US20180203348A1 - Process for improving the critical dimension uniformity of ordered films of block copolymers - Google Patents

Process for improving the critical dimension uniformity of ordered films of block copolymers Download PDF

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US20180203348A1
US20180203348A1 US15/545,068 US201615545068A US2018203348A1 US 20180203348 A1 US20180203348 A1 US 20180203348A1 US 201615545068 A US201615545068 A US 201615545068A US 2018203348 A1 US2018203348 A1 US 2018203348A1
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todt
block copolymer
copolymer
block
process according
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Xavier Chevalier
Raber Inoubli
Christophe Navarro
Celia Nicolet
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Arkema France SA
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    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/0002—Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/002—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials the substrate being rotated
    • B05D1/005—Spin coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
    • C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
    • C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
    • C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
    • C08F212/08—Styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
    • C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D153/00—Coating compositions based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/68—Preparation processes not covered by groups G03F1/20 - G03F1/50
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/162—Coating on a rotating support, e.g. using a whirler or a spinner
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/168—Finishing the coated layer, e.g. drying, baking, soaking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2353/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2453/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for improving the critical dimension uniformity of ordered films of block copolymers on a nanometric scale.
  • the invention also relates to the compositions used for improving the critical dimension uniformity of ordered films of block copolymers and to the resulting ordered films that can be used in particular as masks in the lithography field.
  • CDD critical dimension uniformity
  • Mixtures comprising at least one BCP are one solution to this problem, and it is shown in the present invention that, in the case where it is sought to obtain ordered films which have the best possible cylinder diameter regularity, mixtures comprising at least one BCP having an order-disorder temperature (TODT), combined with at least one compound not having a TODT, are a solution when the order-disorder transition temperature (TODT) of the mixture is lower than the TODT of the BCP alone. In this case, an improvement in the CDU is observed in comparison with an ordered film obtained with a block copolymer alone having a TODT for the same period.
  • TODT order-disorder transition temperature
  • peripheral is understood to mean the minimum distance separating two neighboring domains having the same chemical composition, separated by a domain having a different chemical composition.
  • the invention relates to a process which makes it possible to improve the critical dimension uniformity of an ordered film comprising a block copolymer, said ordered film comprising a mixture of at least one block copolymer having an order-disorder transition temperature (TODT) and at least one Tg with at least one compound not having a TODT, this mixture having a TODT below the TODT of the block copolymer alone, the process comprising the following steps:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the effect of various parameters used for image processing when determining the critical dimension uniformity of the cylinders
  • FIG. 3 shows G′ and G′′ moduli as a function of temperature for two copolymers
  • FIG. 4 shows SEM photos of a blended composition and a non blended copolymer for different thicknesses.
  • any block copolymer regardless of its associated morphology, may be used in the context of the invention, whether it is a diblock, linear or star triblock or linear, comb or star multiblock copolymer.
  • diblock or triblock copolymers and more preferably diblock copolymers are involved.
  • the order-disorder transition temperature TODT which corresponds to a phase separation of the constituent blocks of the block copolymer, can be measured in various ways, such as DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering), static birefringence, dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA, or any other method which makes it possible to visualize the temperature at which phase separation occurs (corresponding to the order-disorder transition). A combination of these techniques may also be used.
  • the preferred method used in the present invention is DMA.
  • n being an integer between 1 and 10, limits included.
  • n is between 1 and 5, limits included, and preferably n is between 1 and 2, limits included, and more preferably n is equal to 1, m being an integer between 1 and 10, limits included.
  • m is between 1 and 5, limits included, and preferably m is between 1 and 4, limits included, and more preferably m is equal to 1.
  • block copolymers may be synthesized by any technique known to those skilled in the art, among which may be mentioned polycondensation, ring opening polymerization or anionic, cationic or radical polymerization, it being possible for these techniques to be controlled or uncontrolled, and optionally combined with one another.
  • radical polymerization the latter can be controlled by any known technique, such as NMP (“Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization”), RAFT (“Reversible Addition and Fragmentation Transfer”), ATP F (“Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization”), INIFERTER (“Initiator-Transfer-Termination”), RITP (“Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization”) or ITP (“Iodine Transfer Polymerization”).
  • the block copolymers are prepared by controlled radical polymerization, more particularly still by nitroxide mediated polymerization, the nitroxide being in particular N-(tert-butyl)-1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropylnitroxide.
  • the block copolymers are prepared by anionic polymerization.
  • the constituent monomers of the block copolymers will be chosen from the following monomers: at least one vinyl, vinylidene, diene, olefinic, allyl or (meth)acrylic monomer.
  • This monomer is more particularly chosen from vinylaromatic monomers, such as styrene or substituted styrenes, in particular ⁇ -methylstyrene, silylated styrenes, acrylic monomers, such as acrylic acid or its salts, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl acrylates, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, ethylhexyl or phenyl acrylate, hydroxyalkyl acrylates, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, ether alkyl acrylates, such as 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, alkoxy- or aryloxypolyalkylene glycol acrylates, such as methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylates, ethoxypolyethylene glycol acrylates, methoxypolypropylene glycol acrylates, methoxypolyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol acrylates or mixtures thereof, aminoalkyl
  • the monomers will be chosen, in a non-limiting manner, from the following monomers:
  • vinyl, vinylidene, diene, olefinic, allyl or (meth)acrylic monomer are more particularly chosen from vinylaromatic monomers, such as styrene or substituted styrenes, in particular ⁇ -methylstyrene, acrylic monomers, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl acrylates, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, ethylhexyl or phenyl acrylate, ether alkyl acrylates, such as 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, alkoxy- or aryloxypolyalkylene glycol acrylates, such as methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylates, ethoxypolyethylene glycol acrylates, methoxypolypropylene glycol acrylates, methoxypolyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol acrylates or mixtures thereof, aminoalkyl acrylates, such as 2-(2-(2-(2-
  • the block copolymers having an order-disorder transition temperature consist of a block copolymer, one of the blocks of which comprises a styrene monomer and the other block of which comprises a methacrylic monomer; more preferably, the block copolymers consist of a block copolymer, one of the blocks of which comprises styrene and the other block of which comprises methyl methacrylate.
  • the compounds not having an order-disorder transition temperature will be chosen from block copolymers, as defined above, but also random copolymers, homopolymers and gradient copolymers. According to one preferred variant, the compounds are homopolymers or random copolymers and have a monomer composition identical to that of one of the blocks of the block copolymer having a TODT.
  • the homopolymers or random copolymers comprise styrene monomers or methacrylic monomers. According to a further preferred form, the homopolymers or random copolymers comprise styrene or methyl methacrylate.
  • the compounds not having an order-disorder transition temperature will also be chosen from plasticizers, among which mention may be made, in a non-limiting manner, of branched or linear phthalates, such as di-n-octyl, dibutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, diethylhexyl, diisononyl, diisodecyl, benzylbutyl, diethyl, dicyclohexyl, dimethyl, linear diundecyl and linear ditridecyl phthalates, chlorinated paraffins, branched or linear trimellitates, in particular diethylhexyl trimellitate, aliphatic esters or polymeric esters, epoxides, adipates, citrates and benzoates.
  • plasticizers among which mention may be made, in a non-limiting manner, of branched or linear phthalates, such as di-n-octyl, dibutyl, 2-ethy
  • the compounds not having an order-disorder transition temperature will also be chosen from fillers, among which mention may be made of inorganic fillers, such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes or non-carbon nanotubes, fibres, which may or may not be milled, stabilizers (light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, and heat stabilizers), dyes, and photosensitive inorganic or organic pigments, for instance porphyrins, photoinitiators, i.e. compounds capable of generating radicals under irradiation.
  • inorganic fillers such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes or non-carbon nanotubes, fibres, which may or may not be milled, stabilizers (light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, and heat stabilizers), dyes, and photosensitive inorganic or organic pigments, for instance porphyrins, photoinitiators, i.e. compounds capable of generating radicals under irradiation.
  • the compounds not having an order-disorder transition temperature will also be chosen from polymeric or non-polymeric ionic compounds.
  • a combination of the compounds mentioned may also be used in the context of the invention, such as a block copolymer not having a TODT and a random, copolymer or homopolymer not having a TODT. It will be possible, for example, to mix a block copolymer having a TODT, a block copolymer not having a TODT and a filler, a homopolymer or a random copolymer for example not having a TODT.
  • the invention therefore also relates to the compositions comprising at least one block copolymer having a TODT and at least one compound, this or these compound(s) not having a TODT.
  • the TODT of the mixture which is the subject of the invention will have to be below the TODT of the organized block copolymer alone, but will have to be above the glass transition temperature, Tg, measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), of the block having the highest Tg.
  • composition comprising a block copolymer having an order-disorder transition temperature and at least one compound not having an order-disorder transition temperature will exhibit self-assembly at a temperature lower than that of the block copolymer alone.
  • the ordered films obtained in accordance with the invention exhibit an improved critical dimension uniformity compared with that obtained, either with a single block copolymer having a TODT or with several block copolymers having a TODT for the same period.
  • the curing temperatures enabling self-assembly will be between the glass transition temperature, Tg, measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), of the block having the highest Tg and the TODT of the mixture, preferably between 1 and 50° C. below the TODT of the mixture, preferably between 10 and 30° C. below the TODT of the mixture, and more preferably between 10 and 20° C. below the TODT of the mixture.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the process of the invention allows an ordered film to be deposited on a surface such as silicon, the silicon exhibiting a native or thermal oxide layer, germanium, platinum, tungsten, gold, titanium nitrides, graphenes, BARC (Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating) or any other anti-reflective layer used in lithography.
  • a surface such as silicon, the silicon exhibiting a native or thermal oxide layer, germanium, platinum, tungsten, gold, titanium nitrides, graphenes, BARC (Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating) or any other anti-reflective layer used in lithography.
  • BARC Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating
  • the surfaces can be said to be “free” (fiat and homogeneous surface, both from a topographical and from a chemical viewpoint) or can exhibit structures for guidance of the block copolymer “pattern”, whether this guidance is of the chemical guidance type (known as “guidance by chemical epitaxy”) or physical/topographical guidance type (known as “guidance by graphoepitaxy”).
  • a solution of the block copolymer composition is deposited on the surface and then the solvent is evaporated according to techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, the spin coating, doctor blade, knife system or slot die system technique, but any other technique can be used, such as dry deposition, that is to say deposition without involving a predissolution.
  • a heat treatment or treatment by solvent vapour, a combination of the two treatments, or any other treatment known to those skilled in the art which allows the block copolymer composition to become correctly organized while becoming nanostructured, and thus to establish the ordered film, is subsequently carried out.
  • the curing is carried out thermally at a temperature that is higher than TODT of block copolymer that exhibit a TODT.
  • the nanostructuring of a mixture of block copolymer having a TODT and of a compound deposited on a surface treated by means of the process of the invention resulting in the ordered film can take the forms such as cylindrical (hexagonal symmetry (primitive hexagonal lattice symmetry “6 mm”)) according to the Hermann-Mauguin notation, or tetragonal symmetry (primitive tetragonal lattice symmetry “4 mm”)), spherical (hexagonal symmetry (primitive hexagonal lattice symmetry “6 mm” or “6/mmm”)), or tetragonal symmetry (primitive tetragonal lattice, symmetry “4 mm”), or cubic symmetry (lattice symmetry m1/3m)), lamellar or gyroidal.
  • the preferred form which the nanostructuring takes is of the hexagonal cylindrical type.
  • CDU critical dimension uniformity
  • the images of the ordered films of BCP are taken on a CD-SEM R9300 from Hitachi.
  • the CD measurements are determined from the images with the software developed by the National Institutes of Health (http://imagej.nij.gov) following specific processing, although other image processing software can also be used to achieve the same result.
  • the image processing is carried out in four different steps: 1/ “thresholding” of the image in order to delimit the circumference of the perpendicular cylinders (determination of the threshold of detection of the various levels of grey), 2/ determination of the area and diameter of the cylinders thus defined (they are likened to ellipsoids), 3/ distribution of the diameters of the cylinders in the image according to a Gaussian distribution, 4/ extraction of the best parameters characterizing the Gaussian curve, including the specific “sigma” (standard deviation) thereof giving the value of the CDU.
  • the apparent diameter of the cylinders is strictly dependent on the image thresholding value: when the threshold is too low, the number of cylinders detected is correct and close to its maximum value, but their diameter is underestimated, and consequently the sigma of the Gaussian also.
  • the value of the threshold is correct, the correct number of cylinders is detected, and their diameter is close to its maximum value, without however it being certain that the apparent diameter is the correct one.
  • the value of the threshold is too high, the apparent diameter is very close to its maximum value, but by way of higher value (the value of the sigma is therefore possibly overestimated in this case), but a large number of cylinders is no longer detected since there is no longer any possible differentiation between the level of grey of the holes and the matrix.
  • This effect of the value is illustrated in FIG. 1 (influence of the processing of the initial SEM image on the values of the diameter of the cylinders of the ordered film of BCP, initial image: 1349 ⁇ 1349 nm).
  • the best parameters for adjustment of the Gaussian curve depend on the “pitch” thereof: if the pitch is too small, some frequency values will be zero even if located in the middle of the cylinder diameter range. Conversely, if the pitch, is too large, the adjustment according to a Gaussian curve no longer makes sense since all the values will have a single value. It is therefore necessary to determine the parameters for adjusting the Gaussian by various values of the curve pitch ( FIG. 2 , evolution of the characteristics (amplitude, position of the maximum, value of the sigma) of the Gaussian curve (solid line) adjusted with respect to the experimental values (dashed) for various pitch values).
  • DMA dynamical mechanical analysis
  • Measurements are realized on an ARES viscoelastimeter, on which a 25 mm-PLAN geometry is set.
  • the air gap is set at 100° C. and, once the sample settled in the geometry at 100° C., a normal force is applied to make sure of the contact between the sample and the geometry.
  • a sweep in temperature is realized at 1 Hz.
  • a 0.1% initial deformation is applied to the sample. It is then automatically adjusted to stay above the sensitivity limit of the probe (0.2 cm ⁇ g).
  • the temperature is set in step mode from 100 to 260° C., measurement is taken every 2° C. with an equilibration time of 30 s.
  • T odt is not observed as G′ is always higher than G′′. This block copolymer does not show any T odt lower than its degradation temperature.
  • 2.5 ⁇ 2.5 cm silicon substrate were used after appropriate cleaning according to known art as for example piranha solution then washed with distilled water.
  • a solution of a random PS-r-PMMA as described for example in WO2013083919 (2% in propylene glycol monomethylic ether acetate, PGMEA) or commercially available from Polymer source and as appropriate composition known from the art to be of appropriate energy for the block copolymer to be then self-assembled is deposit on the surface of the silicon substrate by spin coating. Other technic for this deposition can also be used. The targeted thickness of the film was 70 nm. Then annealing was carried out at 220° C. for 10 minutes in order to graft a monolayer of the copolymer on the surface.
  • PGMEA propylene glycol monomethylic ether acetate
  • Copolymers 4 and 5 were then blended (dry blending or solution blending) with a weight ratio of 80/20, ie 80% copolymer 4 and copolymer 3 was tested as comparative for the reference. Aim is to obtained the same period with blended copolymers 4 and 5 as for copolymer 3.
  • FIG. 4 exhibits SEM photos of blended composition (4 and 5) and non blended copolymer 3 for different thicknesses.
  • blended composition exhibit more regular pattern.
  • blended composition according to the invention exhibit the best results. Period uniformity and COD is lower with blended composition according to the invention and therefore have a better homogeneity organisation.

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