Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
  • A61K31/015—Hydrocarbons carbocyclic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
  • A61K31/05—Phenols
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/12—Ketones
  • A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
  • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

• compositions and formulations comprising purified cannabinoids, flavonoids, and/or terpenes.
• Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that have three different species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis has long been used for hemp fiber, for seed and seed oils, for medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug.
• Cannabis is composed of at least 483 known chemical compounds, which include cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, proteins, glycoproteins, enzymes, sugars and related compounds, hydrocarbons, simple alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, simple acids, fatty acids, simple esters, lactones, steroids, terpenes, non-cannabinoid phenols, vitamins, pigments, and elements. These compounds are secreted on the glandular trichomes. Cannabinoids are unique to the cannabis plant and there have been 100 cannabinoids that have been isolated as purified (single) molecules.
• THC cannabinoids
• cannabinoids particularly tetrahydrocannabinol
• THC has many effects including pain relief, treating glaucoma, relieving nausea and vomiting during cancer treatments.
• the latter is sold as the drug dronabinol.
• the brand name in the US is Marinol. It is the pure isomer of THC, ( ⁇ )-trans- ⁇ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol which is man-made.
• Preparative gas chromatography has proven to be a suitable method for providing adequate pure samples of THC, Cannabidiol (CBD), and Cannabinol (CBN).
• CBD Cannabidiol
• CBN Cannabinol
• BHO butane hash oil
• CBN supercritical carbon dioxide
• the resin glands more commonly referred to as kief, contain a high concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes.
• the extraction process for kief involves placing the whole plant in a fine mesh screen shifter and gently shaking so that the kief falls through the screen away from the plant.
• the kief is sometimes compressed into rounds known as hash or hashish.
• compositions comprising new combinations of purified cannabinoids.
• compositions providing one or more purified cannabinoids in combination with a purified terpene Furthermore, there exists a need for compositions providing one or more purified cannabinoids in combination with a purified flavonoid. Additionally, there exists a need for compositions providing one or more purified cannabinoids in combination with a purified mineral.
• compositions having combinations of purified cannabinoids One embodiment of this disclosure provides compositions having one or more purified cannabinoids in combination with a purified terpene. One embodiment of this disclosure provides compositions having one or more purified cannabinoids in combination with a purified flavonoid. One embodiment of this disclosure provides compositions having one or more purified cannabinoids in combination with a purified mineral.
• compositions comprising:
• the term “purified” means isolated from the plant using chromatography, distillation, extractions, or similar technique resulting in a greater than 60% purity. In some embodiments the “purified” compositions disclosed herein are greater than 70% purity. In some embodiments the “purified” compositions disclosed herein are greater than 80% purity. In some embodiments the “purified” compositions disclosed herein are greater than 90% purity.
• the term “purified” includes enantiomerically pure compositions and also mixtures of enantiomers or isomers.
• Cannabinoids and other plant molecules may be extracted using various solvents and technologies including, but not limited to ethanol, butane, methane, carbon dioxide, ice, water, steam. Cannabinoids and other plant molecules may be extracted from plants bred to express desired cannabinoid and/or terpene and/or flavonoid profiles for purity. Cannabinoids and other molecules may be purified using supercritical fluid (“SFC”) extraction and similar technologies.
• SFC supercritical fluid
• the process of crystallization involves placing the compound of interest in a liquid and then cooling or adding participants to the solution which would lower the solubility of the compound of interest so that it forms crystals. In this example, crystals are then separated from the liquid through filtration or centrifuge.
• cannabinoid means any substance that acts upon a cannabinoid receptor.
• cannabinoid includes cannabinoid ligands such as agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists, or antagonists, as demonstrated by binding studies and functional assays.
• a cannabinoid can be identified because its chemical name will include the text string “*cannabi* in the name.
• each of the acid and/or decarboxylated forms are contemplated as both single molecules and mixtures.
• cannabinoids within the context of this disclosure include compounds belonging to any of the following classes of molecules, their derivatives, salts, or analogs: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabichromanon (CBCN), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabielsoin (CBE), Cannabidivarin (CBDV), Cannbifuran (CBF), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabicyclol (CBL), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabinodiol (CBND), Cannabitriol (CBT), Cannabivarin (CBV), and Isocanabinoids.
• THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
• THCV Tetrahydrocannabivarin
• CBC Cannabichromene
• CBCN Cannabichromanon
• CBDN Cannabidiol
• CBD Can
• terpene means an organic compound built on an isoprenoid structural scaffold or produced by combining isoprene units. Often, terpene molecules found in plants may produce smell.
• terpenes are built with isoprenes, which are 5 carbon structures. Flavonoids are generally considered to be 15 carbon structures with two phenyl rings and a heterocyclic ring. So, there could be an overlap in which a flavonoid could be considered a terpene. However, not all terpenes could be considered flavonoids.
• terpene includes Hemiterpenes, Monoterpenols, Terpene esters, Diterpenes, Monoterpenes, Polyterpenes, Tetraterpenes, Terpenoid oxides, Sesterterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Norisoprenoids, or their derivatives.
• terpenes include Terpenoids in their forms of hemiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, sesterterpenoid, sesquarterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, Triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, Polyterpenoids, isoprenoids, and steroids. They may be forms: ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, oxo-, isomers, or combinations thereof.
• terpenes within the context of this disclosure include: 7,8-dihydroionone, Acetanisole, Acetic Acid, Acetyl Cedrene, Anethole, Anisole, Benzaldehyde, Bergamotene ( ⁇ -cis-Bergamotene) ( ⁇ -trans-Bergamotene), Bisabolol ( ⁇ -Bisabolol), Borneol, Bornyl Acetate, Butanoic/Butyric Acid, Cadinene ( ⁇ -Cadinene) ( ⁇ -Cadinene), cafestol, Caffeic acid, Camphene, Camphor, Capsaicin, Carene ( ⁇ -3-Carene), Carotene, Carvacrol, Carvone, Dextro-Carvone, Laevo-Carvone, Caryophyllene ( ⁇ -Caryophyllene), Caryophyllene oxide, Castoreum Absolute, Cedrene ( ⁇ -Cedrene)
• acetanisole refers to a compound that has an anisole with an acetic group para to the methoxy group having the structural formula: Often acetanisole is characterized as having a medium strength, sweet, anisic, vanilla-like aroma with powdery, balsamic and benzaldehyde nuances. It is used
• acetic acid refers to a carboxylic acid with a methyl group. Often acetic acid is characterized as having a medium strength, sweet, anisic, vanilla-like aroma with powdery, balsamic and benzaldehyde nuances. Used in flavoring, it has been described as a sweet, anisic, fruity and cherry with powdery vanilla nuances.
• acetyl cedrene refers to a compound having a cedrene with an acetyl group and with the following structural formula:
• Acetyl Cedrene is often characterized as having a medium strength, warm, woody, amber musky aroma. It can constitute up to 20% of some fragrance concentrates.
• anethole refers to an aromatic compound having the following structural formula:
• Anethole is often characterized as having a very strong, sweet, anise, licorice aroma. It is used in a wide variety of fragrances and flavors. It has a sweet, anise, and spicy licorice flavor with a lingering, sweet aftertaste. Anethole has also shown some antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
• anisole refers to a compound having a benzene ring with a methoxy group with the following structural formula:
• Anisole is often characterized as smelling like anise seeds.
• benzaldehyde refers to a compound having a benzene ring connected to an aldehyde with the following structural formula:
• Benzaldehyde is often characterized as having an almond-like odor.
• bergamotene refers to a compound that includes either or both of ⁇ -cis-Bergamotene and/or ⁇ -trans-Bergamotene in a pure and/or mixture of any ratio.
• ⁇ -cis-Bergamotene refers to the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -cis-Bergamotene is often characterized as having a strong odor of ground black pepper. It is an aroma component of many species of the family orchidaceae. It has also shown some antioxidant activity.
• ⁇ -trans-Bergamotene refers to the following structural formula:
• the ⁇ -trans-Bergamotene is often characterized as having a medium strength, warm, tea-leaf-like odor. It is used in the chemical communication system of some species of aphids.
• bisabolol refers to either or both of the ⁇ and/or a forms of a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol in a pure and/or mixture of any ratio.
• the ⁇ form differs from the ⁇ form based on the position of the tertiary alcohol group.
• the ⁇ form refers to the following structural formula:
• borneol refers to a compound having the following structural formula:
• bornyl acetate refers to an acetate that has a borneol group with the following structural formula:
• butanoic/butyric acid refers to a carboxylic acid with the following structural formula: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH. It is often characterized as having an unpleasant, acrid odor normally found in perspiration, flatulence and rancid butter. It is the primary cause of the foul smell associated with human vomit as it is one of many stomach acids that helps break down food for energy, and it is a common addition to stink bombs for this reason.
• Cadinene refers to either or both of ⁇ -Cadinene and/or ⁇ -Cadinene as pure forms or mixtures in any ratio.
• ⁇ -Cadinene refers to an isomeric hydrocarbon sesquiterpene with the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Cadinene is often characterized as having a pungent, smoky, woody, guaiac wood-like odor. It is listed by the FDA as a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption. It has shown some antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimalarial activities.
• ⁇ -Cadinene refers to a compound having the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Cadinene is often characterized as having a herbaceous, herbal, woody aroma. It has shown some antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Many species of termites and a few beetles utilize ⁇ -Cadinene in their chemical communication systems.
• cafestol refers to a diterpene molecule having the following structural formula:
• caffeic acid refers to a compound having both a phenolic and acrylic functional groups with the following structural formula:
• camphene refers to a bicyclic monoterpene having the following structural formula:
• Camphene is often characterized as having a pungent, herbal, fir needle smell. Its odor has often been described as a camphoraceous, cooling, piney and woody with terpy nuances. It has citrus and green minty and green spicy notes.
• Camphene is used in fragrances and food additives. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian.
• camphor refers to a terpenoid that is similar in structure to camphene but instead possess a ketone instead of a double bond with the following structural formula:
• Camphor has a very characteristic odor for which the tree is named.
• the most recognizable product that contains the extracts of camphor is medicated chest rubs, which have the same distinct scent. It is a strong, penetrating, persistent odor. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent in chewing gum and hard candy.
• the therapeutic properties of camphor oil are analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, cardiac, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, hypertensive, insecticide, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, sudorific, vermifuge and vulnerary.
• capsaicin refers to a chemical compound with following structural formula:
• capsaicin In its pure form, capsaicin is often odorless. It is often characterized as an irritant for mammals, known for the sensation it provokes when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin. In this sense, it is similar to menthol (which stimulates the body's sensors without causing an actual change in temperature). Capsaicin is often used as an analgesic in topical ointments and dermal patches to relieve pain and as an anti-inflammatory.
• Carene ( ⁇ -3-Carene) refers to a bicyclic monoterpene that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -3-Carene is often characterized as having a medium strength, sweet, pungent citrus odor. It is a constituent of pine and cedar resin but is found in many other plants including rosemary.
• cypress oil high in ⁇ -3-Carene, is used to dry excess fluids, tears, running noses, excess menstrual flow and perspiration. It is thought to be at least partially responsible for the dry mouth and eye problems that are common side effects experienced by some cannabis users.
• carotene refers to any one of a series of related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C 40 H x .
• the ⁇ -carotene has the following structural formula:
• carotene refers to any of the isomeric forms of carotene in a pure and/or mixture in any ratio. Carotene is often characterized as appearing colored to the human eye.
• carvacrol refers to a monoterpenoid phenol that has the following structural formula:
• Carvacrol is often characterized as having a pungent, warm odor of oregano. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent and its flavor has been described as spicy, herbal, phenolic, medicinal and woody. Carvacrol is often responsible for the biological activities of oregano. Carvacrol exhibits many diverse activities such as: antimicrobial, antitumor, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antiparasitic, antiplatelet, AChe inhibitory, antielastase, insecticidal, antihepatotoxic and hepatoprotective activities.
• carvone refers to a monoterpenoid that it is similar in structure to a carvacrol but has a carbonyl group instead of an alcohol group.
• carvone includes the enantiomer forms S-(+) and R-( ⁇ ) as pure and/or mixtures in any ratio.
• dextro-carvone refers to the S-(+) enantiomer of carvone that has the following structural formula:
• Dextro-Carvone is often characterized as having a spicy, bready, caraway aroma. It is found in mandarin peel oil and gingergrass oil. It is the principal constituent (60-70%) of the oil from caraway seeds.
• laevo-carvone refers to the R-( ⁇ ) enantiomer of carvone with the following structural formula:
• Laevo-Carvone is often characterized as having a sweet, minty, herbaceous, spearmint odor. It is found in spearmint and kuromoji oils. It is used extensively in chewing gums and flavor oils such as spearmint, but is also used in spice and floral fragrances for air fresheners, perfumes, shampoos, deodorants, body wash, laundry detergents, cosmetics and toothpaste.
• Caryophyllene ( ⁇ -Caryophyllene) refers to a bicyclic sesquiterpene with the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Caryophyllene is often characterized as having a sweet, woody and dry clove odor and has a peppery, spicy with camphor and astringent citrus backgrounds. It is a major terpene found in black pepper, clove and cotton. It is often found in smaller percentages in many other green, leafy vegetables, herbs, and spices. Caryophyllene contributes to black pepper's spiciness. Caryophyllene oil is also used industrially to enhance tobacco flavor.
• caryophyllene oxide refers a compound with the following structural formula:
• Caryophyllene oxide is often characterized as having a lemon balm odor. It has shown some effectiveness as an insecticidal/anti-feedant and as broad-spectrum antifungal in plant defense. Caryophyllene oxide has the distinction of being the main component responsible for cannabis identification by drug-sniffing dogs.
• Cedrene refers to either or both of ⁇ -Cedrene and/or ⁇ -Cedrene as pure forms or mixtures in any ratio. The ( ⁇ ) ⁇ and (+) ⁇ form differ in the position of the double bond.
• ⁇ -Cedrene refers to a compound having the following structural formula:
• the ⁇ form is often characterized as having a medium strength, woody, sweet, fresh aroma of cedar. It is used in bakery items, sherbet and sorbet. It is a major component in the essential oil of cedar.
• the ⁇ form refers to a compound having the following structural formula:
• the ⁇ form is often characterized as having a medium strength, woody, fresh aroma of cedar. It is a major component in the essential oil of cedar.
• Cedrene Epoxide refers to cedrene with an epoxide group and having the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Cedrene Epoxide is often characterized as having a medium strength, woody, amber, tobacco, sandalwood, and fresh patchouli aroma. It is commonly used as a fragrance agent and a perfuming agent for cosmetics.
• cedrol refers to a sesquiterpene alcohol having the following structural formula:
• Cedrol is often characterized as having a very faint aroma that is sweet, soft, dry and cedar woody. Studies have shown cedrol to show deeply sedative effects when inhaled. Cedrol is a major component of cedar wood oil. It is found in the essential oil of conifers, especially in cypress and juniper. It has also been identified in Origanum onites , a plant related to oregano.
• Cembrene A refers to a monocyclic diterpene with the following structural formula:
• chlorogenic acid refers to an ester of the caffeic acid and a ( ⁇ )-quinic acid that has the following structural formula:
• Cinnamaldehyde refers to a phenyl group attached to an unsaturated aldehyde with the following structural formula:
• Cinnamaldehyde is often characterized as having a very strong, spicy, sweet cinnamon odor, and gives cinnamon its flavor. It occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum . Cinnamaldehyde constitutes 90% of the essential oil of cinnamon.
• ⁇ -hexyl-Cinnamaldehyde refers to a compound having the structural formula:
• ⁇ -hexyl-Cinnamaldehyde is often characterized as having a medium strength, sweet, floral, green, jasmine, citrus and fruity aroma with powdery, tropical or spicy notes. As a flavoring it is sweet, waxy, floral and green with citrus and fruity nuances.
• ⁇ -amyl-Cinnamaldehyde refers to a compound having the structural formula:
• ⁇ -amyl-Cinnamaldehyde is often characterized as having a medium, sweet floral, oily, fruity, herbal, jasmine, and tropical aroma. Used in flavorings it is tropical, waxy, floral, rosy and honey-like with a fruity nuance and body.
• cinnamic acid refers to a phenyl group double bonded to a propionic acid with the following structural formula:
• Cinnamic acid is often characterized as having a weak balsamic, sweet, storax, honey-like odor. It can be obtained from the oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax.
• cinnamyl alcohol refers to a phenyl group that is double bonded to a propanol group that has the following structural formula:
• Cinnamyl alcohol is often characterized as having a medium strength, cinnamon spice, floral green and fermented odor with powdery balsamic nuances. As a flavor component it has a green, floral, spicy and honey flavor with a fermented yeasty nuance.
• citronellal refers to a monoterpenoid that has the following structural formula:
• Citronellal is often characterized as making up to 80% of the leaf oil from Kaffir lime leaves and is the compound responsible for its characteristic aroma.
• Citronellal has a high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes and other insects. It is also shown to have strong antifungal qualities. Citronellal is the main component that gives citronella oil its distinctive lemon-lime scent.
• citronellol refers to an acyclic monoterpenoid that includes either or both of the (+) and ( ⁇ ) enantiomers as pure forms or mixtures in any ratio.
• the (+) enantiomer has the following structural formula:
• the ( ⁇ ) form has the following structural formula:
• Citronellol is often characterized as having a floral, rosy, sweet, citrus with green, fatty, terpene-nuanced odor. Used in flavorings it has a floral, rose, sweet, green with fruity citrus nuanced flavor. In studies it was shown to have a deeply sedating effect upon inhalation.
• cryptone refers to 4-Isopropyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one and has the following structural formula:
• Curcumene refers a compound with C 15 H 22 with either both ⁇ -Curcumene and/or ⁇ -Curcumene as pure forms or mixtures in any ratio.
• ⁇ -Curcumene has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Curcumene is often characterized as having an odor of Turmeric. It is found prominently in the Zingiber genus of Ginger. It is one of the main active ingredients of both Turmeric and Ginger oils. ⁇ -Curcumene has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Curcumene is often characterized as having an earthy aroma. It is found prominently in the Libocedrus bidwillii tree of New Zealand. It is one of the main active ingredients of both Turmeric and Ginger oils.
• decanal refers to a ten-carbon aldehyde having the following structural formula:
• Decanal is often characterized as having a very powerful, waxy, orange-peel, citrus like, sweet, aldehydic odor. It is used in fragrances and flavoring. Its flavor is a waxy, fatty, citrus and orange peel with a slight green melon nuance.
• Decanal occurs in nature and is an important component in citrus along with octanal, citral, and sinensal.
• dehydrovomifoliol refers to a cyclic terpenoid oxide having the following structural formula:
• Dehydrovomifoliol is often characterized as having a fruity and flowery odor. It has shown some cytostatic and antiviral activity.
• diallyl disulfide refers to a disulfide with an allyl group on each sulfide and having the following structural formula:
• Diallyl Disulfide is often characterized as having a strong, alliaceous, onion and garlic-like odor with metallic nuances. When highly diluted, it is used as a flavoring in food. It has a green onion and garlic-like flavor with meaty nuances. It is an organosulfur (organic compounds that contain sulfur) derived from garlic. It is also one of the main components of the distilled oil of garlic. Diallyl disulfide has many of the health benefits of garlic, but it is also an allergen causing garlic allergy.
• dihydroactinidiolide refers to a terpenoid oxide that has the following structural formula:
• Dihydroactinidiolide is often characterized as having a fruity, musky, coumarin tea-like, peach aroma. It is a flavoring agent for food and tobacco and used in tea flavors, berry flavors, other fruit flavors, brown flavors, seaweed, tomato and beer. It has shown antiproliferative effects.
• dimethyl disulfide refers to a disulfide with a methyl group attached to each sulfide that has the following structural formula:
• Dimethyl Disulfide is often characterized as having a high strength, sulfurous, rotten garlic, cabbage or onion type of aroma.
• Dimethyl disulfide along with dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl trisulfide are compounds given off by the plant known as dead-horse arum. Flies are attracted to the odor of fetid meat the combination of the three make, and they help pollinate this plant.
• eicosane/icosane refers to an alkane with the formula C 20 H 42 having 366,619 constitutional isomers with the following skeletal structure:
• Eicosane is often characterized as having a waxy odor. It is used in fragrance concentrates. It is the shortest compound found in paraffin waxes used to form candles. It is also used in insect repellent.
• Elemene ⁇ -Elemene refers to a cyclic sesquiterpene that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Elemene is often characterized as having a medium strength, sweet aroma.
• the parenteral form of ⁇ -elemene is isolated from Rhizoma zedoariae , a type of ginger, although it is a volatile terpene found in botanicals such as celery, mint, and it is prevalent in a variety of medicinal plants. It has a strong antiproliferative and anti-cancer effects against a broad spectrum of tumors.
• estragole refers to a phenylpropene that has the following structural formula:
• ethyl acetate refers to an ester of ethanol and acetic acid. Ethyl acetate is often characterized as having a medium strength, acidic fruity, dirty, cheesy, fermented odor with the strong nuance of Roquefort cheese.
• ethyl cinnamate refers to an ester of cinnamic acid and ethanol that has the following structural formula:
• Ethyl Cinnamate is often characterized as having a medium strength, sweet, balsamic, spicy, powdery, fruity, berry, and plum odor. It is used as a flavoring agent, where it has a balsamic, powdery, fruity, berry, punch, spice, sweet and green flavor with an amber note.
• ethyl maltol refers to a cyclic organic compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 that has the following structural formula:
• Eucalyptol/1,8-Cineole refers to a cyclic ether and monoterpenoid that has the following structural formula:
• Eucalyptol/1,8-Cineole is often characterized as having a camphor-minty odor of eucalyptus. In fact, it is the main ingredient in oil of eucalyptus . It is also found in other fragrant plants. It is used to increase circulation, and reduce pain and swelling when applied topically. Cineole readily crosses the blood/brain barrier, possibly helping other cannabinoids to cross more readily as well. The inhalation of cineole often increases cerebral blood flow and enhances cortical activity. The effects of cineole, when combined with oral or smoked Cannabis , are reported as being very uplifting, noticeably increasing mental and physical energy.
• Eudesmol refers to ⁇ -Eudesmol, ⁇ -Eudesmol, or ⁇ -Eudesmol as pure forms or mixtures in any ratio.
• ⁇ -Eudesmol has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Eudesmol is often characterized as having a sweet, woody odor. It's been shown to protect against brain injury after focal ischemia in rats. ⁇ -Eudesmol may be useful for the treatment of migraines. ⁇ -Eudesmol refers to the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Eudesmol is often characterized as having a sweet, green, woody, yuzu-like aroma. It has shown some antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-wood-decay fungal activities. ⁇ -Eudesmol refers to the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Eudesmol is often characterized as having a waxy, sweet, woody, floral odor.
• ⁇ -Eudesmol presents cytotoxic effect to cancer cells. All Eudesmol isomers displayed cytotoxicity to different tumor cell lines.
• eugenol refers to a phenylpropene that has the following structural formula:
• Eugenol is often characterized as causing the aromatic smell typical of cloves. It is sometimes called clove oil because it is the active element in cloves. Eugenol is found in insect attractants as well as UV absorbers. It is an antioxidant, and when mixed with zinc oxide, eugenol is a common base for temporary fillings.
• euphol refers to a tetracyclic triterpene that has the following structural formula:
• farnesene refers to six closely related compounds that are sesquiterpenes.
• (E,E)- ⁇ -Farnesene is one of these six molecules and has the following structural formula:
• farnesene refers to any one of the six closely related compounds, either alone or in combination of any other of those six closely related compounds.
• a species of aphids emit farnesene as a defense mechanism. It is often characterized as having a fragrance of magnolia flowers and has citrus notes with green, woody, vegetative odor with hints of lavender.
• farnesol refers to a cyclic sesquiterpene alcohol that has the following structural formula:
• Farnesol is often characterized as having a weak, mild, fresh, sweet, floral, linden tree odor. It is used as an agent in cosmetics, flavors and fragrances. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects and it has been suggested to function as a chemopreventive and antitumor agent with some analgesic potential. Farnesol is present in many essential oils such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, lemon grass, tuberose, rose, musk, balsam and tolu. It is used in perfumery to emphasize the odors of sweet floral perfumes. It is also a natural pesticide for mites and is a pheromone for several other insects.
• Fenchol ( ⁇ -Fenchol) refers to the isomer of borneol with the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Fenchol is often characterized as having a camphorous, borneol, piney, woody, dry, sweet, lemon scent. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent. It is an antioxidant and antimicrobial with limited antifungal properties.
• fenchone refers to a monoterpene and a ketone with the following structural formula:
• Fenchone is often characterized as having a camphorous, thuja, cedar leaf, herbal, earthy, woody aroma. As an additive, its flavor has been described as cooling, camphorous, sweet and minty with a musty, earthy nuance.
• geraniol refers to a monoterpenoid that has the following structural formula:
• Geraniol is often characterized as having a medium strength, floral, sweet, rosy, fruity odor with citrus to citronella-like odor nuances. Its flavor is floral, rosy, waxy and perfume-like with a fruity peach-like nuance. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent. It is used in flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. It is also used for cosmetic as a perfuming agent. Geraniol is a natural antioxidant. It inhibits DNA synthesis. In one study, Geraniol was shown to suppress pancreatic tumor growth.
• geranyl acetate refers to a monoterpene with a carboxylic acid with the following structural formula:
• Geranyl Acetate is often characterized as having a very strong, floral aroma with a fruity twist. It is found in a variety of natural oils from plants such as citronella, lemon grass, sassafras, rose, and many others. It exhibits strong antimicrobial properties.
• geranylfarnesol refers to an acyclic 25-carbon isoprenoid that has the following structural formula:
• germacrenes refers to a class of volatile organic hydrocarbons that are specifically sesquiterpenes.
• Germacrene refers to any of the five isomers as either pure forms or in any combination of the five isomers.
• Germacrene A refers to the following structural formula:
• Germacrene B refers to the following structural formula:
• Germacrene C refers to the following structural formula:
• Germacrene D refers to the following structural formula:
• Germacrene E refers to the following structural formula:
• the essential oil of the red deadnettle ( Lamium purpureum ) is characterized by its high contents of germacrene. Germacrene B is often characterized as having a potent odor ranging from spicy, warm and earthy to the sweet aroma of expressed lime oil. It is not used in food or fragrances.
• guaia-1(10), 11-diene refers to a bicyclic sesquiterpene that has the following structural formula:
• Guaia-1(10), 11-diene is often characterized as having an elegant and sweet woody aroma. It is used as a fragrance for a wide range of products from food additives, tobacco flavorings and general cosmetics, to odorizing rooms.
• guaiacol refers to an organic compound with a phenol group with a methoxy group in the ortho-position with the following structural formula:
• Guaiacol is often characterized as having a powerful, smoke-like, phenolic, spicy, woody somewhat medicinal odor. It has a sweet, powdery, musty, vanilla, floral, almond flavor. It is used chiefly as an expectorant, but is also used as a local anesthetic, an antiseptic and an intestinal disinfectant. Guaiacol is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenol and vanillin.
• Guaiene refers to a bicyclic sesquiterpene that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Guaiene is often characterized as having a medium strength, sweet, earthy, woody, balsamic, peppery aroma. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent in bakery items, cereals and cereal products, including flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, and edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet. ⁇ -Guaiene imparts earthy, spicy aromas and tastes. ⁇ -Guaiene also shows anti-inflammatory properties.
• Gurjunene ⁇ -Gurjunene
• ⁇ -Gurjunene is often characterized as having a slight, woody, balsamic odor. It can be used in cosmetics and fragrances. It has shown to be an antimicrobial as well as an antibacterial agent.
• herniarin refers to a methoxy derivative of coumarin that has the following structural formula:
• Herniarin is often found in Herniaria glabra, Ayanpana triplinervis , and in species of the genus Prunus ( P. mahaleb, P. pensylvanica , and P. maximowiczil ).
• hexanaldehyde refers to an aldehyde with the following structural formula:
• Hexanaldehyde is often characterized as having a very powerful, penetrating, fatty green, freshly cut grassy odor. It is also used in the flavor industry to produce fruity flavors that are green woody, vegetative, apple, grassy, citrus and orange with fresh lingering aftertastes.
• hexanoic acid refers to a carboxylic derivative of hexane that has the following structural formula:
• Hexanoic acid is often characterized as having a pungent, oily, acrid, sour, fatty, sweaty, rancid cheese odor. It is used as a flavoring agent as well as in cosmetics. It is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils. It is one of the chemicals that give the decomposing fleshy seed coat of ginkgo its characteristic unpleasant odor.
• Humulene refers to either or both the ⁇ -Humulene and/or the ⁇ -Humulene isomers as pure forms or mixtures in any form. They are monocyclic sesquiterpene with an 11-membered ring.
• ⁇ -Humulene refers to the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Humulene (obsolete name: ⁇ -Caryophyllene) is often characterized as having an aroma that has been described as bitter, medium woody, and hoppy.
• ⁇ -Humulene has shown anti-inflammatory properties.
• Humulene is one of the essential oils made in the flowering cone of the hops plant Humulus lupulus .
• the concentration of humulene varies among different varieties of the plant, but can be up to 40% of the essential oil of noble hops.
• Ionol refers to an antioxidant that is in a group of straining, sterically hindered phenols that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Ionol also refers to 3-oxo- ⁇ -ionol and/or ⁇ -Ionol in a pure and/or mixture of any ratio.
• ⁇ -Ionol is often characterized as having a sweet, woody, herbal, fruity, floral, violet, tropical and berry aroma. As a flavoring it is a floral, violet-like, fruity, woody, berry flavor with powdery nuances.
• Ionone refers to either or both ⁇ -Ionone and/or ⁇ -Ionone as pure forms or mixtures in any ratio as a group of compounds known as the rose ketones.
• ⁇ -Ionone refers to the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Ionone refers to the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Ionone is often characterized as having a flowery, violet, raspberry odor. It is a significant contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its relatively low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumes.
• ⁇ -ionone derived from grape carotenoids, plays an important role in the flavor of some red wines. The flavor imparted to wine by ⁇ -ionone is a component of fruity/floral character of some of the most sought-after red wines of Bordeaux, Burgundy and the Rhone Valley.
• ⁇ -Ionone demonstrates potent anticancer activity as well as antifungal properties.
• 7,8-dihydro- ⁇ -ionone refers to the following structural formula:
• ipsdienol refers to a terpene alcohol having the following structural formula:
• Ipsdienol is also one of the major aggregation pheromones of the bark beetle in which it is believed to be a mating attractant.
• isoamyl acetate refers to an ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid that has the following structural formula:
• isoamyl alcohol refers to 3-methyl-1-butanol that has the following structural formula:
• isoamyl formate refers to 3-methylbutyl formate that has the following structural formula:
• isoborneol refers to an isomer of borneol with the alcohol group in a different position with the following structural formula:
• Isoborneol is often characterized as having a camphoraceous, sweet & musty, India ink-like aroma. It has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and some limited antimicrobial properties. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent for beverages, ice cream, candy, baked goods, and chewing gum.
• isomyrcenol refers to a monoterpenoid with the following structural formula:
• Isomyrcenol is used in the chemical communication systems of the Spruce bark beetle, the Pinyon pine beetle and the Double-spined bark beetle.
• isopulegol refers to C 10 H 18 O with the following structural formula:
• isovaleric acid refers to 3-methylbutanoic acid with the following structural formula:
• isoprene refers to 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. Isoprene is considered to be the monomer that is connected together to provide the structural skeleton for most terpenes.
• kahweol refers to a diterpene that is structurally related to cafestol with the following structural formula:
• lavandulol refers to a monoterpene alcohol as either of its R and S enantiomer as pure forms or mixture in any ratio with the following structural formula:
• the (R) enantiomer is often characterized as having a weak floral, herbal odor with a slightly lemon-like, citrus fruity nuance.
• the (S) enantiomer is often characterized as having a weak odor.
• limonene refers to a liquid hydrocarbon that is a cyclic monoterpene with the following structural formula:
• Limonene is often found in high amounts in cannabis resin as well as tropical fruit rinds and many other fruits and flowers. The exact odor is determined by the structure of the terpene. Plants use limonene to repulse predators. For instance, flies have a group of receptors similar in function to the taste buds on our tongues. One of them detects noxious chemicals, and responds to Limonene as if it were toxic. This is hard wired into the fly's brain. Limonene is a potent antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer agent. Limonene has been used clinically to dissolve gallstones, improve mood and relieve heartburn and gastrointestinal reflux.
• Limonene has been shown to destroy breast-cancer cells in lab experiments, and its powerful antimicrobial action can kill pathogenic bacteria. Limonene sprays are also used to treat depression. Limonene is the second, third or fourth most prevalent terpene in almost all cannabis resins and it is a precursor to the synthesis of other cannabinoids. Limonene is highly absorbed by inhalation and quickly appears in the bloodstream. Since Limonene is known to affect the permeability of the cell membranes, it allows more THC to reach brain cells and increases the absorption of other terpenes. Limonene's design facilitates a direct response by quickly permeating the blood-brain barrier. The result is increased systolic blood pressure. One test, reported subjective alertness and restlessness.
• ⁇ -linolenic acid refers to a fatty acid with the following structural formula:
• linalool refers to a terpene alcohol that has the following structural formula:
• Linalool is being tested now for treatment of several types of cancer. It is also a component of several sedating essential oils including lavender oil, which is believed to possess antianxiety and sedative properties. In tests on humans who inhaled it, it caused severe sedation. In tests on lab rats it reduced their activity by almost 75%.
• linalool is a strong anticonvulsant, and it also amplifies serotonin-receptor transmission, conferring an antidepressant effect. Applied topically, linalool can heal acne and skin burns without scarring. Strains that are high in linalool may be particularly beneficial for patients who experience insomnia due to their sedating effects.
• linalyl acetate refers to an acetate ester of linalool that has the following structural formula:
• Linalool is often characterized as having a floral scent reminiscent of spring flowers such as lily of the valley, but with spicy overtones. It is a terpenoid prominent in lavender. It is refined from lavender, neroli, and other essential oils. Humans can detect its odor at rates as low as one part per million in the air.
• longifolene refers to a liquid hydrocarbon that is a tricyclic sesquiterpene with (+) and ( ⁇ ) enantiomers.
• (+) enantiomer refers to the following structural formula:
• the term “linalool” refers to either of its (+) and/or ( ⁇ ) enantiomers in a pure form or mixture in any ratio. It is often characterized as having a medium strength, sweet, woody, rosy, medical, fir needle odor. Longifolene is also one of two most abundant aroma constituents of lapsang souchong tea, because the tea is smoked over pine fires. The Norway spruce produces longifolene as its main product.
• ⁇ -Longipinene refers to a bicyclic sesquiterpene with the following structural formula:
• lycopene refers to a symmetrical tetraterpene made from 8 isoprene units with the following structural formula:
• luteolin refers to a flavonoid having the structural formula:
• menthol refers to a cyclohexane with the following structural formula:
• Menthol is often characterized as having a very strong, cooling, mentholic, minty, peppermint aroma and flavor. It is obtained from cornmint, peppermint or other mint oils. Menthol has local anesthetic and counter-irritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also acts as a weak kappa opioid receptor agonist. Menthol is responsible for the well-known cooling sensation it provokes when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin. In this sense, it is similar to capsaicin, the chemical responsible for the spiciness of hot chilies (which stimulates heat sensors, also without causing an actual change in temperature).
• methyl butyrate refers to a methyl ester of butyric acid that has the following structural formula:
• 3-Mercapto-2-Methylpentanal refers to an aldehyde with a thiol and methyl group with the following structural formula:
• 3-Mercapto-2-Methylpentanol refers to a pentanol with a thiol and methyl group with the following structural formula:
• mercaptan/thiols refers to an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl. It is often characterized as the main odor constituent added to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless), and the “smell of natural gas” is due to the smell of the mercaptan thiol used as the odorant.
• ⁇ -Mercaptoethanol refers to an ethanol with a thiol (mercaptan) group with the following structural formula:
• mercaptoacetic acid refers to a carboxylic acid with a thiol group with the following structural formula:
• allyl mercaptan refers to an allyl and thiol chemical compound with the following structural formula:
• benzyl mercaptan refers to a benzene and thiol chemical compound with the following structural formula:
• butyl mercaptan refers to a butyl and thiol chemical compound with the following structural formula:
• ethyl mercaptan refers to a thiol and ethyl chemical compound with the following structural formula:
• methyl mercaptan refers to a thiol with a methyl group with the following structural formula:
• furfuryl mercaptan refers to C 5 H 6 OS with the following structural formula:
• ethylene mercaptan refers to C 2 H 6 S 2 with the following structural formula:
• propyl mercaptan refers to a thiol with a propyl group with the following structural formula:
• Methyl Salicylate refers to an organic ester with the following structural formula:
• methylbutenol refers to a hemiterpenoid with the following structural formula:
• Methyl-2-Methylvalerate refers to a carboxylic acid with the following structural formula:
• methyl thiobutyrate refers to methyl butyrate that has a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom with the following structural formula:
• Myrcene ( ⁇ -Myrcene) refers to a monoterpene with the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Myrcene is often characterized as having an odor that is variously described as an aroma of hops, clove like, earthy, green-vegetative, citrus, fruity with tropical, mango and minty nuances.
• the various odors are the result of slight differences in the overall makeup. These flavors and odors are commonly used to describe Cannabis.
• ⁇ -Muurolene refers to a sesquiterpene with the following structural formula:
• Nepetalactone refers to a bicyclic monoterpenoid that has the following structural formula:
• nerol refers to a monoterpene with the following structural formula:
• Nerol is often characterized as having a strong, fresh, wet seashore to sweet rose odor. It is a constituent of attar of roses, oil of orange blossoms and oil of lavender. It is used as a fragrance in cosmetics and as a flavor agent. Its flavor has been described as lemon, bitter, green and fruity with a terpy nuance.
• nerolidol refers to a sesquiterpene with C 15 H 26 O with cis and trans isomers.
• the trans isomer has the following structural formula:
• the cis isomer has the following structural formula:
• Nerolidol is often characterized as having a mild, delicate odor that is floral, apple, rose, green and citrus-like with woody, waxy nuances. It can be found in ginger, niaouli and citronella. It is present as a low-level component in orange and other citrus peels. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent. Its flavor has been described as green, floral and woody with fruity-citrus and melon nuances.
• neryl acetate refers to an acetate ester of nerol with the structural formula:
• Nonanaldehyde refers to an aldehyde with the following structural formula:
• nonanoic acid refers to a carboxylic acid with the following structural formula:
• ocimene refers to a group of isomeric hydrocarbons that are monoterpenes.
• ⁇ -Ocimene has the following structural formula:
• ocimene can mean any of the isomers in a single pure form and/or combination.
• ⁇ -Ocimene is often characterized as having a medium strength, fruity, floral aroma with a wet cloth note. It is contributor to green odor of unripe mango and of mango ginger ( Curcuma amada ). It is used in oriental pickles.
• ⁇ -Ocimene is often characterized as having a medium strength, tropical, green, terpy and woody odor with vegetable nuances. It is used as a flavoring agent where it has a green, tropical, woody flavor with floral and vegetable nuances. It is a flavor and fragrance additive as well as a common component in many essential oils.
• ⁇ -cis-Ocimene is often characterized as having a medium strength, warm, floral, herbal, sweet, citrus-like aroma. It is a component of the chemical communication system of the tea weevil and cotton bollworm. It has shown some antioxidative properties.
• ⁇ -trans-Ocimene is often characterized as having a mild, herbaceous, citrusy sweet, orange to lemon aroma. It is used in the chemical communication system of boxelders, a few beetles, and the Phytoseiulus Persimilis predatory mite.
• octanal refers to an aldehyde with the following structural formula:
• Octanoic Acid refers to a saturated fatty acid with the following structural formula:
• p-cymene refers to an aromatic compound related to a monoterpene with the following structural formula:
• p-Cymene is often characterized as having a musty tang of terpenes with an orange to carrot odor, although synthetic p-Cymene can have a turpentine-like odor. It has shown Antibiotic, Anticandidal and AChE inhibiting properties. p-Cymene is a constituent of a number of essential oils, most commonly the oils of cumin and thyme.
• pentyl butyrate refers to an ester of a pentanol and butyric acid with the following structural formula:
• Phellandrene refers to a cyclic monoterpene with two isomers.
• ⁇ -Phellandrene has two double bonds within the ring with the structural formula:
• ⁇ -Phellandrene has one double bond in ring with the structural formula:
• Phenylacetaldehyde refers to an aldehyde with a phenyl group with the following structural formula:
• Phenylethanethiol refers to C 8 H 10 S that has multiple isomers.
• 2-Phenylethanethiol has the following structural formula:
• phenylethanethiol refers to any of the isomers as a pure compound and/or in any mixture. It is often characterized as having the high strength odor of rubber.
• phenylacetic acid refers to a phenyl and carboxylic acid compound with the following structural formula:
• phytol refers to diterpene alcohol with the following structural formula:
• Phytol is often characterized having a mild, light floral, balsamic, green jasmine, green tea type of aroma. It's been shown to prevent Vitamin A teratogenesis.
• ⁇ -Pinene refers to a bicyclic monoterpene with the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Pinene is often associated with the familiar odor associated with pine trees and their resins. It is a major component in turpentine and is found in many other plant essential oils in noticeable amounts including rosemary, sage, eucalyptus and many others. Pinene can be used medically as an expectorant, and topical antiseptic. It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier where it acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; that is, it inhibits activity of a chemical that destroys an information transfer molecule. This results in better memory. Pinene also promotes alertness and memory retention.
• ⁇ -Pinene refers to a monoterpene with the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Pinene is one of the most abundant compounds released by forest trees. It is one of the two isomers of pinene (The other being ⁇ -Pinene) and it shares similar properties.
• propanethiol refers to a thiol with a propane group with the following structural formula:
• pristimerin refers to a five-cyclic triterpene with the following structural formula:
• pulegone refers to a cyclic monoterpene with the following structural formula:
• Pulegone is often characterized as having a minty-camphor odor and flavor that is used in the candy industry. It is implicated in liver damage in very high dosages. Pulegone is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Thus, it stops the action of the protein that destroys acetylcholine, which is used by the brain to store memories. It may counteract THC's activity, which leads to low acetylcholine levels. The result is that you would forget more on THC alone than you would on THC accompanied by Pulegone.
• quercetin refers to a flavonoid with the following structural formula:
• retinol refers to a cyclic diterpenoid alcohol with the following structural formula:
• vitamin A It is a type of vitamin A that can be converted to other types of vitamin A.
• rutin refers to glycoside that has the following structural formula:
• citrus flavonoid found in many plants.
• sabinene refers to a bicyclic monoterpene that has the following structural formula enantiomers:
• Sabinene is often characterized as having a medium strength, warm, oily-peppery, woody, herbaceous and spicy pine odor with citrus notes. As a flavoring it is oily, citrus and tropical fruity. It is found in oak trees, tea tree oil, black pepper and is a major constituent of carrot seed oil.
• sabinene hydrate refers to a cyclic monoterpene alcohol with the following structural formula:
• cis-Sabinene Hydrate refers to the sabinene hydrate structure in which alcohol group is oriented behind the methyl group.
• trans-Sabinene Hydrate refers to the sabinene hydrate structure in which the alcohol group is oriented in front of the methyl group.
• Safranal refers to a monoterpene with an aldehyde that has the following structural formula:
• Safranal is an effective anticonvulsant, an agonist and it exhibits high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity as well as cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. It has also been shown to have antidepressant properties.
• ⁇ -Selinene refers to a bicyclic sesquiterpene that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Sinensal refers to a sesquiterpenoid that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Sinensal refers to a sesquiterpenoid that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Sitosterol refers to plant sterols with a similar structure to cholesterols that has the following structural formula:
• squalene refers to a hydrocarbon triterpene that has the following structural formula:
• taxadiene refers to a tricyclic diterpene that has the following structural formula:
• terpin hydrate refers to a drug commonly used to loosen mucus in patients with respiratory issues. It has the following structural formula:
• terpineol refers to a cyclic monoterpene alcohol with the following structural formula:
• the ⁇ isomer has an isopropyl alcohol group.
• ⁇ -Terpineol is often characterized as having a lilac, citrus or apple blossom to lime odor. It is used extensively in the perfume industry. Terpineol however, is often found in cannabis with high pinene levels. Therefore, the pungent aromas of pinene very often mask its odor. It is a minor constituent of many plant essential oils. It is also used in soaps for fragrance. It reduces the capability for movement by 45% in lab rat tests. It was also shown to be deeply sedating upon inhalation. This may partially account for the couch lock effects of some cannabis although it is not usually associated with body highs.
• terpinen-4-ol refers to the isomer of terpineol that has the following structural formula:
• Terpinen-4-ol is often characterized as having a pleasantly herbaceous, peppery, woody odor and is used in commercial fragrances. Terpinen-4-ol is used in fragrances for spice types. It is considered the primary active ingredient of tea tree oil. It is the compound of highest concentration in the essential oil of nutmeg. It also occurs in oil of cypress, juniper berry, Ceylon cardamom, marjoram, thyme, and a few others. It has been shown to act as an AChE inhibitor and as an antibiotic.
• ⁇ -Terpinene refers to a cyclic monoterpene that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Terpinene refers to a cyclic monoterpene that has the following structural formula:
• terpinolene/ ⁇ -Terpinene refers to a cyclic monoterpene with an isoprene group that has the following structural formula:
• Terpinolene is often characterized as having a medium strength, herbal aroma that has been described as fresh, woody, sweet and piney with a hint of citrus. Its flavor is a sweet, woody, terpy, lemon and lime-like with a slight herbal and floral nuance. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent. Its use in fragrances in the USA alone exceeds 50,000 lb/yr. Terpinolene is used in soap, detergent, creams, lotions, and perfume.
• thiophenol refers to a benzene ring with a sulfur atom that has the following structural formula:
• thujone refers to a bicyclic monoterpene with a ketone that has two diastereomeric forms that each has two possible enantiomers.
• ( ⁇ )- ⁇ -thujone has the following structural formula:
• thujone refers to any of the isomeric forms in a pure form or mixture of any ratio. It is often characterized as having a menthol like odor.
• thymol refers to a monoterpene phenol with the following structural formula:
• Thymol is often characterized as having a distinctive, strong flavor of the herb thyme. It is often found in oil of thyme, and extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme) and various other kinds of plants as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant, aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. Thymol is a natural monoterpene phenol derivative of Cymene.
• ⁇ -Tocopherol refers to a form of vitamin E that has the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Tocopherol is one of the most active component of the vitamin E complex, and this organic substance is the most powerful antioxidant in the lipid phase of the human body. ⁇ -Tocopherol can be to effectively deactivate free radicals and stop chain reactions before they can run away.
• Tonka undecanone refers to bicyclic structure with a carbonyl and ester that has the following structural formula:
• undecanal refers to an aldehyde that has the following structural formula:
• Valeraldehyde/Pentanal refers to an alkyl aldehyde with the following structural formula:
• verdoxan refers to a cyclic ether with the following structural formula:
• ⁇ -Y GmbH refers to a cyclic sesquiterpene with the following structural formula:
• Umbelliferone refers to a phenylpropanoid that has the following structural formula:
• vanillin refers to a phenolic aldehyde with the following structural formula:
• flavonoids means a class of secondary plant metabolites that have a general 15-carbon skeleton structure which consists of two phenyl rings and a heterocyclic ring.
• flavonoids within the context of this disclosure include broadly phenolic acids, stilbenoids, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, polyphenols, tannins, flavones, flavan-3-ols, Flavan-4-ol, Flavan-3,4-diol flavonols, phytochemicals, antioxidants, homoisoflavonoids, and any keytone containing compound including: flavonoids or bioflavonoids, isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids or their derivatives.
• cellulose means an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n .
• the phrase “substantially free from cellulose” is intended to distinguish purified components of naturally occurring plants (for example the cannabis plant) from the isolated chemical compounds that are free from plant material, such as cellulose.
• mineral means a naturally occurring substance that is solid, inorganic, and has an ordered atomic structure. Examples of minerals within the context of this disclosure include lithium.
• compositions comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified mineral.
• the purified mineral is lithium.
• the composition consists essentially of a first purified cannabinoid and a purified mineral.
• compositions comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the composition disclosed herein comprises a terpene chosen from 7,8-dihydroionone, Acetanisole, Acetic Acid, Acetyl Cedrene, Anethole, Anisole, Benzaldehyde, Bergamotene ( ⁇ -cis-Bergamotene) ( ⁇ -trans-Bergamotene), Bisabolol ( ⁇ -Bisabolol), Borneol, Butanoic/Butyric Acid, Cadinene ( ⁇ -Cadinene) ( ⁇ -Cadinene), cafestol, Caffeic acid, Camphene, Camphor, Capsaicin, Carene ( ⁇ -3-Carene), Carotene, Carvacrol, Carvone, Dextro-Carvone, Laevo-Carvone, Caryophyllene ( ⁇ -Caryophyllene), Caryophyllene oxide, Castoreum Absolute, Cedrene ( ⁇ -Cedrene) ( ⁇ -
• the composition disclosed herein comprises a terpene chosen from ⁇ -terpineol, Bergamotene ( ⁇ -cis-Bergamotene) ( ⁇ -trans-Bergamotene), Bisabolol ( ⁇ -Bisabolol), Borneol, Camphor, Capsaicin, Carvacrol, Caryophyllene ( ⁇ -Caryophyllene), Caryophyllene oxide, Cineole, Cinnamaldehyde ( ⁇ -amyl-Cinnamaldehyde) ( ⁇ -hexyl-Cinnamaldehyde), Cinnamyl Alcohol, Citronellal, Citronellol, Ethyl, Cinnamate, Eucalyptol/1,8-Cineole, Farnesol, Fenchol ( ⁇ -Fenchol), Geranyl acetate, Germacrene B, Guaiene ( ⁇ -Guaiene), Humulene ( ⁇ -Humulene) ( ⁇ -Humulene),
• the composition herein disclosed comprises of Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA), Cannabigerolic Acid monomethylether (CBGAM), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabigerol monomethylether (CBGM), Cannabigerovarinic Acid (CBGVA), Cannabigerovarin (CBGV), Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCA), Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabichromevarinic Acid (CBCVA), Cannabichromevarin (CBCV), Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabidiol monomethylether (CBDM), Cannabidiol-C 4 (CBD-C 4 ), Cannabidivarinic Acid (CBDVA), Cannabidivarin (CBDV), Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C 1 ), Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A), Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B (TH)
• the composition herein disclosed comprises a first purified cannabinoid chosen from Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabichromanon (CBCN), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabielsoin (CBE), Cannabidivarin (CBDV), Cannbifuran (CBF), Cannabicyclol (CBL), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabinodiol (CBND), Cannabitriol (CBT), Cannabivarin (CBV), and Isocanabinoids.
• THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
• THCV Tetrahydrocannabivarin
• CBC Cannabichromene
• CBCN Cannabidiol
• CBDV Cannabielsoin
• CBDV Cannabidivarin
• CBF Cannbifuran
• CBL Cannabicyclo
• the first purified cannabinoid is chosen from Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA), Cannabigerolic Acid monomethylether (CBGAM), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabigerol monomethylether (CBGM), Cannabigerovarinic Acid (CBGVA), Cannabigerovarin (CBGV), Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCA), Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabichromevarinic Acid (CBCVA), Cannabichromevarin (CBCV), Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabidiol monomethylether (CBDM), Cannabidiol-C 4 (CBD-C 4 ), Cannabidivarinic Acid (CBDVA), Cannabidivarin (CBDV), Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C 1 ), Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A), Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A
• CBDA Cannabigerolic Acid
• CBDA Cannabichromenic Acid
• CBC Cannabichromene
• CBCV Cannabidiolic Acid
• CBDA Cannabidiol
• CBDV Cannabidiolic Acid
• CBDA Cannabidiol
• CBDV Cannabidiolic Acid
• CBDA Cannabidiol
• CBDV Cannabidiol
• CBDV Cannabidiolic Acid
• CBDDA Cannabidiol
• CBDDM Cannabidiol-C 4
• CBDVA Cannabidivarinic Acid
• CBDV Cannabidiorcol
• CBD-C 1 Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A
• TCA-A Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified flavonoid.
• the composition herein disclosed comprises a flavonoid chosen from phenolic acids, stilbenoids, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, polyphenols, tannins, flavones, flavan-3-ols, Flavan-4-ol, Flavan-3,4-diol flavonols, phytochemicals, antioxidants, homoisoflavonoids, phenylpropanoids, Phloroglucinols coumarins, Naphthodianthrones, Steroid glycosides, bioflavonoids, isoflavonoids, and neoflavonoids.
• a flavonoid chosen from phenolic acids, stilbenoids, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, polyphenols, tannins, flavones, flavan-3-ols, Flavan-4-ol, Flavan-3,4-diol flavonols, phytochemicals, antioxidants
• the composition herein disclosed comprises a flavonoid chosen from Adenosine, Adhyperforin, amentoflavone, Anandamide, Apigenin, Cannaflavin B, Catechin (C), Catechin 3-gallate (Cg), Chlorogenic acid, cichoric acid, caftaric acid, Daidzein, Delphinidin, Eleutherosides, Epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), Epicatechins, Epicatechin, epigallocatechin, myricetin, Oxalic acid, Pelargonidin, Tannin, Theaflavin-3-gallate, Theanine, Theobromine, Theophylline, Tryptophan, Tyramine, Xanthine, Caffeine, Cannaflavin A, Cannaflavin B, Catechin (C), Catechin 3-gallate (Cg), Epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), Epicatechins (Epicatechin (EC)), epigallocatechin, Epigal
• the composition herein disclosed comprises a flavonoid chosen from Caffeine, Cannaflavin A, Cannaflavin B, Catechin (C), Catechin 3-gallate (Cg), Epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), Epicatechins (Epicatechin (EC)), epigallocatechin, Epigallocatechin (EGC), Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), Gallocatechin (GC), Gallocatechin 3-gallate (GCg)), Gamma amino butyric acid, Genistein, Ginkgo biloba , Ginsenosides, Quercetin, Quercitrin, or Rutin.
• a flavonoid chosen from Caffeine, Cannaflavin A, Cannaflavin B, Catechin (C), Catechin 3-gallate (Cg), Epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), Epicatechins (Epicatechin (EC)), epigallocatechin, Epigallocatechin (EGC), Epigallocatechin
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises Cannabichromene and at least one purified terpene chosen from Linalool, Borneol, Elemene, Myrcene, Nerolidol, Phytol, Terpinonlene, Bornyl Acetate, or Terpineol.
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises Cannabigerol and at least one purified terpene chosen from Linalool, Borneol, Elemene, Myrcene, Nerolidol, Phytol, Terpinonlene, Bornyl Acetate, or Terpineol.
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises Cannabinol and at least one purified terpene chosen from Linalool, Borneol, Elemene, Myrcene, Nerolidol, Phytol, Terpinonlene, Bornyl Acetate, or Terpineol.
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises Tetrahydrocannabivarin and at least one compound chosen from Pinene, Bornyl Acetate, Limonene, Caryophyllene, and Sabiene.
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises a cannabinoid chosen from Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabichromene and at least one compound chosen from Caryophyllene, Pinene, Bornyl Acetate, Cineole, and Limonene.
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of a cannabinoid chosen from Tetrahydrocannabinol or Tetrahydrocannabivarin and at least one compound chosen from Limonene and Caryophyllene.
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of a cannabinoid chosen from Tetrahydrocannabinol or Tetrahydrocannabivarin and at least one compound chosen from Limonene, Terpinolene, and Pulegone.
• composition comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Cannabichromene and at least one compound chosen from Linalool, Myrcene, and Terpineol.
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Cannabigerol and Myrcene.
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Cannabidiol and Myrcene.
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Cannabinol and at least one compound chosen from Linalool and Terpineol.
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Tetrahydrocannabivarin and at least one compound chosen from Cineole, Pinene, Bornyl Acetate, Limonene, Caryophyllene, and Sabinene.
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises at least one cannabinoid chosen from Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol and at least one terpene chosen from Caryophyllene, Pinene, Bornyl Acetate, Cineole, Limonene, Pulegone, Linalool, Hypericin, Pseudohypericin, Hyperforin, or Anthole.
• hypericin refers to a red-colored anthraquinone-derivative that has the following structural formula:
• pseudohypericin refers to a hypericin with one more alcohol group with the following structural formula:
• hyperforin refers to a prenylated phloroglucinol derivative with the following structural formula:
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Tetrahydrocannabinol or Tetrahydrocannabivarin and at least one compound chosen from Pulegone, Cineole, and Anethole.
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Myrcene.
• a compound comprising a purified cannabinoid and a purified terpene.
• the compound comprises of Tetrahydrocannabivarin and Myrcene.
• Cannabis plant material was cooled to ⁇ 20 C for 24 hours by placing the cannabis plant material in a freezer.
• the cold plant material was then triturated twice with cold ethanol (2 mL of ethanol at ⁇ 20 C per gram of cannabis plant material) by agitating the mixture plant material and ethanol for 3 minutes, then decanting the liquid from the mixture. Portions of decanted ethanol were combined and cooled at ⁇ 20 C for 24 hours.
• the precipitate was then removed by gravity filtration.
• the ethanol was removed from the filtrate by evaporation, leaving an amber oil.
• the oil was dissolved in ethanol (10-100 mg/mL). This solution was injected into a Supercritical Fluid Chromatograph equipped with an Ethyl Pyridine column. Pure fractions were collected and analyzed by LC-MS, Multiple Reaction Monitoring transitions, full scan detection, photodiode array detection, and Evaporative Light Scattering Detection to assess purity.
• Cannabis plant material was cooled to ⁇ 20 C for 24 hours by placing the cannabis plant material in a freezer.
• the cooled plant material was ground into particles having a diameter of approximately 2 mm.
• the particles were transferred into a cylinder and connected to a supercritical fluid extraction device for extracting cannabinoids and flavonoids.
• the extracted material was collected as an amber oil.
• the oil was dissolved in ethanol (10-100 mg/mL). This solution was injected into a Supercritical Fluid Chromatograph equipped with an Ethyl Pyridine column.
• a composition was formulated by combining the following components: THCV (1 g); CBG (1 g); CBC (1 g); THC (2 g); and CBD (4 g); b-Caryophllene (0.2); Linalool (0.005 g); Limonene (0.0019); Pilegone (0,005 g); and Humulene (0.005 g).
• a composition was formulated by combining the following components: THCV (1 g); CBG (1 g); CBC (2 g); THC (1 g); and CBD (2 g); 1,8-Cineol (0.005 g); ⁇ -Pinene (0.005 g); and Limonene (0.001 g).
• a composition was formulated by combining the following components: CBG (1 g); CBC (2 g); THC (4 g); and CBD (1 g); 1,8-Cineol (0.0025 g); ⁇ -Pinene (0.0025 g); b-Mycrene (0.001 g); and Limonene (0.001 g).
• a composition was formulated by combining the following components: THCV (2 g); CBG (1 g); CBC (1 g); THC 3 g); and CBD (1 g); b-Caryophyllene (0.0025 g); Linalool (0.001 g); 1,8-Cineol (0.0025 g); b-Mycrene (0.0025 g); Limonene (0,001 g); and Pilegone (0.001 g).
• a composition was formulated by combining the following components: CBG (1 g), THC (5 g); and CBD (1 g); b-Caryophyllene (0.05 g); Linalool (0.01 g); b-Mycrene (0.001 g); Limonene (0,001 g); Pilegone (0.01 g); and Humulene (0.01 g).

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Priority Applications (14)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=56789971

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (38)

Families Citing this family (22)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (35)

• 2016
  • 2016-02-26 WO PCT/US2016/019979 patent/WO2016138505A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2016-02-26 BR BR112017018316A patent/BR112017018316A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2016-02-26 MX MX2017010872A patent/MX2017010872A/es unknown
  • 2016-02-26 US US15/055,499 patent/US20160250270A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-02-26 AU AU2016225026A patent/AU2016225026A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-02-26 CA CA2977802A patent/CA2977802A1/fr active Pending
  • 2016-12-07 US US16/060,007 patent/US10821147B2/en active Active
• 2017
  • 2017-08-16 IL IL254025A patent/IL254025B/en active IP Right Grant

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events