US20210032713A1 - Method of production of steel parts by quenching with temperature equalization at ms - Google Patents

Method of production of steel parts by quenching with temperature equalization at ms Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20210032713A1
US20210032713A1 US16/800,839 US202016800839A US2021032713A1 US 20210032713 A1 US20210032713 A1 US 20210032713A1 US 202016800839 A US202016800839 A US 202016800839A US 2021032713 A1 US2021032713 A1 US 2021032713A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
temperature
steel part
steel
quenching
martensite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/800,839
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bohuslav Masek
Ctibor Stadler
Vjaceslav Georgiev
Jiri Hammerbauer
Radek Holota
Martin Jara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of West Bohemia
Original Assignee
University of West Bohemia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of West Bohemia filed Critical University of West Bohemia
Assigned to ZAPADOCESKA UNIVERZITA V PLZNI reassignment ZAPADOCESKA UNIVERZITA V PLZNI ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GEORGIEV, VJACESLAV, HAMMERBAUR, JIRI, Holota, Radek, JARA, MARTIN, MASEK, BOHUSLAV, STADLER, CTIBOR
Publication of US20210032713A1 publication Critical patent/US20210032713A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/22—Martempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/58—Oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a method for producing steel parts, which leads to a microstructure containing low-stress martensite with improved ductility and stabilized retained austenite.
  • the method involves heat treatment and/or thermomechanical treatment characterized by the steel parts being cooled from a temperature in the austenite region to a temperature around the martensite start temperature (“Ms”) and then held at the temperature around the Ms in a furnace and then finally cooled in air.
  • Ms martensite start temperature
  • Steel parts are typically made from stock whose condition makes it easy to process.
  • the structures of the steel parts usually require subsequent modification to attain the appropriate mechanical properties for the particular engineering application.
  • the process which is often used to achieve this is a combination of quenching and tempering and is performed in multiple variants and with different parameters, depending on the material and the desired properties of the final structure.
  • the typical structure after quenching is martensite, which exhibits high strength and hardness but very poor ductility owing to internal stress. This causes problems in parts under load, as they may suddenly fracture in service. Therefore, materials with martensitic structure are usually tempered after quenching. This produces a specific bainitic microstructure referred to as sorbite. Sorbite typically consists of fine carbides and bainitic ferrite.
  • One or more embodiments of the present invention generally concern a method for producing steel parts.
  • the method comprises creating a multiphase structure, which comprises or consists of low-stress martensite with increased ductility and stabilized retained austenite, by partial quenching the steel part in a quenching bath. Consequently, the steel part is cooled from a temperature in the austenite region in the quenching bath so that the surface temperature of the steel part decreases to below the Ms by 5-50% to a value between the Ms and Mf. Meanwhile, the temperature of the interior of the steel part is above the Ms. Afterwards, the temperature throughout the steel part is equalized at the Ms temperature in equipment that maintains the Ms temperature. Subsequently, the steel part is removed from the furnace and cooled to ambient temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the treatment procedure and microstructural evolution in steel blanks with martensitic-austenitic microstructures.
  • This invention can find broad use in heat treatments and thermomechanical treatments of blanks from high-strength steels, namely in production of steel parts, typically for the machinery and transport industry.
  • the present method is characterized by cooling a steel blank from a temperature in the austenite region by repeated cooling in boiling water.
  • the method of the present invention is carried out by gradually immersing the steel blank in a water bath and removing it from the bath to ensure that its surface temperature does not decrease considerably below the required cooling temperature, which is equal to the Ms temperature. Once the surface temperature of the blank is just below the Ms, the steel blank is removed from the bath and the surface temperature rises gradually due to to the heat flux from the interior of the steel blank to the surface of the steel blank.
  • cooling can be carried out in, for instance, a preheated oil bath instead of a water bath.
  • the steel blank After removal from the bath and once the surface temperature increases, the steel blank can be repeatedly immersed in boiling water until heat is removed from the interior of the steel blank. As a result, the steel blank reaches a temperature just below the Ms, whereas the temperature in the core of the blank is above the Ms. Consequently, transformation of austenite initiates in the surface layers of the steel blank, and thereby partial transformation to martensite occurs. Since temperature does not decrease any closer to the Mf, only isolated martensite needles or plates form within supercooled austenite and divide austenite grains into segments. The amount of austenite may be between 5 to 25% by weight, depending on the cooling conditions in the sub-surface layer. However, in certain embodiments, martensitic transformation may be arrested because temperature does not decrease any more. Furthermore, carbon migrates from the super-saturated austenite into the surrounding austenite, which becomes stable due to super-saturation.
  • the steel blank may be interchangeably referred to as “part” may be immersed in a bath (either water or oil) until the blank reaches a temperature 20° C. below the Ms.
  • the bath may comprise a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation and ignition.
  • the temperature of the quenching bath is maintained at a temperature that is below the Ms of the steel part by 5-50% of a value between the Ms and Mf. Upon reaching this temperature, the immersion process ends and the blank may be placed in a furnace kept at approximately 210° C., where it may be held for 20 to 180 minutes, depending on its size and shape. Afterwards, the blank may be removed from the furnace and cooled to ambient temperature.
  • the steel is alloyed with Mn, Cr, and possibly other elements, but mainly with Si which may be present at 1.5 to 2.5% by weight. Therefore, the migrating carbon does not form carbides and remains free to migrate by diffusion.
  • the interior of the blank where the temperature has not decreased to the Ms, metastable austenite remains, which cannot transform into martensite or bainite. Therefore, the interior of the blank continues to cool and the temperature of the interior eventually becomes closer to the surface temperature, which is kept around the Ms. In order to equalize temperature completely, the blank is placed in a heating box or in a furnace, which is at a temperature around the Ms.
  • Alternative methods may include, without limitation, immersion into a cooling medium whose temperature corresponds to a temperature that is required for temperature equalization and holding the part at this temperature. After holding, during which the temperatures in the part equalize, the part is removed and cooled in air.
  • a cooling medium whose temperature corresponds to a temperature that is required for temperature equalization and holding the part at this temperature. After holding, during which the temperatures in the part equalize, the part is removed and cooled in air.
  • favourable conditions are present for diffusion of carbon, which migrates into austenite and therefore stabilizes austenite in the vicinity of newly-formed martensite needles.
  • the growth of adjacent martensite needles is therefore hindered by stabilized austenite and layers of retained austenite remain between the needles. Due to super-saturation, these layers are stable enough to survive the complete cooling to ambient temperature.
  • the super-saturated austenite in the regions between martensite cannot transform into ferrite and carbides, the resulting martensitic-austenitic structure retains
  • a steel comprising the composition of TABLE 1 was used to produce a forged part. After forging, trimming, and sizing, a forged part from the steel was gripped in robot grippers. Based on a defined cooling sequence, the robot was programmed to immerse and remove the part from a cooling bath. In forged parts with irregular distribution of mass, the cooling intensity can be enhanced by partial immersion of the locations in which heat accumulation occurs. Once the part reached a temperature 20° C. below the Ms, the Ms temperature for this steel material being 190° C., the immersion sequence ended and the blank at this temperature was placed in a furnace kept at approximately 210° C., where it was held for 20 to 180 minutes, depending on its size and shape. It was then removed from the furnace and cooled to ambient temperature.
  • Another example embodiment involves a procedure where a drawn part of thick-walled sheet of approximately 10 mm thickness, which was made of the steel composition of TABLE 1, whose temperature was approximately 930° C., was suspended from a holder of a cooling manipulator.
  • the manipulator was programmed according to a pre-defined cooling sequence and was controlled to immerse the blank in and remove it from a cooling bath repeatedly. Once the blank surface reached a temperature 20° C. below the Ms, the Ms temperature for this material being 190° C., the immersion sequence ended and the blank at this temperature was placed into a furnace kept at approximately 210° C., where it is held for 20 to 90 minutes, depending on its size and shape. The blank was removed from the furnace and cooled to ambient temperature.
  • the third example embodiment involves a sequence in which an M28 screw at 930° C., which was made from the steel composition of TABLE 1, was immersed in a quenching oil bath at 200° C., which was under a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation and ignition. The screw was removed from the cooling bath after 30 minutes and cooled to ambient temperature in still air.
  • the term “and/or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and/or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination, B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
  • the terms “comprising,” “comprises,” and “comprise” are open-ended transition terms used to transition from a subject recited before the term to one or more elements recited after the term, where the element or elements listed after the transition term are not necessarily the only elements that make up the subject.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US16/800,839 2019-07-30 2020-02-25 Method of production of steel parts by quenching with temperature equalization at ms Abandoned US20210032713A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2019-495A CZ2019495A3 (cs) 2019-07-30 2019-07-30 Způsob výroby součástí z ocelí kalením s vyrovnáním teplot na teplotu Ms
CZPV2019-495 2019-07-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20210032713A1 true US20210032713A1 (en) 2021-02-04

Family

ID=72241347

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/800,839 Abandoned US20210032713A1 (en) 2019-07-30 2020-02-25 Method of production of steel parts by quenching with temperature equalization at ms

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20210032713A1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ2019495A3 (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113564474A (zh) * 2021-07-26 2021-10-29 莱芜钢铁集团银山型钢有限公司 一种屈服强度≥550MPa低屈强比大型石油储罐用钢板及其生产方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1936719A (en) * 1929-10-15 1933-11-28 Horace C Knerr Apparatus for and method of heat treating metal
US6443214B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-09-03 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for heat treating mold cast product
US20090291013A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Fedchun Vladimir A Method of designing a low cost, high strength, high toughness, martensitic steel and an article made thereof

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1160913B (it) * 1978-04-25 1987-03-11 Centre Rech Metallurgique Perfezionamento ai procedimenti di profilati tubolari di acciaio
FI20115702A7 (fi) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-02 Rautaruukki Oyj Menetelmä suurlujuus- rakenneteräksen valmistamiseksi ja suurlujuusrakenneterästuote
JP6150746B2 (ja) * 2014-02-26 2017-06-21 株式会社ハーモニック・ドライブ・システムズ 波動歯車装置の可撓性外歯歯車および製造方法
WO2016001699A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Arcelormittal Method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet having improved formability and sheet obtained
CA3046108A1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2018-06-21 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Hot-rolled flat steel product and method for the production thereof
CZ307645B6 (cs) * 2017-02-15 2019-01-30 Západočeská Univerzita V Plzni Způsob výroby součástí z ocelí
CN108707819B (zh) * 2018-05-16 2020-01-24 中北大学 一种含δ铁素体高性能钢及其制备方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1936719A (en) * 1929-10-15 1933-11-28 Horace C Knerr Apparatus for and method of heat treating metal
US6443214B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-09-03 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for heat treating mold cast product
US20090291013A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Fedchun Vladimir A Method of designing a low cost, high strength, high toughness, martensitic steel and an article made thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113564474A (zh) * 2021-07-26 2021-10-29 莱芜钢铁集团银山型钢有限公司 一种屈服强度≥550MPa低屈强比大型石油储罐用钢板及其生产方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ308468B6 (cs) 2020-09-02
CZ2019495A3 (cs) 2020-09-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9476112B2 (en) Steel wire rod or steel bar having excellent cold forgeability
MX2013002305A (es) Alambron de acero para resorte de alta resistencia de excelente aptitud para el estirado de alambre, metodo de fabricacion para el mismo, y resorte de alta resistencia.
JP3966493B2 (ja) 冷間鍛造用線材及びその製造方法
US20190127829A1 (en) A Method For Manufacturing A Martensitic Stainless Steel Part From A Sheet
JP5535922B2 (ja) 鋼のための熱処理プロセス
JPWO2012005373A1 (ja) 高強度ばね用伸線熱処理鋼線および高強度ばね用伸線前鋼線
JP2009024218A (ja) 軸受粗成形品の製造方法
KR102415764B1 (ko) 오스템퍼링 열처리 특성이 우수한 열연강판, 열연소둔강판, 부재 및 이들의 제조방법
US4088511A (en) Steels combining toughness and machinability
KR20150144296A (ko) 고 특성을 갖는 표면 처리된 기계 부품용 스틸, 및 이 스틸의 기계 부품 및 이의 제조방법
JP5105235B2 (ja) 金型の焼入れ方法
JP5443843B2 (ja) 冷間圧延用鍛鋼ロールの製造方法
JP6460883B2 (ja) 加工性に優れた熱処理鋼線の製造方法
US7037383B2 (en) Process for producing a component from metal
US20210032713A1 (en) Method of production of steel parts by quenching with temperature equalization at ms
CN110042217B (zh) 纳米贝氏体轴承热处理方法及其制得的轴承
JP2017179524A (ja) 鋼線材ならびに鋼線材および鋼線の製造方法
KR101789944B1 (ko) 코일 스프링 및 그 제조 방법
JP2017106048A (ja) 機械構造部品用鋼線
KR102326245B1 (ko) 냉간압조용 선재 및 이의 제조방법
JP5075293B2 (ja) 金型の焼入れ方法
JP5380001B2 (ja) 軸受鋼鋼材の製造方法
US20170306432A1 (en) Method for manufacturing steel for high-strength hollow spring
WO2015188796A1 (en) Method of heat treatment of bearing steel
JP7229827B2 (ja) 高炭素鋼板の製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ZAPADOCESKA UNIVERZITA V PLZNI, CZECH REPUBLIC

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MASEK, BOHUSLAV;STADLER, CTIBOR;GEORGIEV, VJACESLAV;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:052019/0310

Effective date: 20200214

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION