US20190203930A1 - Burner With Open Radiant Tube - Google Patents

Burner With Open Radiant Tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190203930A1
US20190203930A1 US16/312,066 US201716312066A US2019203930A1 US 20190203930 A1 US20190203930 A1 US 20190203930A1 US 201716312066 A US201716312066 A US 201716312066A US 2019203930 A1 US2019203930 A1 US 2019203930A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
burner
air
exhaust gas
radiant tube
orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/312,066
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English (en)
Inventor
Joachim G. Wünning
Joachim A. Wünning
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WS Warmeprozesstechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
WS Warmeprozesstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WS Warmeprozesstechnik GmbH filed Critical WS Warmeprozesstechnik GmbH
Assigned to WS-WÄRMEPROZESSTECHNIK GMBH reassignment WS-WÄRMEPROZESSTECHNIK GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Wünning, Joachim G., Wünning, Joachim A.
Publication of US20190203930A1 publication Critical patent/US20190203930A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/06Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for completing combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/66Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/06Disposition of air supply not passing through burner for heating the incoming air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04Arrangements of recuperators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041Staged supply of oxidant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99001Cold flame combustion or flameless oxidation processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner, in particular a recuperative burner, for the mixed direct and indirect heating of material to be heated in a furnace.
  • furnaces that are heated by means of burners, wherein the exhaust gas heat is partially recovered for preheating the air supplied to the burner.
  • publication DE 10 2010 0151 347 A1 describes a burner that is equipped with a jacket tube acting as the radiant tube. Inside this radiant tube, the fuel is oxidized in order to heat the radiant tube so that it emits radiated heat.
  • the burner according to the invention comprises a radiant tube that has—on its end facing away from the burner—an orifice through which fuel and preheated air or also even a flame are introduced into the furnace chamber and through which exhaust gas is conducted out of the furnace chamber in a counter-current.
  • the radiant tube thus delimits an exhaust gas channel which, according to the invention, is associated with an air conducting device for introducing burn-out air.
  • a CO-containing furnace atmosphere is generated that may have a protective effect on the material to be heated.
  • the CO-containing exhaust gas is then post-combusted in the steel pipe by virtue of air introduced through the air conducting device. Thermal energy that is released in so doing is radiated by the radiant tube into the furnace.
  • the amounts of air of the burner and the post-combustion are adapted to each other in such a manner that an overall stoichiometric or superstoichiometric combustion is achieved, wherein ⁇ preferably ranges between 1 and 1.2.
  • the amount of air and the air conducting device are adapted in such a manner that the post-combustion is completed in a part of the radiant tube located in the furnace chamber and does not extend into the section in which the recuperator is arranged. In so doing, the recuperator is preferably confined to the part of the radiant tube located in the furnace wall and not being disposed for heat radiation.
  • the burner orifice may be arranged on a part of the burner that projects from the orifice of the radiant tube. Consequently, it is particularly easy to achieve a large-volume exhaust gas recirculation, as a result of which the burner can be operated employing flameless oxidation. This benefits a uniform heat introduction in the furnace and a low production of nitrogen oxide.
  • the air conducting device may be a tube provided with air holes on its periphery, said tube extending through the radiant tube.
  • This tube or this tube section may consist of metal (e.g., steel or ceramic) and it may be seamlessly connected in an integral manner or attached to the recuperator.
  • the recuperator and the air conducting device are preferably coaxially arranged in the radiant tube.
  • the air conducting device and burner orifice may be connected so as to communicate in view of the flow in a common air channel in order to be supplied by the latter with preheated air.
  • a regulating device with which the dimensions of the air currents (burner air for the burner of burned-out air for the air conducting device) can be adapted to one another.
  • the adaptation of the air quantities relative to each other preferably occurs by dimensioning the cross-sections of the openings of the air conducting device for the burn-out air to the size of the outlet opening(s) for the burner head air.
  • the burner orifice comprises at least one opening that is oriented axially relative to the burner or also obliquely or radially relative to the burner axis.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the substoichiometric operation of a burner and the conduction of the thusly produced reducing exhaust gasses through a radiant tube and the post-combustion of the exhaust gases in this steel tube in that burn-out air is supplementally introduced in the exhaust gas channel of the radiant tube.
  • a combustion occurs in the exhaust gas channel, said combustion being utilized for heating the radiant tube and for at least the extensive elimination of oxidizable components in the exhaust gas. Consequently, this makes possible an exhaust gas that is low in NOx and, despite the substoichiometric operation of the furnace, low in CO, wherein the utilization of thermal energy is good due to the heat recovery, and the heat introduction into the furnace is uniform.
  • the furnace chamber is directly heated to a greater extent with the hot gas produced by the burner and indirectly heated to a lesser extent with the heat radiated by the radiant tube.
  • the division of output is, for example, 80%/20%.
  • the invention may also be applied to regenerator burners.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic sectional view of a furnace chamber with a burner according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 a schematic sectional view of a modified embodiment of the burner according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 a longitudinal sectional view of a further modified embodiment of the burner according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 an embodiment of the burner according to the invention with radial or oblique flame ejection.
  • FIG. 1 shows a recuperative burner 10 that is disposed for heating the furnace chamber 11 of a schematically illustrated industrial furnace 12 .
  • recuperative burners that are preferably constructed and configured in the same manner as the recuperative burner 10 and that can be controlled together, individually or in groups.
  • the industrial furnace is disposed for the heat treatment of a material to be heated 13 that, for example, may be semi-finished or finished products of metal or other materials. For example, these may be steel components, copper components or the like.
  • the furnace temperature typically is in the range of several 100° C. and is consistent with the desired application. If the temperature is above a critical temperature of typically approximately 850° C., the burner 10 can be operated with flameless oxidation. If the furnace temperature is below this limit, the burner 10 preferably is operated in a flame mode. This mode is also selected during the ramping up stage, in particularly in the event of a cold start. The cold start may take place with stoichiometric operation or superstoichiometric operation.
  • the burner 10 is a so-called recuperative burner that is disposed to extract thermal energy from an exhaust gas stream indicated by arrows 14 , 15 16 , in order to thus supply a fresh air stream indicated by arrow 17 with heat.
  • the recuperative burner 10 comprises a recuperator 18 which is preferably configured as a profiled tube with closed walls and the outside of which delimits an exhaust gas channel 19 .
  • the recuperator 18 may consist of metal, for example, or, as is preferred, of ceramic and be imparted on its outside with structures so as to enlarge the surface and provide an improvement of the heat exchange with the exhaust gas. Such structures may be elevations and/or recesses, spikes, burls or the like.
  • the recuperator 18 extends concentrically to the longitudinal center axis of the recuperative burner 10 and, in so doing, is preferably held outside the furnace chamber 11 in a burner head 20 . Appropriate holding means have been known from practical applications and are not specifically shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Adjoining the actual recuperator 20 is a protrusion 21 that, likewise, preferably has a tubular shape.
  • the protrusion 21 may be a direct integral component of the recuperator 18 and extend away from said recuperator in axial extension. This protrusion 21 , too, may be disposed for recuperation (heat recovery).
  • the recuperator 18 extends through the furnace wall while the protrusion 21 preferably forms a part extending into the furnace chamber 11 .
  • the protrusion 21 may have one of the several openings that extend through its wall and lead from its interior space out into the exhaust channel 19 .
  • These openings 22 act as the air conducting device 23 for introducing burn-out air into the exhaust gas channel 19 .
  • the protrusion 21 On its free end, the protrusion 21 is provided with at least one opening 24 that forms a burner orifice 25 and is arranged concentrically with respect to the burner axis.
  • the openings 22 are filled with fresh air that—as indicated by arrow 17 —is introduced at the burner head 20 into the chamber of the recuperator 18 and leaves as burner air (primary air) at the opening 24 and as burn-out air (secondary air) at the openings 22 .
  • the recuperator 18 and the protrusion 21 are enclosed by a tube 26 that extends through the furnace wall and projects into the chamber 11 .
  • the tube 26 is arranged concentrically with respect to the recuperator 18 and the protrusion 21 and delimits the exhaust gas channel 19 in radially outward direction.
  • the protrusion 21 extends through the tube 26 so that the burner orifice 25 projects from the tube 26 .
  • the part of the tube 25 projecting into the furnace chamber 11 acts as the radiant tube. It is heated by the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust gas channel 19 and by the post-combustion taking place therein, said post-combustion being maintained by the burn-out air supplied by the air conducting device 23 .
  • the post-combustion is completed in the exhaust gas stream before the exhaust gas stream reaches the recuperator 18 .
  • the protrusion 21 may contribute as an ancillary function to the recuperation. This improves the energy yield of the burner 10 .
  • a fuel supply line 27 extends centrally through the recuperator 18 and the protrusion 21 , said fuel supply line having an open end directed at the burner orifice 25 and dispensing fuel through said orifice into the furnace chamber 11 .
  • the recuperative burner 10 described so far operates as follows:
  • liquid or gaseous fuel is introduced into the burner—as indicated by arrow 28 —via the fuel line 27 .
  • air (arrow 17 ) is introduced into the recuperator and exhaust gasses are evacuated through the exhaust gas channel 19 (arrows 14 , 15 , 16 ).
  • the exhaust gas flowing downstream through the exhaust gas channel 19 heat the protrusion 21 and the recuperator 18 which, in turn, heats inflowing air.
  • a stream consisting of preheated air and fuel leaves the burner orifice 25 , said stream—depending on the operating mode—either combusts with flame or oxidizes without flame due to a large-volume exhaust gas recirculation and a sufficient impulse of fresh air and fuel in the heated furnace chamber. Consequently, the burner 10 can be set up as specifically needed, either for flameless oxidation or for flame operation.
  • the supplied amount of fuel and the primary air amount flowing out through the opening 24 are adapted to each other in such a manner that a substoichiometric combustion results in the furnace chamber 11 .
  • a substoichiometric combustion results in the furnace chamber 11 .
  • This furnace atmosphere may contain fuel residues, partially combusted fuel and, in particular, also carbon monoxide.
  • the remaining 20% of the air required for the complete combustion are dispensed as burn-out air into the exhaust gas channel.
  • the post-combustion taking place here heats the affected part of the tube 26 and then flows toward the recuperator 18 .
  • the allocation of the air to the burner orifice 25 and the air conducting device 23 is preferably determined by the ratio of the cross-sections of the openings 24 , 22 to one another. Consequently, the air allocation can be firmly specified at the time of manufacture of the recuperative burner 10 .
  • the recuperative burner 10 is preferably fired in pulsed mode or in continuous mode. Modulating mode is possible, however not necessary in most applications. Due to the pulsed operation, the recuperative burner 10 ultimately knows only three operating states, i.e., (a) ramping up mode, (b) heated mode, and (c) stoppage mode. During heated mode, the recuperative burner 10 is operated with the specified fuel and air supply and exhaust gas discharge. In so doing, it is ensured that the ratio between burner air and burn-out air is maintained as specified.
  • the recuperative burner 10 shown in FIG. 1 heats the material to be heated 13 , partially directly by flame or flameless oxidation and partially indirectly by heat radiation from the tube 26 . It combines high utilization of fuel due to heat recovery with careful heating of the material to be heated 13 by avoiding local heat peaks and by avoiding oxidative loading of the material to be heated, with good exhaust gas values.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of a recuperative burner 10 , to which the description hereinabove applies analogously, while the same reference signs are being used.
  • the air conducting device 23 is restricted to a few openings 22 that are provided in the vicinity of the front end of the protrusion 21 . Consequently, the introduction of air into the exhaust gas channel 19 is restricted to the part of the (radiant) tube 26 that is close to the exhaust gas inlet.
  • the openings 22 can be oriented radially as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the size of the openings 22 may be the same for all openings 22 .
  • the size of the openings 22 may also vary in axial direction of the protrusion 21 in one embodiment according to FIG. 1 . For example, it may increase or decrease away from the burner orifice 25 .
  • the openings 22 for the burn-out air may also be provided approximately at the level of the end of the radiant tube 26 and impart the leaving burn-out air flow with an axial component in addition to the radial component.
  • flame as well as flameless oxidation is possible in the exhaust gas channel 19 .
  • the burner orifice 25 may also have several outlet openings 24 ; this may be of particular importance when their direction of exit is directed radially or obliquely relative to the axial line of the recuperative burner 10 .
  • Such a recuperative burner 10 can always be arranged suspended in a furnace chamber 12 according to FIG. 1 , for example on the upper side of the furnace chamber, and still prevent the fuel stream from impinging on the material to be heated 13 .
  • a recuperative burner 10 which fires a furnace chamber 11 in a substoichiometric manner.
  • the recuperative burner is arranged in a radiant tube 26 which is open towards the furnace chamber and which protrudes into the furnace chamber. Together with the recuperator 18 or a protrusion 21 , the radian tube 26 forms an exhaust gas channel 19 into which burn-out air is introduced by means of an air conducting device 23 .
  • the post-combustion which thus occurs in the exhaust gas channel 19 heats the radiant tube 26 .
  • the furnace chamber 11 is thus heated partly directly by fuel and air and partly indirectly by the radiant tube 26 .
  • An excessive level of CO emission is prevented by the post-combustion in the exhaust gas channel 19 .
  • By virtue of the use of the resulting heat by the radiant tube excessively high exhaust gas temperatures are prevented and the thermal use of the fuel is optimized.
  • Burner/recuperative burner 11 Furnace chamber 12
  • Industrial furnace 13 Material to be heated (e.g., steel parts, copper parts, other metal parts or parts of nonmetallic material) 14-16 Arrows for exhaust gas 17 Arrows for fresh gas 18
  • Recuperator 19 Exhaust gas channel 20
  • Burner head 21 Protrusion 22 Opening(s) 23
  • Air conducting device 24 Opening 25 Burner orifice 26 Pipe (radiant tube) 27
  • Fuel line 28 Arrow

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
US16/312,066 2016-06-24 2017-05-11 Burner With Open Radiant Tube Abandoned US20190203930A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016111656.4A DE102016111656A1 (de) 2016-06-24 2016-06-24 Brenner mit offenem Strahlrohr
DE102016111656.4 2016-06-24
PCT/EP2017/061373 WO2017220250A1 (de) 2016-06-24 2017-05-11 Brenner mit offenem strahlrohr

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190203930A1 true US20190203930A1 (en) 2019-07-04

Family

ID=58772548

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/312,066 Abandoned US20190203930A1 (en) 2016-06-24 2017-05-11 Burner With Open Radiant Tube

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20190203930A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3475611B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2019522770A (de)
KR (1) KR20190020684A (de)
DE (1) DE102016111656A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2017220250A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230143249A1 (en) * 2021-11-08 2023-05-11 Honeywell International Inc. Safe start-up of a cooled radiant tube burner at high temperature operation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2933119T3 (es) * 2018-11-12 2023-02-02 Ws Waermeprozesstechnik Gmbh Procedimiento y dispositivo para la combustión escalonada sin llama
KR102509564B1 (ko) * 2022-08-22 2023-03-16 (주)에사코리아 알루미늄 균질로용 고효율 저녹스 자기열교환형 버너

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2255540A (en) * 1939-03-22 1941-09-09 Henry A Dreffein Combustion apparatus
AT223729B (de) * 1960-07-19 1962-10-10 Indugas Ges Fuer Ind Gasverwen Industriebrenner
US3174474A (en) * 1963-10-04 1965-03-23 Hazen Engineering Company Radiant heating units
GB1072700A (en) * 1965-01-09 1967-06-21 North Western Gas Board Improvements relating to gas burners
JPS6021385Y2 (ja) * 1980-11-07 1985-06-26 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 輻射管付き加熱炉
DE3422229C2 (de) 1984-06-15 1986-06-05 WS Wärmeprozesstechnik GmbH, 7015 Korntal-Münchingen Industriebrenner für gasförmige oder flüssige Brennstoffe
ATE114364T1 (de) * 1990-06-29 1994-12-15 Wuenning Joachim Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen von brennstoff in einem verbrennungsraum.
DE4132236C1 (de) * 1991-09-27 1992-10-15 Ws Waermeprozesstechnik Gmbh, 7253 Renningen, De
JP2004093123A (ja) * 2002-08-15 2004-03-25 Jfe Steel Kk 無酸化炉及びその制御方法
US20160123583A1 (en) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-05 Noxmat Gmbh Recuperator burner

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230143249A1 (en) * 2021-11-08 2023-05-11 Honeywell International Inc. Safe start-up of a cooled radiant tube burner at high temperature operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3475611A1 (de) 2019-05-01
JP2019522770A (ja) 2019-08-15
WO2017220250A1 (de) 2017-12-28
DE102016111656A1 (de) 2017-12-28
KR20190020684A (ko) 2019-03-04
EP3475611B1 (de) 2022-03-16

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