US20200254502A1 - Unitary expanded metal mesh having linear down-roll strands - Google Patents

Unitary expanded metal mesh having linear down-roll strands Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200254502A1
US20200254502A1 US15/776,231 US201615776231A US2020254502A1 US 20200254502 A1 US20200254502 A1 US 20200254502A1 US 201615776231 A US201615776231 A US 201615776231A US 2020254502 A1 US2020254502 A1 US 2020254502A1
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metal mesh
sheet
unitary
roll direction
expanded metal
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US15/776,231
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Larry S. Hebert
Michael D. Swan
Scott A. Boyd
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to US15/776,231 priority Critical patent/US20200254502A1/en
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Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
    • B21D31/04—Expanding other than provided for in groups B21D1/00 - B21D28/00, e.g. for making expanded metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B21D47/01—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars
    • B21D47/02—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars by expanding

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a unitary expanded metal mesh having linear down-roll metal strands and thus enhanced tensile strength in the down-roll direction; having, in some embodiments, uninterrupted linear down-roll metal strands for unlimited length.
  • expanded metal mesh is produced from rolls of metal sheet by a repeating process of simultaneously cutting and bending the sheet near its leading edge with a tool positioned perpendicular to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet, i.e., parallel to the cross-sheet direction.
  • the tool includes numerous projections of a triangular or arcuate shape, extending orthogonal to the sheet.
  • the sheet is borne on a supporting surface including at its front edge a stationary cutting edge that works in tandem with the tool to cut the sheet. As the tool is brought down on the sheet near its leading edge, a slit is cut in the sheet by each projection.
  • each projection bends downward a thin strand of metal bordering each slit, such that the strand bulges in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the metal sheet.
  • the tool leaves a node of metal uncut between each strand.
  • the sheet is advanced and the process repeated, however the tool is shifted between two alternate positions with each stroke.
  • the nodes of the first position are centered in the slits of the second position and vice-versa. In some cases, it is the tool that remains stationary and the position of the sheet is shifted between two alternate positions with each stroke.
  • the resulting mesh 310 of expanded metal includes voids 320 having the general shape of a parallelogram, i.e., diamond-shaped (or potentially square), with a major axis 322 perpendicular to the down-roll direction of the sheet 390 and a minor axis 324 parallel to the down-roll direction of the sheet 390 .
  • the voids are bounded by diagonal metal strands 330 , which are oriented diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet 390 .
  • the diagonal metal strands 330 meet at nodes 340 .
  • the present disclosure provides a unitary expanded metal mesh having a down-roll direction, the mesh comprising: a) linear strands that are substantially parallel to the down-roll direction; and b) cross strands which meet the linear strands at nodes; wherein the unitary expanded metal mesh is greater than 3.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction.
  • the linear strands are parallel to the down-roll direction to a tolerance of +/ ⁇ 10 degrees of angle over the length of the mesh; in some the linear strands are parallel to the down-roll direction to a net tolerance of +/ ⁇ 10 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh is greater than 8.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction and in some greater than 900.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh comprises copper, tin, gold, silver, nickel, zinc, iron, aluminum or alloys thereof.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh has a thickness of less than 1.800 mm and greater than 0.010 mm.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh has an average distance between nodes measured along linear strands of less than 4.000 cm and greater than 0.030 cm.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh is a unitary stretched-expanded metal mesh. Additional embodiments of the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure are described below under “Selected Embodiments.”
  • the present disclosure provides a composite material comprising: c) the unitary expanded metal mesh according to the present disclosure; and d) a polymeric matrix.
  • the polymeric matrix may be an uncured curable resin, a partially cured curable resin, a cured curable resin, a thermoset resin, or an epoxy resin.
  • the composite material may additionally comprising one or both of: e) a woven fiber scrim; or f) a non-woven fiber scrim.
  • the composite material may be a sheet material having a thickness of less than 6.00 mm and greater than 0.020 mm. Additional embodiments of the composite material of the present disclosure are described below under “Selected Embodiments.”
  • the present disclosure provides a method of making a unitary expanded metal mesh according to the present disclosure comprising the steps of: g) providing a metal sheet having a down-roll direction; h) simultaneously cutting the metal sheet near its leading edge and bending strands of the metal of the sheet by use of a tool positioned at a diagonal to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet, wherein the cutting comprises cutting a row of slits separated by gaps in the sheet, and wherein the bending comprises bending downward a thin strand of metal of the sheet bordering each slit such that the strand bulges in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the metal sheet; i) advancing the metal sheet in the down-roll direction; and j) repeating step h), such that the gaps in adjacent rows of slits fall in a line substantially parallel to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet.
  • the tool comprises a plurality of projections extending in a direction orthogonal to the sheet.
  • the projections are of a triangular or arcuate shape extending in a direction orthogonal to the sheet.
  • the row of slits is a row of parallel slits.
  • the row of slits is a row of co-linear slits.
  • the tool is shifted, relative to the lateral position of the sheet, between two alternate positions with each repetition of step h). In other embodiments, the tool is not shifted, relative to the lateral position of the sheet, between repetitions of step h).
  • the step of providing a metal sheet comprises providing a roll of metal sheet having a down-roll direction parallel to the long side of the rolled metal sheet; and in such cases the method is typically a continuous process by roll. Additional embodiments of the methods of the present disclosure are described below under “Selected Embodiments.”
  • the present disclosure provides a method of making a unitary expanded metal mesh according to the present disclosure comprising the steps of: p) providing a metal sheet having a down-roll direction; q) slitting the sheet to form a slit metal sheet bearing a plurality of rows of slits separated by gaps, wherein the rows of slits are oriented at a diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet and wherein the gaps in adjacent rows of slits fall in a line substantially parallel to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet; and r) stretching the slit metal sheet in a direction not parallel to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet to form the unitary expanded metal mesh.
  • the row of slits is a row of parallel slits. In some embodiments, the row of slits is a row of co-linear slits. In some embodiments, the step of providing a metal sheet comprises providing a roll of metal sheet having a down-roll direction parallel to the long side of the rolled metal sheet; and in such cases the method is typically a continuous process by roll. Additional embodiments of the methods of the present disclosure are described below under “Selected Embodiments.”
  • the present disclosure provides a unitary metal mesh having a down-roll direction, the mesh comprising: a) linear strands that are substantially parallel to the down-roll direction; and b) cross strands which meet the linear strands at nodes; wherein the unitary metal mesh is greater than 3.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction and in some embodiments greater than 900.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction. Additional embodiments of the unitary metal mesh of the present disclosure are described below under “Selected Embodiments.”
  • the unitary metal mesh having linear down-roll metal strands—in some embodiments uninterrupted linear down-roll metal strands for unlimited length—and thus enhanced tensile strength in the down-roll direction.
  • the unitary metal mesh provided in the present disclosure has great utility in automated applications that use long continuous roll materials, such as automated fiber placement and automated tape lay up.
  • unitary excludes items formed by joining two or more articles.
  • a woven metal mesh such as a window screen is not unitary since it is formed by joining multiple sets of wires, nor would any mesh derived therefrom be unitary.
  • the term “expanded mesh” excludes a mesh formed by perforating a sheet or otherwise cutting a sheet to form holes by removing material.
  • the “expanded mesh” of the present disclosure is limited to a “stretch-expanded mesh,” meaning a mesh or portion thereof formed by cutting and stretching a sheet or portion thereof so as to increase its area and form a mesh.
  • continuous process by roll means a process that is operated continuously from the loading of roll good raw materials until at least one of the roll good raw materials is expended.
  • FIG. 1 is an expanded metal mesh according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein 190 indicates the down-roll direction of the sheet.
  • FIG. 2 is a slit metal foil useful in certain embodiments of Method II of the present disclosure, wherein 290 indicates the down-roll direction of the sheet.
  • FIG. 3 is a prior art expanded metal mesh, wherein 390 indicates the down-roll direction of the sheet.
  • the present disclosure provides a unitary expanded metal mesh having linear down-roll metal strands.
  • the mesh has enhanced tensile strength in the down-roll direction.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh includes uninterrupted linear down-roll metal strands for unlimited length.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh is provided as a roll good or incorporated in a roll good, and in many such embodiments the length of uninterrupted linear down-roll metal strands in the mesh is limited only by roll length.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure is particularly useful in applications that use long continuous roll materials, such as automated fiber placement and automated tape lay up, and can be supplied in rolls of 1000 meters length or more.
  • one embodiment of the unitary expanded metal mesh 110 of the present disclosure includes voids 120 having the general shape of a parallelogram, i.e., diamond-shaped (or potentially square), with a major axis 122 diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 , i.e., neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 ; and a minor axis 124 diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 , i.e., neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 .
  • voids 120 having the general shape of a parallelogram, i.e., diamond-shaped (or potentially square), with a major axis 122 diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 , i.e., neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 ; and a minor axis 124 diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 , i.e., neither parallel
  • the voids are bounded by linear strands 135 , which are oriented generally parallel to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 , and cross strands 130 , which are oriented diagonal to or perpendicular to the down-roll direction of the sheet 190 .
  • the linear strands 135 and cross strands 130 meet at nodes 140 .
  • linear strands 135 are uninterrupted down-roll strands of unlimited length, i.e., limited in length only by the roll length of the mesh.
  • the linear strands are substantially parallel to the down-roll direction.
  • “parallel to the down-roll direction” refers to orientation in the general plane of the sheet or mesh (“left and right”), and disregards out-of-plane variation (“up and down”).
  • the linear strands are parallel to the down-roll direction to a tolerance of +/ ⁇ 10 degrees of angle over the mesh length; in some embodiments the tolerance is less.
  • the net variation from parallel of the linear strands is small over long runs, such that individual linear strands run for very long lengths within the mesh.
  • the net variation from parallel of the linear strands is cumulatively positive or negative, such that individual linear strands initiate at one edge of the mesh and terminate at the other edge over a given length of mesh, typically at least 3.00 meters, more typically at least 4.00 meters, more typically at least 6.00 meters, more typically at least 8.00 meters, and more typically at least 12.00 meters.
  • the linear strands are parallel to the down-roll direction to a net tolerance of +/ ⁇ 10 degrees of angle, being the departure from parallel summed over the entire mesh length; in some embodiments the tolerance is less.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure is provided as a roll good having a length of greater than 3.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 4.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 6.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 8.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 12.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 22.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 52.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 520.00 meters, in some embodiments greater than 900.00 meters, and in some embodiments greater than 1400.00 meters.
  • the expanded metal mesh is unitary throughout the length of the roll, without any splices or seams.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure is incorporated in a composite material, which is in some embodiments a sheet material.
  • the composite includes the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure and a polymeric matrix.
  • Suitable polymeric matrices may include thermoplastic resins, uncured curable resins, partially cured or B-staged curable resins, cured curable resins, thermoset resins, and in some embodiments epoxy resins. Additional components of the composite material may include woven fiber scrims, non-woven fiber scrims, filler particles, pigments, and the like.
  • tapes of a composite of epoxy resin matrix and unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure are capable of bearing a peak load more than 2.5 times greater than a tapes of a composite of the same epoxy resin matrix and a prior art expanded metal mesh, such as depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure may be made by any suitable method, including methods I, Ib and II described herein.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure is produced from rolls of metal sheet by a repeating process of simultaneously cutting and bending the sheet near its leading edge with a tool positioned at a diagonal to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet.
  • the tool includes numerous projections, typically of a triangular or arcuate shape, extending orthogonal to the sheet. The projections are typically parallel to each other and more typically co-linear.
  • the sheet is borne on a supporting surface including at its front edge a stationary cutting edge that works in tandem with the tool to cut the sheet, and is therefore also positioned at a diagonal to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet, in parallel with the tool.
  • each projection bends downward a thin strand of metal bordering each slit, such that the strand bulges in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the metal sheet.
  • the tool leaves a node of metal uncut between each strand.
  • the sheet is advanced and the process repeated. Nodes of adjacent rows must fall in a line substantially parallel to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet.
  • the tool is shifted between two alternate positions with each stroke.
  • the nodes of the first position are centered in the slits of the second position and vice-versa.
  • neither the tool nor the sheet is shifted between alternate positions. Instead, they remain in a single position relative to each other, excepting the down-roll movement of the sheet.
  • the tool is not shifted, relative to the lateral position of the sheet (i.e., cross-sheet), between strokes.
  • the positioning is chosen such that, with repeating strokes, the nodes of adjacent rows fall in a line substantially parallel to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet.
  • the production mechanism is simplified, capital expense can be reduced and line speed increased by eliminating the need to shift the tool (or sheet) between alternate positions.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure is produced from rolls of metal sheet 210 by first slitting the sheet with rows of slits 250 oriented at a diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet 290 .
  • Slits 250 of each row are typically parallel to each other and more typically co-linear.
  • nodes 240 of the unitary expanded metal mesh are gaps between slits.
  • the nodes 240 of adjacent rows of slits fall in a line substantially parallel to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet.
  • Slitting can be accomplished by any suitable method, including without limitation rotary cutting, laser cutting, and the like.
  • the slit sheet is stretched in a direction perpendicular to the down-roll direction of the sheet 290 or diagonal to the down-roll direction of the sheet 290 but not parallel to slits 250 , such that the slits open to form voids having the general shape of a parallelogram and the width of the sheet is increased.
  • the stretching step may be accomplished by any suitable method.
  • a unitary metal mesh (i.e., not expanded), similar in some respects to the unitary expanded metal mesh according to the present disclosure may be made by perforating, rotary cutting, die cutting or laser cutting a metal sheet with numerous holes. In some embodiments, these holes are generally in the shape of a parallelogram, as discussed above.
  • This method does not increase the area of the metal sheet and generates scrap metal, in the form of a great number of very small pieces, which comprise a large proportion of the original weight of the metal sheet, in many cases more than half the original weight. This method has practical limitations that increase the difficulty of achieving high area coverage, low density, and low strand thickness.
  • methods of making the unitary expanded metal mesh of the present disclosure may additionally comprise steps of flattening, plating, and slitting. Any number of these additional steps may be performed, in any suitable order.
  • Flattening may be accomplished by any suitable method, including without limitation pressing, calendaring and hammering, with application of heat or without application of heat.
  • Plating may be accomplished by any suitable method, including without limitation electroplating, electroless plating, chemical plating, and the like.
  • Slitting may be accomplished by any suitable method, including without limitation the use of cutting tools, blades, lasers, and the like.
  • unitary expanded metal mesh is greater than 3.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction.
  • M8. The unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M2 wherein the tolerance is +/ ⁇ 2 degrees of angle over the length of the mesh.
  • M9. The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of embodiments M1-M8 wherein the linear strands are parallel to the down-roll direction to a net tolerance of +/ ⁇ 10 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 6 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • M12 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 5 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • M13 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 4 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • M14. The unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 3 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • M15 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 2 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • M16 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 2 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • M29 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the linear strands and cross strands form a repeating pattern of voids.
  • M30 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the linear strands and cross strands form a repeating pattern of voids substantially in the shape of parallelograms.
  • M31 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to embodiment M30 wherein the parallelograms have a major axis not parallel or perpendicular to the down-roll direction and the parallelograms have a minor axis not parallel or perpendicular to the down-roll direction.
  • M32 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising copper.
  • M33 The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising copper.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising tin. M34.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising bronze.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising gold.
  • M36. The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising silver.
  • M37. The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising nickel.
  • M38. The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising zinc. M39.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising iron.
  • M40. The unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising aluminum. M41.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having a thickness of less than 0.200 mm. M48.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having a thickness of less than 0.040 mm. M49.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having a thickness of less than 0.020 mm. M50.
  • the unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having an average distance between nodes measured along linear strands of less than 4.000 cm.
  • a composite material comprising:
  • C14 The composite material according to embodiment C13, wherein the non-woven fiber scrim comprises glass fiber.
  • C15 The composite material according to any of embodiments C13-C14, wherein the non-woven fiber scrim comprises ceramic fiber.
  • C16 The composite material according to any of embodiments C13-C15, wherein the non-woven fiber scrim comprises carbon fiber.
  • C17 The composite material according to any of embodiments C13-C16, wherein the non-woven fiber scrim comprises polymer fiber.
  • C18 The composite material according to any of embodiments C1-C17, which is a sheet material having a thickness of less than 6.00 mm.
  • C19 The composite material according to any of embodiments C1-C17, which is a sheet material having a thickness of less than 3.00 mm.
  • PA1 A method of making a unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of embodiments M1-M57 comprising the steps of:
  • step h) repeating step h), such that the gaps in adjacent rows of slits fall in a line substantially parallel to the down-roll direction of the metal sheet.
  • PA2 The method according to embodiment PA1 wherein the tool comprises a plurality of projections extending in a direction orthogonal to the sheet. PA3. The method according to embodiment PA2 wherein the projections are of a triangular or arcuate shape extending in a direction orthogonal to the sheet. PA4. The method according to any of embodiments PA1-PA3 wherein the tool is shifted, relative to the lateral position of the sheet, between two alternate positions with each repetition of step h).
  • PA5 The method according to any of embodiments PA1-PA3 wherein the tool is not shifted, relative to the lateral position of the sheet, between repetitions of step h).
  • PA6 The method according to any of embodiments PA1-PA5 wherein the row of slits is a row of parallel slits.
  • PA7 The method according to any of embodiments PA1-PA5 wherein the row of slits is a row of co-linear slits.
  • PA8 The method according to any of embodiments PA1-PA7 wherein the step of providing a metal sheet having a down-roll direction comprises providing a roll of metal sheet having a down-roll direction parallel to the long side of the rolled metal sheet.
  • PA9. The method according to embodiment PA8 which is a continuous process by roll.
  • PA10 The method according to any of embodiments PA8-PA9 wherein the roll of metal sheet has a length of greater than 120.00 meters.
  • PA11 The method according to any of embodiments PA8-PA9 wherein the roll of metal sheet has a length of greater than 520.00 meters.
  • PB1 A method of making a unitary expanded metal mesh according to any of embodiments M1-M57 compris
  • the unitary metal mesh according to embodiment PM9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 6 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • PM12 The unitary metal mesh according to embodiment PM9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 5 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • PM13 The unitary metal mesh according to embodiment PM9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 4 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to embodiment PM9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 3 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • PM15 The unitary metal mesh according to embodiment PM9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 2 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • PM16 The unitary metal mesh according to embodiment PM9 wherein the net tolerance is +/ ⁇ 2 degrees of angle summed over the entire length of the mesh.
  • PM21 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the unitary metal mesh is greater than 520.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction.
  • PM22 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the unitary metal mesh is greater than 900.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction.
  • PM23. The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the unitary metal mesh is greater than 1400.00 meters in length measured in the down-roll direction.
  • PM24 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments which is a roll having a length of greater than 520.00 meters.
  • PM25 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments which is a roll having a length of greater than 900.00 meters.
  • PM26 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments which is a roll having a length of greater than 1400.00 meters.
  • PM27 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the unitary metal mesh is greater than 1.00 meter in width measured perpendicular to the down-roll direction.
  • PM28 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the unitary metal mesh is greater than 2.00 meters in width measured perpendicular to the down-roll direction.
  • PM29 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the unitary metal mesh is greater than 2.00 meters in width measured perpendicular to the down-roll direction.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising tin. PM34.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising bronze.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising gold.
  • PM36. The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising silver.
  • PM37. The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising nickel.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising zinc. PM39.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising iron.
  • PM40. The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising aluminum.
  • PM41. The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments which is plated with nickel.
  • PM42 The unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments which is plated with zinc. PM43.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having a thickness of less than 0.040 mm. PM49.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having a thickness of less than 0.020 mm. PM50.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having a thickness of greater than 0.010 mm. PM51.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of embodiments PM1-PM49 having a thickness of greater than 0.030 mm. PM52.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having an average distance between nodes measured along linear strands of less than 4.000 cm. PM53.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having an average distance between nodes measured along linear strands of less than 0.900 cm. PM54.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having an average distance between nodes measured along linear strands of less than 0.450 cm. PM55.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having an average distance between nodes measured along linear strands of less than 0.200 cm. PM56.
  • the unitary metal mesh according to any of the preceding embodiments having an average distance between nodes measured along linear strands of greater than 0.030 cm.

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