US20170117584A1 - Additive, electrolyte and lithium ion battery using the same - Google Patents

Additive, electrolyte and lithium ion battery using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170117584A1
US20170117584A1 US15/400,599 US201715400599A US2017117584A1 US 20170117584 A1 US20170117584 A1 US 20170117584A1 US 201715400599 A US201715400599 A US 201715400599A US 2017117584 A1 US2017117584 A1 US 2017117584A1
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Prior art keywords
maleimide
monomer
bismaleimide
additive
carbonate
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US15/400,599
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English (en)
Inventor
Guan-Nan Qian
Xiang-Ming He
Yu-Ming Shang
Jian-Jun Li
Li Wang
Jian Gao
Ju-Ping Yang
Yao-Wu Wang
Peng Zhao
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Tsinghua University
Jiangsu Huadong Institute of Li-ion Battery Co Ltd
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Tsinghua University
Jiangsu Huadong Institute of Li-ion Battery Co Ltd
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Assigned to JIANGSU HUADONG INSTITUTE OF LI-ION BATTERY CO., LTD., TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY reassignment JIANGSU HUADONG INSTITUTE OF LI-ION BATTERY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GAO, JIAN, HE, Xiang-ming, LI, JIAN-JUN, QIAN, GUAN-NAN, SHANG, Yu-ming, WANG, LI, WANG, Yao-wu, YANG, Ju-ping, ZHAO, PENG
Publication of US20170117584A1 publication Critical patent/US20170117584A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to additives, electrolytes and lithium ion batteries using the same.
  • Carbonate electrolytes are one of the most widely used electrolytes in a lithium ion battery.
  • Propylene carbonate (PC) is an ideal component of the electrolytes due to its low melting point ( ⁇ 55° C.), high boiling point (240° C.), high dielectric constant, and excellent ion conductivity at low temperatures.
  • PC molecules can be co-intercalated with a graphite anode during a discharge process of the lithium ion battery, it is difficult to form a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on a surface of the graphite anode.
  • SEI solid electrolyte interface
  • the graphite material would peel off continually during the application of the lithium ion battery, and the graphite anode would be irreversibly damaged, which greatly limits the application of the propylene carbonate.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing charge and discharge curves in a first cycle of one example and one comparative example of lithium ion batteries.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph comparing charge and discharge cycling performances of one example and one comparative example of lithium ion batteries.
  • an additive for a lithium ion battery is provided.
  • the additive is a polymer obtained by polymerizing a maleimide type monomer with an organic diamine type compound.
  • the maleimide type monomer comprises at least one of a maleimide monomer, a bismaleimide monomer, a multimaleimide monomer, and a maleimide type derivative monomer.
  • the maleimide monomer can be represented by formula I:
  • R 1 is a monovalent organic substituent. More specifically, R 1 can be —R, —RNH 2 R, —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 S(O)CH 3 , a monovalent alicyclic group, a monovalent substituted aromatic group, or a monovalent unsubstituted aromatic group, such as —C 6 H 5 , —C 6 H 4 C 6 H 5 , or —CH 2 (C 6 H 4 )CH 3 .
  • R can be a hydrocarbyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as an alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • An atom, such as hydrogen, of the monovalent aromatic group can be substituted by a halogen, an alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a silane group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms to form the monovalent substituted aromatic group.
  • the monovalent unsubstituted aromatic group can be phenyl, methyl phenyl, or dimethyl phenyl.
  • An amount of benzene ring in the monovalent substituted aromatic group or the monovalent unsubstituted aromatic group can be 1 to 2.
  • the maleimide monomer can be selected from N-phenyl-maleimide, N-(p-methyl-phenyl)-maleimide, N-(m-methyl-phenyl)-maleimide, N-(o-methyl-phenyl)-maleimide, N-cyclohexane-maleimide, maleimide, maleimide-phenol, maleimide-benzocyclobutene, di-methylphenyl-maleimide, N-methyl-maleimide, ethenyl-maleimide, thio-maleimide, keto-maleimide, methylene-maleimide, maleimide-methyl-ether, maleimide-ethanediol, 4-aleimide-phenyl sulfone, and combinations thereof.
  • the bismaleimide monomer can be represented by formula II:
  • R 2 is a bivalent organic substituent. More specifically, R 2 can be —R—, —RNH 2 R—, —C(O)CH 2 —, —CH 2 OCH 2 —, —C(O)—, —O—, —O—O—, —S—, —S—S—, —S(O)—, —CH 2 S(O)CH 2 —, —(O)S(O)—, —R—Si(CH 3 ) 2 —O—Si(CH 3 ) 2 —R—, a bivalent alicyclic group, a bivalent substituted aromatic group, or a bivalent unsubstituted aromatic group, such as phenylene (—C 6 H 4 —), diphenylene (—C 6 H 4 C 6 H 4 —), substituted phenylene, substituted diphenylene, —(C 6 H 4 )—R 5 —(C 6 H 4 )—, —CH 2 (C
  • R 5 can be —CH 2 —, —C(O)—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —O—, —O—O—, —S—, —S—S—,—S(O)— or —(O)S(O)—.
  • R can be the hydrocarbyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as the alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • An atom, such as hydrogen, of the bivalent aromatic group can be substituted by the halogen, an alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a silane group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms to form the bivalent substituted aromatic group.
  • An amount of benzene ring in the bivalent substituted aromatic group or the bivalent unsubstituted aromatic group can be 1 to 2.
  • the bismaleimide monomer can be selected from
  • the maleimide type derivative monomer can be obtained by substituting a hydrogen atom of the maleimide monomer, the bismaleimide monomer, or the multimaleimide monomer with a halogen atom.
  • the organic diamine type compound can be represented by formula III or formula IV:
  • R 3 is a bivalent organic substituent
  • R 4 is a another bivalent organic substituent
  • R 3 can be —(CH 2 ) n —, —CH 2 -O—CH 2 —, —CH(NH)—(CH 2 ) n —, a bivalent alicyclic group, a bivalent substituted aromatic group, or a bivalent unsubstituted aromatic group, such as phenylene(—C 6 H 4 —), diphenylene(—C 6 H 4 C 6 H 4 —), the substituted phenylene, or the substituted diphenylene.
  • R 4 can be —(CH 2 ) n —, —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —, —CH(NH)—(CH 2 ) n —, or —CH(CN)(CH 2 ) n —.
  • n can be 1 to 12.
  • An atom, such as hydrogen, of the bivalent aromatic group can be substituted by the halogen, an alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a silane group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms to form the bivalent substituted aromatic group.
  • An amount of the benzene ring in the bivalent substituted aromatic group or the bivalent unsubstituted aromatic group can be preferably 1 to 2.
  • the organic diamine type compound can comprise, but not limited to, ethylenediamine, phenylenediamine, diamino-diphenyl-methane, diamino-diphenyl-ether, or combinations thereof.
  • a molecular weight of the polymer can range between about 1000 to about 500000.
  • the maleimide type monomer is bismaleimide
  • the organic diamine type compound is diamino-diphenyl-methane
  • the additive is represented by formula V below:
  • a method for preparing the additive comprises:
  • a molar ratio of the maleimide type monomer to the organic diamine type compound can be (0.1 to 10):1, such as (0.5 to 4):1.
  • the second solution of the organic diamine type compound can be obtained previously by dissolving the organic diamine type compound in a solvent.
  • a mass ratio of the organic diamine type compound to the solvent can be (0.1 to 10):1, such as (0.1 to 0.5):1
  • the second solution of the organic diamine type compound can be transported into the first solution of the maleimide type monomer at a set rate via a delivery pump, and then stirred continuously for a set time to react adequately.
  • the set time can be in a range from about 0.5 hour (“h”) h to about 48 h, such as from about 1 h to about 24 h.
  • the solvent can be an organic solvent that dissolves the maleimide type monomer and the organic diamine type compound, such as gamma-butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, or N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).
  • an electrolyte liquid comprises an electrolyte salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and the additive.
  • the electrolyte salt and the additive can be dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
  • a mass-volume concentration of the additive in the electrolyte liquid can be about 0.01% (mass-volume concentration, w/v) to about 10% (w/v), such as about 0.1% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v).
  • the electrolyte salt and the non-aqueous solvent can be selected according to the application of the electrolyte liquid.
  • the non-aqueous solvent can comprise at least one of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, nitriles, amides and combinations thereof, such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, dipropyl carbonate, N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-methylformamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, propionitrile, anisole, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, glutaronitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfite, vinylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate,
  • the electrolyte salt can be a lithium salt that comprises but is not limited to at least one of lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium methanesulfonate (LiCH 3 SO), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), lithium hexafluoroantimonate (LiSbF 6 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), Li[BF 2 (C 2 O 4 )], Li[PF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ], Li[N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ], Li[C(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 ], and lithium bisoxalatoborate (LiBOB).
  • LiCl lithium chloride
  • LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • LiBF 4 lithium
  • an electrochemical battery comprises a cathode, an anode, a separator, and the electrolyte liquid.
  • the cathode and the anode are spaced from each other by the separator.
  • the cathode can further comprise a cathode current collector and a cathode material layer located on a surface of the cathode current collector.
  • the anode can further comprise an anode current collector and an anode material layer located on a surface of the anode current collector.
  • the cathode material layer and the anode material layer are arranged and spaced by the separator.
  • the cathode material layer can comprise a cathode active material.
  • the cathode active material can be at least one of layer type lithium transition metal oxides, spinel type lithium transition metal oxides, and olivine type lithium transition metal oxides, such as olivine type lithium iron phosphate, layer type lithium cobalt oxide, layer type lithium manganese oxide, spinel type lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, and lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide.
  • the anode material layer can comprise an anode active material, such as at least one of lithium titanate, graphite, mesophase carbon micro beads (MCMB), acetylene black, mesocarbon miocrobead, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and cracked carbon.
  • anode active material such as at least one of lithium titanate, graphite, mesophase carbon micro beads (MCMB), acetylene black, mesocarbon miocrobead, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and cracked carbon.
  • the cathode material layer and the anode material layer can respectively comprise a conducting agent and a binder.
  • the conducting agent can be carbonaceous materials, such as at least one of carbon black, conducting polymers, acetylene black, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphite.
  • the binder can be at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluoro rubber, ethylene oropylene diene monomer, and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • the separator can be a polyolefin microporous membrane, modified polypropylene fabric, polyethylene fabric, glass fiber fabric, superfine glass fiber paper, vinylon fabric, or composite membrane of nylon fabric, and wettable polyolefin microporous membrane composited by welding or bonding.
  • the preparation of the additive includes dissolving 4 grams (“g”) of bismaleimide and 2.207 g of diamino-diphenyl-methane in the NMP to form a solution. The oxygen is removed from the solution. The solution is heated to 130° C. and the reaction is carried out for 6 hours. After cooling, the additive represented by formula V is obtained in steps of precipitation using ethyl alcohol, washing and drying.
  • the additive is added in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery. More specifically, 1 mol/L of LiPF 6 is dissolved in a solvent mixture of propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate to obtain the electrolyte liquid, wherein a volume ratio of the propylene carbonate and the diethyl carbonate is 3:2. 1% (w/v) of the additive is added to the electrolyte liquid.
  • the lithium ion battery having the lithium metal as the cathode and the graphite as the anode is assembled. The lithium ion battery is charged and discharged at 0.2 C constant current in the voltage range between 0.01V to 2V.
  • the lithium ion battery is assembled and then charged and discharged under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that there is no additive added in the electrolyte liquid.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing charge and discharge curves in a first cycle of example 1 and comparative example 1 of lithium ion batteries. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that a voltage platform is emerged at about 0.7V in the charge and discharge curves in the first cycle of the lithium ion battery without the additive, which demonstrates that PC is co-intercalated with the graphite seriously, thereby the graphite anode is peeled off to cause irreversible damage. Meanwhile a voltage of the charge and discharge in the first cycle of the lithium ion battery adding the additive is rapidly falling to about 0V, and the voltage platform demonstrating that PC being co-intercalated with the graphite (about 0.7V) is shorter. It can thus be concluded that the additive decreases the co-intercalation effects between PC and graphite.
  • the additive is the same as in Example 1 and added in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery. More specifically, 1.2 mol/L of LiPF 6 is dissolved in a solvent mixture of propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate to obtain the electrolyte liquid, wherein the volume ratio of the propylene carbonate and the diethyl carbonate is 2:2. 1% (w/v) of the additive is added to the electrolyte liquid.
  • the lithium ion battery having the lithium metal as the cathode and the graphite as the anode is assembled. The lithium ion battery is charged and discharged at 0.2 C constant current in the voltage range between 0.01V to 2V.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph comparing charge and discharge cycling performances of example 1 and comparative example 1 of lithium ion batteries. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that by adding the additive, the co-intercalation effects between PC and graphite is decreased, and a discharge specific capacity of the lithium ion battery after 60 cycles reaches about 314 mAh/g equal or even higher than comparative example 1. It can thus be concluded that addition of the additive would not have negative effects on the cycling performances of the lithium ion battery.
  • the preparation of the additive includes dissolving 3.2 g of N-phenyl-maleimide and 2.34 g of diamino-diphenyl-methane in the NMP to form a solution. The oxygen is removed from the solution. The solution is then heated to 130° C. and the reaction is carried out for 8 hours. After cooling, the additive is obtained by precipitation processes using ethyl alcohol, washing, and drying.
  • the additive is added in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery is assembled and cycled under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • the test result shows that by adding the additive in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery, the co-intercalation effects between the PC and the graphite is decreased, and the discharge specific capacity of the lithium ion battery after 60 cycles reaches about 312 mAh/g.
  • the preparation of the additive includes dissolving 4 g of N,N′-ethenyl-bismaleimide and 2.75 g of diamino-diphenyl-methane in the NMP to form a solution. The oxygen is removed from the solution. The solution is then heated to 130° C. and the reaction is carried out for 7 hours. After cooling, the additive represented by formula V is obtained in steps of precipitation using ethyl alcohol, washing and drying.
  • the additive is added in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery is assembled and cycled under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • the test result shows that by adding the additive in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery, the co-intercalation effects between the PC and the graphite is decreased, and the discharge specific capacity of the lithium ion battery after 60 cycles reaches about 311 mAh/g.
  • the preparation of the additive includes dissolving 4.75 g of bismaleimide represented by formula VI and 2.75 g of diamino-diphenyl-ether in the NMP to form a solution. The oxygen is removed from the solution. The solution is then heated to 155° C. and the reaction is carried out for 6 hours. After cooling, the additive is obtained in steps of precipitation using ethyl alcohol, washing and drying.
  • the additive is added in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery is assembled and cycled under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • the test result shows that by adding the additive in the electrolyte liquid of the lithium ion battery, the co-intercalation effects between the PC and the graphite are decreased, and the discharge specific capacity of the lithium ion battery after 60 cycles reaches about 317 mAh/g.

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Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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CN201410324141.9A CN105244539B (zh) 2014-07-09 2014-07-09 添加剂、电解质溶液及锂离子电池
CN201410324141.9 2014-07-09
PCT/CN2015/081702 WO2016004816A1 (zh) 2014-07-09 2015-06-17 添加剂、电解质溶液及锂离子电池

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JP2019149363A (ja) * 2018-02-26 2019-09-05 臺灣塑膠工業股▲ふん▼有限公司 リチウム電池用重合物の製造方法、リチウム電池電解液及びリチウム電池
WO2021099714A1 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-27 Arkema France Électrolyte à base de sel de lithium
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WO2023128628A1 (ko) * 2021-12-28 2023-07-06 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 비수계 전해액 및 그것을 이용한 리튬 이차 전지

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WO2019059698A3 (ko) * 2017-09-21 2019-05-23 주식회사 엘지화학 리튬 이차 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-이차 전지
US11557792B2 (en) 2017-09-21 2023-01-17 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium-secondary battery including the same
JP2019149363A (ja) * 2018-02-26 2019-09-05 臺灣塑膠工業股▲ふん▼有限公司 リチウム電池用重合物の製造方法、リチウム電池電解液及びリチウム電池
WO2021099714A1 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-27 Arkema France Électrolyte à base de sel de lithium
FR3103637A1 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-28 Arkema France Electrolyte a base de sel de lithium
WO2023128628A1 (ko) * 2021-12-28 2023-07-06 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 비수계 전해액 및 그것을 이용한 리튬 이차 전지

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