US20200017364A1 - Halide ABX3 perovskite particles and their application in controlling photo-flux - Google Patents
Halide ABX3 perovskite particles and their application in controlling photo-flux Download PDFInfo
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- US20200017364A1 US20200017364A1 US16/033,556 US201816033556A US2020017364A1 US 20200017364 A1 US20200017364 A1 US 20200017364A1 US 201816033556 A US201816033556 A US 201816033556A US 2020017364 A1 US2020017364 A1 US 2020017364A1
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- C01G21/00—Compounds of lead
- C01G21/006—Compounds containing, besides lead, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D17/00—Rubidium, caesium or francium compounds
- C01D17/003—Compounds of alkali metals
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- C01D17/00—Rubidium, caesium or francium compounds
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- C01G17/006—Compounds containing, besides germanium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G17/00—Compounds of germanium
- C01G17/04—Halides of germanium
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- C01G19/00—Compounds of tin
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- C01G21/00—Compounds of lead
- C01G21/16—Halides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/169—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on orientable non-spherical particles having a common optical characteristic, e.g. suspended particles of reflective metal flakes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
- G02F1/172—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/34—Three-dimensional structures perovskite-type (ABO3)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/16—Nanowires or nanorods, i.e. solid nanofibres with two nearly equal dimensions between 1-100 nanometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/36—Micro- or nanomaterials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention is related to ABX 3 perovskite particles and a light valve, more specifically is related to the halide ABX 3 perovskite particles and a light control valve that can control the light transmission, and such a device is preferably used for windows, lenses, or a light shutter such as a sunroof.
- a device is preferably used for windows, lenses, or a light shutter such as a sunroof.
- the spectacular multifunctional smart windows exhibit promising features for a wide range of applications in buildings, airplanes, automobiles, etc.
- the present invention provides a new use for halide ABX 3 perovskite material.
- a light valve is a device that can regulate the amount of light passing through a media like a water valve that can control the water flow. Window shade can be viewed as a light valve too.
- the light valve is referred a device which can electronically control the light transmittance, and such a device is also scientifically referred as electrochromic device.
- electrochromic device Depending on science behind an electrochromic device, it can be further classified as polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) (U.S. patent U.S. Pat. No. 3,585,381), electrochemical device (EC) (U.S.
- PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
- EC electrochemical device
- the light valve (LV for short hereafter) is referred a device which the light transmittance can be controlled by alternating current (AC).
- AC alternating current
- Perovskite the name of the perovskite, was originated from the Russian geologist Perovski and originally single-pointed the calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ) mineral. Later, crystals with similar structures were collectively referred to as perovskites.
- the cell structure of the ABX 3 perovskite referred to in this patent is shown in the FIG. 3 . where ‘A’ and ‘B’ are two cations of very different sizes, and ‘X’ is an anion that bonds to both.
- ‘A’ is an alkaline cation or organic ammonium, which has a positive charge
- ‘B’ is a transition metal cation or an alkaline earth cation, which has two positive charges
- ‘X’ is a halide anion, which has a negative charge.
- ‘B’ cation and 6 ‘X’ anions form octahedral units, and 8 octahedral units occupy the position of the hexahedral apex centered on the ‘A’ cation.
- This kind of material has a unique structure, giving it excellent optical, electrical, magnetic and thermodynamic properties, and is attracting increasingly studied recently in many applications.
- the ABX 3 perovskite material was first reported for solar cells (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 6050-6051, 2009). “Science” rated perovskite solar cells as one of the top 10 scientific breakthroughs in 2013. In January 2018, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne sets new 23.25% the world record efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
- the ABX 3 perovskite material has potential applications in LED (Light Emitting Diodes) (Nature nanotechnology, 9: 687-692, 2014), lasers (Nature Mater., 14: 636-642, 2015), photodetectors (Adv. Materials, 30(8):1704333, 2018), memristors (Advanced Electronic Materials, 2(7): 1600100, 2016).
- the present invention provides ABX 3 perovskite particles and its application in a light valve, and discloses a new application filed of the ABX 3 perovskite material.
- This invention presents the method to use ABX 3 perovskite particles to control the flux of light in a light control device, or referred as a light valve.
- the present invention provides a new use of the ABX 3 perovskite material, and method to make such a material.
- the present invention further provides a light valve, comprising a liquid suspension having such a material of ABX 3 perovskite material, which can electronically control transmission of light.
- the ABX 3 perovskite particles A is at least one of Cs + , CH3NH 3 + , and Rb + , B is at least one of Pb 2+ , Ge 2+ , and Sn 2 ⁇ , and X is at least one of Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , and I ⁇ .
- This halide ABX 3 perovskite is characterized in that have a non-spherical morphology.
- the feature is that the halide ABX 3 perovskite particles morphology is at least one of nanowires, nanorods (one-dimensional); nanosheets (two-dimensional); cuboids, irregular (three-dimensional) particles.
- the liquid suspension which is used as a liquid medium to suspend the ABX 3 perovskite particles, comprises one or more a mineral resistive oil, a synthetic resistive oil, and a vegetable oil.
- the said transparent electrode ( 100 ) can be made of the same material or different materials, where light can be transmitted through, preferably having a light transmittance equals to or greater than 80%.
- FIG. 1 presents schematically the light controlling device, wherein, a liquid suspension ( 300 ) is sandwiched between two transparent substrates ( 100 ) and ( 100 ).
- the halide ABX 3 perovskite particles ( 200 ) are suspended in the liquid suspension ( 300 ).
- FIG. 2 presents light transmittance of a light valve (LV) device made according to this invention Example 6 before and after applying an electric voltage of 220V.
- LV light valve
- FIG. 3 presents the cell structure of the ABX 3 perovskite.
- the present invention provides a new form of halide ABX 3 perovskite particles and the method to use them to control the flux of light in a light control device, or referred as a light valve.
- FIG. 1 presents schematically the light controlling device, wherein, a liquid suspension ( 300 ) is sandwiched between two transparent substrates ( 100 ) and ( 100 ).
- the halide ABX 3 perovskite particles ( 200 ) are suspended in the liquid suspension ( 300 ).
- the halide ABX 3 perovskite particles in the liquid suspension assume random positions due to Brownian movement. Hence, a beam of light passing into the light valve is absorbed/scattered. The light valve is thus relatively dark in the OFF state.
- the light control halide ABX 3 perovskite particles When an electric field is applied thereto (ON state), the light control halide ABX 3 perovskite particles are polarized, thereby being arranged in directions parallel to each other in accordance with the electric field, and most of the light can pass through the cell.
- the light valve is thus relatively transparent in the ON state.
- the present invention provides a new use of the ABX 3 perovskite particles, and method to make such a material.
- the present invention further provides a light valve, comprising a liquid suspension having such a material of ABX 3 perovskite particles, which can electronically control transmission of light.
- the ABX 3 perovskite particles A is at least one of Cs + , CH3NH 3 + , and Rb + , B is at least one of Pb 2+ , Ge 2+ , and Sn 2+ , and X is at least one of Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , and I ⁇ .
- Sill more preferably, A is at least one of Cs + and CH3NH 3 + , B is Pb 2+ , X is at least one of Br ⁇ and I ⁇ .
- the halide ABX 3 perovskite particles are characterized in that have a non-spherical morphology.
- the feature is that the halide ABX 3 perovskite particles morphology is at least one of the nanowires, nanorods (one-dimensional); nanosheets (two-dimensional); cuboids, irregular (three-dimensional) particles.
- the said ABX 3 perovskite particles ( 200 ) which are encapsulated inside the said liquid suspension ( 300 ) shall be capable of re-orientating themselves in an electronic field.
- the ABX 3 perovskite particles are preferably in a form of nanorods having an average length of about 50 nm-2000 nm, more preferably 200 nm-500 nm, and an average diameter of 20 nm-200 nm, more preferably 50 nm-100 nm.
- the liquid suspension ( 300 ) which is used as a liquid medium to suspend the ABX 3 perovskite particles, comprises one or more non-aqueous, electrically resistive liquids.
- a liquid or a liquid mixture referring as the suspension medium, can maintain the suspended ABX 3 perovskite particles in gravitational equilibrium.
- the liquid suspension ( 300 ) comprises one or more a mineral resistive oil, a synthetic resistive oil and a vegetable oil.
- Mineral resistive oils such as transformer oils
- synthetic resistive oils such as silicone oils, fluorocarbon organic compounds, plasticizers (such as dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, triisodecyl trimellitate (TDTM), dodecylbenzene, polybutene oil
- vegetable oils such as castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil
- the liquid suspension medium used in the light valve of the present invention can be any liquid light valve suspension known in the art and can be formulated according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the said transparent electrode ( 100 ) can be made of the same material or different materials, where light can be transmitted through, preferably having a light transmittance equals to or greater than 80%, more preferably 90%.
- Either the said transparent electrode ( 100 ) can be ITO conductive glass, ITO/PET conductive film, Ag nanowire/PET conductive film, Cu nanowire/PET conductive film.
- the transparent electrode ( 100 ) are preferred to be of the same material for the simplicity of processing and for the same physical properties (such as flexibility and thermal expansion), important for device durability under certain conditions, such as thermal stress.
- the two transparent electrodes sandwiched by the liquid suspension are sealed with a resistive material, such as epoxy resin, etc., which can be used to seal the sealing material around the two transparent electrodes.
- the light valve is driven by alternating current to adjust light transmittance, preferably 5-500V alternating current.
- N, N-dimethylformamide (100 mL, DMF) and PbI 2 2.306 (5 mmol) were loaded into a 250 mL flask.
- Acetate acid 4.654 g (77.5 mmol) and dodecylamine 0.797 g (4.3 mmol) were added.
- 5 mL Cs-Oleate solution was added (prepared as described Example 1). Then, the hybrid solution was added into a 5 L flask along with 4200 mL toluene.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 2, only 1.835 g of PbBr 2 was used instead of 2.306 g of PbI 2 .
- a toluene mixture containing CsPbBr 3 is referring as LCP-Example-3.
- TDTM triisodecyltrimellitate
- LCP-Example-2 prepared in the Example 2 was added in portions.
- toluene was subsequently removed by a rotary evaporator for 3 hours at 80° C. to yield a LV suspension containing CsPbI 3 referred as LV Suspension Example-4.
- Example-5 In the 250 ml round bottom glass flask was weighted 15 g of silicone oil, and the LCP-Example-3 prepared in the Example 3 was added in portions. After thoroughly mixing by shaking, toluene was subsequently removed by a rotary evaporator for 3 hours at 80° C. to yield a LV suspension containing CsPbBr 3 referred as LV Suspension Example-5.
- Example 6 LV Devices Made from LV Suspension-Example-4
- a wet thickness of 200 um of the LV Suspension-Example 4 made in Example 4 was sealed between two transparent electrodes of ITO conductive glass using epoxy resin to produce a light valve referring as LV Device-6.
- LV Device-6 When no electric voltage is applied (OFF State), LV Device-6 exhibits an orange tint and light transmission is measured to be 4.7%.
- OFF State When it was electrically activated using 220 Volts AC at 50 Hz (ON State), the LV Device-6 turns clearer and light transmission is measured to be 25.6%.
- FIG. 2 presents the absorption spectrum of LV Device-6 at OFF state and ON state respectively.
- Example 7 LV Devices Made from LV Suspension-Example-5
- a wet thickness of 180 um of the LV Suspension-Example 5 made in Example 5 was sealed between two transparent electrodes of ITO conductive glass using epoxy resin to produce a light valve referring as LV Device-7.
- LV Device-7 When no electric voltage is applied (OFF State), LV Device-7 exhibits an orange tint and light transmission is measured to be 6.4%.
- OFF State When it was electrically activated using 220 Volts AC at 50 Hz (ON State), the LV Device-7 turns clearer and light transmission is measured to be 30.2%.
- U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 1. U.S. Pat. No. 3,585,381 Theodore L Hodson et al., 1969 2. U.S. Pat. No. 9,581,877 John David Bass et al., 2015 3. U.S. Pat. No. 6,606,185 Robert L. Saxe, 2001 NON U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 1. J. Am. Chem. Soc., A. Kojima et al., 2009 131: 6050-6051 2. Nature Nanotechnology, Tan, Zhi-Kuang, et al., 2014 9: 687-692 3. Nature Mater., 14: 636-642 Haiming Zhu, et al., 2015 4. Adv. Mater., 30(8): 1704333 Zhenqian Yang, et al., 2018 5. Advanced Electronic Materials, Zhengguo Xiao, et al., 2016 2: 1600100
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US16/033,556 US20200017364A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Halide ABX3 perovskite particles and their application in controlling photo-flux |
CN201980003455.XA CN111133360B (zh) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-09 | 卤化物abx3钙钛矿颗粒及其在控制光通量中的应用 |
JP2020540329A JP7064005B2 (ja) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-09 | ハライドabx3ペロブスカイト粒子及びその光フラックス制御への用途 |
US17/044,318 US11053132B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-09 | Light valve comprising halide ABX3 perovskite particles |
PCT/CN2019/095218 WO2020011150A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-09 | Halide abx3 perovskite particles and their application in controlling photo-flux |
EP19817926.9A EP3721282B1 (de) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-09 | Halogenid-abx3 -perowskit-teilchen und ihre anwendung bei der steuerung von photostrom |
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US16/033,556 US20200017364A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Halide ABX3 perovskite particles and their application in controlling photo-flux |
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US17/044,318 Active US11053132B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-09 | Light valve comprising halide ABX3 perovskite particles |
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EP (1) | EP3721282B1 (de) |
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US20200225523A1 (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-16 | Wing Tak Lee Silicone Rubber Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd | Multi-color smart pdlc film and in-vehicle smart film structure |
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JP2007283676A (ja) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-11-01 | Fuji Seal International Inc | 発泡樹脂シートの製造方法 |
CN113703242B (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2022-11-01 | 燕山大学 | 一种电化学变色器件 |
CN114839760A (zh) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-02 | 深圳市华科创智技术有限公司 | 一种光阀及其制备方法 |
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JP4005292B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-18 | 2007-11-07 | フジノン株式会社 | 照明光学系およびこれを用いた投射型表示装置 |
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2018
- 2018-07-12 US US16/033,556 patent/US20200017364A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2019
- 2019-07-09 WO PCT/CN2019/095218 patent/WO2020011150A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-07-09 CN CN201980003455.XA patent/CN111133360B/zh active Active
- 2019-07-09 EP EP19817926.9A patent/EP3721282B1/de active Active
- 2019-07-09 US US17/044,318 patent/US11053132B2/en active Active
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Cited By (2)
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US20200225523A1 (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-16 | Wing Tak Lee Silicone Rubber Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd | Multi-color smart pdlc film and in-vehicle smart film structure |
US10948788B2 (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-03-16 | Wing Tak Lee Silicone Rubber Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. | Multi-color smart PDLC film and in-vehicle smart film structure |
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US11053132B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
EP3721282B1 (de) | 2023-02-22 |
JP2021513100A (ja) | 2021-05-20 |
WO2020011150A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
EP3721282A4 (de) | 2020-11-25 |
CN111133360B (zh) | 2022-07-26 |
JP7064005B2 (ja) | 2022-05-09 |
EP3721282A1 (de) | 2020-10-14 |
US20210026214A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
CN111133360A (zh) | 2020-05-08 |
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