US20170197890A1 - Incorporation of biological agents in fertilizers - Google Patents

Incorporation of biological agents in fertilizers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170197890A1
US20170197890A1 US15/324,473 US201515324473A US2017197890A1 US 20170197890 A1 US20170197890 A1 US 20170197890A1 US 201515324473 A US201515324473 A US 201515324473A US 2017197890 A1 US2017197890 A1 US 2017197890A1
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Prior art keywords
biological
fertilizer
oil
biological agent
agent
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US15/324,473
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Inventor
Kathlene Laurie Jacobson
Troy William Hobbs
Lauren A. Balaban
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Mosaic Co
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Mosaic Co
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Priority to US15/324,473 priority Critical patent/US20170197890A1/en
Assigned to THE MOSAIC COMPANY reassignment THE MOSAIC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JACOBSON, KATHLENE LAURIE, BALABAN, LAUREN A., HOBBS, TROY WILLIAM
Publication of US20170197890A1 publication Critical patent/US20170197890A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C05G3/0041—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/005—Fertilisers containing potassium post-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/10—Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones
    • C05G3/0058—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention is directed to fertilizers and manufacture thereof, and more particularly incorporation of biological agents into fertilizers.
  • Agricultural inorganic fertilizers typically include a base comprising at least one of three primary inorganic nutrients—nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K). These fertilizers are identified by their NPK rating in which the N value is the percentage of elemental nitrogen by weight in the fertilizer, and the P and K values represent the amount of oxide in the form of P 2 O 5 and K 2 O that would be present in the fertilizer if all the elemental phosphorus and potassium were oxidized into these forms.
  • N-P-K proportions or concentration vary across fertilizer types and user needs.
  • the base fertilizer can comprise a phosphate fertilizer (such as monoammonium phosphate (“MAP”), diammonium phosphate (“DAP”), a potash fertilizer (such as muriate of potash (“MOP”)) or other potassium-based fertilizer, or a nitrogen-based fertilizer such as a fertilizer containing urea.
  • the fertilizers can also include any combination of secondary nutrients and/or micronutrients.
  • the secondary nutrients can include sulfur compounds, calcium, and/or magnesium, and the micronutrients can include iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, and/or chlorine.
  • the micronutrients and/or secondary nutrients can be added to solution in their elemental form, or as compounds, such as a salt.
  • Stressed areas such as those areas where soil conditions are highly saline, experience frequent drought or other stresses, often cannot support agriculture or have materially reduced yield levels. In these conditions, application of fertilizers alone may be insufficient to render the stressed area profitable. Much of the world is covered by such stressed areas, and therefore a solution to make these areas suitable for the profitable cultivation of crops is needed.
  • biological-laden or -inoculated fertilizer granules includes a dry fertilizer granule, and particularly an N-P-K based fertilizer (in which each of N, P, and K range from 0 to 100% relative content of each element), and a biological coating containing one or more biological agents or compositions, or “biologicals”, applied to the dry fertilizer granule.
  • the biological agents or compositions, or “biologicals” can comprise, for example, one or more biological chemicals, plant and other extracts, microbial agents, and/or other organisms.
  • the biological agent can comprise microorganisms, including, but not limited to, one or more species from a bacterial genus such as, but not limited to, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Azobacter , and Azospirillum , one or more species from a fungal genus or fungi such as Aspergillus , Mycorhizzae, Beauveria , Metarhizium , and Trichoderma , and/or one or more species from a yeast genus such as Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Sporobolomyces, Candida, Trichosporon , and Rhodosporidium .
  • a bacterial genus such as, but not limited to, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Azobacter , and Azospirillum
  • a fungal genus or fungi such as Aspergillus , Mycorhizzae, Beauveria , Metarhizium , and Trichoderma
  • the biological agent can comprise agents that are not microorganisms, including, but not limited to, small molecule and peptide-based compositions such as metabolites, peptides, lipopetides, hormones, peptide hormones, siderophores, glycopepetides, humates, surfactants, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids and amino acid derivatives, and/or nucleic acids and nucleic acid derivatives.
  • agents that are not microorganisms including, but not limited to, small molecule and peptide-based compositions such as metabolites, peptides, lipopetides, hormones, peptide hormones, siderophores, glycopepetides, humates, surfactants, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids and amino acid derivatives, and/or nucleic acids and nucleic acid derivatives.
  • antimicrobial agents, pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, surfactants, emulsifiers, pigments, dyes, and/or other additives can be combined with the biological agent
  • the biological coating is formed from a material or composition including an aqueous solution or dispersion and one or more biologicals dispersed throughout.
  • the biological coating material includes an oil-based carrier and one or more biologicals dispersed throughout.
  • the biological coating material contains a water-in-oil or an oil-in-water emulsion of an oil and a solution of water and one or more biologicals.
  • the biologicals, and optional other additives are dispersed in water to form a biological composition, and then the dispersion or solution is emulsified with oil, such that the biologicals are encapsulated by the water phase.
  • a biological-laden fertilizer can be made by a process including providing a plurality of granulated pellets comprising a fertilizer, mixing the plurality of granulated pellets, and spraying or otherwise coating the plurality of granulated pellets with such a biological-containing coating material.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a process for manufacturing a dry phosphate-based fertilizer, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a process for manufacturing a dry potash-based fertilizer, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a spraying system configured to apply a solution including biologicals to a dry fertilizer, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a process for manufacturing a biological containing emulsion, according to an embodiment.
  • Bios such as, but not limited to, biological chemicals, plant and other extracts, microbial agents, and/or other living organisms, such as, for example, endophytes, fungi, yeasts, and bacteria, can be added to dry fertilizers to improve plant health and overall crop yield.
  • the biologicals are added to fertilizer in the form of an emulsion, so that the biological can be suspended in water without undesirably increasing the moisture content of the fertilizer beyond a critical relative humidity at which the fertilizer is more likely to cake.
  • Use of fertilizers containing such biologicals can be sufficient to render stressed areas more profitable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustrating a non-limiting embodiment of a system that uses a process known as granulation to produce dry phosphate fertilizers.
  • the fertilizer granules are formed using the granulation methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,313 (“'313 'Patent”) entitled “Sulfur-Containing Fertilizer Composition and Method for Preparing Same,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the fertilizer granules are formed using the granulation methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,497,891 entitled “Method For Producing A Fertilizer With Micronutrients,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the granulation system illustrated in FIG. 1 is similar to the granulation process shown in FIG. 1 of the '313 patent, and also includes vessel 6 and spray or sparger 8 .
  • Vessel 6 is a device or vessel for generating a biological coating material comprising a solution, dispersion, or emulsion containing biologicals.
  • one or more biologicals in various non-limiting embodiments and combinations as described throughout, can be dissolved or dispersed in oils, in water, in emulsions thereof, or any other suitable carrier medium in vessel 6 .
  • examples of biologicals include one or more species from a bacterial genus such as, but not limited to, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Azobacter , and Azospirillum , one or more species from a fungal genus or fungi such as Aspergillus , Mycorhizzae, Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Trichoderma, and/or one or more species from a yeast genus such as Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Sporobolomyces, Candida, Trichosporon, and Rhodosporidium.
  • a bacterial genus such as, but not limited to, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Azobacter , and Azospirillum
  • a fungal genus or fungi such as Aspergillus , Mycorhizzae, Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Trichoderma
  • yeast genus such as Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Spo
  • compositions such as metabolites, peptides, lipopeptides, hormones, peptide hormones, siderophores, glycopeptides, humates, surfactants, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids and amino acid derivatives, and nucleic acids and nucleic acid derivatives.
  • antimicrobial agents pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, surfactants, emulsifiers, pigments, dyes, and/or other additives can be combined with the biological agent(s) in a biological composition.
  • compositions containing biological agents and other additives can be found in U.S.
  • vessel 6 can be a shear mixer, emulsifier, roller, or shaker/agitator, for example.
  • the biological coating solution could be applied to any of the inputs to granulation drum 10 , including the slurry from preneutralizer 22 , the sulfur from piston pump 16 , or the sulfates from belt feeder 11 .
  • biologicals included in embodiments can be applied at temperatures ranging from about 70° F. to about 210° F., or more particularly, from about 70° F. to about 180° F., or more particularly, from about 70° F. to about 160° F.
  • the system includes one or more spray stations 8 for application of a biological solution in combination with one or more other additives.
  • spray stations 8 can be used to apply a de-dust oil to fertilizer granules in addition to a solution containing biological, either sequentially or simultaneously.
  • the solution can comprises an aqueous based solution, an oil-based solution, or an emulsion, such as an emulsion of water-encapsulated biologicals emulsified with an oil.
  • Biologicals applied accordingly have the potential to enhance the growth and development of plants as well as function as a bio-pesticide to treat plant pests, such as, for example, plant diseases.
  • Application rates of the liquid-biological mixture can be in the range of 1-10 L/dry ton of fertilizer, for example.
  • the biological-inoculated composition can be applied to dry fertilizer in the range of 2-3 L/dry ton of fertilizer.
  • fertilizers can possess various densities of CFUs.
  • fertilizers can be sprayed with biological spray station 8 until they have a biological concentration of 10 6 CFU/g or more.
  • the fertilizer can be applied to soil via broadcasting, banding or other potential means.
  • the fertilizer acts as the delivery method for introducing biologicals to the soil.
  • the biological targets the plant rhizosphere and reduces the plant stress in one or more of several ways such as in the following descriptions.
  • biologicals can compete with pathogens for nutrients at the root surface.
  • biologicals can produce toxins that inhibit growth and reproduction of pathogens.
  • Biologicals can produce stimulatory compounds absorbed by the roots of plants, and can also parasitize fungal pathogens, insects, or nematodes.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating a system that uses a process known as compaction to produce dry potash fertilizers. Similarly to the granulation process shown in FIG. 1 , biologicals may be added at various points in a compaction process. As such, potash fertilizer can act as a carrier for the biologicals that are added in an emulsion.
  • potash fertilizer manufacturing process shown in FIG. 2 includes the steps of providing a raw fertilizer material feed, shown here as muriate of potash (MOP) feed 110 for exemplary purposes only.
  • MOP muriate of potash
  • a binder can be added at step 112 .
  • the fertilizer is blended in bulk at step 114 .
  • Steps 116 - 124 are a loop for properly sizing the finished fertilizer pellets.
  • compaction takes place, and at step 118 the compacted MOP (and any additives) are crushed.
  • the crushed MOP is screened for size. Undersized MOP pellets are returned, via step 122 , to be re-compacted.
  • Oversized MOP pellets are returned, via step 124 , to be re-crushed.
  • Those pellets that fit within some desired size parameters exit the sizing loop and make up the final product, at step 126 .
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a mixing system 200 by which the biologicals described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 can be added to dry fertilizer, according to an embodiment.
  • Mixing system 200 includes pipe 206 out , which is the outlet of a vessel. Pipe 206 out is connected to sprayers 207 .
  • Sprayers 207 deliver biological coating solution 208 which can comprise, as discussed above, an aqueous-based solution or dispersion, an oil-based solution or dispersion, or an emulsion of oil or water and biological-laden water (e.g. inoculated water-in-oil or -in-water, or inoculated water-in-oil-in-water), onto fertilizer 210 . While sprayers 207 are spraying biological spray 208 , mixer 212 agitates fertilizer 210 , to promote even distribution of biological coating solution 208 onto the pellets of fertilizer 210 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart depicting an emulsion process, according to one non-limiting embodiment.
  • Water 300 and biologicals 302 are combined into solution or suspension 304 .
  • Solution 304 is combined with oil 306 in a shear mixer 308 to form emulsion 310 .
  • shear mixer 308 generates emulsion 310 that contains pockets of solution 304 , such that biologicals 302 are dispersed only in water 300 .
  • This facilitates the use of biologicals 302 that are more stable in water 300 than oil 306 , as well as allowing subsequent coating of fertilizer in such a way that the relative humidity or moisture content of the fertilizer is not substantially increased. This can be important because significant increase in the water content of fertilizers can cause clumping or sintering.
  • oil 306 can be a dedusting oil, such as those described in WIPO Publication No. WO 2015/026806, entitled SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR ADDITION OF BENEFICIAL AGRICULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND/OR DEDUSTING ADDITIVES TO GRANULAR FERTILIZERS, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and/or can comprise oil having the trade name Dustrol, Dustrol Plus, VM160, N100, N150, N300 etc., mineral oils, vegetable oils, optionally inoculated with biologicals.
  • the biological-inoculated liquid or aqueous portion of the emulsion can have a biological concentration equal to or greater than 10 9 CFU/g.
  • the biologicals 302 are present in the emulsion 310 at a final concentration of about 10 3 to about 10 12 CFU (colony forming units)/g, and more particularly about 10 6 to about 10 9 CFU/g.
  • the coating is then added to the fertilizer, such as, for example 4.1 mls of an aqueous solution comprising biologicals can be added to every 1 lb of fertilizer, or alternatively, about 10 12 to about 10 15 CFU/L can be added to liquid fertilizer to achieve the above final target concentration.
  • water 300 is inoculated with biologicals 302 .
  • Optional other additives such as those described above, can also be dispersed within water 300 .
  • An oil such as mineral oil, load-out oil, and/or another oil source, is obtained and used as oil 306 such that the inoculated water solution 304 is mixed with the oil 306 using a high-shear mixer or blender to create water particles or pockets (containing biological and optional other additives) inside the oil.
  • the water particles can comprise 30-80% of the total emulsion. In this way, the critical relative humidity of the fertilizer is no changed or increased, thereby reducing the probability of caking.
  • suspending the biological in water in an oil-in water or water-in-oil emulsion can provide increased stability and/or efficacy. As such, it is often desirable to use water to protect the health of the biological 302 , but reduce the volume of water 300 on the fertilizer that is subsequently coated by emulsion 310 by suspending the biological-laden water solution 304 in oil.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
US15/324,473 2014-07-07 2015-07-07 Incorporation of biological agents in fertilizers Abandoned US20170197890A1 (en)

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US15/324,473 US20170197890A1 (en) 2014-07-07 2015-07-07 Incorporation of biological agents in fertilizers
PCT/US2015/039302 WO2016007460A1 (en) 2014-07-07 2015-07-07 Incorporation of biological agents in fertilizers

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US20170297967A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2017-10-19 Niha Corp. Bioactive nutrient fortified fertilizers and related methods
US20180029945A1 (en) * 2015-01-29 2018-02-01 José Luis Miranda Valencia Solid Granulated Fertilizer Formulated with Mineral Clays, Siderophore Chelating Agents, Secondary Nutrients and Micronutrients
US10487016B2 (en) 2015-08-12 2019-11-26 The Mosaic Company Acid treatment for fertilizers to increase zinc solubility and availability
US10654759B2 (en) 2013-08-19 2020-05-19 The Mosaic Company System and methods for addition of beneficial agricultural, biological, and/or dedusting additives to granular fertilizers
WO2022031845A1 (en) * 2020-08-04 2022-02-10 Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc. Plant fertilizer compositions and related methods for enhancing phosphorus solubility
CN114315479A (zh) * 2022-01-13 2022-04-12 李小斌 一种混合有真菌杀虫剂的液态农家有机肥
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