US20210164508A1 - Fastening part structure for frp member, metal collar, and method of attaching metal collar - Google Patents

Fastening part structure for frp member, metal collar, and method of attaching metal collar Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210164508A1
US20210164508A1 US16/649,089 US201716649089A US2021164508A1 US 20210164508 A1 US20210164508 A1 US 20210164508A1 US 201716649089 A US201716649089 A US 201716649089A US 2021164508 A1 US2021164508 A1 US 2021164508A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
collar member
circumferential surface
hole
radial direction
inner circumferential
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US16/649,089
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroshi Ookubo
Hayato SAKURAI
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Assigned to NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SAKURAI, HAYATO, OOKUBO, HIROSHI
Publication of US20210164508A1 publication Critical patent/US20210164508A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
    • F16B13/0858—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation with an expansible sleeve or dowel body driven against a tapered or spherical expander plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
    • F16B13/0825—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation with a locking element, e.g. sleeve, ring or key co-operating with a cammed or eccentrical surface of the dowel body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
    • F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
    • F16B13/143—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/02—Bolts or sleeves for positioning of machine parts, e.g. notched taper pins, fitting pins, sleeves, eccentric positioning rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/02—Releasable fastening devices locking by rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • F16B5/0258—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread using resiliently deformable sleeves, grommets or inserts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0642—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fastening part structure for an FRP member, a metal collar, and a method of attaching the metal collar.
  • FRP member For fastening a to-be-fastened object to a member made of fiber reinforced plastic (hereinafter, FRP member), there has been a method of attaching a metal collar in a through-hole formed in the FRP member and fastening the FRP member and the to-be-fastened object together using a fastening tool inserted through the metal collar.
  • the metal collar is bonded and fixed to the FRP member with an adhesive applied in a gap between the outer circumferential surface of the metal collar and a hole inner circumferential surface.
  • Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-332975 discloses related art.
  • An object of the present invention is to, in a fastening part structure in which a metal collar is attached in a through-hole formed in an FRP member, prevent damage to reinforced fiber in a hole peripheral part, which may occur in the process of attaching the metal collar, while suppressing influence due to creep deformation of an adhesive.
  • a metal collar attached in a through-hole of an FRP member includes a first collar member and a second collar member.
  • the first collar member includes an outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface.
  • the outer circumferential surface is in contact with a hole inner circumferential surface of the through-hole.
  • a slit communicating from one end face to another end face of the first collar member is formed in a part in a circumferential direction of the first collar member.
  • the second collar member applies a pressing force outward in a radial direction to at least a part of the inner circumferential surface of the first collar member or applies a pressing force to inner surfaces of the slit in a direction in which the inner surfaces separate from each other in a circumferential direction.
  • the second collar member is held in the first collar member by reaction of the pressing force, deforms the first collar member for diameter expansion with the pressing force, and presses the outer circumferential surface against the hole inner circumferential surface.
  • FIG. 1A is a sectional view along the center axis of a through-hole of a fastening part structure according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1B is a lower side view of a fastening part structure according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1C is an developed perspective view of a metal collar according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1D is a partial sectional view showing the structure of a microcapsule.
  • FIG. 1E is an explanatory diagram of an assembly process for the metal collar according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1F is an explanatory diagram of the assembly process following FIG. 1E .
  • FIG. 2A is an developed perspective view of a metal collar according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 2B is an explanatory view of an assembly process for the metal collar according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 2C is an explanatory view of the assembly process following FIG. 2B .
  • FIG. 3A is a sectional view along the center axis of a through-hole of a fastening part structure according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3B is a sectional view along a IIIB-IIIB line in FIG. 3A .
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram developing, in a circumferential direction, and schematically showing an example of a positional relation between the outer circumferential surface of an inner collar member and the inner circumferential surface of an outer collar member according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3D is a developed perspective view of a metal collar according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3E is a perspective view of the metal collar according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3F is an explanatory diagram of an assembly process for the metal collar according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3G is an explanatory diagram of the assembly process following FIG. 3F .
  • FIG. 3H is a sectional view along a IIIH-IIIH line in FIG. 3G .
  • FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram of an assembly process for a metal collar according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram of the assembly process following FIG. 4A .
  • FIG. 4C is an explanatory diagram of the assembly process following FIG. 4B .
  • FIG. 5A is a developed perspective view of a metal collar according to a fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 5B is a partial sectional view along the center axis of a through-hole of a fastening part structure according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 6A is a plan view of an outer collar member according to a sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram of an assembly process for a metal collar according to the sixth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into a through-hole.
  • FIG. 6C is a sectional view along a VIC-VIC line in FIG. 6B .
  • FIG. 7A is a main part sectional view of a metal collar according to a seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 7B is a sectional view along a IXB-IXB line in FIG. 7A
  • FIG. 7C is a sectional view along a IXC-IXC line in FIG. 7A of a metal collar according to a modification of the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 7D is a diagram for explaining action of a low-rigidity part of an outer collar member according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 7E is a diagram for explaining the action of the low-rigidity part of the outer collar member according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 8A is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of a through-hole for explaining an assembly process for a metal collar according to an eighth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 8B is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of the through-hole for explaining the assembly process following FIG. 8A and shows a state where an inner collar member is rotated with respect to an FRP member to bring an outer collar member into contact with a hole inner circumferential surface.
  • FIG. 8C is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of the through-hole for explaining the assembly process following FIG. 8B and shows a state where the inner collar member is rotated with respect to the outer collar member to deform the outer collar member for diameter expansion with the inner collar member.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view along the center axis of a through-hole of a fastening part structure according to a ninth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10A is a sectional view along the center axis of a through-hole of a fastening part structure according to a tenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10B is a sectional view along a XB-XB line in FIG. 10A .
  • FIG. 10C is a diagram developing, in a circumferential direction, and schematically showing an example of a positional relation between external teeth of an inner collar member and internal teeth of an outer collar member according to the tenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10D is an explanatory diagram of an assembly process for a metal collar according to the tenth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 10E is a sectional view along a XE-XE line in FIG. 10D .
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram developing, in a circumferential direction, and schematically showing an example of a positional relation between external teeth of an inner collar member and internal teeth of an outer collar member according to an eleventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 12A is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of a through-hole for explaining an assembly process for a metal collar according to a twelfth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 12B is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of the through-hole for explaining the assembly process following FIG. 12A and shows a state where an inner collar member is rotated with respect to an outer collar member to deform the outer collar member for diameter expansion with the inner collar member.
  • FIG. 12C is a diagram developing, in a circumferential direction, and schematically showing a positional relation between external teeth of the inner collar member and internal teeth of the outer collar member shown in FIG. 12A .
  • FIG. 12D is a diagram schematically showing an example of a positional relation between the external teeth of the inner collar member and the internal teeth of the outer collar member shown in FIG. 12B .
  • FIG. 13A is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of a through-hole for explaining an assembly process for a metal collar according to a thirteenth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 13B is a diagram developing, in a circumferential direction, and schematically showing a positional relation between external teeth of an inner collar member and internal teeth of an outer collar member shown in FIG. 13A .
  • FIG. 13C is a diagram schematically showing an example of a positional relation between the external teeth of the inner collar member and the internal teeth of the outer collar member at the time when the inner collar member is rotated with respect to the outer collar member to deform the outer collar member for diameter expansion with the inner collar member.
  • FIG. 14A is a diagram developing, in a circumferential direction, and schematically showing a positional relation between external teeth of an inner collar member and internal teeth of an outer collar member at the time when a metal collar according to a fourteenth embodiment is fitted into a through-hole.
  • FIG. 14B is a diagram schematically showing an example of a positional relation between the external teeth of the inner collar member and the internal teeth of the outer collar member at the time when the inner collar member is rotated with respect to the outer collar member according to the fourteenth embodiment to deform the outer collar member for diameter expansion with the inner collar member.
  • FIG. 15A is a main part sectional view of a metal collar according to a fifteenth embodiment and shows a state where an inner collar member is inserted into an outer collar member.
  • FIG. 15B is an enlarged diagram of a XBV part in FIG. 15A .
  • FIG. 15C is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of a through-hole for explaining an assembly process for the metal collar according to the fifteenth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 16A is a sectional view along the center axis of a through-hole of a fastening part structure according to a sixteenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 16B is a sectional view along a XVIB-XVIB line in FIG. 16A .
  • FIG. 16C is a plan view of a metal collar according to the sixteenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 16D is an enlarged plan view of a slit of the metal collar according to the sixteenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 16E is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of the through-hole for explaining an assembly process for the metal collar according to the sixteenth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 17A is a plan view of a metal collar according to a seventeenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 17B is a sectional view along a XVIIB-XVIIB line in FIG. 17A .
  • FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of an assembly process for a metal collar according to an eighteenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a main part enlarged view of a metal collar according to a nineteenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 20A is a main part enlarged view of a metal collar according to a twentieth embodiment.
  • FIG. 20B is a diagram schematically showing an example of a positional relation between a slit of a collar member and a wedge member at the time when the wedge member is driven into the slit of the collar member according to the twentieth embodiment to deform the outer collar member for diameter expansion with the wedge member.
  • FIG. 21A is a plan view of a metal collar according to a twenty-first embodiment.
  • FIG. 21B is a sectional view along a XXIB-XXIB line in FIG. 21A .
  • FIG. 21C is a diagram for explaining action of the metal collar according to the twenty-first embodiment.
  • FIG. 21D is a diagram for explaining the action of the metal collar according to the twenty-first embodiment following FIG. 21C .
  • FIG. 22A is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of a through-hole for explaining an assembly process for a metal collar according to a twenty-second embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 22B is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of the through-hole for explaining the assembly process following FIG. 22A and shows a state where a wedge member is driven into a slit of a collar member to deform the outer collar member for diameter expansion with the wedge member.
  • FIG. 23A is a plan view of the metal collar according to a twenty-third embodiment.
  • FIG. 23B is a plan view of the metal collar at the time when a wedge member is driven into a slit of a collar member according to the twenty-third embodiment to deform the collar member for diameter expansion with the wedge member.
  • FIG. 24A is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of a through-hole for explaining an assembly process for a metal collar according to a twenty-fourth embodiment and shows a state where the metal collar is fitted into the through-hole.
  • FIG. 24B is a sectional view perpendicular to the center axis of the through-hole for explaining the assembly process following FIG. 24A and shows a state where a wedge member is driven into a slit of a collar member to deform the collar member for diameter expansion with the wedge member.
  • an “axial direction” means the axial direction of a through-hole formed in an FRP member and a “radial direction” means the radial direction of the through-hole.
  • a sectional shape of the through-hole is an elliptical shape or a regular polygonal shape
  • the “radial direction” means a direction orthogonal to the center axis of the through-hole.
  • a “circumferential direction” means a direction in which circumferential surfaces of members extends defined for each of the members.
  • a fastening part structure according to a first embodiment is explained with reference to FIG. 1A to FIG. 1F .
  • a metal collar 2 is attached in a through-hole H formed in an FRP member 1 .
  • the metal collar 2 includes, as shown in FIG. 1C , an outer collar member 10 and an inner collar member 20 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is configured from metal such as steel and has an annular or tubular shape.
  • the outer collar member 10 includes an outer circumferential surface 11 and an inner circumferential surface 12 .
  • the width (or the axial direction length) of the outer collar member 10 is substantially equal to the depth of the through-hole H (or the width of a hole inner circumferential surface Hs).
  • a slit 13 is formed in a part in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 assumes a C shape in plan view and is elastically deformable in the radial direction (a diameter expanding and reducing direction) of the through-hole H.
  • the slit 13 communicates from a side surface 14 , which is one end face, to a side surface 15 , which is the other end face, in the axial direction of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the shape of the slit 13 is not limited to the shape shown in the figure and may obliquely incline with respect to the axial direction or may be a polygonal line shape, a curved line shape, or a shape obtained from a combination of the polygonal line shape and the curved line shape.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through-hole H.
  • the inner collar member 20 is configured from metal such as steel and includes a tubular main body section 21 and a tabular flange section 22 .
  • the flange section 22 extends outward in the radial direction from the upper side end portion of an outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 .
  • An insertion hole 24 for inserting a fastening tool F is opened on a side surface (a front surface) 22 a on the upper side of the flange section 22 .
  • the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 is fitted into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 is in contact with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is in a state where the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through-hole H.
  • a side surface (a rear surface) 22 b on the lower side (the outer collar member 10 side) of the flange section 22 and the side surface 14 on the upper side (the flange section 22 side) of the outer collar member 10 are opposed to and in contact with each other in the axial direction of the through-hole H (hereinafter, the axis of the through-hole H is referred to as “hole axis” as well).
  • the inner collar member 20 is pressed into the outer collar member 10 .
  • a pressing force is applied outward in the radial direction from the outer circumferential surface 23 (a pressing surface) of the main body section 21 to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is deformed in a diameter expanding direction by the pressing force.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the inner collar member 20 receives reaction of the pressing force from the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner collar member 20 is held in the outer collar member 10 by the reaction.
  • outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 are bonded by an adhesive.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs are bonded by the adhesive.
  • the peripheral part of the through-hole H of the FRP member 1 configures a fastening part in conjunction with the metal collar 2 .
  • the fastening part is fastened to an to-be-fastened object E (see FIG. 21C and FIG. 21D ) laid on a surface 1 b on the lower side of the FRP member 1 by the fastening tool F inserted through the insertion hole 24 .
  • a washer made of metal is interposed between the surface 1 b on the lower side of the FRP member 1 and the upper surface of the to-be-fastened object E. In that state, the FRP member 1 and the to-be-fastened object E can also be fastened.
  • the FRP member 1 is configured from reinforced fiber and matrix resin.
  • the reinforced fiber is made of continuous fiber oriented along the surface direction of the FRP member 1 .
  • the FRP member 1 can have a laminated structure obtained by laminating reinforced fiber bundles in one direction or at varied angles or a form of fabrics.
  • the reinforced fiber is not particularly limited.
  • carbon fiber, glass fiber, polyaramide fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, boron fiber, and silicon carbide fiber can be used.
  • As the carbon fiber for example, polyacrylonitrile (PAN-based), pitch-based carbon fiber, cellulose-based carbon fiber, vapor phase growth-based carbon fiber, and graphite fiber can be used. Two or more kinds of these fibers may be combined and used.
  • the matrix resin is not particularly limited.
  • thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, polyimide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • the reinforced fiber of the FRP member 1 may be made of long fiber, discontinuous fiber such as short fiber, or a combination of the continuous fiber and the discontinuous fiber. A part of the entire reinforced fiber may be oriented at random.
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 is in contact with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and applies a pressing force outward in the radial direction to the inner circumferential surface 12 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is deformed in the diameter expanding direction and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by the pressing force. Therefore, a layer thickness of the adhesive disposed in a gap between the outer circumferential surface 11 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs can be set smaller than when the pressing force does not act.
  • the inner collar member 20 is held in the outer collar member 10 by reaction of the pressing force received from the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the shape of the outer collar member 10 is restrained by the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the inner collar member 20 . Therefore, a high pressing force can be more stably obtained than when the pressing force is obtained from only an elastic force of the outer collar member 10 . Therefore, with the fastening part structure according to this embodiment, it is possible to suppress influence (for example, a change with time of a positional relation between the through-hole H and the metal collar 2 ) due to creep deformation of the adhesive.
  • the slit 13 is formed in a part in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is deformable in the radial direction of the through-hole H. Therefore, when the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the through-hole H, the outer collar member 10 can be fitted while being deformed for diameter reduction. Consequently, it is possible to prevent a high frictional force from acting on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs from the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 fitted into the through-hole H is disposed such that the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the fastening part structure according to this embodiment it is possible to prevent damage to the reinforced fiber in the hole peripheral part that may occur in the process of attaching the metal collar 2 .
  • the outer diameter of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs even when the outer collar member 10 is in the natural state. Therefore, when the outer collar member 10 is attached in the through-hole H, it is possible to more surely prevent a high frictional force from acting on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs from the outer collar member 10 .
  • a tolerance of the inner diameter of the through-hole H of the FRP member 1 is ⁇ 0.2 mm to +0.2 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 in the natural state is desirably set smaller than a minimum value of the tolerance. Consequently, it is possible to more surely prevent an input of a frictional force to the hole inner circumferential surface Hs when the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the through-hole H.
  • a method of attaching the metal collar 2 in this embodiment is explained with reference to FIG. 1D to FIG. 1F .
  • microcapsules M are applied to at least one of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 in advance and dried.
  • the microcapsules M are applied on an application surface using resin as a binder and dried to form a film.
  • the microcapsule M is configured from an adhesive, which is a core material Ma, and a film material Mb containing the adhesive.
  • the pressing force and the press force at the time when the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs act on the microcapsule M, whereby the microcapsule M is broken and discharges the adhesive encapsulated inside the microcapsule M.
  • the microcapsules M can be manufactured using a publicly-known method including a chemical method such as an interfacial polymerization method, a physicochemical method such as a coacervation method, or a mechanical method such as pan coating method.
  • the adhesive for example, a publicly-known adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive that hardens when a solvent in the adhesive evaporates, hardens when reacting with oxygen and moisture in the air, and hardens when receiving heat and an ultraviolet ray can be used.
  • the adhesive may be a one-liquid type or a two-liquid mixing type.
  • the adhesive of the two-liquid mixing type hardens when the film material Mb of the microcapsule M is broken and, for example, a main agent and a hardening agent are mixed.
  • the main agent and the hardening agent may be stored in separate microcapsules M. Two chambers may be provided in one microcapsule M to store the main agent and the hardening agent separately in the chambers.
  • MEC thread lock manufactured by ThreeBond Co., Ltd.
  • the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through hole H of the FRP member 1 .
  • microcapsules M applied to at least one of the outer circumferential surface 23 and the inner circumferential surface 12 are broken by the pressing force to discharge the adhesive encapsulated inside the microcapsules M.
  • the microcapsules M applied to the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 are broken by the press force to discharge the adhesive encapsulated inside the microcapsules M. Thereafter, the discharged adhesive is hardened.
  • the microcapsules M are applied to at least one of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 in advance. Therefore, the application of the adhesive in the assembly process can be omitted and productively is improved. Since the microcapsules M discharge the adhesive with the action of the pressing force, the adhesive can be more surely spread to a point where the pressing force acts. Therefore, it is possible to improve bonding strength of the outer collar member 10 and the inner collar member 20 . It is possible to improve strength and rigidity of the metal collar 2 against tightening torque input from the fastening tool F.
  • the adhesive can also be more surely spread to a point where the press force acts. Therefore, it is possible to improve bonding strength of the FRP member 1 and the outer collar member 10 . It is possible to further improve the strength and the rigidity of the metal collar 2 against the tightening torque input from the fastening tool F.
  • the adhesive may be a foamable adhesive including a foaming agent.
  • a foaming agent a publicly-known foaming agent such as water or a hydrocarbon-based foaming agent can be used.
  • the foamable adhesive foams when being discharged from the microcapsules M and spreads to a wider range than a spreading range of a non-foamable adhesive. Therefore, a gap between the outer collar member 10 and the inner collar member 20 , a gap between the outer collar member 10 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, and a gap between a rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 and a surface 1 a on the upper side of the FRP member 1 are filled with the adhesive at a higher filling rate. Consequently, it is possible to exert high waterproofness against intrusion of water and the like into the gaps.
  • fastening part structures according to the second to fifteenth embodiments include the same configuration as the configuration in the first embodiment. That is, in the second to fifteenth embodiments as well, at least a part of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 comes into contact with at least a part of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and applies a pressing force outward in the radial direction to at least a part of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 . The inner collar member 20 is held in the outer collar member 10 by the reaction of the pressing force received from the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the slit 13 is formed in a part in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 11 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is configured to be deformable in the radial direction of the through-hole H.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 attached in the through-hole H is in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through-hole H. Therefore, in the fastening part structures according to the second to fifteenth embodiments, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent damage to the reinforced fiber in the hole peripheral part, which may occur in the process of attaching the metal collar 2 , while suppressing influence due to creep deformation of the adhesive.
  • the microcapsules M are applied to at least one of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 in advance. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to improve productivity in the assembly process for the metal collar. It is possible to improve the strength and the rigidity of the metal collar 2 against the tightening torque input from the fastening tool F.
  • a self-tapping screw 23 a is formed on the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 .
  • the self-tapping screw 23 a has an outer diameter larger than a value obtained by subtracting a double of the radial direction thickness of the outer collar member 10 from the inner diameter of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the self-tapping screw 23 a is screwed into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • a screw thread of the self-tapping screw 23 a bites in the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • a pressing force outward in the radial direction is applied to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 from the screw thread.
  • the outer collar member 10 is deformed in the diameter expanding direction and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by the pressing force.
  • the inner collar member 20 receives reaction of the pressing force from the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and is held in the outer collar member 10 by the reaction.
  • the radial direction thickness of the outer collar member 10 is an average of the radial direction thicknesses of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the radial direction thickness of the outer collar member 10 can be calculated as an average of radial direction thicknesses measured in a plurality of positions at an equal interval in the circumferential direction.
  • the screw thread of the self-tapping screw 23 a is caused to bite into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and a pressing force is applied outward in the radial direction to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 from the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 .
  • Explanation of the other processes is omitted because the other processes are the same as the processes of the method of attaching the metal collar 2 according to the first embodiment.
  • the whirl-stop of the outer collar member 10 can be realized by, for example, providing a protrusion on a surface in contact with the outer collar member 10 of a jig that supports the FRP member 1 and the outer collar member 10 from the lower side in the screwing process and inserting the protrusion into the lower end portion of the slit 13 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • a washer may be fixed in the peripheral part of the through-hole H of the surface 1 b on the lower side of the FRP member 1 .
  • the protrusion may be provided in the washer.
  • the self-tapping screw 23 a is formed on the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 , it is possible to apply the pressing force to the inner circumferential surface 12 by screwing the self-tapping screw 23 a into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 . Since a gap is formed between the screw thread and the inner circumferential surface 12 , it is possible to prevent the adhesive applied to the inner circumferential surface 12 or the outer circumferential surface 23 from being completely scraped off when the inner collar member 20 is fitted into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the self-tapping screw 23 a is formed on the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 .
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 may be formed as a cylindrical surface.
  • a female thread, a male thread corresponding to which can be cut on the cylindrical surface, may be provided on the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 are formed in rounded regular triangular shape substantially similar to each other. According to a shape difference between the inner circumferential surface 12 and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 , the radial direction thickness of the outer collar member 10 changes in the circumferential direction and takes a maximum value and a minimum value in a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction.
  • a rounded regular n-polygonal shape (n is an integer equal to or larger than 3) in this specification is formed from a curved line bending such that the entire circumference of the curved line is convex to the radial direction outer side.
  • a curvature radius of portions corresponding to corners of the regular n-polygonal shape is smaller than a curvature radius of portions corresponding to sides of the regular n-polygonal shape.
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 includes convex surfaces 25 in positions corresponding to the corners of the regular triangular shape.
  • a sum of a distance L 1 (see FIG. 3H ) from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 to a most distant point of the convex surface 25 and a maximum value of an average thickness T in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 is larger than the radius of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the average thickness T in the radial direction is a value obtained by dividing, by three, which is the number of the corners of the regular triangular shape, a sum of radial direction thicknesses (for example, t 1 , t 2 , and t 3 in FIG. 3H ) of the outer collar member 10 in three positions separated from one another by 120° in the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 is fitted into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner collar member 20 is rotated around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the convex surfaces 25 are in contact with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the convex surfaces 25 apply a pressing force outward in the radial direction to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is deformed in the diameter expanding direction and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by the pressing force.
  • the inner collar member 20 receives reaction of the pressing force from the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and is held in the outer collar member 10 by the reaction.
  • a smaller angle ⁇ a of angles formed by a tangential line Y 1 at a contact CP 1 of the convex surface 25 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and a straight line X 2 perpendicular to a straight line X 1 which passes the contact CP 1 and connects the contact CP 1 and the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 satisfies the following expression:
  • ⁇ is a coefficient of static friction between the convex surface 25 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner collar member 20 includes a claw section 26 .
  • the claw section 26 projects outward in the radial direction from the lower end portion (an end portion on the opposite side of an end portion where the flange section 22 is provided) of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 .
  • the claw section 26 is in contact with the side surface 15 on the lower side of the outer collar member 10 and holds the outer collar member 10 in an axial direction position between the claw section 26 and the flange section 22 .
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 When the outer collar member 10 is in the natural state, the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 has an outer diameter larger than a maximum value of the tolerance of the inner diameter of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer collar member 10 is configured to be elastically deformable for diameter reduction until the outer diameter of the outer circumferential surface 11 becomes smaller than a minimum value of the tolerance of the inner diameter of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs while being held by the claw section 26 by being applied with an external force inward in the radial direction.
  • An opening of the insertion hole 24 formed on the surface 22 a of the flange section 22 is formed in a hexagonal shape.
  • the inner collar member 20 can be rotated around the hold axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 using a hexagonal wrench.
  • a mechanism for enabling the rotation of the inner collar member 20 is not limited to the mechanism shown in the figures.
  • the shape of the outer circumferential edge portion of the flange section 22 may be set to a polygonal shape that can be rotated by a wrench or the like.
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 are respectively formed in the rounded regular triangular shapes.
  • the sum of the distance L 1 from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 to the most distant point of the convex surface 25 corresponding to the corner of the regular triangular shape on the outer circumferential surface 23 and the maximum value of the average thickness T in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 is larger than the radius of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the claw section 26 holds the outer collar member 10 between the claw section 26 and the flange section 22 . Therefore, the outer collar member 10 and the inner collar member 20 can be integrally handled. It is easy to handle the metal collar 2 in the assembly process and the like. Since the claw section 26 holds the outer collar member 10 , it is possible to improve the strength and the rigidity of the metal collar 2 against a load for pulling out the inner collar member 20 to the flange section 22 side with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • ⁇ is a coefficient of static friction between the convex surface 25 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the shapes of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H are noncircular shapes (for example, elliptical shapes or rounded polygonal shapes) substantially similar to each other, the same configuration as the configuration in this embodiment can be adopted.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 when the outer collar member 10 is in the natural state, the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 has a radial direction dimension larger than a maximum value of a tolerance of a radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 When the outer collar member 10 is applied with the external force in the radial direction inner side direction and is elastically deformed for diameter reduction, the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 has a radial direction dimension smaller than a minimum value of the tolerance of the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • shapes of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H may be rounded regular polygonal shapes (regular quadrangular shapes, regular pentagonal shapes, or the like other than the regular triangular shape) substantially similar to each other.
  • the sum of a distance from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 to a most distant point of the convex surface 25 corresponding to a corner of the regular polygona shape on the outer circumferential surface 23 and the maximum value of the average thickness T in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 only has to be set larger than a maximum value of a radial direction distance from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the average thickness T in the radial direction is a value obtained by dividing, by n (n is the number of corners of the regular polygonal shape), a sum of thicknesses in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 in n positions separated from one another by 360°/n in the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • n is the number of corners of the regular polygonal shape
  • the number of corners of which is an odd number
  • vectors of reaction of a pressing force cross one another (not opposed to one another). Therefore, when the inner collar member 20 is rotated around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 , it is possible to automatically align the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 inside the outer collar member 10 .
  • Vectors of a pressing force transmitted from the inner collar member 20 to the outer collar member 10 are not opposed on the same axis.
  • a press force to the hole inner circumferential surface Hs does not excessively concentrate.
  • a foamable adhesive is suitable.
  • the foamable adhesive foams when being discharged from the microcapsules M and spreads to a wider range than a non-foamable adhesive. Therefore, the gap between the outer collar member 10 and the inner collar member 20 , the gap between the outer collar member 10 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, and the gap between the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 and the surface 1 a on the upper side of the FRP member 1 are filled by the adhesive at a higher filling rate. Consequently, it is possible to exert high waterproofness against intrusion of water and the like into the gaps.
  • the relative movement or the relative rotation between the inner collar member 20 and the outer collar member 10 and the relative movement or the relative rotation between the FRP member 1 and the outer collar member 10 are more firmly restrained. Therefore, it is possible to improve strength and rigidity of the metal collar 2 and the fastening part.
  • the foamable adhesive is also suitable in the fourth to fifteenth embodiments explained below.
  • microcapsules M containing the adhesive for bonding and fixing the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 may be applied only on the convex surface 25 of the main body section 21 or in a part with which the convex surface 25 is in contact on the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner collar member 20 is rotated to a circumferential direction one side (clockwise in FIG. 3H ; a Z 1 direction) around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the convex surface 25 is brought into contact with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • a pressing force is applied outward in the radial direction to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 from the convex surface 25 .
  • Explanation of the other processes is omitted because the other processes are the same as the method of attaching the metal collar 2 according to the embodiment.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 can be pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by a restoration force of the outer collar member 10 and the outer collar member 10 can be provisionally fixed to the FRP member 1 . Therefore, when the inner collar member 20 is rotated around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 , rotation (a slip) of the outer collar member 10 with respect to the FRP member 1 can be prevented by a frictional force acting between the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the radial direction dimension of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 at the time when the outer collar member 10 is in the natural state is larger than the maximum value of the tolerance of the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs. Therefore, it is possible to increase the frictional force and more surely prevent the rotation of the outer collar member 10 with respect to the FRP member 1 .
  • surface roughness of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 may be increased or knurling may be applied to the outer circumferential surface 11 .
  • swirl-stop may be applied to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the whirl-stop of the outer collar member 10 can be realized by, for example, providing a protrusion on a surface, which is in contact with the outer collar member 10 , of a jig that supports the FRP member 1 and the outer collar member 10 from the lower side and inserting the protrusion into the lower end portion of the slit 13 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • a washer may be fixed in the peripheral part of the through-hole H of the surface 1 b on the lower side of the FRP member 1 .
  • the protrusion may be provided in the washer.
  • a taper for reducing the radial direction dimension of the outer circumferential surface 11 toward the flange section 22 is provided in in the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • a radial direction dimension at the lower end portion (an end portion most away from the flange section 22 ) of the taper is larger than the maximum value of the tolerance of the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • an angle ⁇ e of the taper is approximately 1° with respect to the center axis X 9 .
  • the taper for reducing the radial direction dimension of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 toward the flange section 22 is provided in the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B , when the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, it is possible to prevent the adhesive applied to the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 from being scraped off by the FRP member 1 .
  • a force received from the hole inner circumferential surface Hs when the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs has a component in a downward direction (the claw section 26 side direction) as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 4C .
  • the downward force is transmitted to the flange section 22 via the claw section 26 . Therefore, the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 is pressed against the surface 1 a on the upper side (the flange section 22 side) of the FRP member 1 .
  • the metal collar 2 is prevented from slipping off from the through-hole H to the upper side by the downward force.
  • tapers for reducing the radial direction dimensions of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 toward the flange section 22 are provided in the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • an angle ⁇ f of the tapers is, for example, approximately 1° with respect to the center axis X 10 .
  • the microcapsules M containing the adhesive are applied to at least one of the side surface (the rear surface) 22 b on the lower side (the outer collar member 10 side) of the flange section 22 and the side surface 14 on the upper side (the flange section 22 side) of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the tapers for reducing the radial direction dimensions of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 toward the flange section 22 are provided in the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 . Therefore, reaction of the pressing force that the inner collar member 20 receives from the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 has a component in the downward direction (the distal end portion side direction of the inner collar member 20 or the opposite side direction of the side where the flange section 22 is provided) as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 5B .
  • the side surface 14 on the upper side of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 by the downward force. Therefore, the microcapsules M applied to the side surface 14 on the upper side of the outer collar member 10 and the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 can be more surely broken. It is possible to secure pressure necessary for hardening of the adhesive in the part.
  • the adhesive discharged from the microcapsules M applied to the side surface 14 on the upper surface of the outer collar member 10 or the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 spreads to the gap between the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 and the surface 1 a on the upper side of the FRP member 1 as well. Therefore, it is possible to further improve bonding strength of the outer collar member 10 and the inner collar member 20 . It is possible to improve waterproofness against intrusion of water and the like from the gap.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is divided into a first semi-cylindrical surface 11 A located on a circumferential direction one side (the clockwise side in FIG. 6A ; the Z 1 direction) of the slit 13 of the outer circumferential surface 11 and a second semi-cylindrical surface 11 B located on a circumferential direction other side (the counterclockwise side in FIG. 6A ; a Z 2 direction) of the slit of the outer circumferential surface 11 .
  • a curvature radius r 1 of the first semi-cylindrical surface 11 A is smaller than the minimum value of the tolerance of the radius of the through-hole H.
  • a curvature radius r 2 of the second semi-cylindrical surface 11 B is larger than the maximum value of the tolerance of the radius of the through-hole H.
  • the outer collar member 10 includes a pair of slit circumferential edge portions 10 s that define the slit 13 .
  • a protrusion 16 projecting toward the upper side is provided at the end portion on the upper side (the flange section 22 side) in the slid circumferential edge portion 10 s on the circumferential direction one side (in the Z 1 direction) of the pair of slit circumferential edge portions 10 s.
  • a guide groove 27 having a substantially arcuate shape in plan view is provided on the side surface 22 b on the lower side (the outer collar member 10 side) of the flange section 22 .
  • the guide groove 27 houses the protrusion 16 to be relatively movable around the hole axis.
  • the guide groove 27 engages with the protrusion 16 and hinders the rotation of the inner collar member 20 around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the guide groove 27 allows movement of the protrusion 16 in the guide groove 27 and allows rotation of the inner collar member 20 around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner collar member 20 desirably has length for allowing the inner collar member 20 to rotate by 180°/n in the circumferential one direction (clockwise in FIG. 6C ; the Z 1 direction) with respect to the outer collar member 10 from a position shown in FIG. 6C .
  • the outer collar member 10 when the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, while an end portion 10 a adjacent to the circumferential direction one side of the slit 13 is towed in the direction of an end portion 10 b located on the circumferential direction other side of the slit 13 (in a direction in which the width of the slit 13 decreases), the outer collar member 10 is rotated around the hole axis. Specifically, in a state where the protrusion 16 is engaged in the end portion on the circumferential direction one side (the Z 1 direction) of the guide groove 27 , the inner collar member 20 is sent in the hole axis direction while being rotated to the circumferential direction other side (counterclockwise in FIG.
  • the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is divided into the first semi-cylindrical surface 11 A located on the circumferential direction one side of the slit 13 of the outer circumferential surface 11 and the second semi-cylindrical surface 11 B located on the circumferential direction other side of the slit 13 of the outer circumferential surface 11 .
  • the curvature radius r 1 of the first semi-cylindrical surface 11 A is smaller than a minimum value of a tolerance of the radius of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • a curvature radius r 2 of the second semi-cylindrical surface 11 B is larger than a maximum value of the tolerance of the radius of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the second semi-cylindrical surface 11 B is drawn into the through-hole H while slightly decreasing in diameter along the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by, while causing the first semi-cylindrical surface 11 A to proceed into the inside of the through-hole H earlier than the second semi-cylindrical surface 11 B, rotating the outer collar member 10 around the hole axis in a direction in which the end portion 10 a of the outer collar member 10 precedes the end portion 10 b (the Z 2 direction). Therefore, the outer collar member 10 can be easily fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the guide groove 27 engages with the protrusion 16 and hinders the rotation of the inner collar member 20 with respect to the outer collar member 10 . Therefore, by rotating the inner collar member 20 around the hole axis in a state where the protrusion 16 is engaged with the end portion of the guide groove 27 , it is possible to rotate the outer collar member 10 around the hole axis while towing the end portion 10 a of the outer collar member 10 toward the end portion 10 b .
  • the guide groove 27 allows movement of the protrusion 16 in the guide groove 27 and allows rotation of the inner collar member 20 around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 . Therefore, after the fitting of the outer collar member 10 into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs is completed, by reversing the rotating direction of the inner collar member 20 , it is possible to bring the convex surface 25 into contact with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and apply a pressing force outward in the radial direction to the inner circumferential surface 12 .
  • the rigidity of a portion with which the convex surface 25 of the inner collar member 20 is in contact to apply a pressing force in the outer collar member 10 is set lower than the rigidity in the other portions in the outer collar member 10 as shown in FIG. 7A to FIG. 7C . More specifically, in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H, rigidity against a radial direction load (the pressing force) is lower in a thick wall section 10 A corresponding to a side of a regular triangular shape of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 than a thin wall section 10 B corresponding to a corner of the regular triangular shape.
  • pluralities of dented sections 14 A and 15 A having depths in the hole axis direction are respectively formed on the upper side surface 14 and the lower side surface 15 of the thick wall section 10 A.
  • Partition walls are provided among the dented sections 14 A and 15 A adjacent to one another in the axial direction.
  • dented sections may be provided on only one of the upper side surface 14 and the lower side surface 15 of the thick wall section 10 A.
  • the dented sections 14 A and 15 A may be holes piercing though the thick wall section 10 A in the axial direction. However, when high waterproofness is requested, it is more desirable to provide the partition walls.
  • the rigidity of the portion with which the convex surface 25 of the inner collar member 20 is in contact to apply a pressing force in the outer collar member 10 is set lower than the rigidity in the other portions. Therefore, even if the FRP member 1 is thinned by a change with time and the position of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs retracts further to the radial direction outer side than the initial position, the low-rigidity portion of the outer collar member 10 is elastically restored. Therefore, it is possible to absorb the deformation of the FRP member 1 more than when the low-rigidity portion is not provided. Consequently, it is possible to prevent slack of the metal collar 2 .
  • the dented sections 14 A and 15 A having the depths in the hole axis direction are formed in the portion of the outer collar member 10 , with which the convex surface 25 of the inner collar member 20 is in contact to apply a pressing force. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 7D , an intermediate region MR including the dented sections 14 A and 15 A and an inner region IR and an outer region OR located across the intermediate region MR in the radial direction and not including the dented sections 14 A and 15 A are formed in the portion. If the three regions are represented as three springs connected in series in the radial direction as shown in FIG.
  • a spring constant k 2 of the intermediate region MR is smaller than a spring constant k 1 of the inner region IR and a spring constant k 3 of the outer region OR because the dented sections 14 A and 15 A are formed in the intermediate region MR.
  • a combined spring constant of the three springs is also smaller than a combined spring constant obtained when the dented sections 14 A and 15 A are not formed. Therefore, according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7E , since mainly the intermediate region MR is elastically restored, it is possible to absorb deformation ⁇ 1 of the FRP member 1 more than when the dented sections 14 A and 15 A are not provided.
  • the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 are respectively formed in elliptical shapes.
  • the shape of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the shape of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 are substantially similar.
  • a distance L 2 from the center of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 to the major axis end of the elliptical shape on the outer circumferential surface 11 is larger than a distance L 3 from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to a minor axis end of the elliptical shape on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 are respectively formed in rounded regular triangular shapes.
  • the shape of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 and the shape of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 are substantially similar.
  • a sum of the distance L 1 from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 to the most distant point on the convex surface 25 corresponding to the corner of the regular triangular shape on the outer circumferential surface 23 and the maximum value of the average thickness T in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 is larger than a distance L 4 from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to the major axis end of the elliptical shape on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the average thickness T in the radial direction is a value obtained by dividing, by three, which is the number of the corners of the regular triangular shape, a sum of radial direction thicknesses (for example, t 4 , t 5 , and t 6 in FIG. 8A ) of the outer collar member 10 in three positions separated from one another by 120° in the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 is fitted into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner collar member 20 is rotated around the hole axis with respect to the FRP member 1 and the outer collar member 10 .
  • the convex surfaces of the outer collar member 10 are in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the convex surfaces 25 of the inner collar member 20 are in contact with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the convex surfaces 25 apply a pressing force outward in the radial direction to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is deformed in the diameter expanding direction and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by the pressing force.
  • the inner collar member 20 receives reaction of the pressing force from the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 and is held in the outer collar member 10 by the reaction.
  • the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 are respectively formed in the elliptical shapes.
  • the distance L 2 from the center of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 to the most distant point of the convex surface corresponding to the major axis end portion of the elliptical shape on the outer circumferential surface 11 is larger than the distance L 3 from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to the minor axis end of the elliptical shape on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 are respectively formed in rounded regular triangular shapes.
  • the sum of the distance L 1 from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 to the most distant point on the convex surface 25 corresponding to the corner of the regular triangular shape on the outer circumferential surface 23 and the maximum value of the average thickness T in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 is larger than the distance L 4 from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to the major axis end of the elliptical shape on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the convex surfaces of the outer collar member 10 are in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer collar member 10 is restrained to be un-rotatable in the through-hole H. Therefore, strength against tightening torque input from the fastening tool F is increased. Therefore, even when excessively large tightening torque is input from the tightening tool F, it is possible to prevent the metal collar 2 from rotating with respect to the FRP member 1 .
  • the inner collar member 20 is rotated to the circumferential direction one side (clockwise in FIG. 8A ; the Z 1 direction) around the hole axis with respect to the FRP member 1 to rotate the outer collar member 10 around the hole axis with respect to the FRP member 1 .
  • the convex surfaces of the outer collar member 10 are brought into contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the inner collar member 20 is further rotated in the circumferential direction one side (clockwise in FIG. 8A ; the Z 1 direction) around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the convex surfaces 25 of the inner collar member 20 are brought into contact with the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 to apply a pressing force to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 from the convex surfaces 25 .
  • Explanation of the other processes is omitted because the other processes are the same as the processes of the method of attaching the metal collar 2 according to the third embodiment.
  • the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H are not limited to the elliptical shapes and may be formed in rounded regular polygonal shapes substantially similar to each other.
  • the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H may be formed in rounded regular polygonal shapes (regular quadrangular shapes, regular pentagonal shapes, or the like other than the regular triangular shapes) substantially similar to each other.
  • a distance from the center of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 to a most distant point of the convex surface corresponding to a corner of the regular polygonal shape of the outer circumferential surface 11 only has to be formed larger than a minimum value of the radial direction distance from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to the hole inner circumferential surface Hs (a distance from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to a nearest point of a surface of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs corresponding to a side of the regular polygonal shape).
  • a sum of a distance from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 to a most distant point of the convex surface 25 corresponding to the corner of the regular polygonal shape of the outer circumferential surface 23 and the maximum value of the average thickness T in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 only has to be formed larger than a maximum value of the radial direction distance from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to the hole inner circumferential surface Hs (a distance from the center of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to a most distant point of a concave surface of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs corresponding to the corner of the regular polygonal shape).
  • the average thickness T in the radial direction is a value obtained by dividing, by n (n is the number of corners of the regular polygonal shape), a sum of thicknesses in the radial direction of the outer collar member 10 in n positions separated from one another by 360°/n in the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • n is the number of corners of the regular polygonal shape
  • tapers extending upward (the surface 22 a side of the flange section 22 ) while extending inward in the radial direction are provided in the side surface (the rear surface) 22 b on the lower side (the outer collar member 10 side) of the flange section 22 of the inner collar member 20 and the side surface 14 on the upper side (the flange section 22 side) of the outer collar member 10 .
  • an angle ⁇ g of the tapers is, for example, approximately 5° with respect to a line X 13 orthogonal to the center axis X 12 .
  • tapers located closer to the surface 22 a of the flange section 22 inward in the radial direction are provided in the side surface 14 on the flange section 22 side of the outer collar member 10 and the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 in contact with the side surface 14 . Therefore, when an axial force of the fastening tool F is input to the side surface 14 of the outer collar member 10 from the rear surface 22 b of the flange section 22 via the flange section 22 , a force the radial direction outer side direction is less easily applied to the outer collar member 10 .
  • external teeth T 2 are formed side by side in the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface 23 of the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 .
  • Inner cam surfaces C 2 are respectively provided on radial direction outer side surfaces of the external teeth T 2 .
  • Internal teeth T 1 are formed side by side in the circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • Outer cam surfaces C 1 are respectively provided on radial direction inner side surfaces of the internal teeth T 1 .
  • Outer cam surfaces C 1 are respectively opposed to inner cam surfaces C 2 in the radial direction.
  • the inner cam surfaces C 2 and the outer cam surfaces C 1 are respectively inclined such that the circumferential direction one side is located inside, in the radial direction, the circumferential direction other side in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H. As shown in FIG. 10B and FIG.
  • a sum of a maximum value RD 1 of a radial direction distance from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 to the inner cam surfaces C 2 and a maximum value RD 2 of a radial direction distance from the outer cam surfaces C 1 to the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is larger than the radius of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the main body section 21 of the inner collar member 20 is fitted into the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner collar member 20 is rotated to the circumferential direction one side (clockwise in FIG. 10B ; the Z 1 direction) around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner cam surfaces C 2 of the inner collar member 20 are in contact with the outer cam surfaces C 1 to apply a pressing force outward in the radial direction to the outer cam surfaces C 1 .
  • the outer collar member 10 is deformed in the diameter expanding direction and the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the inner collar member 20 receives reaction of the pressing force from the outer cam surfaces C 1 .
  • the inner collar member 20 is held in the outer collar member 10 by the reaction.
  • a smaller angle ⁇ b of angles formed by a tangential line Y 2 at a contact CP 2 of the inner cam surface C 2 and the outer cam surface C 1 , and a straight line X 4 perpendicular to a straight line X 3 which passes the contact CP 2 and connects the contact CP 2 and the center of the inner collar member 20 satisfies the following expression:
  • ⁇ is a coefficient of static friction between the inner cam surface C 2 and the outer cam surface C 1 .
  • the inner cam surfaces C 2 are formed side by side in the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 .
  • the outer cam surfaces C 1 respectively opposed to the inner cam surfaces C 2 in the radial direction are formed side by side in the circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner cam surfaces C 2 and the outer cam surfaces C 1 are each inclined such that the circumferential direction one side is located inside, in the radial direction, the circumferential direction other side.
  • the sum of the maximum value RD 1 of the radial direction distance from the center of the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 to the inner cam surfaces C 2 and the maximum value RD 2 of the radial direction distance from the outer cam surfaces C 1 to the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 is larger than the radius of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs. Therefore, in a state where the outer collar member 10 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, by rotating the inner collar member 20 to the circumferential direction one side (clockwise in FIG.
  • ⁇ is a coefficient of static friction between the inner cam surface C 2 and the outer cam surface C 1 .
  • attaching methods for a metal collar according to the eleventh to fifteenth embodiments explained below are the same as the method of attaching the metal collar according to the tenth embodiment. Therefore, explanation of the method of attaching the metal collar is omitted concerning the eleventh to fifteenth embodiments.
  • end portions T 2 a on the radial direction outer side of the external teeth T 2 are formed at an acute angle in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H.
  • An angle ⁇ of the end portions T 2 a satisfies a relation of the following expression with the angle ⁇ b described above.
  • the rigidity of the end portions T 2 a on the radial direction outer side of the external teeth T 2 is lower than when the angle ⁇ is in a relation of ⁇ 90° ⁇ b. Therefore, even if the FRP member 1 is thinned by a change with time and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs retracts further to the radial direction outer side than the initial position, the end portions T 2 a are elastically restored. Therefore, it is possible to absorb the deformation of the FRP member 1 more (more than when the angle ⁇ is in the relation of ⁇ 90° ⁇ b). Consequently, it is possible to prevent slack of the metal collar 2 .
  • end portions T 1 a on the radial direction inner side of the internal teeth T 1 may for formed at an acute angle in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H.
  • An angle ⁇ of the end portions T 1 a may be formed to satisfy a relation of the following expression with the angle ⁇ b.
  • protrusions 28 projecting outward in the radial direction are formed at the end portions on the circumferential direction other side of the inner cam surfaces C 2 .
  • dented sections 17 are formed on the outer cam surfaces C 1 . The dented sections 17 engage with the protrusions 28 when the inner cam surfaces C 2 are present in predetermined circumferential direction positions with respect to the outer cam surfaces C 1 and limit rotation of the inner collar member 20 to the circumferential direction one side with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the inner cam surfaces C 2 are prevented from rotating to the circumferential direction one side from the predetermined circumferential direction positions with respect to the outer cam surfaces C 1 . Therefore, even when excessively large rotation torque (equal to or larger than predetermined torque) is input when the inner collar member 20 is rotated around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 , a pressing force outward in the radial direction applied from the inner cam surfaces C 2 to the outer cam surfaces C 1 and a press force of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs can be reduced to a fixed upper limit value or less. Consequently, it is possible to prevent an excessive force from being input to the hole peripheral part of the FRP member 1 from the metal collar 2 .
  • the predetermined circumferential direction position can be obtained by a calculation or an experiment in advance such that the press force of the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs is kept within a range of an allowable surface pressure of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • protrusions projecting inward in the radial direction may be formed at the end portions on the circumferential direction one side of the outer cam surfaces C 1 .
  • dented sections that engage with the protrusions when the inner cam surfaces C 2 are present in the predetermined circumferential direction positions with respect to the outer cam surfaces C 1 and limit rotation of the inner collar member 20 to the circumferential direction one side with respect to the outer collar member 10 are formed on the inner cam surfaces C 2 .
  • the same effects as the effects explained above can be obtained.
  • the end portions T 2 a on the radial direction outer side of the external teeth T 2 are formed at an acute angle in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H.
  • the outer cam surfaces C 1 are divided into first cam surfaces C 11 and second cam surfaces C 12 .
  • the second cam surfaces C 12 bend from the end portions on the circumferential direction one side of the first cam surfaces C 11 and extend to the circumferential direction one side.
  • an angle ⁇ 1 is larger than an angle ⁇ 2 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 is a smaller angle of angles formed by a normal N 1 of the first cam surface C 11 at a point on the first cam surface C 11 and a straight line X 5 connecting the point on the first cam surface C 11 and the center of the inner collar member 20 .
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is a smaller angle of angles formed by a normal N 2 of the second cam surface C 12 at a point on the second cam surface C 12 and a straight line X 6 connecting the point on the second cam surface C 12 and the center of the inner collar member 20 .
  • an increase rate per unit rotation angle of rotation torque necessary for rotating the inner collar member 20 to the circumferential direction one side discontinuously decreases. Therefore, an operator or a machine for metal collar attachment (hereinafter, operator or the like) can sense or detect that the end portions T 2 a of the external teeth T 2 pass the boundaries between the first cam surfaces C 11 and the second cam surfaces C 12 (change from a state shown in FIG. 13B to a state shown in FIG. 13C ).
  • a relation between the internal teeth T 1 and the external teeth T 2 may be a relation opposite to the relation explained above.
  • the end portions Tla (see FIG. 11 ) on the radial direction inner side of the internal teeth T 1 may be formed at an acute angle in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H.
  • the inner cam surfaces C 2 may be divided into third cam surfaces and fourth cam surfaces that bend from the end portions on the circumferential direction other side of the third cam surfaces and extend to the circumferential direction other side.
  • a smaller angle ⁇ 3 of angles formed by the normal to the third cam surface at a point on the third cam surface and a straight line connecting the point on the third cam surface and the center of the inner collar member 20 may be set larger than a smaller angle ⁇ 4 of angles formed by the normal to the fourth cam surface at a point on the fourth cam surface and a straight line connecting the point on the fourth cam surface and the center of the inner collar member 20 .
  • a smaller angle ⁇ 4 of angles formed by the normal to the fourth cam surface at a point on the fourth cam surface and a straight line connecting the point on the fourth cam surface and the center of the inner collar member 20 In this case, the same effects as the effects explained above can be obtained.
  • the operator or the like can sense or detect that the end portions T 2 a of the external teeth T 2 pass the boundaries (in the modification, the end portions T 1 a on the radial direction inner side of the internal teeth T 1 pass the boundaries). Therefore, by setting the end portions T 2 a of the external teeth T 2 (in the modification, the end portions T 1 a of the internal teeth T 1 ) to pass the boundaries at a point in time when a press force applied to the hole inner circumferential surface Hs from the outer circumferential surface 11 of the outer collar member 10 reaches an appropriate value, the operator or the like can sense or detect that the press force reaches the appropriate value.
  • dented sections 18 are formed on the second cam surfaces C 12 in the thirteenth embodiment.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is 0° or more and 1° or less.
  • the dented sections 18 with which the end portions T 2 a in the radial direction outer side of the external teeth T 2 , are formed on the second cam surface C 12 .
  • rotation torque necessary for rotating the inner collar member 20 with respect to the outer collar member 10 decreases at an instance when the end portions T 2 a enter the insides of the dented sections 18 .
  • the rotation torque suddenly increases. Therefore, the operator or the like can sense or detect that the end portions T 2 a of the external teeth T 2 engage with the dented sections 18 (can obtain a sense of click). By stopping the rotation of the inner collar member 20 at this point in time, it is possible to prevent excessive rotation of the inner collar member 20 .
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is 0° or more and 1° or less.
  • rotation torque necessary for rotating the inner collar member 20 to the circumferential direction one side around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 hardly increases after the end portions T 2 a of the external teeth T 2 pass the boundaries between the first cam surfaces C 11 and the second cam surfaces C 12 . Therefore, even if the end portions T 2 a climb over the dented sections 18 and the rotation of the inner collar member 20 to the circumferential direction one side is continued, it is possible to prevent an excessive force from being input to the hole peripheral part of the FRP member 1 from the metal collar 2 .
  • the operator or the like can sense or detect that the end portions T 2 a of the external teeth T 2 engage with the dented sections 18 (can obtain a sense of click). By stopping the rotation of the inner collar member 20 at this point in time, it is possible to prevent excessive rotation of the inner collar member 20 .
  • a relation between the internal teeth T 1 and the external teeth T 2 may be a relation opposite to the relation explained above.
  • dented sections, with which the end portions T 1 a on the radial direction inner side of the internal teeth T 1 engage, may be formed on the fourth cam surfaces according to the modification of the thirteenth embodiment.
  • the angle ⁇ 4 may be set to 0° or more and 1° or less.
  • the attaching member for the metal collar 2 according to this modification is the same as the attaching method according to the fourteenth embodiment except that the inner collar member 20 is rotated until the end portions T 1 a of the internal teeth T 1 engage with the dented sections when the inner collar member 20 is rotated around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the size of a minimum gap ⁇ formed between the inner cam surface C 2 and the outer cam surface C 1 opposed to each other in the radial direction satisfies the following expression.
  • Avg. ⁇ is an average of minimum gaps ⁇
  • R is a radial direction distance from the circumferential direction other side end portion of the inner cam surface C 2 to the center of the inner collar member 20 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H
  • ⁇ c is a smaller angle of angles formed by a normal N 3 of the inner cam surface C 2 at a point on the inner cam surface C 2 and a straight line X 7 connecting the point on the inner cam surface C 2 and the center of the inner collar member 20 .
  • the minimum gap ⁇ is a gap of a narrowest region among gaps formed between a pair of the inner cam surface C 2 and the outer cam surface C 1 opposed in the radial direction.
  • the average of minimum gaps ⁇ is an average of the minimum gaps ⁇ formed on all the inner cam surfaces C 2 .
  • the average of minimum gaps ⁇ can be calculated as an average of the minimum gaps ⁇ measured on several inner cam surfaces C 2 among the inner cam surfaces C 2 equally disposed in the circumferential direction.
  • a gap having at least the size of the minimum gap ⁇ is formed between the inner cam surface C 2 and the outer cam surface C 1 . Therefore, when the inner collar member 20 is inserted into the outer collar member 10 , the outer collar member 10 can be easily inserted without deforming the outer collar member 10 for diameter expansion.
  • the inner cam surface C 2 can be brought into contact with the outer cam surface C 1 by rotating the inner collar member 20 by approximately 8° to 12° to the circumferential direction one side around the hole axis with respect to the outer collar member 10 .
  • the outer collar member 10 can be elastically deformed for diameter expansion by further rotating the inner collar member 20 by a slight angle. In this state, the outer collar member 10 can be held (provisionally fixed) on the outer circumferential surface 23 of the inner collar member 20 by a restoration force of the outer collar member 10 . Therefore, it is easy to handle the metal collar 2 during the assembly work.
  • a contact pressure between the outer cam surface C 1 and the inner cam surface C 2 at this point can be controlled to a necessary minimum. Therefore, even when the microcapsule M containing the adhesive is applied to the cam surfaces C 1 and C 2 , it is possible to prevent the microcapsule M from being broken in a process (conveyance of the metal collar 2 , insertion into the through-hole H, or the like) before the diameter expansion and deformation of the outer collar member 10 in the assembly process.
  • the rotating direction (the circumferential direction one side (the Z 1 direction)) of the inner collar member 20 in applying the pressing force outward in the radial direction to the outer cam surface C 1 from the inner cam surface C 2 in the tenth to fifteenth embodiments and the rotating direction (the circumferential direction one side (the Z 1 direction)) of the inner collar member 20 in applying the pressing force outward in the radial direction to the inner circumferential surface 12 of the outer collar member 10 from the convex surface 25 of the inner collar member 20 in the third to ninth embodiments are the same as the direction of the tightening torque input to the inner collar member 20 in fastening the fastening tool F.
  • a fastening part structure according to a sixteenth embodiment is explained with reference to FIG. 16A to FIG. 16E .
  • elements having the same functions as the elements already explained above are denoted by the same reference numerals and signs and explanation of the elements is omitted.
  • the metal collar 2 is attached in the through-hole H formed in the FRP member 1 .
  • the metal collar 2 includes a collar member 30 and a wedge member 40 as shown in FIG. 16C and FIG. 16D .
  • the collar member 30 is made of metal such as steel and includes a tubular main body section 31 and a tabular flange section 32 .
  • the flange section 32 extends outward in the radial direction from the upper end portion of the main body section 31 .
  • An outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 is in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through-hole H.
  • the insertion hole 24 for inserting the fastening tool F such as a bolt is opened on a side surface (a front surface) 32 a on the upper side of the flange section 32 .
  • a (rear surface) 32 b on the lower side (the FRP member 1 side) of the flange section 32 and a front surface 1 a on the upper side (the flange section 32 side) of the FRP member 1 are opposed to and in contact with each other in the axial direction of the through-hole H.
  • a slit 34 is formed in a part in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 .
  • the collar member 30 assumes a C shape in plan view and is elastically deformable in the radial direction (the diameter expanding and reducing direction) of the through-hole H.
  • the slit 34 communicates from the front surface 32 a , which is one end face, to the lower side surface, which is the other end face, in the axial direction of the collar member 30 .
  • the wedge member 40 is a columnar member made of metal such as steel and having the same degree of length as the axial direction length of the main body section 31 of the collar member 30 .
  • the wedge member 40 is driven into the slit 34 of the collar member 30 .
  • a side surface 41 (a pressing surface) of the wedge member 40 applies a pressing force to inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 in a direction in which the inner surfaces 34 a separate in the circumferential direction.
  • the collar member 30 is deformed in the diameter expanding direction and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by the pressing force.
  • the wedge member 40 receives reaction of the pressing force from the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 and is held in the collar member 30 by the reaction.
  • an angle ⁇ d formed by a surface region, with which the wedge member 40 is in contact, in the inner surface 34 a of the slit 34 and a straight line X 8 connecting a point on the surface region and the center of the collar member 30 satisfies the following expression:
  • ⁇ is a coefficient of static friction between the side surface 34 a of the slit 34 and the wedge member 40 .
  • the side surfaces 41 of the wedge member 40 and the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 are bonded by an adhesive.
  • the outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 of the collar member 30 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs are bonded by the adhesive.
  • the wedge member 40 applies a pressing force to the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 in the direction in which the inner surfaces 34 a separate from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the collar member 30 is deformed in the diameter expanding direction and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by the pressing force. Therefore, a layer thickness of the adhesive disposed in the gap between the outer circumferential surface 33 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs can be set smaller than when the pressing force does not act.
  • the wedge member 40 is held in the collar member 30 by reaction of the pressing force received from the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 .
  • the shape of the collar member 30 is restrained by the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the wedge member 40 . Therefore, a higher pressing force can be more stably obtained than when the pressing force is obtained only from the elastic force of the collar member 30 . Therefore, with the fastening part structure according to this embodiment, it is possible to suppress influence (for example, a change with time of the positional relation between the through-hole H and the metal collar 2 ) due to creep deformation of the adhesive.
  • the slit 34 is formed in a part in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 33 .
  • the collar member 30 is deformable in the radial direction of the through-hole H. Therefore, when the collar member 30 is attached in the through-hole H, the collar member 30 can be fitted while being deformed for diameter reduction. Consequently, it is possible to prevent a high frictional force from acting on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs from the collar member 30 .
  • the collar member 30 attached in the through-hole H is disposed such that the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 is in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the angle ⁇ d formed by the surface region, with which the wedge member 40 is in contact, in the inner surface 34 a of the slit 34 and the straight line X 8 connecting the point on the surface region and the center of the collar member 30 satisfies the following expression:
  • ⁇ is a coefficient of static friction between the side surface 34 a of the slit 34 and the wedge member 40 .
  • FIG. 16A , FIG. 16B , and FIG. 16E A method of attaching the metal collar 2 in this embodiment is explained with reference to FIG. 16A , FIG. 16B , and FIG. 16E .
  • the microcapsules M are applied to at least one of the side surface 41 of the wedge member 40 and the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 of the collar member 30 in advance and dried.
  • the microcapsules M are broken when the pressing force or a press force at the time when the outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs acts on the microcapsules M and discharges an adhesive encapsulated inside the microcapsules M.
  • the collar member 30 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through-hole H of the FRP member 1 .
  • the wedge member 40 is driven into the slit 34 using a driving jig as shown in FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B . Consequently, the side surfaces 41 (a pressing surface) of the wedge member 40 are brought into contact with the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 to apply, from the side surfaces 41 to the inner surfaces 34 a , a pressing force in a direction in which the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 separate from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the collar member 30 is deformed in the radial direction and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 is pressed against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by the pressing force.
  • the wedge member 40 is held in the collar member 30 by reaction of the pressing force.
  • microcapsules M applied to at least one of the side surface 41 and the inner surfaces 34 a are broken by the pressing force to discharge the adhesive encapsulated inside the microcapsules M.
  • the microcapsules M applied to the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 are broken by the pressing force to discharge the adhesive encapsulated inside the microcapsules M. Thereafter, the discharged adhesive is hardened.
  • the microcapsules M are applied to at least one of the side surface 41 of the wedge member 40 and the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 of the collar member 30 in advance. Therefore, it is possible to omit application of the adhesive in the assembly process and productivity is improved. Since the microcapsules M discharge the adhesive with the action of the pressing force, the adhesive can be more surely spread to a point where the pressing force acts. Therefore, it is possible to improve bonding strength of the wedge member 40 and the collar member 30 . It is possible to improve strength and rigidity of the metal collar 2 against tightening torque input from the fastening tool F.
  • the adhesive can also be more surely spread to a point where the press force acts. Therefore, it is possible to improve bonding strength of the FRP member 1 and the collar member 30 . It is possible to further improve the strength and the rigidity of the metal collar 2 against the tightening torque input from the fastening tool F.
  • a foamable adhesive is suitable.
  • the foamable adhesive foams when being discharged from the microcapsules M and spreads to a wider range than a spreading range of a non-foamable adhesive. Therefore, a gap of the slit 34 , a gap between the wedge member 40 and the collar member 30 , a gap between the collar member 30 and the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, and a gap between the rear surface of the flange section 32 and the surface 1 a on the upper side of the FRP member 1 are filled with the adhesive at a higher filling rate. Consequently, it is possible to exert high waterproofness against intrusion of water and the like into the gaps.
  • attaching methods for a metal collar in seventeenth, nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-second to twenty-fourth embodiments explained below are the same as the method of attaching the metal collar in the sixteenth embodiment. Therefore, explanation of the method of attaching the metal collar is omitted concerning the seventeenth, nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-second to twenty-fourth embodiments.
  • the fastening part structures according to the seventeenth to twenty-fourth embodiments include the same configuration as the configuration in the sixteenth embodiment. That is, in the seventeenth to twenty-fourth embodiments as well, the wedge member 40 applies a pressing force to the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 in a direction in which the inner surfaces 34 a separate from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the wedge member 40 is held in the collar member 30 by reaction of the pressing force received from the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 .
  • the slit 34 is formed in a part in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 33 .
  • the collar member 30 is configured to be deformable in the radial direction of the through-hole H.
  • the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 attached in the through-hole H is in contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through hole H. Therefore, in the fastening part structures according to the seventeenth to twenty-fourth embodiments, as in the sixteenth embodiment, it is possible to prevent damage to the reinforced fiber of the hole peripheral part, which may occur in the process of attaching the metal collar 2 , while suppressing influence due to creep deformation of the adhesive.
  • the microcapsules M are applied to at least one of the side surface 41 of the wedge member 40 and the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 of the collar member 30 in advance. Therefore, as in the sixteenth embodiment, it is possible to improve productivity in the assembly process for the metal collar. It is possible to improve the strength and the rigidity of the metal collar 2 against the tightening torque input from the fastening tool F. As in the sixteenth embodiment, a foamable adhesive is suitable as an adhesive in use.
  • the wedge member 40 includes a columnar wedge section 42 having a trapezoidal cross section and a tabular brim section 43 projecting from side surfaces of the wedge section 42 at an end portion of the wedge section 42 .
  • the wedge section 42 is driven into the slit 34 .
  • the brim section 43 extends along the flange section 32 of the collar member 30 and covers an end portion of the slit 34 opened in the flange section 32 .
  • the brim section 43 projecting from the side surfaces of the wedge section 42 extends along the flange section 32 . Therefore, movement in the axial direction of the through-hole H of the wedge member 40 with respect to the collar member 30 is hindered by interference between the brim section 43 and the flange section 32 . Consequently, it is possible to prevent the wedge-member 40 from coming off.
  • the brim section 43 covers the end portion of the slit 34 opened in the flange section 32 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent intrusion of foreign matters into the silt 34 .
  • the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 in a state where the collar member 30 is deformed for diameter reduction such that the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 come into contact with each other, the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 has a radial direction dimension OD smaller than a minimum value dmin of a tolerance of a radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 has the radial direction dimension OD larger than a maximum value of the tolerance of the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the radial direction dimension OD of the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 can be set smaller than the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by applying an external force to the collar member 30 and deforming the collar member 30 for diameter reduction. Consequently, when the collar member 30 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, it is possible to more surely prevent a high frictional force from acting on the hole inner circumferential surface Hs from the collar member 30 .
  • the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 can be brought into contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs by, after fitting the collar member 30 into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs, removing the external force applied to the collar member 30 and elastically restoring the collar member 30 in the diameter expanding direction inside the through-hole H. Consequently, before driving the wedge member 40 into the slit 34 , it is possible to press the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs with a restoration force of the collar member 30 and provisionally fix the collar member 30 to the FRP member 1 .
  • the collar member 30 when the collar member 30 is fitted into the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through-hole H of the FRP member 1 , the collar member 30 is fitted in a state where an external force is applied to the collar member 30 to deform the collar member 30 for diameter reduction and set the radial direction dimension OD of the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 smaller than the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the wedge member 40 is driven into the slit 34 .
  • the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 are brought into contact with the side surfaces 41 (the pressing surfaces) of the wedge member 40 to apply, from the side surfaces 41 to the inner surfaces 34 a , a pressing force in a direction in which the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 of the wedge member 40 separate from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • Explanation of the other processes is omitted because the other processes are the same as the processes of the method of attaching the metal collar 2 according to the sixteenth embodiment.
  • the shapes of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H are non-circular shapes (for example, elliptical shapes or rounded polygonal shapes), the same configuration as the configuration in the embodiment can be adopted.
  • the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 in a state where the collar member 30 is deformed for diameter reduction such that the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 come into contact with each other, the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 has a radial direction dimension smaller than the minimum value of the tolerance of the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 has a radial direction dimension larger than the maximum value of the tolerance of the radial direction dimension of the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • latchet teeth 35 are formed side by side along a driving direction of the wedge member 40 on the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 .
  • Locking claws 44 engageable with the latchet teeth 35 are formed on the side surfaces 41 of the wedge member 40 .
  • the tips of the locking claws 44 have a tapered shape. When the locking claws 44 engage with the latchet teeth 35 , the tips of the locking claws 44 are elastically deformed along the shape of the latchet teeth 35 .
  • a dented section 36 is formed on the surface 32 a of the flange section 32 .
  • the dented section 36 houses the brim section 43 .
  • Latchet teeth 37 are formed side by side along a driving direction of the wedge member 40 on side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 .
  • Locking claws 45 engageable with the latchet teeth 37 are formed on surfaces of the brim section 43 opposed to the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 .
  • the tips of the locking claws 45 have a tapered shape. The tips of the locking claws 45 are elastically deformed along the shape of the latchet teeth 37 when the locking claws 45 engage with the latchet teeth 37 .
  • the locking claws 45 of the brim section 43 lock to the latchet teeth 37 , the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 and the surfaces in the brim section 43 opposed to the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 adhere. Gaps between the side surfaces 36 a and the surfaces can be closed. Consequently, it is possible to prevent intrusion of water and the like from the gaps.
  • the tips of the locking claws 45 have the tapered shape.
  • the tips of the locking claws 45 are elastically deformed along the shape of the latchet teeth 37 when the locking claws 45 engage with the latchet teeth 37 . Therefore, adhesion of the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 and the surfaces in the brim section 43 opposed to the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 is improved. Intrusion of waters and the like is more surely prevented.
  • a surface 43 a of the brim section 43 is parallel to the surface 32 a of the flange section 32 .
  • Side surfaces of the brim section 43 and the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 are in contact in two parts in the circumferential direction of the hole circumferential edge portion of the insertion hole 24 .
  • a projecting ridge 46 is formed in the hole circumferential edge portion on the surface 43 a of the brim section 43 .
  • the projecting ridge 46 continuously extends in the circumferential direction of the hole circumferential edge portion to connect two points where the side surfaces of the brim section 43 and the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 are in contact. In the state where the brim section 43 is housed in the dented section 36 , the projecting ridge 46 projects higher than the hole circumferential edge portion on the surface 32 a of the flange section 32 .
  • a projection amount of the projecting ridge 46 from the surface 32 a of the flange section 32 is not particularly limited. However, the projection amount is, for example, approximately 0.1 mm.
  • the projecting ridge 46 is crushed and deformed by an axial force of the fastening tool F inserted into the insertion hole 24 .
  • the projecting ridge 46 extends in the circumferential direction of the hole circumferential edge portion and projects higher than the hole circumferential edge portion on the surface 32 a of the flange section 32 . Therefore, after the wedge member 40 is driven into the slit 34 , by inserting the fastening tool F into the insertion hole 24 as shown in FIG. 21C and fastening the fastening tool F as shown in FIG. 21D , it is possible to apply the axial force of the fastening tool F to the projecting ridge 46 from the head of the fastening tool F and crush and deform (plastically deform) the projecting ridge 46 .
  • the projecting ridge 46 continuously extends in the circumferential direction of the hole circumferential edge portion to connect the two points where the side surfaces of the brim section 43 and the side surfaces 36 a of the dented section 36 are in contact. Therefore, even when there is a step between the surface 43 a of the brim section 43 housed in the dented section 36 and the surface 32 a of the flange section 32 , a gap formed between the surface 43 a of the brim section 43 and the head of the fastening tool F can be closed by the projecting ridge 46 . Consequently, it is possible to prevent water and the like from intruding into the insertion hole 24 from the outside via the gap.
  • the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 of the collar member 30 are formed in elliptical shapes substantially similar to each other in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the through-hole H.
  • the collar member 30 after expansion in diameter and deformation of the collar member 30 , as shown in FIG. 22B , the collar member 30 is restrained to be un-rotatable in the through-hole H. Therefore, it is possible to increase strength of the fastening part against tightening torque input from the fastening tool F.
  • the hole inner circumferential surface Hs and the outer circumferential surface 33 of the main body section 31 of the collar member 30 are not limited to the elliptical shapes and may be formed in rounded polygonal shapes substantially similar to each other. In this case, the same effects as the effects explained above can be obtained.
  • the slit 34 is bent in an axial direction view of the through-hole H and includes a radial direction slit 34 A into which the wedge member 40 is driven and a circumferential direction silt 34 B.
  • the circumferential direction slit 34 B extends in parallel to the outer circumferential surface 33 from the radial direction outer side end of the radial direction slit 34 A.
  • the inner surfaces 34 a of the circumferential direction slit 34 B slide on each other along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 33 .
  • a cutout 38 is formed in a circumferential direction position different from a circumferential direction position where the slit 34 of the inner circumferential surface of the collar member 30 is formed.
  • the cutout 38 is formed in a position on the opposite side of the slit 34 across the insertion hole 24 (a position opposed to the slit 34 in the radial direction) in a plan view of the collar member 30 .
  • the cutout 38 extends over the entire region of the axial direction length of the collar member 30 and has depth outward in the radial direction.
  • the cutout 38 by forming the cutout 38 , it is possible to reduce the rigidity of the collar member 30 against deformation in the radial direction than when the cutout 38 is not formed. Therefore, it is possible to increase a ratio (an amplification ratio) of a press force (an output) of the outer circumferential surface 33 of the collar member 30 against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs to a driving force of the wedge member 40 , that is, a pressing force (an input) of the wedge member 40 against the inner surfaces 34 a of the slit 34 than when the cutout 38 is not formed. Consequently, it is possible to more accurately control the press force by adjusting the driving force of the wedge member 40 .
  • Cutouts 38 may be formed in circumferential direction positions different from the circumferential direction position where the slit 34 is formed.
  • the shape of the cutout 38 is not limited to the shape shown in the figures and may be a U shape, a V shape, and the like in the plan view of the collar member 30 .
  • the metal collar 2 includes the first collar member (the outer collar member 10 , the collar member 30 ) and the second collar member (the inner collar member 20 , the wedge member 40 ).
  • the first collar member ( 10 , 30 ) includes the outer circumferential surface ( 11 , 33 ) that comes into contact with the hole inner circumferential surface Hs of the through-hole H when being attached in the through-hole H, and the inner circumferential surface located inside of the outer circumferential surface in the radial direction of the through-hole H.
  • the slit ( 13 , 34 ) communicating from one end face to the other end face is formed in a part in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface.
  • the first collar member is configured to be deformable in the radial direction.
  • the second collar member ( 20 , 40 ) includes one of the pressing surface ( 23 ) that applies, when the second collar member is fitted into the inner circumferential surface ( 12 ) of the first collar member ( 10 ), a pressing force outward in the radial direction to at least a part of the inner circumferential surface ( 12 ) and the pressing surface ( 41 ) that applies, when the second collar member is fitted into the slit ( 34 ) of the first collar member ( 30 ), a pressing force to the inner surfaces ( 34 a ) of the slit ( 34 ) in the direction in which the inner surfaces separate from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the second collar member ( 20 , 40 ) is held in the first collar member ( 10 , 30 ) by reaction of the pressing force and deforms the first collar member ( 10 , 30 ) for diameter expansion with the pressing force and presses the outer circumferential surface ( 11 , 33 ) of the first collar member ( 10 , 30 ) against the hole inner circumferential surface Hs.
  • the microcapsules M containing the adhesive may be applied to at least one of the pressing surface ( 23 , 41 ) of the second collar member ( 20 , 40 ) and the inner surfaces ( 34 a ) of the slit or the inner circumferential surface ( 12 ) of the first collar member ( 10 , 30 ) to which the pressing force is applied by the pressing surface. Further, the microcapsules M containing the adhesive may be applied to the outer circumferential surface ( 11 , 33 ) of the first collar member ( 10 , 30 ).
  • the adhesive may be a foamable adhesive that foams and hardens when being discharged from the microcapsules M.
  • the fastening part structure for the FRP member, the metal collar, and method of attaching the metal collar can be used in constituent members of vehicles such as an automobile, for example, a hood, a door panel, a bumper, a trunk lid, a rear gate, a fender panel, a side body panel, and a roof panel.
  • the fastening part structure for the FRP member, the metal collar, and method of attaching the metal collar can also be used in constituent members of carriers such as an airplane, a ship, and a railroad vehicle, household electric products, power generation equipment, production machines, housing appliances, furniture, leisure articles, and the like.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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US16/649,089 2017-09-20 2017-09-20 Fastening part structure for frp member, metal collar, and method of attaching metal collar Abandoned US20210164508A1 (en)

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CN117662588B (zh) * 2024-01-31 2024-04-12 唯实重工股份有限公司 一种铲运结构及掘进机

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US11919251B2 (en) * 2019-11-15 2024-03-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Adhesive member, adhesion method, and method for manufacturing electronic device casing

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CN111133206B (zh) 2021-08-13
JPWO2019058459A1 (ja) 2020-10-15
CN111133206A (zh) 2020-05-08
JP6897781B2 (ja) 2021-07-07
EP3686444A1 (en) 2020-07-29
US20220260103A1 (en) 2022-08-18
EP3686444A4 (en) 2020-10-07

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