US20200262028A1 - Method for dressing a grinding tool - Google Patents

Method for dressing a grinding tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200262028A1
US20200262028A1 US16/795,917 US202016795917A US2020262028A1 US 20200262028 A1 US20200262028 A1 US 20200262028A1 US 202016795917 A US202016795917 A US 202016795917A US 2020262028 A1 US2020262028 A1 US 2020262028A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
dressing
axes
grinding tool
defines
grinding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/795,917
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Schweizer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Klingelnberg AG
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Klingelnberg AG
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Publication date
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Assigned to KLINGELNBERG AG reassignment KLINGELNBERG AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHWEIZER, MARTIN
Publication of US20200262028A1 publication Critical patent/US20200262028A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/08—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels controlled by information means, e.g. patterns, templets, punched tapes or the like
    • B24B53/085—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels controlled by information means, e.g. patterns, templets, punched tapes or the like for workpieces having a grooved profile, e.g. gears, splined shafts, threads, worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/075—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels for workpieces having a grooved profile, e.g. gears, splined shafts, threads, worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/062—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels using rotary dressing tools

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to methods for dressing a grinding tool by means of a machine tool.
  • Dressing methods are used to sharpen and form grinding tools for the fine machining or hard fine machining of workpieces, such as gear wheels or the like.
  • the dressing of the grinding tool preceding the grinding machining also has to take place with high accuracy. It is thus apparent that inadequate dimensional accuracy of the grinding tool geometry generated in the dressing procedure can be reflected directly in manufacturing deviations of the workpiece to be ground using the grinding tool.
  • a frequently occurring deviation of the actual position from the target position in the axial movements of the NC axes arises if one or more of the participating NC axes has to be moved out of a standstill or with a directional reversal during the forming contact between the form dressing roller and the grinding wheel.
  • the affected NC axis has to be accelerated from a state of static friction into a state of sliding friction, so that a discontinuity in the time curve of the acting forces or a jerk arises (stick-slip effect).
  • FIG. 1 One example of a known path error of a machine tool during the dressing procedure, which results from a directional reversal of an NC axis, is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the NC axis in a Y direction (Y position) is implemented by a linear axis.
  • the Y position shown in FIG. 1 therefore represents the movement route of this linear axis in millimeters.
  • An NC axis in a Z direction (Z position) is implemented by a further linear axis.
  • the Z position shown in FIG. 1 therefore represents the movement route of this further linear axis in millimeters.
  • the curve having the reference sign 1 represents the predetermined target route which is to be implemented to travel along a dressing path as the relative movement between a dressing roller and a grinding tool to be dressed by means of the linear axes in the Y direction and Z direction.
  • the curve having the reference sign 2 describes the actual route which is actually implemented by the NC axes in the Y direction and Z direction.
  • the target route 1 has a local minimum 3 , so that the linear axis of the Y direction has to carry out a direction change to travel along the target route 1 .
  • the linear axis of the Y direction comes to a short-term standstill and enters a state of static friction, so that proceeding from the local minimum 3 , a growing deviation of the actual route 2 from the target route 1 can be seen, wherein the linear axis of the Y direction remains at a value of approximately 287.962 mm, while the linear axis of the Z direction continuously moves further.
  • a target-actual deviation of the Y position of approximately 0.004 mm results, the absolute value of which is illustrated by the double arrow 4 .
  • the present disclosure is based on the technical problem of specifying a method for dressing a grinding tool of the type mentioned at the outset, which in at least some embodiments does not have the above-described disadvantages or at least has them to a lesser extent and/or enables enhanced accuracy in the dressing of a grinding tool.
  • a method for dressing a grinding tool by means of a machine tool has in at least some embodiments the following method steps:
  • the tool profile to be generated on the grinding tool is formed by a contact between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller along a dressing path
  • each of the NC axes generating the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller has an axial velocity, the absolute value of which is greater than zero, wherein none of these NC axes carries out a directional reversal or comes to a standstill.
  • the NC axes are exclusively moved in a state of sliding friction during the travel along the dressing path.
  • the NC axes which generate the travel along the dressing path and/or the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller are not the spindle drives which set the form dressing roller and the grinding tool into rotation about the respective tool or workpiece spindle axis thereof, respectively, but rather the NC axes which effectuate a displacement of a contact point or contact region in the forming contact between the grinding tool and the form dressing roller, for example, linear or pivot axes.
  • NC axes mentioned can be linear axes arranged in accordance with Cartesian coordinates.
  • NC axes can alternatively or additionally comprise linear axes which are oriented inclined and/or skewed in relation to one another.
  • the NC axes can comprise rotational and/or pivot axes.
  • form dressing roller means in the present case that the profile of the grinding tool to be dressed is generated kinematically, i.e., by a relative movement of the form dressing roller in relation to the grinding wheel, wherein in some embodiments there is not a linear contact but rather a point contact between the form dressing roller and the grinding tool.
  • the form dressing roller mentioned here therefore does not comprise the profile of the grinding wheel as the negative form inherent to the dressing tool.
  • one of the NC axes generating the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller is a linear axis.
  • one of the NC axes generating the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller is a pivot axis or rotational axis.
  • NC stands in a known manner for “numeric control” and is to be understood in the scope of this text such that the relevant NC axis is movable with the aid of a machine controller and, in at least some embodiments, in the scope of a fully automatic program sequence.
  • an NC axis When reference is made in the present case to an NC axis, in this case this is thus a unit for adjusting a relative position of the tool, the dressing roller here, in relation to the workpiece, the grinding tool here, or vice versa.
  • Such an NC axis typically has a drive which can move a movable element over a predetermined angle and/or length range.
  • the movable element is movably and/or rotatably mounted along a guide.
  • the mounting or guiding of the relevant movable element can be embodied as hydrodynamic, hydrostatic, aerostatic, or rolling.
  • a sliding carriage translationally movable along a slide rail can be mentioned as an example of a linear guide.
  • NC axis which is a linear axis
  • this is thus, for example, a linear axis or linear unit having spindle drive, ballscrew drive, toothed belt drive, direct drive, or the like in this case.
  • NC axis which is a rotational axis or pivot axis
  • this is thus, for example, in this case a rotational axis or pivot axis having electromotive, hydraulic, or pneumatic rotational drive, for example, rotational drives according to the steep thread principle or the toothed rack pinion principle.
  • a spindle which bears the rotating dressing roller can be displaceable and/or pivotable by means of two or more linear axes and/or pivot axes in a workspace of the machine tool to execute a relative movement in relation to the grinding tool to be dressed.
  • a spindle which bears the rotating grinding tool can alternatively or additionally be displaceable and/or pivotable by means of two or more linear axes and/or pivot axes in a workspace of the machine tool in order to execute a relative movement in relation to the dressing tool.
  • the dressable grinding tool is a dressable grinding wheel.
  • the accuracy in the dressing of the grinding wheel can accordingly be improved with the aid of the method.
  • the grinding wheel has a grinding profile, the grinding profile cross section of which comprises at least one local minimum and/or at least one local maximum, wherein the local minimum and/or local maximum are dressed in a continuous pass.
  • the shape or profile of the wheel profile cross section can be defined by a curve. This curve may have a local minimum and/or a local maximum.
  • this thus means that the dressing roller dresses the local minimum and/or local maximum of the grinding profile cross section of the grinding tool to be dressed without setting down or lifting off the dressing roller from the grinding tool in the continuous forming contact.
  • the wheel profile cross section is therefore not dressed in a segmented manner, for example, in a rising region up to a maximum and a falling region which is dressed proceeding from the maximum in a second pass or a second infeed. Rather, in the present case the relevant local minimum and/or local maximum of the grinding profile cross section of the grinding tool to be dressed is passed over or dressed in a continuous contact between the dressing roller and the grinding tool.
  • the problem outlined in FIG. 1 can exist, that one of the participating NC axes images the local minimum and/or local maximum of the profile cross section by a directional reversal.
  • a profile cross section is intentionally generated without standstill or directional reversal of one of the NC axes, in order to keep the deviations from the target geometry of the wheel profile cross section to be generated small.
  • a directional reversal of one of the NC axes, which generates the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller, can be avoided in that additional NC axes are used, the movements of which are superimposed to generate a dressing path.
  • a wheel profile cross section of a grinding wheel having a local minimum or a depression is to be dressed, this can be achieved according to the prior art by a two-dimensional dressing path, which identically traces the profile cross section in the plane of section.
  • the dressing path contains the local minimum of the profile cross section. If this dressing path is now traveled along using, for example, two linear axes arranged perpendicularly in relation to one another, one of these axes has to image the minimum of the dressing path by way of a directional reversal (cf. FIG. 1 ).
  • the dressing path of the grinding profile cross section which is dressable two-dimensionally per se, is embodied three-dimensionally, so that in addition a movement transversely in relation to the above-described plane of section takes place during the dressing.
  • the dressing path accordingly not only extends two-dimensionally in the radial and axial directions of the grinding wheel, but rather moreover also extends peripherally on the circumference around an angle range measured around the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel.
  • the wheel profile discussed here having local minimum can thus be traveled along, for example, with the aid of three linear axes along a dressing path without local minimum, so that none of the three linear axes passes through a directional reversal or comes to a standstill.
  • a profile of the grinding tool is dressable by a two-dimensional axial movement by means of two NC axes of a machine tool, wherein in addition a further third axis is used to carry out the dressing along a three-dimensional dressing path.
  • the grinding tool is a dressable grinding worm.
  • the accuracy in the dressing of the grinding worm can accordingly be improved with the aid of the methods presented herein.
  • the grinding worm has in at least some embodiments a grinding worm profile, the worm profile cross section of which comprises a plurality of local minima and/or local maxima, wherein at least one local minimum and/or one local maximum are dressed in a continuous pass.
  • minima and maxima of the relevant worm profile cross section are dressed, for example, without segmenting in the region of the minima or maxima, respectively.
  • one or more of the NC axes are linear axes, wherein each of the linear axes generating the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool in the rotating form dressing roller has an axial velocity, the absolute value of which is greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m/s, for example, greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ m/s.
  • the respective linear axis is thus prevented from coming into a state of static friction during the travel along the dressing path and/or while the dressing roller is in forming contact with the grinding tool. It is self-evident that the relevant linear axis is exclusively moved in one direction—i.e., without directional reversal—during the dressing and/or the travel along the dressing path in forming contact.
  • one or more of the NC axes are rotational axes or pivot axes, wherein each of the rotational axes or pivot axes generating the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller has a rotational velocity or pivot velocity, the absolute value of which is greater than or equal to 1*10-6°/s, for example, greater than or equal to 10*10-6°/s.
  • At least some embodiments can be implemented, for example, with the aid of three linear axes, which are arranged in accordance with a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • At least some embodiments can be implemented with the aid of linear axes which are arranged inclined and/or skewed, i.e., for example, are not arranged perpendicular to one another.
  • pivot and/or rotational axes can be used to implement the teaching presented herein.
  • each of the NC axes generating the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing tool has an axial velocity, the absolute value of which is greater than zero, wherein none of these NC axes carries out a directional reversal or comes to a standstill.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the fundamental problem of the present disclosure on the basis of two linear axes (prior art);
  • FIG. 2A schematically shows a grinding tool profile cross section of a grinding tool
  • FIG. 2B schematically shows a side view of the grinding tool from FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 2C schematically shows the grinding tool profile cross section from FIG. 2A having a dressing roller
  • FIG. 2D schematically shows a side view of the grinding tool from FIG. 2C having the dressing roller in two positions;
  • FIG. 2E schematically shows a further side view of the grinding tool from FIG. 2C having the dressing roller in two positions;
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a three-dimensional illustration of two dressing path profiles along a surface of the grinding tool.
  • FIG. 1 has already been discussed at the outset to disclose a fundamental problem.
  • a deviation 4 of the actual route 2 from the target route 1 can be avoided by avoiding a directional reversal of an NC axis—according to FIG. 1 the Y axis.
  • An implementation of the solution according to at least some embodiments means that the relevant grinding tool is dressed in such a manner that the target route does not have a local minimum for any of the participating NC axes in the Y direction and Z direction, although the profile cross section of the grinding wheel to be dressed has such a local minimum.
  • a solution to this problem is disclosed by way of example on the basis of FIGS. 2A-2E and FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 2A shows a grinding tool profile cross section 10 of a dressable grinding tool 12 .
  • the grinding tool profile cross section 10 shown here can be a portion of a part of a profile cross section of a grinding worm, the profile cross section of which extends in the positive and negative Z direction over a multiple of the portions shown in FIG. 2A .
  • the grinding tool profile cross section 10 shown here can be a portion of a profile cross section of a grinding wheel, which also extends further in the positive and negative Z direction beyond the portion shown in FIG. 2A .
  • the grinding tool profile cross section 10 shown here can be the profile cross section of a grinding wheel.
  • the coordinate axis (Z axis) identified with “Z” represents, on the one hand, a coordinate of the Cartesian coordinate system X, Y, Z shown in FIG. 2A .
  • “Z” represents an NC linear axis of a machine tool 14 , which enables a linear and/or translational movement of the grinding tool 12 along the coordinate direction “Z”. This applies similarly to the axes X and Y, so that the Cartesian coordinate system X, Y, Z is not to be understood solely as a virtual reference system, but rather is spanned by three NC linear axes X, Y, Z oriented perpendicularly to one another.
  • the grinding tool profile cross section has a local minimum 16 , which is illustrated in the side view according to FIG. 2B by the dashed circular line.
  • the form dressing roller 18 is typically moved two-dimensionally, i.e., exclusively within the Y-Z plane spanned by the Y axis and Z axis, specifically from a first contact point 20 , toward a second contact point 22 located in the minimum 16 , up to the contact point 24 .
  • the dressing path thus resulting which is indicated by the hollow arrows, therefore identically images the profile cross section of the grinding tool 12 in the Y-Z plane.
  • the linear axis Y passes through the described, disadvantageous directional reversal.
  • the dressing path represented by the hollow arrows and contact points 20 , 22 , 24 is therefore not according to disclosed methods.
  • the described dressing path represents a continuous pass along the profile of the grinding tool 12 and the contact points 20 , 22 , 24 are solely used as support points to illustrate the course of the continuous dressing path.
  • the relative movement could alternatively extend proceeding from the contact point 24 via the contact point 22 toward the contact point 20 .
  • a three-dimensional dressing path 26 is now used to dress the grinding tool 12 .
  • a movement in the X direction is additionally superimposed on the movement in the Y direction and Z direction.
  • a dressing path 26 which is represented by the solid arrows and the contact points 28 , 30 , 32 , does not comprise a local minimum.
  • the dressing path can therefore be traveled along continuously without directional reversal and standstill of one of the linear axes X, Y, Z, wherein nonetheless the local minimum of the profile cross section 10 is dressed in a continuous pass.
  • the form dressing roller 18 is additionally moved along a profile of the grinding wheel R(Z) in the circumferential direction of the grinding tool, as indicated by the angle ⁇ .
  • a method for dressing the grinding tool 12 by means of the machine tool 14 is therefore carried out, having the following method steps.
  • FIG. 2E illustrates three positions of the form dressing roller 18 , which the dressing path 26 assumes in the continuous forming contact with the grinding tool in an overview illustration.
  • FIG. 3 A comparison of a two-dimensional dressing path and the three-dimensional dressing path according to disclosed methods is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the form dressing roller is not shown in FIG. 3 to improve the comprehensibility.
  • the hollow circles and arrows again represent a two-dimensional dressing path along the shaded surface of the grinding tool 12 to be dressed and the solid circles and arrows represent the dressing path for carrying out methods disclosed herein.
  • R(z) is the radius of the grinding tool.
  • the dressing paths have been projected on the Y-Z plane and the X-Z plane. It is apparent that the Y axis for the two-dimensional dressing path has to carry out a directional reversal to approach point 24 from the point 22 . Furthermore, it is recognizable that no movement of the X axis is required for the two-dimensional dressing path.
  • the profile of the grinding tool 12 is therefore dressable in a two-dimensional movement.
  • the dressing path 26 is selected according to the filled circles 28 , 30 , 32 , wherein the dressing path 26 does not comprise a local minimum in its projection on the Y-Z plane and the X-Z plane.
  • Each of the participating linear axes X, Y, Z is therefore exclusively moved in one direction, so that the dressing path 26 is traveled along without standstill or directional change of one of the NC axes X, Y, Z generating the relative movement between the form dressing roller and the grinding tool.
  • the method can be implemented with the aid of linear axes which are arranged inclined and/or skewed in relation to one another, i.e., for example, are not arranged perpendicularly to one another.
  • pivot and/or rotational axes can be used.
  • each of the NC axes generating the relative movement between the rotating grinding tool and the rotating form dressing roller has an axial velocity, the absolute value of which is greater than zero, wherein none of these NC axes carries out a directional reversal or comes to a standstill.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
US16/795,917 2019-02-20 2020-02-20 Method for dressing a grinding tool Abandoned US20200262028A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19158274.1 2019-02-20
EP19158274.1A EP3698919B1 (de) 2019-02-20 2019-02-20 Verfahren zum abrichten eines schleifwerkzeugs

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US20200262028A1 true US20200262028A1 (en) 2020-08-20

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US16/795,917 Abandoned US20200262028A1 (en) 2019-02-20 2020-02-20 Method for dressing a grinding tool

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CH (1) CH715886A2 (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5573449A (en) * 1994-03-16 1996-11-12 The Gleason Works Threaded grinding wheel, method of dressing, and grinding a workpiece therewith
US5954568A (en) * 1996-05-14 1999-09-21 Reishauer Ag Method, tool and device for the profiling of grinding worms for continuous gear grinding
US6146253A (en) * 1996-04-23 2000-11-14 Mcdonnell Douglas Helicopter Company Apparatus and method for precision grinding face gear
US8147296B2 (en) * 2007-04-27 2012-04-03 Kapp Gmbh Method and grinding machine for dressing of a grinding tool
US20120184187A1 (en) * 2009-07-27 2012-07-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for machining internally toothed gear and method for dressing tool used for same
US8882564B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2014-11-11 Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Gear grinding machine and method of dressing a grinding tool

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61136769A (ja) * 1984-12-05 1986-06-24 Ooiwa Giken:Kk 木工用ｎｃル−タにおける研削砥石の成形方法およびその成形装置
JP5586409B2 (ja) * 2010-10-08 2014-09-10 Ｎｔｎ株式会社 ドレッシング装置
JP5608623B2 (ja) * 2011-10-03 2014-10-15 株式会社アライドマテリアル ロータリードレッサおよびその製造方法
JP5996362B2 (ja) * 2012-10-17 2016-09-21 株式会社ジェイテクト 円筒研削盤

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5573449A (en) * 1994-03-16 1996-11-12 The Gleason Works Threaded grinding wheel, method of dressing, and grinding a workpiece therewith
US6146253A (en) * 1996-04-23 2000-11-14 Mcdonnell Douglas Helicopter Company Apparatus and method for precision grinding face gear
US5954568A (en) * 1996-05-14 1999-09-21 Reishauer Ag Method, tool and device for the profiling of grinding worms for continuous gear grinding
US8147296B2 (en) * 2007-04-27 2012-04-03 Kapp Gmbh Method and grinding machine for dressing of a grinding tool
US8882564B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2014-11-11 Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Gear grinding machine and method of dressing a grinding tool
US20120184187A1 (en) * 2009-07-27 2012-07-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for machining internally toothed gear and method for dressing tool used for same

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EP3698919A1 (de) 2020-08-26
CH715886A2 (de) 2020-08-31
EP3698919B1 (de) 2024-05-08

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