 shows Brix, pH, and titratable acidity for each treatment.
  • an agricultural composition including an anti-pathogenic compound (typically potassium sorbate) and a chemical activator adjuvant are provided.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound and chemical activator are manufactured as concentrates which are then admixed to provide the agricultural composition.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound and/or chemical activator may be diluted prior to admixture.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound and chemical activator may be admixed and diluted thereafter.
  • the agricultural composition is typically diluted with water providing a stable tank mix of diluted agricultural composition prior to use and application onto, or adjacent to, agricultural crops to control pathogen populations and/or control and/or treat disease related to said pathogens.
  • the disclosure extends to application of the agricultural composition to, or adjacent to, animals, buildings, equipment and the like.
  • the agricultural composition according to this disclosure is stable prior to and when in use.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound according to this disclosure typically includes potassium sorbate dissolved in water and is stable as a concentrate and is stable in a tank mix.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound is provided as a composition including more than one chemical compound.
  • the concentrated stable organic anti-pathogenic compound may comprise: potassium sorbate in an amount of between 35.0 to 50.0 wt. %; urea in an amount of between 1.0 to 3.0 wt. %; and water as the diluent to 100 wt. %, wherein the organic anti-pathogenic compound concentrate has a pH range of 7.0 to 10.0.
  • the chemical activator (a pH adjuster and adjuvant when in use) typically includes combining at least one solvent from the family of esters from the group of (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl esters (typically derived from an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid); one or more anionic surfactants; one or more nonionic surfactants, a citric acid aqueous solution and water. Oil and/or other additives may be further added in certain embodiments.
  • the chemical activator is stable as a concentrate and is stable in a tank mix.
  • the chemical activator adjuvant concentrate having a pH of less than 3.0.
  • the resulting tank mix of diluted agricultural composition provides a pH of between about 4 and about 6.
  • the tank mix is then applied onto, or adjacent to, a plant or part thereof.
  • adjuvant as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to an agent that modifies the effect of other agents and more particularly used to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and other agents.
  • stable as used herein is a broad term, combined or related with the term “emulsion”, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to the emulsion stability, i.e. the ability of an emulsion to resist change in its properties over time so that the size of the droplets in emulsion does not change significantly with time, more specifically during the time of an application to the targets mixed with water, it is thus to be given its ordinary meaning that is customary to a person skilled in the an.
  • stable as used herein is a broad term, combined or related with the term “accelerated storage stability”, means that the formulation keep similar performance in terms of physico-chemical properties after samples be stored during 15 days in at least 3 conditions: room temperature (around 20° C.); cold temperature (0° C. or 5° C.); hot temperature (54° C.). Storage stability tests were conducted according Method CIPAC MT 36.
  • solvents as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to compounds with some characteristics of solvency for other compounds or means, that can be polar or non-polar, linear or branched, cyclic or aliphatic, aromatic, naphthenic and that includes but is no limited to: alcohols, esters, diesters, ketones, acetates, terpenes, sulfoxides, glycols, paraffins, hydrocarbons, anhydrides, heterocyclics, among others.
  • the indicated “optionally substituted” or “substituted” group may be substituted with one or more group(s) individually and independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, N-amido, S-sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido, C-carboxy, protected C-carboxy, O
  • alkyl as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to a straight chain or branched, acyclic or cyclic, unsaturated or saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 or more carbon atoms, while the term “lower alkyl” has the same meaning as alkyl but contains 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms.
  • saturated straight chain alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like; while saturated branched alkyls include isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, and the like.
  • Unsaturated alkyls contain at least one double or triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms (referred to as an “alkenyl” or “alkynyl,” respectively).
  • Representative straight chain and branched alkenyls include ethylenyl, propylenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, isobutylenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-l-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, and the like; while representative straight chain and branched alkynyls include acetylenyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-methyl-1 butynyl, and the like.
  • Typical alkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, henatriacontyl, dotriacontyl, tritriacontyl, tetratri
  • alkoxy as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to an alkyl moiety attached through an oxygen bridge (i.e., —O-alkyl) such as methoxy, ethoxy, and the like.
  • thioalkyl as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to an alkyl moiety attached through a sulfur bridge (i.e., —S-alkyl) such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the like.
  • alcohol as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to any compound as described herein incorporating one or more hydroxy groups, or being substituted by or functionalized to include one or more hydroxy groups.
  • esters as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to any compound as described herein incorporating one or more ester groups, e.g., monoester, diester, triester, or polyester, or being substituted by or functionalized to include one or more ester groups.
  • Esters include but are not limited to fatty acid esters.
  • acetates as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to any compound as described herein incorporating one or more acetate groups, such as salts, esters or other compounds incorporating a CH 3 COO— moiety.
  • Terpenes as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to any compound as derived from resins of plants such as conifers or citrus, or to synthetically produced compounds having the same structures as plant derived terpenes.
  • Terpenes can include hydrocarbons as well as terpenoids containing additional functional groups, as well as essential oils.
  • Terpenes can include compounds having a formula (C 5 H 8 ) n where n is the number of linked isoprene units (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more).
  • terpene containing natural oil is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to a natural oil containing at least 50% of a terpene selected from but not exclusively from the group consisting of citrus oil, orange oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, lime oil, tangerine oil, and pine oil or components thereof.
  • sulfoxides as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to any compound as described herein incorporating one or more sulfinyl (SO) groups, or being substituted by or functionalized to include one or more sulfinyl groups.
  • glycols as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and can include diols, e.g., polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycols (polymers having the formula H(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH where n is greater than three), polypropylene glycols, or glycols incorporating monomers comprising longer hydrocarbon chains.
  • polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycols (polymers having the formula H(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH where n is greater than three), polypropylene glycols, or glycols incorporating monomers comprising longer hydrocarbon chains.
  • paraffins as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to heavier alkanes, such as alkanes forming a liquid or wax at room temperature, as well as functionalized paraffins, e.g., chlorinated paraffins, and mineral or synthetic oils comprising hydrocarbons.
  • Room temperature refers to ambient conditions, e.g., in a climate controlled building, for example, approximately 20° C.
  • hydrocarbons as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to any compound comprising only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • a functionalized or substituted hydrocarbon has one or more substituents as described elsewhere herein.
  • anhydrides as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to any compound as described herein incorporating one or more anhydride groups (of formula (RC(O)) 2 O), or being substituted by or functionalized to include one or more anhydride groups.
  • sulfonic acid as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to, for example formic, acetic, succinic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, nicotinic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, p-toluensulfonic, salicylic or naphthalene sulfonic acid.
  • Sulfonic acids can include hydrocarbyl sulfonic acids, such as aryl sulfonic acids, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, among other.
  • vegetable oil as used herein is a broad term, and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art (and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning), and refers without limitation to oleaginous fatty acid constituents of vegetable matter, e.g., saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.
  • the vegetable oil can be functionalized, e.g., alkoxylated, hydroxylated, aminated, etc.
  • a functionalized vegetable oil is a derivative of a vegetable oil or other fatty substance, or a substance having a similar composition regardless of the origin of the substance.
  • the functionalized vegetable oil is epoxidized unsaturated triglyceride.
  • Epoxidized unsaturated triglyceride is a tri-ester of glycerine. The glycerine bonds to three linear or branched carboxylic acids, wherein at least one of the carboxylic acids comprises an epoxide moiety.
  • the epoxidized unsaturated triglyceride may be a derivative of an unsaturated fatty acid triglyceride such as a vegetable or animal fat or oil, wherein at least one of the C ⁇ C moieties of the parent unsaturated fatty acid triglyceride is replaced with an epoxide moiety (i.e.
  • the parent unsaturated fatty acid triglyceride has more than one C ⁇ C moiety, one, part, or all of the C ⁇ C moieties may be replaced by epoxide moieties.
  • vegetable oil it is understood to include animal fats, or oils of synthetic origin, having a same chemical structure as a vegetable oil. Examples of vegetable or animal fats or oils include coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, tallow oil, or the like.
  • cyclic systems referred to herein include fused ring, bridged ring, and spiro ring moieties, in addition to isolated monocyclic moieties.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound typically comprises an aqueous solution of potassium sorbate, and in certain embodiments may further comprise urea.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound is typically organic and may be manufactured in a concentrate form before being added to the chemical activator to provide the agricultural composition according to this disclosure.
  • the anti-pathogenic compound concentrate and/or the chemical activator concentrate may be diluted and/or admixed to provide the diluted agricultural composition.
  • the method for preparing the organic anti-pathogenic concentrate as used in the non-limiting examples includes the steps admixing in a vessel potassium sorbate in granular form with water to form a first solution, such that the potassium sorbate is between about 20.0 wt. % to about 60 wt.
  • % preferably between about 35.0 wt. % to about 50.0 wt. %, of the first solution
  • water is between about 25 wt. % to about 75 wt. %, preferably between about 50 wt. % to about 65% wt. %, of the first solution.
  • between about 35.0 g to about 50.0 g potassium sorbate is added to between about 50.0 g to about 65 g of water and stirred until all the potassium sorbate is dissolved to provide the anti-pathogenic compound according to this disclosure.
  • the method may further include the step of adding urea (technical grade) to the first solution to form a second solution such that urea is between about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, preferably between about 2.0 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %, of the second solution.
  • urea technical grade
  • the first and/or second solutions are continuously stirred until the potassium sorbate and/or urea are completely dissolved in the water to provide the anti-pathogenic compound. Heating is not necessarily required but may advantageously be employed depending on the physical state and characteristics of each compound, mainly because urea is endothermic during dissociation.
  • additives may be added to the second solution for specific purposes, such as clarifiers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, hydrotropes, UV stabilizers, colorants, nutrients, amino-acids, sea extract, anti-drift agents, anti-freezing agents, and even water or other solvent, and/or other additives as are typically employed in fungicides compositions.
  • This method of preparation described above provides a concentrate form of the anti-pathogenic compound according to the first aspect of this disclosure.
  • the chemical activator according to this disclosure may also be termed a pH adjuster and/or an adjuvant when in use.
  • the method for preparing the chemical activator as used in the non-limiting examples includes the steps of admixing into a vessel containing water an nonionic surfactant such a fatty alcohol ethoxylated from between about 5 wt. % and 30 wt. %, preferably between about 15.0 to about 25.0 wt. %, then adding one or more anionic surfactant(s) such as a sodium lauryl ether sulfate from between about 1.0 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, preferably between about 7.0 to about 10.0 wt.
  • an anionic surfactant such as a sodium lauryl ether sulfate from between about 1.0 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, preferably between about 7.0 to about 10.0 wt.
  • the following were admixed and stirred with between 50 g and 65 g of water to form the chemical activator: one or more nonionic surfactants such a fatty alcohol ethoxylated from 15.0 g to 25.0 g, one or more anionic surfactants such as a sodium lauryl ether sulfate from 7.0 g to 10.0 g, one or more solvents form the group of an (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl ester of an (C 12 -C 16 ) alkyl acid such as isopropyl myristate from 0.5 g to 5.0 g, citric acid 50% in water solution from 30.0 g to 55.0 g.
  • nonionic surfactants such a fatty alcohol ethoxylated from 15.0 g to 25.0 g
  • anionic surfactants such as a sodium lauryl ether sulfate from 7.0 g to 10.0 g
  • solvents form the group of an (C 1 -C 8 )
  • Heating is not necessarily required but may advantageously be employed depending on the physical state and characteristics of each compound during dissociation or emulsifying process.
  • Other additives can be used for specific purposes, such as clarifiers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, hydrotropes, UV stabilizers, colorants, nutrients, amino-acids, sea extract, anti-drift agents, anti-freezing agents, and even water or other solvent, and/or other additives as are typically employed in adjuvant compositions.
  • This method of preparation described above provides a concentrate form of the chemical activator according to the first aspect of this disclosure.
  • the organic anti-pathogenic compound concentrates are indicated by ORO-159-A, ORO-159-B and ORO-159-G.
  • the chemical activator concentrates are indicated by ORO-097-V, ORO-278-C, ORO-278-E. The details of the specific embodiments of each are described in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • potassium sorbate granules provides active ingredient for the anti-pathogenic compound (and is fungicidal); alcohol ethoxylated, POE-6—nonionic surfactant; triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate—anionic surfactant; sodium lauryl ether sulfate—anionic surfactant; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate—anionic surfactant; Isopropyl myristate—alkyl ester of alkyl acid; isopropyl laurate—alkyl ester of alkyl acid; methyl laurate—alkyl ester of alkyl acid; citric acid 50%—acidifier ; urea prills—stabilizer; humic acid—chelating agent.
  • POE-6 nonionic surfactant
  • triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate anionic surfactant
  • sodium lauryl ether sulfate anionic surfactant
  • Samples of the agricultural compositions of certain embodiments were evaluated in a disease bio-efficacy screening at University of California Davis/Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center in comparison with other products and samples to evaluate pH effect, adjuvancy effect and efficacy against most common or applicable plant pathogens in vitro. Sample identification is shown in Tables 4 and 5.
  • OR-159-G at 0.5%, OR-159-G at 1% rate, and OR-159-G at 2% rate and each mixed with 50% citric acid showed very little inhibition against A. niger or C. fioriniae (Treatments 9 & 10), but some significant inhibition against B. cinerea, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, M. phaseolina, V. dahlia, and X. arboricola pv. juglandis.
  • the OR-159-G at 2% rate (Treatment 10) resulted in 100% inhibition of M. phaseolina and X. arboricola pv. juglandis (Table 6).
  • Treatments 11 to 15 and 17 and 18 inhibited the majority of the fungi from 44% to 100%.
  • Exp. I, Exp. II and Exp. III are based on volatile natural oil and do not perform satisfactorily.
  • Exp. IV is commercially available product.
  • Treatments 13 and 14 are the reference product PREV-AM® based on Orange Oil and Sodium tetraboratehydrate decahydrate and had performance inferior to showed by products according this disclosure (treatments 1 to 4).
  • OR-159 fungicide and the chemical activator adjuvants that results in a significantly improvements in control, compared at OR-159 when only acidified with citric acid.
  • OR-159-B mixed with OR-278-C and OR-159-B mixed with OR-097-V showed a very synergistic and very promising treatment that can be very helpful in disease controls.
  • the inclusion of the chemical activator shows improved anti-pathogenic properties to the fungicide. This is surprising and unexpected.
  • Samples of products of certain embodiments were evaluated in a pH challenging test and their behavior when diluted in distillated water (DI water), CIPAC A water (20 ppm of hardness), CIPAC D water (342 ppm of hardness) and ASTM water of 1000 ppm—pH was measured in pure water for three specific pHs—4.00, 7.00 and 9.00 and before adding the organic fungicide as per this disclosure and before adding the chemical activator (adjuvant/pH adjuster).
  • DI water distillated water
  • CIPAC A water (20 ppm of hardness
  • CIPAC D water 342 ppm of hardness
  • ASTM water 1000 ppm—pH was measured in pure water for three specific pHs—4.00, 7.00 and 9.00 and before adding the organic fungicide as per this disclosure and before adding the chemical activator (adjuvant/pH adjuster).
  • Samples of agricultural compositions as per this disclosure showed stable behavior even diluted in soft water and hard water, low pH to high pH.
  • the organic fungicide made according the present disclosure showed high solubility and stability—all solution were clear.
  • all tests showed very stable and similar final pH around 4.30 to 4.56 proving the high capacity from the adjuvant to adjust the pH, does not matter the initial pH or quality of the water, with all solution showing a clear and completely solubility of products what will contribute to the activity of dissociated sorbic acid anions.
  • Samples of commercially available products including from Oro Agri® the following products (WETCIT®) Adjuvant based on Alcohol Ethoxylated and Orange Oil, (OROBOOST®) Organic adjuvant based on Alcohol Ethoxylated and from other companies used as a reference of treatment the following product (SERENADE® OPTI) a fungicide and bactericide from Bayer® based on QST 713 strain of Bacillus subtilis. All samples evaluated were stable even room temperature, in cold (14 days @0° C.) or hot conditions (14 days @54° C.)—according CIPAC MT 46 test.
  • WETCIT® Adjuvant based on Alcohol Ethoxylated and Orange Oil
  • OROBOOST® Organic adjuvant based on Alcohol Ethoxylated and from other companies used as a reference of treatment the following product (SERENADE® OPTI) a fungicide and bactericide from Bayer® based on QST 713 strain of Bacillus subtilis. All samples evaluated were stable even room temperature,
  • the objective of this trial was to evaluate several Oro Agri products and adjuvants on control of powdery mildew on wine grapes in Washington. Powdery mildew incidence and severity were the measured variables, along with phytotoxicity.
  • the trial area was inoculated with conidial inoculum two weeks post-bloom. Infected leaves collected from a site about 10 miles away were cut and then washed in distilled water containing 0.1% Tween 20. This suspension was applied to all plots with a Stihl SR 200 backpack mist blower, sprayed to coverage.
  • Phytotoxicity ratings were made in-season before every application. Twenty-five clusters from each plot were rated for incidence and severity as well. The middle vine from each plot was harvested. Clusters were weighed. A subsample of bunches from each plot was packaged in coolers with ice packs and shipped overnight to a Fresno State University viticulture laboratory for further quality analysis. pH, brix, and titratable acidity were measured. Statistical analyses were performed in SAS 9.4 under ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer modification and an alpha of 0.10.
  • Spray dates and approximate phenological stages were as follows: 1 Jun. 2019 (3 in. shoots), 15 Jun. 2019 (6-12 in. shoots), 25 June (bloom), 1 Jul. 2019 (1 st post-bloom), 9 Jul. 2019 (2 nd post-bloom), 16 Jul. 2019 (3 rd post-bloom), and 23 Jul. 2019 (4 th post-bloom), 6 Aug. 2019 (5 th post-bloom), 20 Aug. 2019 (preharvest, ° Brix 14.3). Rainfall between spray dates was 2.51, 1.63, 0.07, 0, 0.09, 1.77, 1.13, and 1.44 in., respectively. Downy mildew on leaves was rated 13 Sep. 2019, sour bunch rot on clusters was rated 14 Sep. 2019; powdery mildew on leaves and clusters was rated 16 Sep. 2019.
  • Powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator ) was also rated on the leaves and the clusters. All treatments effectively controlled disease well and were comparable to ratings of sour bunch rot and downy mildew and provided significant control (i.e. 85-98% on leaves and 90-99% on clusters) as compared to the UTC.
  • Spray dates and approximate phenological stages were as follows: 8 Jun. 2019 (4-6 in. shoot), 19 Jun. 2019 (12-16 in. shoot), 26 June (bloom), 3 July (1 st post-bloom), 10 Jul. 2019 (2 nd post-bloom), 24 Jul. 2019 (3 rd post-bloom), 7 Aug. 2019 (4 th post-bloom), 21 Aug. 2019 (5 th post-bloom). Rainfall totals between sprays were: 1.63, 2.66, 0.68, 0.21, 1.36, 0.97, and 1.45 in., respectively.
  • Powdery and downy mildew was significantly reduced using several of the treatments. The most effective treatment was Manzate/Abound/Revus Top/Pristine reducing powdery mildew by 100% and downy mildew by 99%.
  • the term ‘including’ should be read to mean ‘including, without limitation,’ ‘including but not limited to,’ or the like;
  • the term ‘comprising’ as used herein is synonymous with ‘including,’ ‘containing,’ or ‘characterized by,’ and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps;
  • the term ‘having’ should be interpreted as ‘having at least;’ the term ‘includes’ should be interpreted as ‘includes but is not limited to;’ the term ‘example’ is used to provide exemplary instances of the item in discussion, not an exhaustive or limiting list thereof; adjectives such as ‘known’, ‘normal’, ‘standard’, and terms of similar meaning should not be construed as limiting the item described to a given time period or to an item available as of a given time, but instead should be read to encompass known, normal, or standard technologies that may be available or known now or at any time in the future; and use of terms like ‘preferably,’ ‘preferred,’ ‘desi
  • a group of items linked with the conjunction ‘and’ should not be read as requiring that each and every one of those items be present in the grouping, but rather should be read as ‘and/or’ unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • a group of items linked with the conjunction ‘or’ should not be read as requiring mutual exclusivity among that group, but rather should be read as ‘and/or’ unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • the agricultural composition according to this disclosure provides for an environmentally friendly, stable, and effective anti-pathogen.
  • the synergistic interactions between the anti-pathogenic compound (exemplified herein as a fungicide) and the chemical activator of the agricultural composition were unexpected and surprising.
  • the agricultural composition allows easy dosage and easy use in any type of soft or hard, acidic or alkaline water and allows organic treatment. Further, the composition allows for use, alone or in combination with other pathogen treatment protocols in pre-harvest or post-harvest plant crops, seeds, flowers, fruits, vegetables, trees, animals, equipment, cleaning tools, greenhouses, other spaces on the farm or industrial facilities.

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