US20210290517A1 - Enhanced moisturizer deposition in cleansing liquids containing hydrophobically or non-hydrophobically modified anionic polymers - Google Patents

Enhanced moisturizer deposition in cleansing liquids containing hydrophobically or non-hydrophobically modified anionic polymers Download PDF

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US20210290517A1
US20210290517A1 US17/263,437 US201917263437A US2021290517A1 US 20210290517 A1 US20210290517 A1 US 20210290517A1 US 201917263437 A US201917263437 A US 201917263437A US 2021290517 A1 US2021290517 A1 US 2021290517A1
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polymer
composition according
hydrophobically
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Lindsay Kaitlin Dougherty
Jamie Lynn Miller
Tirucherai Varahan Vasudevan
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Conopco Inc
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Conopco Inc
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Assigned to CONOPCO, INC., D/B/A UNILEVER reassignment CONOPCO, INC., D/B/A UNILEVER ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VASUDEVAN, TIRUCHERAI VARAHAN, MILLER, JAMIE LYNN, DOUGHERTY, LINDSAY KAITLIN
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0295—Liquid crystals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/03—Liquid compositions with two or more distinct layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/361—Carboxylic acids having more than seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
    • A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/442—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof substituted by amido group(s)
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    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/447—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof containing sulfur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • A61K8/466—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfonic acid derivatives; Salts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/737—Galactomannans, e.g. guar; Derivatives thereof
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    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8147—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof, e.g. crotonic acid, (meth)acrylic acid; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
    • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61Q19/007—Preparations for dry skin
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    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/48—Thickener, Thickening system
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    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
    • A61K2800/542—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge
    • A61K2800/5424—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge anionic
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    • A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
    • A61K2800/542—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge
    • A61K2800/5426—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge cationic
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to body and hair cleansing compositions which are lamellar structured and which contain oil-based moisturizers such as petrolatum and triglyceride oils (hereinafter “moisturizers”). Such moisturizers are typically added to cleansing compositions as neat materials or in a pre-emulsified form.
  • Compositions of the invention also contain cationic deposition polymers used typically to enhance deposition of the moisturizers. Such cationic deposition polymers will typically interact with anionic structuring polymers, also typically used in such lamellar structured moisturizing compositions; such interaction between cationic deposition polymers (“CDP”) and anionic structuring polymers reduces deposition efficiency of the CDP such that less moisturizer is deposited.
  • CDP cationic deposition polymers
  • Lamellar cleansing compositions that are formulated with mild surfactants meet the above criteria as lamellar structures provide lotion like consistency that cues moisturization, and mild surfactants cause less damage to skin and hair. Additionally, unlike isotropic formulations, lamellar formulations can also hold large amounts of hydrophobic emollients such as triglyceride oils and petrolatum that provide clinical moisturization benefits. The deposition of these moisturizers is promoted by the addition of cationic deposition polymers such as guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride (U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,857).
  • Lamellar formulations that contain high loading of emollient oils have been exemplified in several patents assigned to Puvvada et al. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,952,286, 5,962,395, 6,150,312 and 6,426,326.
  • none of these references disclose use of anionic polymeric structurants, hydrophobically modified or non-hydrophobically modified, to stabilize sub-micron sized moisturizer droplets that can be deposited efficiently in lamellar liquids comprising cationic deposition polymers.
  • compositions of our invention have levels of 0.4%, preferably 0.35% and below of nonionic emulsifier of HLB from 1.4 to 13
  • the high salts seen in compositions of Wei are also not desirable in formulations of our invention as they can cause corrosion to equipment during manufacturing.
  • Our formulations in contrast, are formulated with 2.75%, preferably 2.7% of sodium chloride or less.
  • there is no recognition in these Wei references how the structuring polymers affect deposition of moisturizers; and also of what role does the mildness of the formulation play in the deposition of such moisturizers.
  • Compositions of our invention have a defined mildness value (measured by CIM value using Corneosurfametry), a methodology defined later.
  • cationic deposition polymers are typically used to promote deposition of oil based moisturizers in lamellar liquids.
  • anionic polymers are used to structure the liquids, but these typically interact with the cationic deposition polymers to lower deposition.
  • anionic structuring polymers especially particular cross-linked hydrophobically or non-hydrophobically modified anionic polymers, interfere minimally in deposition of sub-micron sized moisturizer droplets by cationic deposition polymer, while providing excellent stability.
  • hydrophobically or non-hydrophobically modified anionic polymer of the invention can be defined by a combination of (a) viscosity measured in 2% polymer solution at specified pH level; and (b) slope of viscosity of the shear rate curve of the polymer solution. While not wishing to be bound by theory, these variables are believed to be linked to the anionicity and the molecular weight of the polymers. When polymers fall within ranges defined by the values (a) and (b) noted above, enhanced moisturizer deposition is found in the presence of cationic deposition polymers.
  • compositions of the invention comprise 0.4% or less, preferably 0.3% or less, more preferably 0.2% or less and most preferably 0.1% or less of non-ionic emulsifier of HLB 1.4-13 while maintaining stability of lamellar compositions.
  • compositions of Wei require greater than this amount of emulsifier to maintain lamellar stability (see Table 6 at end).
  • Compositions of our invention also preferably comprise 2.7% or less, preferably 2.5% or less, more preferably 2% or less, e.g. 0.1 to 2% by wt salt.
  • composition of the invention can be defined as follows.
  • lamellar structured cleansers with mild surfactant systems that comprise:
  • slope of the viscosity shear rate curve is in the range of ⁇ 0.6 to ⁇ 1.2, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.7 to ⁇ 1.1 and most preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.8 to ⁇ 1.0;
  • the cleansing formulation comprises 0.4% or less, preferably 0.3% or less, more preferably 0.2% or less and most preferably 0.1% or less of nonionic emulsifiers of HLB 1.4 to 13, and 2.7% or less, preferably 2.5% or less and more preferably 2% or less of salt, especially sodium chloride, and preferably has a corneosurfametry calorimetric Index of Mildness, CIM, of 53 or greater, preferably 55 or greater and more preferably 55 to 65.
  • CIM corneosurfametry calorimetric Index of Mildness
  • ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as terminus of the range. The use of “and/or” indicates that any one from the list can be chosen individually, or any combination from the list can be chosen.
  • compositions of the invention are lamellar structured liquid cleansing compositions that comprise moisturizing conditioning agent, also referred to as moisturizers (e.g., petrolatum, triglyceride); and further comprise cationic deposition polymers.
  • moisturizing conditioning agent also referred to as moisturizers (e.g., petrolatum, triglyceride)
  • moisturizers e.g., petrolatum, triglyceride
  • the cationic deposition polymers will typically interact with such thickener, and this interaction will negatively impact deposition of the moisturizer.
  • compositions of the invention use 0.4% or less, preferably 0.3% or less, more preferably 0.2% or less and most preferably 0.1% or less of non-ionic emulsifiers of HLB 1.4 to 13 and 2.7% or less, preferably 2.5% or less and more preferably 2% or less of salt, especially sodium chloride, while maintaining stability of lamellar composition. Higher levels of salts can be corrosive to machinery used in preparation of the composition.
  • compositions of the invention comprise:
  • the cleansing formulation comprises 0.4% or less, preferably 0.1 to 0.35% nonionic emulsifiers of HLB 1.4 to 13; and 2.7% or less, preferably 2.5% or less and more preferably 2% or less of salt, especially sodium chloride, and preferably has a corneosurfametry calorimetric Index of Mildness, CIM, of 53 or greater, preferably 55 or greater and more preferably 55 to 65.
  • CIM corneosurfametry calorimetric Index of Mildness
  • compositions are described more particularly below:
  • the surfactant system of the subject invention comprises 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30%, more preferably 5 to 20% by wt. of the composition and comprises:
  • the anionic surfactant (which may comprise 2 to 40% by wt. of total composition) may be, for example, an aliphatic sulfonate, such as a primary alkane (e.g., C 8 -C 22 ) sulfonate, primary alkane (e.g., C 8 -C 22 ) disulfonate, C 8 -C 22 alkene sulfonate, C 8 -C 22 hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS); or an aromatic sulfonate such as alkyl benzene sulfonate, and the like.
  • a primary alkane e.g., C 8 -C 22
  • primary alkane e.g., C 8 -C 22
  • disulfonate C 8 -C 22 alkene sulfonate
  • the anionic may also be an alkyl sulfate (e.g., C 12 -C 18 alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfate (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates), and the like.
  • alkyl ether sulfates are those having the formula:
  • R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons, preferably 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of greater than 1.0, preferably between 2 and 3; and M is a solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium. Ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sulfates are preferred.
  • the anionic may also be alkyl sulfosuccinates (including mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C 6 -C 22 sulfosuccinates); alkyl and acyl taurates, alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, C 8 -C 22 alkyl phosphates and phosphates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C 8 -C 22 monoalkyl succinates and maleates, sulphoacetates, and acyl isethionates, and the like.
  • alkyl sulfosuccinates including mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C 6 -C 22 sulfosuccinates
  • alkyl and acyl taurates alkyl and acyl sarcosinates
  • sulfoacetates C 8
  • Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyl sulfosuccinates having the formula:
  • amido-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula:
  • R 4 ranges from C3-C 22 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation
  • amido-MIPA sulfosuccinates of formula:
  • alkoxylated citrate sulfosuccinates alkoxylated citrate sulfosuccinates
  • alkoxylated sulfosuccinates such as the following:
  • n 1 to 20; and M is as defined above.
  • Sarcosinates are generally indicated by the formula RCON(CH 3 )CH 2 CO 2 M, wherein R ranges from C 8 to C 20 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.
  • Taurates are generally identified by formula:
  • R 2 ranges from C 3 -C 20 alkyl
  • R 3 ranges from C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • M is a solubilizing cation.
  • carboxylates such as follows:
  • R is C 8 to C 20 alkyl; n is 0 to 20; and M is as defined above.
  • amido alkyl polypeptide carboxylates such as, for example, Monteine LCQ® by Seppic.
  • C8-C18 acyl isethionates Another surfactant which may be used are the C8-C18 acyl isethionates. These esters are prepared by reaction between alkali metal isethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbons atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbons and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Acyl isethionates when present, will generally range from about 0.5-15% by weight of the total composition. Preferably, this component is present from about 1 to about 10%.
  • the acyl isethionate may be an alkoxylated isethionate such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,466, titled “Fatty Acid Esters of Polyalkoxylated Isethionic Acid” issued Feb. 28, 1995 to Ilardi et al., herby incorporated by reference into the subject application.
  • This compound has the general formula:
  • R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons
  • m is an integer from 1 to 4
  • X and Y are hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons
  • M + is a monovalent cation such as, for example, sodium, potassium or ammonium.
  • anionics are N-acyl derivatives of amino acids.
  • surfactant containing sulfate preferably 0.1 or even 0.05% or less.
  • sulfate containing surfactant is absent altogether.
  • Preferred surfactants are acylglutamate, acylaspartate, acylglycinate and acylalaninate surfactants.
  • these are potassium and/or sodium salts of acylglutamate or acylaspartate or acylglycinate or acylalaninate, wherein greater than 65% of the acyl chains has chain length C 14 or less, e.g., C 8 to C 14 (e.g., derived from coconut fatty acid).
  • the acyl chains preferably have greater than 75%, more preferably greater than 80% C 14 or less chain length.
  • greater than 75%, most preferably greater than 80% of the chain length are C 12 , C 14 or mixtures thereof.
  • amino acid surfactants there are two formats of amino acid surfactants commercially available. One is powder or flake format, which is typically more expensive and high in purity. Examples of solid dicarboxylic amino acid surfactants include:
  • solid monocarboxylic amino acid surfactants examples include:
  • Liquid amino acid surfactants typically contain 20-35% surfactant active, and are high in pH and inorganic salt (e.g. 3 to 6% NaCl). Examples include:
  • Zwitterionic surfactants are exemplified by those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • a general formula for these compounds is:
  • R 2 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety;
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms,
  • R 3 is an alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group containing about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms;
  • X is 1 when Y is a sulfur atom, and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom;
  • R 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups.
  • surfactants examples include:
  • Amphoteric detergents which may be used in this invention include at least one acid group. This may be a carboxylic or a sulphonic acid group. They include quaternary nitrogen and therefore are quaternary amido acids. They should generally include an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms. They will usually comply with an overall structural formula:
  • R1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms
  • R2 and R3 are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or caboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
  • n 2 to 4;
  • X is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl
  • Y is —CO 2 — or —SO 3 —
  • Suitable amphoteric detergents within the above general formula include simple betaines of formula:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are defined as previously.
  • R 1 may in particular be a mixture of C 12 and C 14 alkyl groups derived from coconut so that at least half, preferably at least three quarters of the groups R 1 have 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 and R 3 are preferably methyl.
  • a suitable betaine is cocoamidopropyl betaine.
  • amphoteric detergent is a sulphobetaine of formula:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as discussed previously.
  • Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates are also intended to be covered in possible zwitterionic and/or amphoteric compounds which may be used, especially C 8 -C 20 amphoacetates or mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • a suitable amphoacetate is sodium laurylamphoacetate.
  • amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactant when used, generally comprises 0.1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 20% by weight
  • a preferred surfactant system of the invention comprises the following: anionic surfactant (e.g., alkali metal alkyl ethersulfate)—2-50%; amphoteric surfactant (e.g., alkyl betaine or alkyl amphoacetate)—1-20%.
  • the surfactant system may also optionally comprise a nonionic surfactant.
  • a characteristic of the invention is that, even if level of nonionic emulsifier is 0.4% or less, the composition still maintains lamellar structure.
  • the nonionic which may be used includes in particular the reaction products of compound shaving a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides, or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.
  • Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C 6 -C 22 ) phenols-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C 8 -C 18 ) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.
  • Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides, and the like.
  • the nonionic may also be a sugar amide, such as a polysaccharide amide.
  • the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,279 titled “Compositions comprising nonionic glycolipid surfactants” issued on Feb. 14, 1995 to Au et al. which is hereby incorporated by reference or it may be one of the sugar amides described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,814 titled “Use of n-polyhydroxyalkyl fatty acid amides as thickening agents for liquid aqueous surfactant systems” issued on Apr. 23, 1991 to Kelkenberg, hereby incorporated into the subject application by reference.
  • alkyl polysaccharides are alkylpolyglycosides of the formula:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14, carbon atoms; n is 0 to 3, preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from 1.3 to about 10, preferably from 1.3 to about 2.7.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glycose, to form the glycoside (attachment at the 1-position). The additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1-position and the preceding glycosyl units 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6-position, preferably predominantly the 2-position.
  • the nonionic may comprise 0 to 10% or 0 to 5% by wt. of the composition.
  • the non-ionic emulfiers of the type exemplified by Wei comprises 0.4% or less, preferably 0.3%, more preferably 0.2% or less and most preferably 0.1% or less by wt. of the composition.
  • the lamellar structure remains stable even at these low levels of non-ionic emulsifier.
  • the composition of the invention utilize about 0.1 to 20% by wt., preferably 1 to 10%, more preferably 2 to 5% by wt. of a structuring agent which works in the compositions to form a lamellar phase.
  • a structuring agent which works in the compositions to form a lamellar phase.
  • Such lamellar phase enables the compositions to suspend particles more readily (e.g., emollient particles) while still maintaining good shear thinning properties.
  • the lamellar phase also provides consumers with desired rheology (“heaping”).
  • the structurant is preferably a fatty acid or ester derivative, thereof, a fatty alcohol, or trihydroxystearin, and the like. More preferably the structurant is selected from the group consisting of caprylic, capric, lauric acid, myristic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • fatty acids which may be used are C 8 -C 22 acids such as the following: lauric acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, elaidic acid, arachidonic acid, myristoleic acid and palmitoleic acid, and the like.
  • Ester derivatives include propylene glycol isostearate, propylene glycol oleate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl oleate and polyglyceryl diisostearate, and the like.
  • Moisturizing and Conditioning Agent e.g., Oil/Emollient
  • Vegetable oils arachis oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, safflfower seed oil, sesame seed oil, sunflower seed oil and soybean oil, and the like.
  • Esters butyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, decyloleate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl linoleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, propylene glycol monolaurate, propylene glycol ricinoleate, propylene glycol stearate, and propylene glycol isostearate, and the like.
  • the emollient/oil is generally used in an amount from about 1 to 25%, preferably 1 to 10% by wt. of the composition.
  • composition comprises 0.01 to 5%, preferably 0.1 to 2% by wt. of a cationic deposition polymer (cationic conditioner).
  • cationic conditioner a cationic deposition polymer
  • Cationic conditoners may include Quatrisoft® LM-200, polyquaternium-24, Merquat® plus 3330, polyquaternium-39 and Jaguar® type polymers. They may further include cationic cellulose type polymers such as Polyquaternium 10 (UCare Series from Dow) and synthetic cationic polymers such as Polyquaternium 49 and polyquaternium 51. (Merquat Series from Lubrizol)]
  • Cationic deposition polymers may also include hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose polymers such as SoftCat Series from Dow Chemical Company.
  • compositions of the invention may include optional ingredients as follows: Organic solvents, such as ethanol; auxiliary thickeners, sequestering agents, such as tetrasodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA), EHDP or mixtures in an amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%; and coloring agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, TiO 2 , or EGMS (ethylene glycol monostearate); all of which are useful in enhancing the appearance of cosmetic properties of the product.
  • Organic solvents such as ethanol
  • auxiliary thickeners such as tetrasodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA), EHDP or mixtures in an amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%
  • coloring agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, TiO 2 , or EGMS (ethylene glycol monostearate
  • compositions may further comprise antimicrobials such as 2-hydroxy 4,2′4′ trichlorodiphenylether (DP300); preservatives such as dimethyloldimethylhydantoin (Glydant XL1000), parabens, sorbic acid, etc.
  • antimicrobials such as 2-hydroxy 4,2′4′ trichlorodiphenylether (DP300); preservatives such as dimethyloldimethylhydantoin (Glydant XL1000), parabens, sorbic acid, etc.
  • compositions may also comprise coconut acyl mono- or diethanol amides as suds boosters.
  • Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) may be used advantageously in amounts of about 0.01% or higher if appropriate.
  • BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
  • deflocculating polymers such as are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,576 title “Liquid Detergent Composition in the Form of Lamellar Deoplets Containing a Deflocculating Polymer”, issued on Sep. 15, 1992 to Montague, hereby incorporated by reference.
  • exfoliants such as polyoxyethylene beads, walnut sheets and apricot seeds, and the like.
  • compositions of the invention are lamellar compositions.
  • the lamellar phase comprises 20 to 80%, preferably 30 to 65% of the total phase volume.
  • the phase volume may be measured, for example, by conductivity measurements or other measurements which are well known to those skilled in the art. While not wishing to be bound by theory, higher phase volume is believed to provide better suspension of emollients.
  • the structuring polymers of the invention are hydrophobically modified anionic cross-linked polymers. Such polymers are also referred to as “associative” polymers.
  • These polymers are constituted by a hydrophilic main chain and hydrophobic side-chains. Their behaviour in solution is a result of competition between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of their structure. The hydrophobic units lead to the formation of aggregates constituting linkage points between the macromolecular chains. From a rheological viewpoint, these generally water-soluble (e.g. typically soluble under slightly acidic or alkaline conditions) polymers have a very high viscosifying power in water and retain their viscosity well in a saline medium. In mixed polymer and surfactant systems, surfactant aggregates can form, which are stabilized by different types of interactions: electrostatic interactions, dipolar interactions, or hydrogen bonds. The typically water-soluble polymers can interact more specifically with surfactants due to their hydrophobic portions.
  • the hydrophilic main chain of these polymers can, in particular, result from polymerization of a hydrophilic monomer containing functions onto which hydrophobic chains can subsequently be grafted, for example acid functions.
  • This method of preparing the polymers is described in particular in the “Water Soluble Polymers”, ACS Symposium Series 467, ed. Shalaby W. Shalaby et al., Am. Chem. Soc. Washington (1991), pp. 82-200.
  • a water-soluble polymer of natural origin, or a natural polymer rendered water-soluble by chemical modification can also be used.
  • Polymers can also be formed by copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers and hydrophobic monomers.
  • hydrophobic polymers introduced into the reaction medium in a much smaller quantity than the hydrophilic polymers, generally comprise a fatty hydrocarbon chain. This method of preparation is described in the publication by S. Biggs et al., J. Phys. Chem. (1992, 96, pp 1505-11).
  • the hydrophilic main chain is constituted as monomers carrying highly hydrophobic pendant groups.
  • the molar percentage of monomers carrying hydrophobic pendant groups is termed the modification percentage of the hydrophilic chain.
  • the hydrophobic pendant groups can be any hydrophobic pendant group which is conventionally used to prepare the polymers.
  • the hydrophobic groups used comprise a backbone containing at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 28 carbon atoms.
  • the concentration of polymer in the composition is generally in the range about 0.01% to about 5 or from about 0.05 to about 2.0% by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight or from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition.
  • Preferred associative polymers include hydrophobically modified polyacrylates; hydrophobically modified polysaccharides; hydrophobically modified urethanes.
  • Non-limiting examples of polymers include Acrylates/Vinyl Isodecanoate Crosspolymer (Stabylen 30 from 3V), Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer (Pemulen TR1 and TR2), Ammonium Acryloyldimethylaurate/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Crosspolymer (Aristoflex HMB from Clariant), Arylates/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer (Aculyn 28 from Rohm and Haas)); Acrylates/Steareth-20 Methacrylate Copolymer (Aculyn 22 from Rohm and Haas), PEG-150/Decyl Alclhol/SMDI Copolymer (Aculyn 44 from Rohm and Haas), PEG-150 Distearate (Aculyn 60 from Rohm and Haas), Acrylates/Steareth-20 Methacrylate Crosspolymer (Aculyn 88 from Rohm and Haas).
  • the polymer is a crosslinked alkali swellable, associative polymer comprising acidic monomers and associative monomers with hydrophobic end groups, where the polymer comprises a percentage hydrophobic modification and a hydrophobic side chain comprising alkyl functional groups having a length.
  • acidic monomers contribute to the ability of the polymer to swell in water upon neutralization of the acidic groups; and associative monomers (e.g.
  • Monomers comprising only 2 or fewer alkyl hydrocarbons are not considered associative for the purposes of the present invention, all side chains having more than 2 carbons being associative.
  • Associative alkyl side chains comprise for example butyl, propyl, stearyl, steareth, cetyl, lauryl, laureth, octyl, behenyl, beheneth, steareth, or other linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or alketh hydrocarbon side chains.
  • Preferred polymers of the invention are hydrophobically or non-hydrophobically modified crosslinked polyacrylates rather than hydrophobically modified linear polyacrylates. Their viscosity is typically much lower.
  • viscosity of a 2% solution (e.g. in water), (measured at pH 6.35 and shear rate 5 S ⁇ 1 , and further measured at 25 deg C., using a rheometer), is in range of 1 to 100 centipoise, more preferably 10 to 80 centipoise and most preferably 20 to 60 centipoise.
  • slope of the viscosity shear rate curve is in the range of ⁇ 0.6 to ⁇ 1.2, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.7 to ⁇ 1.1 and most preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.8 to ⁇ 1.0.
  • the slope measures the shear thinning nature of the polymer, wherein the higher the slope (more negative), the more shear thinning the polymer is.
  • Composition of the invention contain 0.4% or less, preferably 0.3% or less, more preferably 0.2% or less, most preferably 0.1% or less of HLB 1.4-13 nonionic emulsifiers such as those used in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,105,996 and 8,158,566 to Wei et al noted above.
  • compositions of the invention comprise 2.7% or less, preferably 2.5% or less and more preferably 2% or less of salt, especially sodium chloride.
  • the following compositions were prepared.
  • the petrolatum emulsion was prepared as noted in Table 2 and in the explanation of preparation set forth below Table 2.
  • the aqueous phase was mixed and heated in a stirred tank mixer, and oil phase was heated in a separate beaker. Once heated, the oil phase was added to the aqueous phase containing stirred tank mixer. Both oil phase and aqueous phases were heated to 75 degrees C., either separately and combined, or after they have been combined.
  • the homogenizer was turned up to 1000 rpm.
  • composition was mixed and homogenized for 10 minutes at 4000 rpm
  • compositions was passed (one pass) through a nano DeBee, a bench scale sonolator, at 5000 psi.
  • Table 3 above demonstrates that mildness of composition can vary depending, for example, on surfactant composition.
  • deposition is a function of the type of structuring polymer used.
  • Table 5 shows that the deposition depends on the polymer used for those formulations of Examples 1 through 3 which statistically have the same level of mildness (see Table 3).
  • Formulation of Example 4 a formulation which is statistically harsher than the other formulations, deposition is not affected by the polymer used.
  • CIM value a function of mildness as defined by CIM value.
  • the polymers of lower viscosity e.g., Pemulen TR versus Aculyn 88
  • enhance deposition of oil when composition has CIM value for example, 55 or greater, but do not enhance viscosity when composition has CIM value below 55.

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