US2020475A - Electric switch - Google Patents

Electric switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US2020475A
US2020475A US651279A US65127933A US2020475A US 2020475 A US2020475 A US 2020475A US 651279 A US651279 A US 651279A US 65127933 A US65127933 A US 65127933A US 2020475 A US2020475 A US 2020475A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cylinder
stationary
contacts
contact
movable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US651279A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ronnberg Daniel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2020475A publication Critical patent/US2020475A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/94—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/96—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc the arc-extinguishing fluid being liquid, e.g. oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to such circuit breakers where the arc of rupture is extinguished by a flow of fluid for instance oil or water or a suitable gas.
  • the invention 'relates further to such circuit breaker, where the flow of iluld is caused by the arc itself.
  • breakers are also known where a flow of extinguishing fluid is caused by the arc itself, but'in these breakers the vapor developed by the arc acts immediately on the extinguishing fluid which by the pressure of the vapor is pressed in a stream across the path of the arc. In these breakers, the arc therefore must get a rather considerable length before the extinguishing action can take place.
  • the ilow of fluid is caused by a plunger mechanism driven by the arc itself.
  • the power available for the plunger mechanism is therefore automatically increased with the current to be interrupted.
  • the contacts of the breaker are enclosed in a chamber which is connected with another chamber by one or a plurality of channels of which one maybe travenlarged detail view showlng in section part of the breaker of Fig. 14; Figs. 16 to 18 inclusive are similar views but showing slightly modified forms; Fig. 19 is a sectional plan view of Fig. 18; and Figs. 20 and 21 are sectional views showing two other forms of the circuit breaker.
  • an oil vessel I is closed by a cover 2.
  • This cover is provided with leading through insulators 3 which are extended into the vesseland supports the stationary contacts 8 and the extinguishing chambers I.
  • S is an insulating 10 rod supporting they movable contacts 6. which are fastened to the rod by means of a bridge 1.
  • 'Ihe extinguishing chambers are shown in an enlarged scale in Fig. 2.
  • 9 is the stationary contact supported by the insulator 3.
  • the contact I is provided with shallow contact blocks 9 forming a sleeve contact and supported by the leaf springs I0 and pressed together by the annular formed spiral springs II.
  • the contact 9 is surrounded by a metal sleeve I2, which supports the cylinder il by means of the collar I9, which is connected to the sleeve I2 by four spaced radially extending arms or spokes extending between the collar I6 and the said sleeve I2.
  • This cylinder I3 is made of a suitable insulating material for instance bakelized paper and provided with a cover I4 and bottom I5.
  • the cover I4 and bottom I5 areheld apart by rods I1 and Iprovided with holes I8 and I9 for the passage of the movable contact 6.
  • the hole I8 in the cover Il has nearly the same diameter as the movable contact 6, but the hole I9 in the bottom I5 is considerably greater than the contact.
  • a floating cover 20 with a close fitting hole 2i is arranged. Due to the floating arrangement of the cover, the hole can be very close fitting the contact regardless of the movable contact not being in accurate alignment with the axis of the cylinder I3.
  • metal cylinder 22 is arranged, which is provided with a metal collar 23 at its upper end and a bent over edge 2l at its lower end, which close fits the cylinder i3.
  • the collar 23 is close fitting the metal sleeve I2 and is at its inner diameter provided with an annular groove 25.
  • the groove 25 communicates with the extinguishing chamber by openings 29 and with the space outside the chamber by means of the opening I0.
  • the openings 29 are normally 5o closed by valves 2l pressed against the holes by means of helical springs 21.
  • the device acts in the following manner.
  • an arc between the 55 . consists of a rod and is designated by 4
  • valves 29 are arranged in order to prevent a dangerous pressure to arise in the chambers, and are dimensioned only to open at an excessive pressure.
  • 6 is provided with small holes 35.
  • the stationary contact is integral with a cylinder 36 which is fastened to the insulator 3.
  • the cylinder 36 is provided with a piston 31 that by means of rods 38 is connected to another piston 39 movable in a second cylinder 40.
  • This may preferably be made of an insulating material and has a diameter materially minor to that of the cylinder 36.k
  • separates from the stationary contact, an arc appears between this contact and the stationary contact 42, and as both cylinders are filled with an insulating uid, this will evaporate and cause a pressure acting upwardly on the piston 31 and downwardly on the piston 39. Due to the diierence in piston area the pistons will move upwardly. At this motion the fluid in the smaller cylinder will be pressed through the hole 43 and thereby extinguish the arc. After extinguishing the arc, the pistons are pressed back by the spring 44.
  • 36 is a metal cylinder fastened to the insulator 3.
  • Said cylinder is provided with a piston 31 which by means of rods 38 is connected to another piston 39, movable in a second cylinder 40.
  • This may preferably be made of insulating material and has a diameter materially minor to that of' the cylinder 36.
  • the stationary contact 42 is yieldably mounted ani electrically connected to the metal cylinder 36.
  • the cylinders 36 and 40 are separated by a stationary insulating wall 45 and provided with a hole or channel 43, traversed by the movable contact.
  • the lower cylinder is rigidly fastened to the piston 31 so that when a pressure arises in the cylinders due to the arc of 10 rupture, the piston 31 moves upwards and with it the cylinder 40 with the bottom 39. 'I'he space between the wall and the bottom 39 is then reduced so that a. flow of liquid is forced from said space through the channel 43 into the upper 15 cylinder. In the form shown at Fig. 5 the liquid also passes through the channel 49 and openings 50 in the stationary contact.
  • Figs. 7, 8 and 9 show modifications where the insulating wall 45 is replaced by a series of walls 20 52 provided with holes forming a longitudinal channel for the arc between the contacts.
  • Fig. 7 shows modifications where the insulating wall 45 is replaced by a series of walls 20 52 provided with holes forming a longitudinal channel for the arc between the contacts.
  • FIG. 8 a section of the arrangement according to Fig. 8 perpendicular to the section in Fig. 8 is shown.
  • the stationary contact 54 is arranged 30 on a movable plunger 55 that is movable in the cylinder 56.
  • This cylinder is fastened on the insulator 51 and the stationary contact is connected to the cylinder 56 by means of a flexible conductor 58.
  • a spring 59 tends to hold the 35 plunger 55 in its lower position.
  • the plunger 55 is provided with an insulating cylinder 60 and a collar 62. Inside the cylinder 60, a wall 6
  • the cylinder 56 is provided with a cylinder of insulating material 63, that surrounds the cylinder 50. Inside the cylinder 63 the collar 62 of the plunger 55 flts rather well.
  • the bottom 64 of the cylinder 63 is 45 also provided with a channel for the movable contact, and in the plunger 55 a hole 61 is arranged.
  • the arrangement acts in the following way: When the coniA 't separates from the station- 50 ary contact 54, an are appears between the contacts and causes a violent evaporation of the fluid surrounding the contacts. The pressure generated thereby acts downwardly on the upper r" side of the piston or plunger 55 and upwardly' di on the lower side of said plunger and its collar or fiange 62.. Due to the larger area o the lower surface of the piston 55 it is forced upwards so that the liquid inside the cylinder 56 is compressed. At this compression a powerful flow of liquid is forced through the hole 61 and through the hole in the insulating wail 6
  • Fig. l1 differs from that of Fig. 10 only in that the stationary .contact with the plunger 55 is fixed to the insulator 51 by means of a rod 65.
  • the cylinder 56 with the cylinder 63 is mov- 75 able and is held in its upper position by means of the spring 59.
  • the insulating cylinders 10 and 13 The cylinder 10 is provided with a wall 1
  • the arrangement according 'to Fig. 13 is similar to that of Fig. 12.
  • the insulator 51 supports a metal cylinder 85 that in its turn supports an insulating cylinder 80 provided with a wall 8
  • the outer cylinder 83 is movable and may also be provided with an inner metal cylinder 85.
  • 'cylinder 83 is held in its upperposition by means cf the springs 69 held in position by means of the rods 15.
  • the cylinder 83 is also provided with a bottom 84 provided with a hole traversed by the movable contact 4
  • 'I'he metal cylinder 86 is provided with holes 88 for the 'extinguishing iiuid.
  • the cylinder is fastened to the cylinder 82 that also supports the rods 15.
  • Fig.. 14 a form of' the invention is shown, which 1s especially suitable when water is used as van extinguishing fluid.
  • are the insulators supporting the stationary contacts 91, which are surrounded by a plurality of cylinders forming an extinguishing chamber.
  • the movable contacts 93 are arranged on a'bridge 94 supported by an insulating rod 95 connected with the operating mechanism not shown on the drawings.
  • may be suspported by a beam 92 of suitable material.
  • the extinguishing chamber is shown rin detail in Fig. 15.
  • the stationary contact 91 is arranged in the bottom of a vessel formed by the cylinder
  • This cylinder may be made of a suitable metal and so also the other.
  • the stationary contact is yieldably supported by the rmetal cylinder
  • the cylinder 98 is supported by means of pillars
  • the cylinderl 99 is provided with a cover 99, so that the stationary contact is entirely enclosed.
  • the movable contact moves through a hole inthe cover 99, and the cylinder
  • 05 are also provided with holes for the movable Contact.
  • the movable contact 93 has a central bore ⁇ at its lower part and this bore communicates with the space outside by means of longitudinal channels 98.
  • FIGs. 16 and 17 two modifications of the arrangement according to Fig. 15 are shown.
  • the stationary contact I I is provided with a hole and also the cylinder
  • the modification according to Fig. 17 differs fromthat of Fig. I8 only in that the stationary contact is a sleeve contact with sprung contact blocks
  • Fig. 18 shows another modification of the form shown in Fig. 15, but in the modification according to Fig. 18 the path of the arc is crossed by a plurality of channels
  • 1 is provided to avoid excess pressure to arise inside the cylinder next to the contacts.
  • 27 communcates with -the space outside the cylinder
  • FIG. 2l another form of the invention is shown where also two stationary contacts are enclosed in the same space.
  • the stationary contacts are surrounded by a cylinder
  • This latter cylinder is provided with a collar iSl which close fits the inner cylinder
  • 38 is further provided with a collar
  • 39 is held in its lower position by means of springs
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising stationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, a chamber enclosing the contact point between cooperating stationary and movable contacts, a chamber adjacent to said chamber, a differential piston forming parts of the walls of said chambers and actuated by the pressure generated by the arc of rupture, a channel spaced from said contact point and forming the principal communication between said chambers, said channel being opened by the movable contact during the rupturing motion, and being traversed by fluid diplayed by said piston.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising stationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, a chamber enclosing the contact point between cooperating stationary and movable contacts, a chamber adjacent to said chamber, a differential piston forming parts of the walls of said chambers and actuated by the pressure generated by the arc of rupture, a channel forming the principal communication between said chambers, said channel being traversed by a flow of fluid forced forward by action of said differential piston and by the arc of rupture.
  • Anelectric circuit breaker comprising stationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, a chamber enclosing the contact point between cooperating stationary and movable contacts, a chamber adjacent to said chamber, a differential piston forming parts of the walls of said chambers and actuated by the pressure generated by the arc of rupture, a plurality of channels forming the principal communication between said chambers and traversed by a flow of fluid, one of said channels being traversed also by the arc.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising stationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, a chamber enclosing the contact point between each pair of cooperating stationary and movable contacts, a chamber adjacent to said chamber, a differential piston forming parts of the walls of said chambers and actuated yby the pressure generated by the arc oi rupture, a channel forming the principal communication between said chambers, said channel being traversed by the movable contact, by the arc of rupture, and by a flow of fluid from one chamber to the other.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising stationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, concentrical cylinders movable in relation to each other, annular and disc formed parts connected to said cylinders and forming with the said cylinders for each pair of contacts two chambers with different cross section, a differential piston comprising parts of the walls of said chambers rigidly connected together and movable in said chambers, a channel connecting said chambers and traversed by the movable contact, by the arc of rupture, and by a flow of extinguishing fluid forced forward by Said differential piston.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising stationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, concentrical cylinders movable in relation to each other, annular and disc formed parts connected to said cylinders and forming with the said cylinders for each two engaging contacts two chambers with different cross section,.
  • a differential piston comprising parts of the walls of said chambers rigidly connected together and movable in said chambers, a stationary wall of insulating material placed at a small distance from the stationary contact and separating the two chambers, a channel in said wall traversed by the movable contact, by the arc 0f rupture and by a flow of fluid from one chamber to the other.
  • An electriccircuitbreaker comprisingstationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, concentrical cylinders movable in relation to each other, annularanddiscformed parts connected to said cylinders and-ftogether with the said cylinders-forming, for eachtwoengaging contacts, two chambers with different cross section, a differential piston comprising parts of the walls of said chambers rigidly connected together and movable in said chambers, a stationary wall small distance from the stationary contact and separating the two chambers, a channel in said wall traversed by the movable contact, by the arc of rupture, and by a ow of iiuid from one chamber to the other, a oating disc closing one of said chambers, and a channel in said disc traversed by the movable contact andtightly fitting to it.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising containers partly iilled with an extinguishing liquid, stationary contacts arranged beneath the surface of said liquid, movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, a diierential pressure device comprising, concentrical cylinders movable in relation to each other, and disc shaped parts connected to said cylinders and forming chambers enclosing said contacts, a channel connecting rsaid chambers andtraversed by a iiow of liquid from one chamber to the other in contact with the arc of rupture between the contacts'.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising a plurality of stationary contacts, a plurality of movable contacts engaging said stationary contacts, a cylinder surrounding said contacts, a movable bottom for said cylinder, a container enclosing said contacts, a piston rigidly connected to said movable bottom and movable in said container, and channels in immediate proximity to the point of engagement of said contacts.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising stationary contacts, movable contacts engaging said l stationary contacts-two chambers changeable in volume and enclosing said stationary and movable contacts, means for changing the volume of said chambers in opposite senses by the action of insulating material placed at a of the arc o! rupture.
  • a stationary wall separating said chambers and arranged in front of said stationary contact, a channel in said wall traversed by the movable contact and arc of rupture, one or a plurality of valves closing channels between said chambers and the space outside the chambers, said valves preventing an excess pressure in the chambers.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising a container partly illled with an extinguishing liquid, a stationary contact arranged beneath the surface of said liquid, a movable contact engaging said stationary contact, a stationary cylinder' surrounding said stationary contact, a stationary cover in said cylinder arranged in front of said stationary contact, a channel in said cover traversed by said movable contact, a movable cylinder'arranged outside said stationary cylinder, a bottom part and a cover iixed to said cylinder, each closing a'chamber formed by 20 said cylinders and enclosing said contacts.
  • An electric circuit breaker comprising a plurality of containers partly lled with an extinguishing liquid, a stationary contact in each container arranged beneath the surface of said liquid, a movable contact engaging said stationary contact, a stationary cylinder surrounding said vstationary contact, a stationary cover in said cylinder arranged in front of said stationary contact, a channel in said cover traversed by said movable contact, a movablev cylinder arranged ouiside said stationary cylinder, a bottom part and a cover nxedto said movable cylinder.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US651279A 1932-01-23 1933-01-12 Electric switch Expired - Lifetime US2020475A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE49073X 1932-01-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2020475A true US2020475A (en) 1935-11-12

Family

ID=20265245

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US651279A Expired - Lifetime US2020475A (en) 1932-01-23 1933-01-12 Electric switch

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2020475A (de)
BE (2) BE393776A (de)
DE (3) DE912122C (de)
DK (1) DK49073C (de)
FR (2) FR749337A (de)
GB (3) GB409099A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2420889A (en) * 1945-04-06 1947-05-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2447950A (en) * 1945-04-03 1948-08-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2477837A (en) * 1944-08-25 1949-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2686854A (en) * 1948-02-13 1954-08-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US3378661A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-04-16 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Auxiliary contact structure with arc suppressing means

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB378535A (en) * 1931-05-09 1932-08-09 British Electrical & Allied In Improvements relating to electric switches or circuit breakers, fusible cut-outs andlightning arresters
DE1023111B (de) * 1954-06-04 1958-01-23 Asea Ab Loeschkammer fuer oelarme elektrische Leistungsschalter
DE1017684B (de) * 1954-07-17 1957-10-17 Sachsenwerk Licht & Kraft Ag Loeschkammer fuer oelarme elektrische Leistungsschalter
US2878345A (en) * 1955-02-11 1959-03-17 Asea Ab Extinguishing chamber for electric circuit breakers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2477837A (en) * 1944-08-25 1949-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2447950A (en) * 1945-04-03 1948-08-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2420889A (en) * 1945-04-06 1947-05-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US2686854A (en) * 1948-02-13 1954-08-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
US3378661A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-04-16 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Auxiliary contact structure with arc suppressing means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB409099A (en) 1934-04-26
GB423424A (en) 1935-01-31
BE393776A (de) 1933-02-28
BE404895A (de)
DK49073C (da) 1934-07-30
DE894269C (de) 1953-10-22
GB408077A (en) 1934-04-05
DE912122C (de) 1954-05-24
DE912595C (de) 1954-05-31
FR45197E (fr) 1935-07-06
FR749337A (fr) 1933-07-21

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