US20190048718A1 - Squeezing device for underground project - Google Patents

Squeezing device for underground project Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190048718A1
US20190048718A1 US16/072,179 US201616072179A US2019048718A1 US 20190048718 A1 US20190048718 A1 US 20190048718A1 US 201616072179 A US201616072179 A US 201616072179A US 2019048718 A1 US2019048718 A1 US 2019048718A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
door
revolving door
cylinder
squeezing
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/072,179
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English (en)
Inventor
Muhu Ouyang
Xuchun Wang
Ganlin Ouyang
Lixiang Qu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qingdao Jingli Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Qingdao Jingli Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qingdao Jingli Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Qingdao Jingli Engineering Co Ltd
Assigned to QINGDAO JINGLI ENGINEERING CO., LTD. reassignment QINGDAO JINGLI ENGINEERING CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OUYANG, Ganlin, OUYANG, Muhu, QU, LIXIANG, WANG, Xuchun
Publication of US20190048718A1 publication Critical patent/US20190048718A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/104—Cutting tool fixtures
    • E21D9/1046—Vibrating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
    • E21C25/06—Machines slitting solely by one or more cutting rods or cutting drums which rotate, move through the seam, and may or may not reciprocate
    • E21C25/10—Rods; Drums
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1086—Drives or transmissions specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to squeezing devices for underground projects, belonging to the technical field of underground space development.
  • Open excavation includes open-top excavation and covered excavation top-down method.
  • Mining method includes shield method, foreign new Austrian tunneling method (NATM) and domestic shallow tunneling method.
  • Mining method is widely used in underground projects because it minimizes demolition, has minimal ground environment interference, and does not require traffic interruption.
  • the current mining methods are generally called time-and-space effect construction methods. Time-and-space effects based on theoretical calculations are reliable under normal conditions.
  • time-and-space effects based on theoretical calculations are reliable under normal conditions.
  • due to variations in geology, limitation of survey/exploration data, coincidence of surrounding accidents, and soil index variance in the process of construction these factors can form various risks for underground construction accidents.
  • Underground project squeezing devices of the invention are beyond the scope of time-and-space construction limitations.
  • the devices of the invention can effectively avoid the undesirable effects and risks caused by ground subsidence and deformation as a result of soil loss during underground space construction.
  • methods of the invention Under the premise of no interruption to the major urban traffic, methods of the invention have obvious safety and technological advantages and resource saving effects in the construction of stereo crossover or underground space development under existing buildings or urban underground complex pipe rack constructions.
  • An underground project squeezing device of the invention may include a guide body, a vibration system, a lubrication system, a guidance system, a cutting structure, and a gate.
  • the vibration system may be located on the four inner walls of the guide body.
  • the lubrication system lubricates pipes located along the four inner walls of the guide body and connects with lubrication nozzles disposed at suitable locations.
  • the guidance system may be located in the four inner walls on the front end.
  • the cutting structure located in the front end of inner cavity of the conductor, and the sluice is located in the inner side of upper and lower walls of the conductor.
  • the conductor includes squeezing cavity, shell walls and functional chamber.
  • the squeezing cavity is a trapezoid-shaped or cone-shaped hollow cavity with certain length, width and height, and the projecting area of the front end of the squeezing cavity is less than the back end.
  • the shell wall is a grid steel structure which is made of two layers of panels, and between which a reinforced board is added so as to strengthen the thickness and strength of the shell.
  • the conductor includes front and back parts.
  • the front part is the trapezoid-shaped or cone-shaped squeezing cavity
  • the back part is the functional chamber connecting with the prestress concrete cavity.
  • the functional chamber is a hollow rectangle steel structure with certain length.
  • the front part of the functional chamber is the same as the outer size of the back end of the squeezing cavity, and the back part is the same as the size of the front part of prestress concrete cavity.
  • the prestress concrete cavity is a hollow rectangle precasting concrete part with certain wall thickness and section length, and extra sections can be connected to prolong the cavity.
  • the interface of the front end of the functional chamber and the back end of the squeezing cavity uses flexible sealing gasket, and is put into the sealing groove which is specially designed by avoiding the positions of bolt holes.
  • the flexible sealing gasket bulges a little above the top surface of the sealing groove, and the connecting point adopts bumpy paneling jointing method.
  • the bulging surface of the flexible sealing gasket is fastened to the top surface of the sealing groove when fastening the bolt so as to strengthen sealing effect, and it can also prevent water leakage in case that the flexible sealing gasket is damaged by powerful bearing stress.
  • the joint datum of back end of the functional chamber and the prestress concrete cavity and the vertical plane and horizontal plane of the joint datum of the front and back prestress concrete cavity adopt flexible sealing gasket, and is inserted in the sealing groove of vertical plane and horizontal plane of the prestress concrete cavity. Thus two-level sealing is realized on the jointing point.
  • the section size of the front end of function cavity is the same as that of the back end of squeezing cavity, and the section size of the back end of function cavity is also the same as that of the prestress concrete cavity.
  • the mentioned vibrating system includes gas source vibrator, air duct and vibrating sheet.
  • the edges inside the holes are step-sized, and there are sealing gaskets on the surface of the steps.
  • the vibrating sheets are pressed on the sealing gaskets and installed on the steps inside the holes by bolts.
  • the outer surface is a little higher than the outer surface of the shell walls after the vibrating sheet is installed.
  • the gas source vibrator is installed in appropriate positions on the bottom of the vibrating sheet, which is connected with the other gas source vibrators along the air ducts between the plates of the shell walls.
  • the checking holes adopt inner cover plates and are blocked by screwing hard with the inner walls of the shell through bolts and sealing gaskets.
  • the mentioned lubrication system includes lubrication pipes and lubrication nozzles.
  • the main lubrication pipe is installed in appropriate positions between the two planes of the shell wall, and the outer end of which connects with lubricant pump, and is connected with the subsidiary lubrication pipe along the extending direction of the main lubrication pipe.
  • lubrication nozzle in appropriate positions in the four inner walls of the squeezing cavity, the functional chamber and the prestressing concrete cavity.
  • outer thread on lubrication nozzles which could be screwed tightly with inner thread of the walls of the shell and the walls of prestressing concrete cavity.
  • the outlet of the lubrication nozzle is fan-shaped, and the direction of which is on the contrary to the squeezing direction in case of being blocked.
  • the lubricant modulated according to the land conditions will be sprayed from the lubrication nozzle through lubrication pipes by mud pump, and a thin layer of liquid separator is formed in the interface between the sand and walls of conductors, and therefore the giant lateral resistance between the sand and the shell will be reduced.
  • the mentioned guidance system includes guide plates, steering cylinders, shafts, jointing bases and oil pipes.
  • the bosses should insert the grooves and the shafts should insert the bearing holes, thus, the bosses of the guide plate will hinge together with the grooves of the squeezing cavity.
  • There is a matching steering cylinder on appropriate position inside the walls of the squeezing cavity, which is driven by transporting hydraulic oil through oil pipes.
  • the piston rod of the steering cylinder hinges with the jointing base of the guide plate by shafts, and propels the guide plate to change in certain angles.
  • the guide plates on the left and right side are left-and-right steering team, and the guide plates on the upper and lower side is up-and-down steering team.
  • Each team hinges with related bearing holes of the piston rods of steering cylinders.
  • the piston rod of the horizon steering cylinders protrudes or withdraws, the counterpart will also withdraw or protrudes oppositely.
  • the guide plate of the jointing base will be driven to rotate around the shaft in certain angles, thus the horizontal moving position of the squeezing cavity is adjusted in appropriate angles.
  • the mentioned cutting structure includes principle disc cutters, secondary disc cutters, hard rock hammers, principle transmission shafts, secondary transmission shafts, transmission keys, power devices and fixing frames.
  • the principle disc cutter includes cutting blade, principle transmission shaft and power device.
  • the principle disc cutter is circular, lying in the front end of the squeezing cavity. The front end-face of the principle is a little behind of the front end-face of the guide plate. There is at least a principle disc cutter according to the size of the cross section of the squeezing cavity. There are blades at intervals with different angles on the front end-face of the principle disc cutter.
  • the back end of the principle disc cutter connects with power device on the back end by principle transmission shaft, and the power device will drive the principle transmission shaft, thus the principle disc cutter will be driven and produce giant torque.
  • the power device adopts hydraulic motors.
  • the secondary disc cutter is sleeve-jointed with the keyway of the secondary transmission shaft connecting with the power device by the transmission key. Through the secondary transmission shaft, the power device passes the rolling torque to the transmission key fixed in the center of the back end of the secondary disc cutter, thus the secondary disc cutter is driven to rotate and cut the soil.
  • the principle transmission shaft and secondary transmission shaft are fixed by fixing frames set in the functional chamber.
  • the hammers use air cylinders as power rather than oil cylinders.
  • the air driven hammer lies in the rear and does not work.
  • high-pressure air could be input and the piston rod of the cylinder intrudes and pushes the air driven hammer forward ahead of the principle disc cutter and the secondary cutter, then the air driven hammer is started and breaks the rocks avoiding the embarrassing situation of interrupting squeezing.
  • the mentioned sluice includes revolving door, axle socket of upper door, axle socket of lower door, door shaft, two-way cylinder, upper-arc track, lower-arc track, driving cylinder, piston rod connector of driving steering cylinder, rear flat globe, bearing hole, support axle, support axle socket, fixed pulley, axle, axle socket, steering wheel, bearing, steel cable, shack, pulley groove, knobs, multi-hole anchor and wedge valve.
  • the revolving door is a rectangle steel structure with certain thickness, which is made up of two door plates between which there is a grid reinforced plate. There is at least a revolving door in each functional chamber. There is a circular door shaft, being fixed with the revolving door. The upper end of the shaft is installed in the axle socket of upper door, and the lower end is installed in the axle socket of lower door, and the center of the axle sockets of upper door and the lower door corresponds exactly with each other.
  • the revolving door is driven by cylinders.
  • the piston rod connector of the upper driving cylinder is embedded into the upper-arc track
  • the piston rod connector of the lower driving cylinder is embedded into the lower-arc track, and a shaft is used for hinging.
  • the revolving door is driven by cylinders.
  • the piston rod connector of the upper driving cylinder is embedded into the upper-arc track
  • the piston rod connector of the lower driving cylinder is embedded into the lower-arc track
  • a shaft is used for hinging.
  • the protrusion and retraction directions of the piston rod of the upper driving cylinder and the lower driving cylinder make relative motions.
  • the upper driving cylinder and the lower driving cylinder are installed on appropriate positions in the inner walls of the conductor of upper-arc track ( 50 ) and lower-arc track.
  • the rear end of the globe will revolve around the supporting shaft, matching with the track movement of the upper-arc track and lower-arc track.
  • the revolving door will revolve around the axis of the axle socket of upper door and the axle socket of lower door being opened or closed.
  • the second style is the combination way of steel cable, pulley and cylinder.
  • the steel cable Being fixed in the pulley groove by a buckle, the steel cable extends to the fixed pulley installed in the knobs of the piston rod of the bidirectional steering cylinder inside the functional chamber through the groove of corresponding fixed pulleys and steering wheels.
  • the position elevation of the fixed pulleys installed on upper and lower end-faces of the revolving door interlace with each other in case that the steel cables of the pulleys collide.
  • the steel cables have been fixed in the front end of multi-hole anchor with wedge valve (petal) before connecting with the piston rod of bidirectional steering cylinder.
  • the fixed pulleys and steering wheels are installed in the two sides of the steel cable, which will fix the steel cable in the pulley groove to avoid the derailment of the steel cable.
  • the lower end of the bidirectional cylinder A on one side of the functional chamber withdraws and pull the steel cable connected with the knobs to move in the direction of retraction.
  • the steel cable fixed on the pulleys on the upper end of the revolving door will be pulled and the revolving door will be driven to revolve around the axis of the axle socket of upper door and lower door.
  • the upper end of the bidirectional cylinder A protrudes and relaxes the steel cable that has been tightened before.
  • the corresponding bidirectional cylinder B moves oppositely, that is, the piston rod on the lower end of the bidirectional cylinder B releases the steel cable, while the piston rod on the upper end of the bidirectional cylinder tightens the steel cable.
  • the steel cable fixed on the fixed pulley in the lower end of the revolving door is pulled and close the revolving door coordinating with the bidirectional cylinder A. If the revolving door needs to be opened, the bidirectional cylinder in the functional chamber is operated oppositely, and the revolving door will be opened.
  • the invention device is beyond the range of time-and-apace construction method, the normal pressure stress occurred when squeezing into the soil is contrary to the direction of the relaxing stress of surrounding soil.
  • the stress is used to resist the soil relaxing pressure, which turns the construction progress of underground project into an invisible supporting progress.
  • the large preventing measures and cost in the first period will be nearly cancelled, which will save cost and shorten construction period, and reduce the risks of surface subsidence, declination and collapsing of buildings.
  • the invention is especially suitable for urban underground complex pipe racks with geological conditions of soft soil, underground vehicle passages and BRIEF underground interchanges, which could be constructed without interruption.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a guide body.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view along A-A line in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view along B-B line in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. shows a cross-sectional view along E-E line in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a secondary cutter in the retracted state.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a secondary cutter in the protruded state.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view along K-K line in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic of a pneumatic impact hammer.
  • FIG. 9 shows an expanded view of a vibrating hole and inspection windows.
  • FIG. 10 shows a front view of a prestressed concrete chamber.
  • FIG. 11 shows a cross sectional view along C-C line in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a cross sectional view along D-D line in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic of a two-level seal at the jointing point of a prestressed concrete chamber.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic of a connection of the rear end of the guide body and the front end of a prestressed concrete chamber.
  • FIG. 15 shows an enlarged view of sealing grooves and an elastic seal.
  • FIG. 16 shows an expanded view of a piston rod of a steering cylinder connected with a lug (double ear).
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic of rotation by a lower driving cylinder on the bottom of the revolving door.
  • FIG. 18 shows a schematic of rotation by a upper driving cylinder on the top of the revolving door.
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic of a revolving door pulled by a steel cable.
  • FIG. 20 shows a sectional view of a revolving door along the J-J line in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 21 shows a sectional view of a multi-hole anchor device.
  • FIG. 22 shows a sectional view of an axle/shaft socket.
  • FIG. 23 shows a sectional view of a connection of piston rod and a curved/arc track.
  • pipe tubing
  • 22 Air duct connector
  • 23 inspection window
  • 24 Inner cover plate
  • 25 Principle (main) lubricant duct
  • 26 Lubricant nozzle
  • 27 Guide plate
  • 28 Steering cylinder
  • 28 ′ Piston rod of steering cylinder
  • 29 Shaft (or shaft pin);
  • 30 Jointing base (or connecting seat); 31 . Boss; 32 . Groove; 33 . Hole (shaft hole); 34 . Bumpy paneling jointing; 35 . main cutter; 36 . secondary cutter; 37 . Impact hammer; 38 . main drive (transmission) shaft; 39 . secondary drive (transmission) shafts; 40 .
  • An embodiment of the invention comprises a guide body, a vibration system, a lubrication system, a guidance system, a cutting structure, and a gate/door.
  • the vibration system is located on the four walls of the guide body.
  • the lubrication system comprises lubrication pipes disposed along the four inner walls of the guide body and connected with corresponding nozzles.
  • the guidance system is located in the front section of the four walls of the guide body.
  • the cutting structure is located in the front section of the inner chamber of the guide body.
  • the gate/door is located inside the guide body between the upper and lower walls.
  • the guide body comprises a soil-squeezing chamber 1 , shell walls 2 , a reinforcement panel 3 , and a functional chamber 4 .
  • the soil-squeezing chamber 1 is designed as a chamber, having a certain length, width, and height.
  • the soil-squeezing chamber 1 can be trapezoidal or cylindrical in cross-section shape with a smaller cross section area in the front than the cross-section area in the back.
  • the shell wall 2 is constructed of two panels sandwiching the reinforcement panel 3 soldered therebetween to support each other, thereby forming a web of steel structure to increase the thickness and strength of the shall body.
  • the guide body comprises two sections: the front section and the back section.
  • the front section comprises a cone-shaped soil-squeezing chamber 1 .
  • the back section comprises a functional chamber 4 , which is connected to a prestressed concrete chamber 5 .
  • the functional chamber 4 is shaped as a hollow rectangular steel structure having a certain length.
  • the front end of the functional chamber 4 has the same cross-sectional dimensions as the rear end of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 .
  • the rear end of the functional chamber 4 has the same cross-sectional dimensions as those of the front end of the prestressed concrete chamber 5 .
  • the prestressed concrete chamber 5 is a high-strength prestressed concrete structure with a hollow rectangular interior and a certain thickness and section length.
  • the front end of functional chamber 4 is in sealed connection with the rear end of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 via an elastic seal 20 set in the sealing trough 20 ′, wherein the elastic seal 20 is configurated not to cover bolt holes 8 .
  • the elastic seal 20 protrudes slightly above the sealing trough 20 ′ to contact sealing grooves 34 , which has uneven surfaces, on the opposite contact component.
  • Bolts 9 are used to press elastic seal 20 tightly against the sealing trough 20 ′, wherein the tops of bolts 9 are flush with the top surface of the sealing trough 20 ′, thereby reinforcing the sealing effects and preventing the elastic seal 20 from becoming leaky due to damages caused by strong compression force.
  • the connecting faces between the rear end of the functional chamber 4 and the prestressed concrete chamber 5 and between the two neighboring (front and back) prestressed concrete chambers 5 use elastic seals 20 embedded in the seal troughs 20 ′ located at the ends (along both horizontal sides and vertical sides) of the prestressed concrete chambers 5 to achieve tight seals.
  • a shoulder 7 is provided along the peripheral of the connection face between the soil-squeezing chamber 1 and the functional chamber 4 .
  • Bolt holes 8 are evenly provided along four sides of the shoulder 7 to facilitate the use of bolts 9 for connection.
  • Inside the functional chamber 4 there is a chamber sufficiently large to accommodate a revolving door 10 , upper door axle seat/socket 11 , lower door axle seat/socket 12 , a base/seat 13 for fixing the main cutter, a base/seat 14 for fixing the secondary cutter, power equipment 41 , and a transmission structure.
  • the chamber in the functional chamber 4 plays a role in connecting the front and back components.
  • the vibration system comprises a air-powered vibrator 15 , an air duct 16 , and a vibration plate 17 .
  • a hole/opening 18 On each of the four walls of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 and the functional chamber 4 , there is a hole/opening 18 , which can be a rectangular or round and has a certain area.
  • a step 19 is made on the inner edge of each opening 18 .
  • a seal 20 is placed on the step 19 .
  • a vibration plate 17 is pressed on the seal 20 and secured with bolts 9 on the step 19 in the opening 18 . After installation, the surface of the vibration plate 17 is slightly higher than the surface of the shell wall 2 .
  • air-powered vibrators 15 are arranged on the inner wall of the vibration plate 17 at proper locations using bolts 9 .
  • An air duct 16 is arranged between the two plates of the shell wall 2 and connects with each air-powered vibrator 15 .
  • An inspection window 23 is provided at the location of the air-powered vibrator 15 and the connector 22 . The inspection window may be used for installation and repair of the air-powered vibrator 15 and the connector 22 .
  • the inspection window 23 comprises an inner cover plate 24 , which is secured with bolts 9 and seal 20 on the inner shell wall 2 ′.
  • the air duct 16 delivers compressed air (or gas).
  • the air-powered vibrator 15 makes the vibration plate 17 vibrate with a certain magnitude and vibration force that is transmitted to the soil in contact with the vibration plate 17 , leading to desorption of soil from the guide body, thereby achieving reduction of side friction.
  • the lubrication system comprises a main lubricant duct 25 , a secondary lubricant duct 25 ′, a lubricant nozzle 26 , and a fan-shaped outlet 6 .
  • the main lubricant duct 25 is disposed between two plates of the shell wall 2 at an appropriate location.
  • the outer end of the main lubricant duct 25 is connected to a lubricant pump, and the other end is connected with the secondary lubricant duct 25 ′.
  • inspection windows 23 are provided around nozzles 26 . The construction of inspection windows 23 is as described for the inspection windows for the vibration system.
  • At least one lubricant nozzle 26 is disposed at an appropriate location on the four walls of each of the soil-squeezing body 1 , the functional chamber 4 , and the prestressed concrete chamber 5 .
  • the nozzle 26 has an outer thread that is used to thread into inner thread on the walls of the shell wall 2 and the prestressed concrete chamber 5 .
  • the outlet of the nozzle 26 has a fan shape, the opening of which is in an opposite direction as the direction of the soil-squeezing and advancement to prevent the soil from clogging the outlet.
  • a lubricant is prepared according to the soil conditions and pumped, using a slurry pump, through the main lubricant duct 25 and the secondary lubricant duct 25 ′ to the nozzle 26 to spray outwards, thereby a thin layer of liquid film of lubricant is formed on the guide body outside wall that contacts the soil, leading to reduction of friction between the shell and the soil.
  • the guiding system comprises a guide plate 27 , a steering canister 28 , a shaft pin 29 , a connecting seat 30 , and a tubing/pipe 21 .
  • At least one guide plate 27 is installed at the front of each wall of the four walls of the soil-squeezing body 1 .
  • the rear end of the guide plate 27 has a boss 31 .
  • the boss 31 and a groove 32 are provided with a shaft hole 33 at the center thereof.
  • the boss 31 is inserted into the groove 32 so that the shaft hole 33 is concentric, and the shaft pin 29 is inserted into the shaft hole 33 in sections, so that the boss 31 of the guide plate 27 and the groove 32 of the squeezing cavity 1 are hingedly connected.
  • At least one steering cylinder 28 corresponding to each of the guide plates 27 is disposed in a position corresponding to the guide plate 27 between the two plates of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 .
  • the steering cylinder 28 is driven by hydraulic pressure delivered by the pipe 21 .
  • the steering cylinder piston rod 28 ′ front end is provided with a shaft hole 33 , at a position corresponding to the guide plate 27 , and is hingedly connected, via a shaft pin 29 , to a connecting seat 30 located in between the two plates of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 .
  • the steering cylinder piston rod 28 ′ is extended or retracted to drive the guide plate 27 to rotate around the shaft pin 29 , thereby changing an angle of the guide plate 27 within an appropriate range.
  • the guide plates 27 Between two plates of the guide plates 27 is provided with at least one connecting seat 30 for hingedly connecting the steering cylinder piston rod 28 ′.
  • the guide plates 27 corresponding to the left and right sides of the vertical direction form a left-and-right steering group, and the horizontally upper and lower corresponding guide plates 27 form an up-and-down steering group.
  • Each group is hingedly connected to the corresponding steering cylinder piston rod 28 ′ shaft hole 33 .
  • the corresponding horizontal steering cylinder piston rod 28 ′ is retracted or extended (i.e., in the opposite direction), which causes the connecting seat 30 of the guide plate 27 to move synchronously to drive the guide plate 27 to rotate, via the boss 31 and the groove 32 , around the shaft pin 29 in the corresponding direction (i.e., to change the angle to the left or right).
  • the cutting mechanism comprises a main cutter 35 (or main cutter disc), a secondary cutter 36 , a hard rock impact hammer 37 , a main drive shaft 38 , a secondary drive shaft 39 , a transmission key 40 , a power unit 41 , and a fixed frame 42 .
  • the main cutter 35 includes blades 43 , the main drive shaft 38 , and the power unit 41 .
  • the main cutter 35 has a circular shape and is located at the front end of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 . The front-end surface of the main cutter 35 is retracted by a slight distance from the front-end surface of the guide plate 27 .
  • At least one main cutter 35 is installed depending on the cross-sectional dimension of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 .
  • the front-end surface of the main cutter 35 is equipped with blades 43 having different angles intermittently arranged (spaced apart) thereon.
  • the main cutter 35 is connected to the power unit 41 in the rear via the main drive shaft 38 .
  • the power unit 41 drives the main drive shaft 38 to drive the main cutter 35 to generate a large torque.
  • the power unit 41 may be a hydraulic motor.
  • At least one secondary cutter 36 is disposed in the hollow part between the main cutter 35 and the side frame at the front end of the soil-squeezing chamber 1 .
  • the front-end surface of the secondary cutter 36 is also provided with blades 43 having different angles discontinuously (intermittently) arranged thereon.
  • the secondary cutter 36 is connected, via transmission key 40 , with the secondary transmission shaft 39 of the power unit 41 .
  • the power unit 41 passes the rotation torque to the drive shaft 39 , which in turn transmits the torque to the drive key 40 fixed to the center portion of the secondary cutter 36 , thereby driving the secondary cutter disc 36 to rotate synchronously to perform cutting of the soil.
  • the secondary drive shaft 39 is provided with a longitudinal cavity, and a horizontal thrust cylinder 44 is mounted along the longitudinal cavity.
  • the horizontal thrust cylinder piston rod 45 and the rear end of the secondary cutter 36 are hingedly connected via a shaft pin 29 .
  • the horizontal thrust cylinder rod 45 extends or retracts to drive the transmission key 40 , which is fixed to the secondary cutter 36 , to move along the secondary transmission shaft 39 key groove.
  • the movement causes the secondary cutter head 36 to achieve axial displacement within a certain distance, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the distance and pressure between the secondary cutter 36 and the soil up front, and changing the cutting amount and cutting progress.
  • the blades 43 provided on front surfaces of the main cutter 35 and the secondary cutter 36 mainly function to rapidly cut the soil and are not easily wrapped by the soil or filled between the gaps of the blades 43 by the soil as to lose the cutting function.
  • the main drive shaft 38 and the secondary drive shaft 39 are respectively connected to the power unit 41 .
  • the power unit 41 is fixed to a fixing frame 42 in the functional chamber 4 and has sufficient strength to ensure its stability.
  • a pneumatic impact hammer 37 is also provided, and the pneumatic impact hammer 37 is driven in the same manner as the secondary cutter 36 , but a gas/air cylinder 46 instead of a fluid cylinder is used for the power.
  • the pneumatic impact hammer 37 is not involved in the work and is retracted under normal circumstances.
  • a high-pressure gas is input to extend the gas cylinder piston rod 47 to push the pneumatic impact hammer 37 forward beyond the main cutter head 35 and the secondary cutter 36 by a certain distance. Then, the pneumatic impact hammer 37 is operated to gradually smash the hard rock, to avoid embarrassing situation wherein the squeeze-in process is interrupted.
  • the gate comprises a revolving door 10 , an upper door shaft seat 11 , a lower door shaft seat 12 , a door shaft 48 , a bidirectional cylinder, an upper curved (arc) track 50 , a lower curved track 51 , a driving cylinder, a driving steering cylinder piston rod connecting head 53 , a tail flat spherical body 54 , a support shaft hole 55 , a support shaft 56 , a support shaft seat 57 , a fixed pulley 58 , a wheel axle 59 , a wheel axle seat 60 , a guide wheel 61 , a bearing 62 , a cable 63 , a buckle 64 , a pulley groove 65 , the ears 66 , a multi-hole anchor 67 , and wedge-shaped locking flaps 68 .
  • the revolving door 10 is a rectangular steel structure with a certain thickness, which comprises a mesh-
  • At least one revolving door 10 is installed in each function chamber 4 .
  • a cylindrical door shaft 48 is fixed vertically at the center of the revolving door 10 .
  • the upper end of the door shaft 48 is disposed inside an upper door shaft seat/socket 11
  • the lower end of the door shaft 48 is installed in a lower door shaft seat/socket 12 .
  • the axial center of the upper door shaft seat 11 and the lower door shaft seat 12 are located at the center of the door.
  • the first method is a hydraulic cylinder push type: an upper curved rail 50 is provided with a clockwise trajectory on the side of the revolving door 10 corresponding to the lower door shaft seat 12 , and a lower curved track 51 with a counterclockwise trajectory is provided at the bottom of the revolving door 10 on the other side corresponding to the top curved track 50 .
  • the piston rod connecting head 53 of an upper driving cylinder 52 is embedded in the upper curved track 50
  • the piston rod connecting head 53 of a lower driving cylinder 52 ′ is embedded in the lower curved track 51 by inserting a shaft pin 29 to form a hinged connection.
  • the upper driving cylinder 52 and the lower driving cylinder 52 ′ have their piston rods protruding in opposite directions, and the contraction directions are in the opposite directions.
  • the upper driving cylinder 52 and the lower driving cylinders 52 ′ are respectively disposed at appropriate positions corresponding to the guiding inner walls of the upper curved track 50 and the lower curved track 51 .
  • the piston rod connecting head 53 pushes the upper curved track 50 and drives the revolving door 10 to rotate in the clockwise direction
  • the lower driving cylinder 52 ′ also synchronously extends and pushes the lower curved track 51 to drive the revolving door 10 to also rotate in the clockwise direction.
  • the upper driving cylinder 52 and lower driving cylinder 52 ′ are disposed on the revolving door 10 at corresponding locations at upper and lower portions, simultaneous extension of them produces a bilateral lever thrust action with the lower door shaft seat 12 as a fulcrum, thereby the rotary door 10 is pushed to open by rotating in a clockwise direction along the upper curved track 50 and the lower curved track 51 .
  • the bilateral lever pulling force is generated to drive, with the door shaft seat 12 as a fulcrum, the upper curved track 50 and the lower curved track 51 to pull the door 10 to rotate in the counterclockwise direction to close.
  • the upper driving cylinder 52 and the lower driving cylinder 52 ′ have their piston rod connecting heads 53 hinged in the upper curved track 50 and the lower curved track 51 such that their force exertion points, during rotation, always follow the arc-movement track of the rotation door 10 .
  • a support shaft hole 55 is formed at the center of the flat spherical body 54 of the upper drive cylinder 52 and the lower drive cylinder 52 ′.
  • a support shaft 56 is inserted through the support shaft hole 55 to position it in the support shaft seat 57 at the corresponding position of the functional chamber 4 .
  • the rear end thereof can be rotated correspondingly around the supporting shaft 56 to cooperate with the trajectory movement of the upper curved rail 50 and the lower curved rail 51 , thereby allowing the revolving door 10 to rotate freely around the axle of the door shaft seat 11 and the lower door shaft seat 12 when closing or opening.
  • the second method is based on a steel cable pulley and cylinder combined transmission mode: a fixed pulley 58 is disposed at a corresponding position on the upper and lower end faces of the rotary door 10 , and an axle 59 extends vertically into the axle seat 60 disposed at corresponding positions on both ends of the rotary door 10 .
  • a guide wheel 61 is provided on the inside of each of the upper and lower walls of the functional chamber 4 at locations corresponding to the front and rear ends of the revolving door 10 and corresponding to the locations of the pulleys 58 on the revolving doors 10 .
  • the ends of the axle 59 are inserted into the upper and lower axle seats 60 in the functional chamber 4 .
  • a bearing 62 is disposed in the axle seat 60 .
  • a cable 63 is fixed in the pulley groove 65 by a buckle 64 and is restrained by the corresponding pulley 58 and the pulley groove 65 of the guide wheel 61 to extend to the pulley 58 fixed between two ears 66 at two ends of the two-way steering cylinder piston 49 ′ installed on the vertical side walls of the functional chamber 4 .
  • the cable is also locked securely using the buckles 64 to form an upper and lower associated drive mechanism.
  • the elevation positions of the fixed pulleys 58 on the upper and lower ends of the revolving door 10 are correspondingly staggered.
  • the cable 63 is passed successively through the wedge-shaped locking petals 68 before being connected with the two-way steering cylinder piston rod 49 ′′.
  • the wedge-shaped locking petals 68 are locked at the front end of a multi-hole anchor 67 .
  • the cable leads out from the rear end of the multi-hole anchor 67 to connect to the pulley 58 fixed between the two ears 66 on the two-way steering cylinder piston rod 49 ′′.
  • the fixed pulley 58 and the guide wheel 61 are respectively disposed on the corresponding two sides of the steel cable 63 , forming a restraint for holding the steel cable 63 in the corresponding pulley groove 65 , thereby effectively preventing the interruption or failure caused by the cable 63 being derailed during operation.
  • the corresponding two-way cylinder B 49 ′ also synchronously performs the opposite movements. That is, the upper end is contracted to tighten the cable 63 , and the lower end is extended by the loosening cable 63 , thereby pulling the cable 63 on the pulley 58 fixed at the lower end of the revolving door 10 from the opposite direction.
  • the cable 63 moves in cooperation with the two-way cylinder A 49 to synchronously pull the revolving door 10 to close.
  • the bi-directional cylinders in the function chamber 4 are operated in the opposite motions to open the revolving door 10 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US16/072,179 2016-01-22 2016-01-22 Squeezing device for underground project Abandoned US20190048718A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN116899920A (zh) * 2023-09-12 2023-10-20 常州博安和达电子科技有限公司 一种多层线板加工用分类检测装置

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CN109406389B (zh) * 2018-10-09 2021-11-19 南京林业大学 盾构模型试验刀盘上泥饼黏结强度测试装置与测试方法
CN117028649B (zh) * 2023-10-09 2023-12-05 常州耐普德新能源科技有限公司 一种阀门用气动执行器及其工作方法
CN117483945B (zh) * 2023-12-29 2024-03-19 常州戴芮珂机电科技有限公司 一种激光切割机的气动卡盘结构

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DE3343084A1 (de) * 1983-11-29 1985-06-05 Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. 8500 Nürnberg Zeilinger Vortriebsschild, insbesondere fuer nichtstandfeste boeden
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CN202280460U (zh) * 2011-09-20 2012-06-20 海瑞克(广州)隧道设备有限公司 用于低覆盖层高水压弱抗扰能力地层下的盾构机系统
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US3561223A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-02-09 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with concrete wall forming mechanism
DE3343084A1 (de) * 1983-11-29 1985-06-05 Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. 8500 Nürnberg Zeilinger Vortriebsschild, insbesondere fuer nichtstandfeste boeden
US4726711A (en) * 1985-04-01 1988-02-23 Shanda Tian Process and apparatus to form an underground passage or space
JPH09221989A (ja) * 1996-02-16 1997-08-26 Susumu Nasu パイプ圧入構造
US20050247490A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-10 Toshiharu Furuichi Cutting edge apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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