US20160075858A1 - Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression - Google Patents
Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160075858A1 US20160075858A1 US14/852,670 US201514852670A US2016075858A1 US 20160075858 A1 US20160075858 A1 US 20160075858A1 US 201514852670 A US201514852670 A US 201514852670A US 2016075858 A1 US2016075858 A1 US 2016075858A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plastisol
- formula
- weight percent
- plasticizer
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(CO)COC(=O)C(C)(C)CO Chemical compound CC(C)(CO)COC(=O)C(C)(C)CO SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 0 [1*]C(=O)OCC(C)(C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC([2*])=O Chemical compound [1*]C(=O)OCC(C)(C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC([2*])=O 0.000 description 7
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C63/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C63/04—Monocyclic monocarboxylic acids
- C07C63/06—Benzoic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/003—Esters of saturated alcohols having the esterified hydroxy group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/74—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C69/75—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of acids with a six-membered ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/76—Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C69/78—Benzoic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/11—Esters; Ether-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2206—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of calcium, strontium or barium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
Definitions
- the invention relates to improving vibration damping on a substrate. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of plastisols to improve vibration damping on a substrate, such as the underbody of a vehicle. The invention also relates to novel plastisols and plasticizers for improving vibration damping.
- the objective of this invention is to provide improved vibration damping performance to metallic substrates.
- substrates include, but are not limited to, those used for the construction of vehicles.
- the objective of this invention is to provide improved vibration damping within the range of temperatures frequently encountered during driving, namely from ⁇ 30° to 50° C. and most frequently from ⁇ 10° C. to 40° C.
- Another objective of this invention is to provide improved vibration damping within this temperature range across the frequencies audible to humans, particularly in the low frequency range of 10 to 200 Hz as described in “Low Frequency Noise. What we know, what we do not know, and what we would like to know”, Leventhall, Geoff, Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 28, 2, pp. 79-104 (2009).
- NVH noise, vibration, and harshness
- laminated safety glass can be comprised of acoustic interlayers which suppress sound transmission. Applications of such acoustic interlayers can include glass panes in commercial and residential buildings and automotive glazing.
- Other sources of NVH in vehicles include engine noise, road noise, springs and suspensions, braking, and chassis vibration.
- Noise suppression techniques include component design to reduce vibration and sound transmission; use of composite materials instead of metals; elastomeric sleeves or guards; nonwoven fabrics; carpet or other materials applied to the vehicle interior; foam; liquid-applied damping formulations; and objects produced from viscoelastic materials, such as bitumen or asphaltic pads.
- asphaltic pads cannot easily be placed and conformed to some locations on a vehicle body, require manual application, are subject to embrittlement, and must continue to adhere to the metal substrate in order to be effective.
- Some materials contribute undesired weight to the vehicle, contrary to weight reduction goals designed to improve fuel mileage. Materials which require high temperature and/or long times to cure can slow production, add cost, and result in higher energy usage.
- NVH One mode of NVH is through vibration.
- Polymeric materials can damp, or reduce oscillations of, a substrate by dissipating the oscillation energy with their viscoelastic behavior.
- a standard measurement of damping utilizes the Oberst method and apparatus. In this method, a material engineered to confer damping behavior is affixed to a stainless steel bar which has negligible damping itself. The effect of the damping material is deduced from the behavior of the sample bar compared to an untreated reference bar. Damping behavior may also be measured using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis, or DMTA. In this technique, a sample is exposed to a sinusoidal force, generally over a range of temperatures or frequencies.
- DMTA Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis
- the modulus of a viscoelastic polymeric substance When heated, the modulus of a viscoelastic polymeric substance varies greatly from the glassy state at low temperatures, through the glass transition to a rubbery state, and finally to a lower viscosity molten state.
- the ratio of the storage modulus to the loss modulus a value known as the tan ⁇ , is a measure of the material's ability to damp vibrations. Higher tan ⁇ values signify more effective damping behavior.
- the DMTA tan ⁇ has been shown to correlate well with the Oberst bar testing.
- Plasticized polyvinyl chloride is well known in the automotive industry. Plasticized PVC applied as a plastisol in automotive underbody coatings and sealants, after thermal curing, can protect the vehicle from chipping by stones and other materials on the road surface. Such coatings also offer protection against corrosion, for example from salted roads. Plasticized PVC coatings can also provide a low level of reduction of the transmission of vibrations from metallic substrates. However, the performance of plasticized PVC coatings is inadequate to confer satisfactory vibration damping across the range of temperatures and noise frequencies typically encountered without the incorporation of additional damping techniques. These performance deficiencies are exacerbated when the desire to reduce NVH to vehicle passengers over traditional levels is considered. Despite these deficiencies, the ease of application and economy of PVC plastisols make them an appealing potential solution to the reduction of NVH should performance improvements be realized.
- An embodiment is a plasticizer comprising the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not each phenyl.
- Another embodiment is a plastisol comprising a polymeric component and a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- Yet another embodiment is a method of improving vibration damping of a substrate comprising affixing a plastisol onto a substrate.
- the plastisol comprises a polymeric component and a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- the term “and/or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed.
- the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
- affixing refers to providing continuous and intimate contact between the plastisol and the substrate such that the fused plastisol remains on the substrate.
- a plastisol can be affixed to a car underbody via spray coating the plastisol onto a car underbody and subjecting the coated car underbody to conditions to fuse the plastisol.
- adhered refers to using an adhesive to affix a fused plastisol sheet to a substrate.
- estersification product refers to the blend of “partial esters”, “mixed esters”, and “diesters” produced from the reaction of one or more carboxylic acids with a diol.
- partial esters refers to the reaction product wherein not all of the hydroxyls of a diol have fully reacted with a carboxylic acid.
- mixed ester refers to the reaction product wherein each of the hydroxyls of a diol has reacted with different carboxylic acids.
- diester refers to the reaction product wherein each hydroxyl of a diol has reacted with the same carboxylic acid.
- the esterification product can comprise the partial esters 1,3-pentanediol monobenzoate and 1,3-pentanediol monotoluate, the mixed ester 1,3-pentanediol benzoate/toluate, and the diesters 1,3-pentanediol dibenzoate and 1,3-pentanediol ditoluate.
- reaction product of formula (a) and formula (b) with formula (c) is intended to include carboxylic acids and the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (a) and/or formula (b) as explicitly set forth in the claims.
- plastisol refers to a liquid dispersion of polymeric resin particles, optionally with other ingredients, in a plasticizer.
- fused plastisol refers to the solid plastic material that is formed upon fusing the plastisol and subsequently cooling to a desired temperature.
- fusing refers to heating of the plastisol to a temperature sufficient to yield a solid structure with mechanical integrity.
- substrate refers to the material that provides the surface onto which the plastisol is affixed.
- An embodiment of the present invention is a plasticizer comprising the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not each phenyl.
- the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of the esterification product. In other aspects, the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.1:10 to 10:0.1 or 0.1:5 to 5:0.1 or 0.5:1.5 to 1.5:0.5.
- plasticizers can readily make the above-identified plasticizers starting from commercially available chemicals for Formulas (I), (II), and (III) and using process conditions well known in the art.
- the proportions of mixed esters formed when two carboxylic acids are used may be adjusted by varying the ratios of the two carboxylic acids.
- the esterification product formed by the reactions of the carboxylic acid(s) of formula (I) and formula (II) with the diol of formula (III) can contain several reaction products including (1) partial esters formed when not all of the of the hydroxyls of formula (III) are fully reacted with either formula (I) or formula (II), (2) mixed esters formed by the reaction of formula (I) with one hydroxyl of formula (III) and formula (II) with the other hydroxyl of formula (III) when R 1 and R 2 are different, and (3) diesters formed by the reaction of either formula (I) or formula (II) with both of the hydroxyls of formula (III).
- the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formula (IV)
- the esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester based on the total weight of the esterification product.
- Other examples of the amount of mixed ester based on the total weight of the esterification product include at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent, or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester.
- the amount of mixed ester ranges from 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 50 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 40 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 50 weight percent, or 20 weight percent to 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the esterification product.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a plastisol comprising a polymeric component and a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, tolyl, and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In another aspect, R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl.
- the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of the esterification product. In other aspects, the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.1:10 to 10:0.1 or 0.1:5 to 5:0.1 or 0.5:1.5 to 1.5:0.5.
- the plasticizer comprises propanoic acid, 3-(benzoyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(benzoyloxy)-2,2-dimethylpropyl ester (CAS No, 53370-64-2, HPHP dibenzoate), propanoic acid, 3-(toluoyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(toluoyloxy)-2,2-dimethylpropyl ester (HPHP ditoluate) and/or the corresponding mixed ester (HPHP benzoate/toluate).
- the plasticizer comprises the esterification product (IV)
- the esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester, based on the total weight of the esterification product.
- Other examples of the amount of mixed ester based on the total weight of the esterification product include at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester.
- the amount of mixed ester ranges from 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 50 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 40 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 50 weight percent, or 20 weight percent to 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the esterification product
- the plastisol comprises a polymeric component.
- the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, an acrylic polymer, and/or a vinyl chloride-containing copolymers.
- the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and/or an acrylic polymer.
- the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and/or polyvinyl acetate.
- the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and/or vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising vinyl acetate.
- the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising acrylic.
- the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride.
- the plastisol comprises plasticizer, polymeric component, and other components.
- other components include, but are not limited to, a second plasticizer, fillers, pigments, stabilizers, foaming agents, hollow materials, elastomeric materials, rheology control additives, and adhesion promoters.
- the amounts of plasticizer, polymeric component, and other components can vary widely.
- the plastisol comprises 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent plasticizer, 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent other components, each based on the total weight of the plastisol.
- Other examples include, 15 weight percent to 60 weight percent plasticizer, 15 weight percent to 60 weight percent polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 60 weight percent other components; or 20 weight percent to 45 weight percent plasticizer, 20 weight percent to 45 weight percent polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 50 weight percent other components.
- the viscosity of the plastisol can vary over a wide range.
- the plastisol has a viscosity ranging from 5,000 centipoise (cP) to 200,000 cP using Brookfield viscosity measurement at 23° C.
- the plastisol has a viscosity ranging from 30,000 cP to 120,000 cP or from 40,000 cP to 90,000 cP.
- the plastisol comprises a second plasticizer.
- the second plasticizer comprises phthalates; terephthalates; isophthalates; trimellitates; adipates; cyclohexanedicarboxylates; benzoates; phosphates; diesters of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, their oligomers, and mixtures thereof; citrates; succinates; alkyl sulfonates; fatty acid esters and epoxidized fatty acid esters; triglycerides and epoxidized triglycerides, optionally substituted; dianhydrohexitol diesters; pentaerythritol-based tetraesters; furan-based esters; other esters; ketals; and/or polymeric plasticizers.
- the second plasticizer comprises dioctyl terephthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate, di-2-propylheptyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisoundecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, triisononyl trimellitate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, isononyl benzoate, isodecyl benzoate, diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, dioctyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl
- the second plasticizer comprises dioctyl terephthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, dioctyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, and/or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate.
- the second plasticizer comprises, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, diisononyl phthalate, and/or diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate.
- the plastisol comprises fillers.
- fillers include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, clay, mica, graphite, zinc oxide, and calcium oxide.
- the fillers comprise calcium carbonate.
- the plastisol in one aspect, can comprise stabilizers.
- stabilizers include metal soaps, epoxidized oils and epoxidized fatty acid esters, and organotin compounds.
- the plastisol can be formulated or produced in a manner which incorporates more free volume into the fused plastisol.
- mechanical frothing may be applied to produce a foamed plastisol.
- the plastisol can comprise a chemical foaming agent which results in a foamed structure after fusing is completed.
- a foaming agent is azodicarbonamide.
- a catalyst is used along with the chemical foaming agent.
- foam stabilizers are used.
- hollow materials are incorporated into the plastisol. Nonlimiting examples of hollow materials include glass beads, microbeads, and/or microspheres, which can be produced from either inorganic or polymeric organic substances.
- the hollow materials are thermoplastic microspheres.
- the plastisol comprises elastomeric materials.
- elastomeric materials include nitrile-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrenated block copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, olefinic elastomers, olefinic copolymer elastomers, silicone elastomers, polysulfide elastomers, and/or polyurethane elastomers.
- additives to control rheology can be incorporated into the plastisols.
- These may include secondary plasticizers or diluents.
- additives include petroleum distillates; hydrocarbon oils such as, for example, mineral oil and mineral spirits; fatty acid esters; polyphenyl oligomers, optionally partially hydrogenated; and organic solvents.
- thickeners may be added to boost viscosity as desired. Materials and techniques for adjusting plastisol rheology are well known in the art.
- the plastisol comprises adhesion promoters.
- adhesion promoters include polyamidoamines, blocked isocyanates and isocyanurates, silanes, and/or epoxy resins.
- the fused plastisol has a maximum Tan Delta (Tan ⁇ max ) occurring between 20° C. and 50° C. and has Tan Delta at 30° C. (Tan ⁇ 30C ) ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, when measured on a sample nominally 0.6-0.7 mm thick, 3.2 mm wide, and 10-12 mm long using a Q800 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer with a Tension Clamp at a strain of 0.1% and at a frequency of 1 Hz and a temperature ramp rate of 3° C./min.
- Tan ⁇ max Tan Delta
- Tan ⁇ 30C Tan Delta at 30° C.
- Tan Delta at 30° C. ranges from 0.5 to 1.8 or 0.5 to 1.6 or 0.5 to 1.4 or 0.6 to 2.0 or 0.6 to 1.8 or 0.6 to 1.6 or 0.6 to 1.4 or 0.7 to 2.0 or 0.7 to 1.8 or 0.7 to 1.6 or 0.7 to 1.4.
- the maximum Tan Delta occurs between 20° C. and 40° C. or 30° C. and 50° C.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of improving vibration damping of a substrate comprising affixing a plastisol to the substrate, wherein the plastisol comprises a polymeric component and a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- All of the aspects of the plastisol described herein above can apply to the method of improving vibration damping of a substrate.
- These aspects include the options for R 1 and R 2 groups, plasticizer, the amount of mixed esters, polymeric component, the amounts of plasticizer, polymeric component, and other components in the plastisol, plastisol viscosity ranges, second plasticizers, fillers, stabilizers, foaming agents, hollow materials, elastomeric materials, rheology control additives, adhesion promoters, maximum Tan Delta and Tan Delta at 30° C.
- the substrate is not particularly limited. In one aspect, the substrate is metal. In one aspect, the substrate comprises steel. In one aspect, the substrate comprises aluminum. In one aspect, the substrate is part of a wheeled vehicle. In another aspect, the substrate is on the underbody of a wheeled vehicle.
- the method of affixing the plastisol onto the substrate comprises (a) applying the plastisol onto the substrate, (b) fusing the plastisol to produce a plastisol-covered substrate, and (c) cooling the plastisol-covered substrate to ambient temperatures.
- the method for applying the plastisol onto the substrate is not particularly limited.
- applying the plastisol onto the substrate comprises coating the substrate with the plastisol. Nonlimiting examples of coating include spray coating and/or extrusion coating.
- the method of affixing the plastisol to the substrate comprises (a) fusing the plastisol into a sheet and (b) adhering the sheet to the substrate.
- the fusing occurs at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 220° C. for a time period ranging from 1 min to 2 hours. In another aspect, the fusing occurs at a temperature ranging from 140° C. to 180° C. for a time period ranging from 15 min. to 40 min.
- a plasticizer comprising the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not each phenyl.
- esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester, based on the total weight of the esterification product; comprises at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent, or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester.
- a plastisol comprising a polymeric component and a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, tolyl, and linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester, based on the total weight of the esterification product; or wherein the esterification product comprises at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent, or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester.
- the other components comprise a second plasticizer, fillers, pigments, stabilizers, foaming agents, hollow materials, elastomeric materials, rheology control additives, and/or adhesion promoters; or
- polymeric component comprises the polyvinyl chloride and the acrylic polymer; the polyvinyl chloride and the polyvinyl acetate; the polyvinyl chloride and the vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising acetate; or the polyvinyl chloride and the vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising acrylic.
- the second plasticizer comprises phthalates; terephthalates; isophthalates; trimellitates; adipates; cyclohexanedicarboxylates; benzoates; phosphates; diesters of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, their oligomers, and mixtures thereof; citrates; succinates; alkyl sulfonates; fatty acid esters and epoxidized fatty acid esters; triglycerides and epoxidized triglycerides, optionally substituted; dianhydrohexitol diesters; pentaerythritol-based tetraesters; furan-based esters; other esters; ketals; and/or polymeric plasticizers; or wherein the second plasticizer is comprises dioctyl terephthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhe
- elastomeric materials comprise nitrile-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrenated block copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, olefinic elastomers, olefinic copolymer elastomers, silicone elastomers, polysulfide elastomers, and/or polyurethane elastomers.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene monomer
- rheology control additives comprise petroleum distillates; mineral oil and mineral spirits; fatty acid esters; polyphenyl oligomers; and/or organic solvents.
- adhesion promoters comprise polyamidoamines, blocked isocyanates and isocyanurates, silanes, and/or epoxy resins.
- Tan Delta at 30° C. ranges from 0.5 to 1.8 or 0.5 to 1.6 or 0.5 to 1.4 or 0.6 to 2.0 or 0.6 to 1.8 or 0.6 to 1.6 or 0.6 to 1.4 or 0.7 to 2.0 or 0.7 to 1.8 or 0.7 to 1.6 or 0.7 to 1.4.
- a method of improving vibration damping of a substrate comprising affixing a plastisol according to any of the embodiments B1-B20 onto a substrate.
- plasticizers are commercially available and were used without further processing; Eastman 168TM Non-Phthalate Plasticizer (Comparative Example 1), BenzoflexTM 9-88 Plasticizer (Comparative Example 2) and BenzoflexTM 131 Plasticizer (Comparative Example 3) (Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tenn.), and SanticizerTM 278 Plasticizer (Comparative Example 4, Ferro Corporation, Mayfield, Ohio). All other ingredients used in the plastisols hereafter described are commercially available and were used without further processing.
- a FlackTek SpeedMixerTM model 150FV was used to prepare PVC plastisols.
- To a mixing cup was added 10 grams GeonTM 121A PVC paste resin, 4 grams GeonTM 217 PVC blending resin, 6 grams UltraPflexTM precipitated calcium carbonate, 0.4 grams calcium oxide, 0.2 grams zinc oxide, 1.0 grams Varsol 18TM Non-dearomatized Fluid, and 10 grams of HPHP dibenzoate, (Example 1a).
- the contents were shaken in the mixer for 45 seconds and the side of the container was scraped. This process was repeated twice to ensure complete dispersion.
- the resulting plastisol was then deaerated in a desiccator to which vacuum was applied for 20 minutes.
- Samples for DMTA analysis were prepared by drawdowns of the deaerated plastisols onto release paper at a 25 mil thickness, then fused at 350° F. for 25 minutes. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) measurements were performed on these samples using a tension clamp on a DMA Q800 from TA Instruments. Samples were cut using a 1 ⁇ 8 inch precision cutter, and sample width and thickness were recorded into the software. After loading the sample into the tension clamps, the software measured and recorded sample length. A 0.1% strain was placed on the sample at a 1 Hz frequency. The sample was then cooled with liquid nitrogen to ⁇ 100° C. Once the temperature equilibrated, the sample was heated at a 3° C. per minute rate until a maximum of 100° C. was reached. Tan ⁇ results at temperatures from ⁇ 30° C. to 50° C., in 10° C. increments, are given in Table 1b.
- DMTA Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis
- Example 2 was repeated, using the type and amount of plasticizer and the amount of Varsol rheology control additive as indicated in Table 1a.
- the correspondent tan ⁇ results are given in Table 1b.
- the plastisol of Comparative Example C9 has a Tan Delta (Tan ⁇ ) of 0.70 at 30° C., it is made with the plasticizer Santicizer® 278 which is Texanol benzyl phthalate.
- the use of a non-phthalate plasticizer like Examples 1(a)-1(c) is strongly preferred over a phthalate plasticizer.
Abstract
Disclosed is a method for improving vibration damping of a substrate, such as the underbody of an automobile. The method comprises applying a plastisol which comprises a polymeric component and a plasticizer. The fused plastisol has improved damping behavior as determined using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. Novel plastisols and novel plasticizers are also disclosed.
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/050942 filed Sep. 16, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The invention relates to improving vibration damping on a substrate. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of plastisols to improve vibration damping on a substrate, such as the underbody of a vehicle. The invention also relates to novel plastisols and plasticizers for improving vibration damping.
- The objective of this invention is to provide improved vibration damping performance to metallic substrates. Examples of such substrates include, but are not limited to, those used for the construction of vehicles. More specifically, the objective of this invention is to provide improved vibration damping within the range of temperatures frequently encountered during driving, namely from −30° to 50° C. and most frequently from −10° C. to 40° C. Another objective of this invention is to provide improved vibration damping within this temperature range across the frequencies audible to humans, particularly in the low frequency range of 10 to 200 Hz as described in “Low Frequency Noise. What we know, what we do not know, and what we would like to know”, Leventhall, Geoff, Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 28, 2, pp. 79-104 (2009).
- The reduction of noise, vibration, and harshness (often abbreviated as NVH) to humans is a goal of many industrial processes. Exposure to NVH comes from numerous sources, and can be mitigated by various means. For example, laminated safety glass can be comprised of acoustic interlayers which suppress sound transmission. Applications of such acoustic interlayers can include glass panes in commercial and residential buildings and automotive glazing. Other sources of NVH in vehicles include engine noise, road noise, springs and suspensions, braking, and chassis vibration. Noise suppression techniques include component design to reduce vibration and sound transmission; use of composite materials instead of metals; elastomeric sleeves or guards; nonwoven fabrics; carpet or other materials applied to the vehicle interior; foam; liquid-applied damping formulations; and objects produced from viscoelastic materials, such as bitumen or asphaltic pads. Although effective to varying extents depending on the source of the noise, these techniques suffer from limitations. For example, asphaltic pads cannot easily be placed and conformed to some locations on a vehicle body, require manual application, are subject to embrittlement, and must continue to adhere to the metal substrate in order to be effective. Some materials contribute undesired weight to the vehicle, contrary to weight reduction goals designed to improve fuel mileage. Materials which require high temperature and/or long times to cure can slow production, add cost, and result in higher energy usage.
- One mode of NVH is through vibration. Polymeric materials can damp, or reduce oscillations of, a substrate by dissipating the oscillation energy with their viscoelastic behavior. A standard measurement of damping utilizes the Oberst method and apparatus. In this method, a material engineered to confer damping behavior is affixed to a stainless steel bar which has negligible damping itself. The effect of the damping material is deduced from the behavior of the sample bar compared to an untreated reference bar. Damping behavior may also be measured using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis, or DMTA. In this technique, a sample is exposed to a sinusoidal force, generally over a range of temperatures or frequencies. When heated, the modulus of a viscoelastic polymeric substance varies greatly from the glassy state at low temperatures, through the glass transition to a rubbery state, and finally to a lower viscosity molten state. The ratio of the storage modulus to the loss modulus, a value known as the tan δ, is a measure of the material's ability to damp vibrations. Higher tan δ values signify more effective damping behavior. The DMTA tan δ has been shown to correlate well with the Oberst bar testing.
- Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is well known in the automotive industry. Plasticized PVC applied as a plastisol in automotive underbody coatings and sealants, after thermal curing, can protect the vehicle from chipping by stones and other materials on the road surface. Such coatings also offer protection against corrosion, for example from salted roads. Plasticized PVC coatings can also provide a low level of reduction of the transmission of vibrations from metallic substrates. However, the performance of plasticized PVC coatings is inadequate to confer satisfactory vibration damping across the range of temperatures and noise frequencies typically encountered without the incorporation of additional damping techniques. These performance deficiencies are exacerbated when the desire to reduce NVH to vehicle passengers over traditional levels is considered. Despite these deficiencies, the ease of application and economy of PVC plastisols make them an appealing potential solution to the reduction of NVH should performance improvements be realized.
- An embodiment is a plasticizer comprising the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not each phenyl.
- Another embodiment is a plastisol comprising a polymeric component and a plasticizer. The plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- Yet another embodiment is a method of improving vibration damping of a substrate comprising affixing a plastisol onto a substrate. The plastisol comprises a polymeric component and a plasticizer. The plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- As used herein the term “and/or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and/or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
- The term “affixing”, as used herein, refers to providing continuous and intimate contact between the plastisol and the substrate such that the fused plastisol remains on the substrate. For example, a plastisol can be affixed to a car underbody via spray coating the plastisol onto a car underbody and subjecting the coated car underbody to conditions to fuse the plastisol. The term “adhering” as used herein, refers to using an adhesive to affix a fused plastisol sheet to a substrate.
- The term “esterification product”, as used herein, refers to the blend of “partial esters”, “mixed esters”, and “diesters” produced from the reaction of one or more carboxylic acids with a diol. The term “partial esters”, as used herein, refers to the reaction product wherein not all of the hydroxyls of a diol have fully reacted with a carboxylic acid. The term “mixed ester”, as used herein, refers to the reaction product wherein each of the hydroxyls of a diol has reacted with different carboxylic acids. The term “diester”, as used herein, refers to the reaction product wherein each hydroxyl of a diol has reacted with the same carboxylic acid. For example, if benzoic acid and toluic acid are reacted with 1-3-pentanediol, the esterification product can comprise the partial esters 1,3-pentanediol monobenzoate and 1,3-pentanediol monotoluate, the mixed ester 1,3-pentanediol benzoate/toluate, and the diesters 1,3-pentanediol dibenzoate and 1,3-pentanediol ditoluate. The term “the reaction product of formula (a) and formula (b) with formula (c)”, as used herein, is intended to include carboxylic acids and the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (a) and/or formula (b) as explicitly set forth in the claims.
- The term “plastisol”, as used herein, refers to a liquid dispersion of polymeric resin particles, optionally with other ingredients, in a plasticizer. The term “fused plastisol”, as used herein, refers to the solid plastic material that is formed upon fusing the plastisol and subsequently cooling to a desired temperature. The term “fusing”, as used herein, refers to heating of the plastisol to a temperature sufficient to yield a solid structure with mechanical integrity.
- The term “substrate”, as used herein, refers to the material that provides the surface onto which the plastisol is affixed.
- An embodiment of the present invention is a plasticizer comprising the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not each phenyl.
- In one aspect, the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of the esterification product. In other aspects, the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.1:10 to 10:0.1 or 0.1:5 to 5:0.1 or 0.5:1.5 to 1.5:0.5.
- One skilled in the art can readily make the above-identified plasticizers starting from commercially available chemicals for Formulas (I), (II), and (III) and using process conditions well known in the art. For example, the proportions of mixed esters formed when two carboxylic acids are used may be adjusted by varying the ratios of the two carboxylic acids.
- The esterification product formed by the reactions of the carboxylic acid(s) of formula (I) and formula (II) with the diol of formula (III) can contain several reaction products including (1) partial esters formed when not all of the of the hydroxyls of formula (III) are fully reacted with either formula (I) or formula (II), (2) mixed esters formed by the reaction of formula (I) with one hydroxyl of formula (III) and formula (II) with the other hydroxyl of formula (III) when R1 and R2 are different, and (3) diesters formed by the reaction of either formula (I) or formula (II) with both of the hydroxyls of formula (III).
- In one aspect, the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formula (IV)
- The esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester based on the total weight of the esterification product. Other examples of the amount of mixed ester based on the total weight of the esterification product include at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent, or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester. In one aspect, the amount of mixed ester ranges from 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 50 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 40 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 50 weight percent, or 20 weight percent to 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the esterification product.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a plastisol comprising a polymeric component and a plasticizer. The plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- In one aspect, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, tolyl, and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In another aspect, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl.
- In one aspect, the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of the esterification product. In other aspects, the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.1:10 to 10:0.1 or 0.1:5 to 5:0.1 or 0.5:1.5 to 1.5:0.5.
- In one aspect, the plasticizer comprises propanoic acid, 3-(benzoyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(benzoyloxy)-2,2-dimethylpropyl ester (CAS No, 53370-64-2, HPHP dibenzoate), propanoic acid, 3-(toluoyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(toluoyloxy)-2,2-dimethylpropyl ester (HPHP ditoluate) and/or the corresponding mixed ester (HPHP benzoate/toluate).
- In one aspect, the plasticizer comprises the esterification product (IV)
- wherein the esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester, based on the total weight of the esterification product. Other examples of the amount of mixed ester based on the total weight of the esterification product include at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester. In one aspect, the amount of mixed ester ranges from 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 50 weight percent, 10 weight percent to 40 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 50 weight percent, or 20 weight percent to 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the esterification product
- In addition to the plasticizer, the plastisol comprises a polymeric component. In one aspect, the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, an acrylic polymer, and/or a vinyl chloride-containing copolymers. In one aspect, the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and/or an acrylic polymer. In one aspect, the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and/or polyvinyl acetate. In one aspect, the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and/or vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising vinyl acetate. In one aspect, the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising acrylic. In one aspect, the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride.
- The plastisol comprises plasticizer, polymeric component, and other components. Examples of other components include, but are not limited to, a second plasticizer, fillers, pigments, stabilizers, foaming agents, hollow materials, elastomeric materials, rheology control additives, and adhesion promoters. The amounts of plasticizer, polymeric component, and other components can vary widely. For example, in one aspect the plastisol comprises 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent plasticizer, 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent other components, each based on the total weight of the plastisol. Other examples include, 15 weight percent to 60 weight percent plasticizer, 15 weight percent to 60 weight percent polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 60 weight percent other components; or 20 weight percent to 45 weight percent plasticizer, 20 weight percent to 45 weight percent polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 50 weight percent other components.
- The viscosity of the plastisol can vary over a wide range. In one aspect, the plastisol has a viscosity ranging from 5,000 centipoise (cP) to 200,000 cP using Brookfield viscosity measurement at 23° C. In other examples, the plastisol has a viscosity ranging from 30,000 cP to 120,000 cP or from 40,000 cP to 90,000 cP.
- In one aspect, the plastisol comprises a second plasticizer. In one aspect the second plasticizer comprises phthalates; terephthalates; isophthalates; trimellitates; adipates; cyclohexanedicarboxylates; benzoates; phosphates; diesters of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, their oligomers, and mixtures thereof; citrates; succinates; alkyl sulfonates; fatty acid esters and epoxidized fatty acid esters; triglycerides and epoxidized triglycerides, optionally substituted; dianhydrohexitol diesters; pentaerythritol-based tetraesters; furan-based esters; other esters; ketals; and/or polymeric plasticizers. In another aspect, the second plasticizer comprises dioctyl terephthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate, di-2-propylheptyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisoundecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, triisononyl trimellitate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, isononyl benzoate, isodecyl benzoate, diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, dioctyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, and/or dibenzoates produced from mixtures of diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol. In one aspect, the second plasticizer comprises dioctyl terephthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, dioctyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, and/or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate. In one aspect, the second plasticizer comprises, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, diisononyl phthalate, and/or diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate.
- In one aspect, the plastisol comprises fillers. Nonlimiting examples of fillers include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, clay, mica, graphite, zinc oxide, and calcium oxide. In one aspect, the fillers comprise calcium carbonate.
- The plastisol, in one aspect, can comprise stabilizers. Nonlimiting examples of stabilizers include metal soaps, epoxidized oils and epoxidized fatty acid esters, and organotin compounds.
- In one aspect, the plastisol can be formulated or produced in a manner which incorporates more free volume into the fused plastisol. In one such technique, mechanical frothing may be applied to produce a foamed plastisol. In another aspect, the plastisol can comprise a chemical foaming agent which results in a foamed structure after fusing is completed. One non-limiting example of such a foaming agent is azodicarbonamide. In one aspect, a catalyst is used along with the chemical foaming agent. In another aspect, foam stabilizers are used. In another aspect, hollow materials are incorporated into the plastisol. Nonlimiting examples of hollow materials include glass beads, microbeads, and/or microspheres, which can be produced from either inorganic or polymeric organic substances. In one aspect, the hollow materials are thermoplastic microspheres.
- In one aspect, the plastisol comprises elastomeric materials. Nonlimiting examples of elastomeric materials include nitrile-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrenated block copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, olefinic elastomers, olefinic copolymer elastomers, silicone elastomers, polysulfide elastomers, and/or polyurethane elastomers.
- In another aspect, additives to control rheology can be incorporated into the plastisols. These may include secondary plasticizers or diluents. Examples of such additives include petroleum distillates; hydrocarbon oils such as, for example, mineral oil and mineral spirits; fatty acid esters; polyphenyl oligomers, optionally partially hydrogenated; and organic solvents. Conversely, thickeners may be added to boost viscosity as desired. Materials and techniques for adjusting plastisol rheology are well known in the art.
- In one aspect, the plastisol comprises adhesion promoters. Nonlimiting examples of adhesion promoters include polyamidoamines, blocked isocyanates and isocyanurates, silanes, and/or epoxy resins.
- in one aspect, the fused plastisol has a maximum Tan Delta (Tan δmax) occurring between 20° C. and 50° C. and has Tan Delta at 30° C. (Tan δ30C) ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, when measured on a sample nominally 0.6-0.7 mm thick, 3.2 mm wide, and 10-12 mm long using a Q800 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer with a Tension Clamp at a strain of 0.1% and at a frequency of 1 Hz and a temperature ramp rate of 3° C./min.
- In one aspect, Tan Delta at 30° C. (Tan δ30C) ranges from 0.5 to 1.8 or 0.5 to 1.6 or 0.5 to 1.4 or 0.6 to 2.0 or 0.6 to 1.8 or 0.6 to 1.6 or 0.6 to 1.4 or 0.7 to 2.0 or 0.7 to 1.8 or 0.7 to 1.6 or 0.7 to 1.4. In one aspect, the maximum Tan Delta (Tan δmax) occurs between 20° C. and 40° C. or 30° C. and 50° C.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of improving vibration damping of a substrate comprising affixing a plastisol to the substrate, wherein the plastisol comprises a polymeric component and a plasticizer. The plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- All of the aspects of the plastisol described herein above can apply to the method of improving vibration damping of a substrate. These aspects include the options for R1 and R2 groups, plasticizer, the amount of mixed esters, polymeric component, the amounts of plasticizer, polymeric component, and other components in the plastisol, plastisol viscosity ranges, second plasticizers, fillers, stabilizers, foaming agents, hollow materials, elastomeric materials, rheology control additives, adhesion promoters, maximum Tan Delta and Tan Delta at 30° C.
- The substrate is not particularly limited. In one aspect, the substrate is metal. In one aspect, the substrate comprises steel. In one aspect, the substrate comprises aluminum. In one aspect, the substrate is part of a wheeled vehicle. In another aspect, the substrate is on the underbody of a wheeled vehicle.
- In one aspect, the method of affixing the plastisol onto the substrate comprises (a) applying the plastisol onto the substrate, (b) fusing the plastisol to produce a plastisol-covered substrate, and (c) cooling the plastisol-covered substrate to ambient temperatures. The method for applying the plastisol onto the substrate is not particularly limited. In one aspect, applying the plastisol onto the substrate comprises coating the substrate with the plastisol. Nonlimiting examples of coating include spray coating and/or extrusion coating.
- In one aspect, the method of affixing the plastisol to the substrate comprises (a) fusing the plastisol into a sheet and (b) adhering the sheet to the substrate.
- In one aspect, the fusing occurs at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 220° C. for a time period ranging from 1 min to 2 hours. In another aspect, the fusing occurs at a temperature ranging from 140° C. to 180° C. for a time period ranging from 15 min. to 40 min.
- Listed below are non-limiting embodiments.
- A1. A plasticizer comprising the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not each phenyl.
- A2. The plasticizer according to embodiment A1, wherein the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of the esterification product; or wherein the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.1:10 to 10:0.1 or 0.1:5 to 5:0.1 or 0.5:1.5 to 1.5:0.5.
- A3. The plasticizer according to any of embodiments A1-A2, wherein the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formula (IV)
- and wherein the esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester, based on the total weight of the esterification product; comprises at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent, or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester.
- B1. A plastisol comprising a polymeric component and a plasticizer. The plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
-
R1COOH (I) - and formula (II)
-
R2COOH (II) - or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and a linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- B2. The plastisol according to embodiment B1, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, tolyl, and linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- B3. The plastisol according to embodiment B2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl.
- B4. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B2-B3, wherein the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of the esterification product; or wherein the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.1:10 to 10:0.1 or 0.1:5 to 5:0.1 or 0.5:1.5 to 1.5:0.5.
- B5. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B1-B4, wherein the plasticizer comprises the esterification product formula (IV)
- and wherein the esterification product comprises at least 10 weight percent of a mixed ester, based on the total weight of the esterification product; or wherein the esterification product comprises at least 15 weight percent, at least 20 weight percent, at least 25 weight percent, at least 30 weight percent, at least 40 weight percent, or at least 50 weight percent of a mixed ester.
- B6. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B1-B5, comprising 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent of the plasticizer, 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent of the polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent of other components, each based on the total weight of the plastisol, and wherein the other components comprise a second plasticizer, fillers, pigments, stabilizers, foaming agents, hollow materials, elastomeric materials, rheology control additives, and/or adhesion promoters; or 15 weight percent to 60 weight percent of the plasticizer, 15 weight percent to 60 weight percent of the polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 60 weight percent of other components; or 20 weight percent to 45 weight percent of the plasticizer, 20 weight percent to 45 weight percent of the polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 50 weight percent of other components.
- B7. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B1-B6, wherein the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic polymers, and/or vinyl chloride-containing copolymers; or wherein the polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride.
- B8. The plastisol according to embodiment B7, wherein the polymeric component comprises the polyvinyl chloride and the acrylic polymer; the polyvinyl chloride and the polyvinyl acetate; the polyvinyl chloride and the vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising acetate; or the polyvinyl chloride and the vinyl chloride-containing copolymers comprising acrylic.
- B9. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B1-B8, wherein the plastisol has a viscosity ranging from 5,000 to 200,000 cP using Brookfield viscosity measurement at 23° C.; wherein the plastisol has a viscosity ranging from 30,000 to 120,000 cP; or wherein the plastisol has a viscosity ranging from 40,000 to 90,000 cP.
- B10. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B9, wherein the second plasticizer comprises phthalates; terephthalates; isophthalates; trimellitates; adipates; cyclohexanedicarboxylates; benzoates; phosphates; diesters of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, their oligomers, and mixtures thereof; citrates; succinates; alkyl sulfonates; fatty acid esters and epoxidized fatty acid esters; triglycerides and epoxidized triglycerides, optionally substituted; dianhydrohexitol diesters; pentaerythritol-based tetraesters; furan-based esters; other esters; ketals; and/or polymeric plasticizers; or wherein the second plasticizer is comprises dioctyl terephthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate, di-2-propylheptyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisoundecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, triisononyl trimellitate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, isononyl benzoate, isodecyl benzoate, diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, dioctyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, and/or dibenzoates produced from mixtures of diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.
- B11. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B10, wherein the fillers comprise calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, clay, mica, graphite, zinc oxide, and/or calcium oxide; or the fillers comprise calcium carbonate.
- B12. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B11, wherein the stabilizers comprise metal soaps, epoxidized oils and epoxidized fatty acid esters, and/or organotin compounds.
- B13. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B12, wherein the foaming agents comprise azodicarbonamide.
- B14. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B13, wherein the hollow materials comprise inorganic or organic glass beads, microbeads, and/or microspheres.
- B15. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B14, wherein the elastomeric materials comprise nitrile-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrenated block copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, olefinic elastomers, olefinic copolymer elastomers, silicone elastomers, polysulfide elastomers, and/or polyurethane elastomers.
- B16. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B15, wherein the rheology control additives comprise petroleum distillates; mineral oil and mineral spirits; fatty acid esters; polyphenyl oligomers; and/or organic solvents.
- B17. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B6-B16, wherein the adhesion promoters comprise polyamidoamines, blocked isocyanates and isocyanurates, silanes, and/or epoxy resins.
- B18. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B1-B17, wherein the fused plastisol has a maximum Tan Delta (Tan δmax) occurring between 20° C. and 50° C. and has Tan Delta at 30° C. (Tan δ30C) ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, when measured on a sample nominally 0.6-0.7 mm thick, 3.2 mm wide, and 10-12 mm long using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer with a Tension Clamp at a strain of 0.1% and at a frequency of 1 Hz and a temperature ramp rate of 3° C./min.
- B19. The plastisol according to embodiment B18, wherein the Tan Delta at 30° C. (Tan δ30C) ranges from 0.5 to 1.8 or 0.5 to 1.6 or 0.5 to 1.4 or 0.6 to 2.0 or 0.6 to 1.8 or 0.6 to 1.6 or 0.6 to 1.4 or 0.7 to 2.0 or 0.7 to 1.8 or 0.7 to 1.6 or 0.7 to 1.4.
- B20. The plastisol according to any of embodiments B18-B19, wherein the maximum Tan Delta (Tan δmax) occurs between 20° C. and 40° C. or 30° C. and 50° C.
- C1. A method of improving vibration damping of a substrate comprising affixing a plastisol according to any of the embodiments B1-B20 onto a substrate.
- C2. The method according to embodiment C1, wherein the affixing comprises (a) applying the plastisol onto the substrate; (b) fusing the plastisol to produce a plastisol-covered substrate; and (c) cooling the plastisol-covered substrate to ambient temperatures.
- C3. The method according to embodiments C2, wherein the applying the plastisol onto the substrate comprises coating the substrate with the plastisol.
- C4. The method according to embodiment C3, wherein the coating comprises spray coating and/or extrusion coating.
- C5. The method according to embodiment C1, wherein the affixing comprises (a) fusing the plastisol into a sheet; and (b) adhering the sheet to the substrate.
- C6. The method according to any of embodiments C2-05, wherein the fusing occurs at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 220° C. for a time period ranging from 1 min to 2 hours; or at a temperature ranging from 140° C. to 180° C. for a time period ranging from 15 min. to 40 min.
- C7. The method according to any of embodiments C1-C6, wherein the substrate is part of a wheeled vehicle.
- C8. The method according to embodiment C7, wherein the substrate is on the underbody of the wheeled vehicle.
- The following plasticizers are commercially available and were used without further processing; Eastman 168™ Non-Phthalate Plasticizer (Comparative Example 1), Benzoflex™ 9-88 Plasticizer (Comparative Example 2) and Benzoflex™ 131 Plasticizer (Comparative Example 3) (Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tenn.), and Santicizer™ 278 Plasticizer (Comparative Example 4, Ferro Corporation, Mayfield, Ohio). All other ingredients used in the plastisols hereafter described are commercially available and were used without further processing.
- To a 500 milliliter round bottom flask flushed with nitrogen was charged 99.0 grams (0.485 moles) hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate (Eastman™ HPHP Glycol; 3-Hydroxy-2,2-Dimethylpropyl 3-Hydroxy-2,2-Dimethylpropanoate), 165 grams (1.21 moles) methyl benzoate, and 2.0 milliliters dibutyltin diacetate. The reaction was heated to 180° C. and reacted for several hours to remove methanol. When the reaction stopped evolving methanol it was considered complete. Excess methyl benzoate was removed using vacuum at 190-200° C. Ethyl ether was added and the organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide followed by aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The product was dried over magnesium sulfate and the ethyl ether removed under vacuum to give propanoic acid, 3-(benzoyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(benzoyloxy)-2,2-dimethylpropyl ester (HPHP dibenzoate, Example 1a). Similarly, methyl toluate was reacted with hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate and dibutyltin diacetate to yield HPHP ditoluate (Example 1b) and a mixture of equal amounts of methyl benzoate and methyl toluate was reacted with hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate and dibutyltin diacetate to yield a mixture of HPHP dibenzoate, HPHP ditoluate, and HPHP benzoate/toluate (Example 1c).
- A FlackTek SpeedMixer™ model 150FV was used to prepare PVC plastisols. To a mixing cup was added 10 grams Geon™ 121A PVC paste resin, 4 grams Geon™ 217 PVC blending resin, 6 grams UltraPflex™ precipitated calcium carbonate, 0.4 grams calcium oxide, 0.2 grams zinc oxide, 1.0 grams Varsol 18™ Non-dearomatized Fluid, and 10 grams of HPHP dibenzoate, (Example 1a). The contents were shaken in the mixer for 45 seconds and the side of the container was scraped. This process was repeated twice to ensure complete dispersion. The resulting plastisol was then deaerated in a desiccator to which vacuum was applied for 20 minutes.
- Samples for DMTA analysis were prepared by drawdowns of the deaerated plastisols onto release paper at a 25 mil thickness, then fused at 350° F. for 25 minutes. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) measurements were performed on these samples using a tension clamp on a DMA Q800 from TA Instruments. Samples were cut using a ⅛ inch precision cutter, and sample width and thickness were recorded into the software. After loading the sample into the tension clamps, the software measured and recorded sample length. A 0.1% strain was placed on the sample at a 1 Hz frequency. The sample was then cooled with liquid nitrogen to −100° C. Once the temperature equilibrated, the sample was heated at a 3° C. per minute rate until a maximum of 100° C. was reached. Tan δ results at temperatures from −30° C. to 50° C., in 10° C. increments, are given in Table 1b.
- Example 2 was repeated, using the type and amount of plasticizer and the amount of Varsol rheology control additive as indicated in Table 1a. The correspondent tan δ results are given in Table 1b.
-
TABLE 1a Plastisols: 10 parts Geon ™ 121A, 4 parts Geon ™ 217, 6 parts UltraPflex ™, 0.4 parts calcium oxide, 0.2 parts zinc oxide, plasticizers and optionally Varsol ™ 18 rheology control additive as noted Example Plasticizer Example Parts Plasticizer Parts Varsol 2 1a 10 2 3 1b 10 2 4 1c 10 2 C5 Comparative Example 1 10 1 C6 Comparative Example 1 8 2 C7 Comparative Example 1 6 3 C8 Comparative Example 2 10 2 C9 Comparative Example 4 10 2 C10 Comparative Example 4 8 2.5 -
TABLE 1b Tan Delta Plasticizer Tan Delta (Tan δ) at given temperature (° C.) Example Example −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 2 1a 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.18 0.31 0.52 0.80 0.63 0.30 3 1b 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.17 0.33 0.59 0.86 0.55 4 1c 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.23 0.41 0.65 0.79 0.42 C5 Comparative 0.16 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.37 0.40 0.36 0.27 0.19 Example 1 C6 Comparative 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.32 0.37 0.36 0.29 Example 1 C7 Comparative 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.23 0.29 0.36 0.39 Example 1 C8 Comparative 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.31 0.45 0.61 0.55 0.29 Example 2 C9 Comparative 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.70 0.74 0.41 Example 4 C10 Comparative 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.27 0.49 0.74 0.59 Example 4 - Although the plastisol of Comparative Example C9 has a Tan Delta (Tan δ) of 0.70 at 30° C., it is made with the plasticizer Santicizer® 278 which is Texanol benzyl phthalate. The use of a non-phthalate plasticizer like Examples 1(a)-1(c) is strongly preferred over a phthalate plasticizer.
- Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. It will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. It is further intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments being indicated by the following.
Claims (22)
1. A plasticizer comprising the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
R1COOH (I)
R1COOH (I)
and formula (II)
R2COOH (II)
R2COOH (II)
or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
2. The plasticizer according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of said esterification product.
4. A plastisol comprising a polymeric component and a plasticizer wherein said plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
R1COOH (I)
R1COOH (I)
and formula (II)
R2COOH (II)
R2COOH (II)
or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
5. The plastisol according to claim 4 , wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, tolyl, and linear, branched, or cycloaliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
6. The plastisol according to claim 5 , wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and tolyl.
7. The plastisol according to claim 5 , wherein the ratio of phenyl to tolyl ranges from 0.05:20 to 20:0.05 based on the total amount of said esterification product.
9. The plastisol according to claim 4 , comprising 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent of said plasticizer, 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent of said polymeric component, and 10 weight percent to 80 weight percent of other components, each based on the total weight of said plastisol, and wherein said other components comprise a second plasticizer, fillers, pigments, stabilizers, foaming agents, hollow materials, elastomeric materials, rheology control additives, and/or adhesion promoters.
10. The plastisol according to claim 4 , wherein said polymeric component comprises polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic polymers, and/or vinyl chloride-containing copolymers.
11. The plastisol according to claim 9 , wherein said second plasticizer comprises phthalates; terephthalates; isophthalates; trimellitates; adipates; cyclohexanedicarboxylates; benzoates; phosphates; diesters of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, their oligomers, and mixtures thereof; citrates; succinates; alkyl sulfonates; fatty acid esters and epoxidized fatty acid esters; triglycerides and epoxidized triglycerides, optionally substituted; dianhydrohexitol diesters; pentaerythritol-based tetraesters; furan-based esters; other esters; ketals; and/or polymeric plasticizers.
12. The plastisol according to claim 9 , wherein said fillers comprise calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, clay, mica, graphite, zinc oxide, and/or calcium oxide.
13. The plastisol according to claim 9 , wherein said rheology control additives comprise petroleum distillates; mineral oil and mineral spirits; fatty acid esters; polyphenyl oligomers; and/or organic solvents.
14. The plastisol according to claim 4 , wherein said fused plastisol has a maximum Tan Delta (Tan δmax) occurring between 20° C. and 50° C. and has Tan Delta at 30° C. (Tan δ30C) ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, when measured on a sample nominally 0.6-0.7 mm thick, 3.2 mm wide, and 10-12 mm long using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer with a Tension Clamp at a strain of 0.1% and at a frequency of 1 Hz and a temperature ramp rate of 3° C./min.
15. The plastisol according to claim 14 , wherein said maximum Tan Delta (Tan δmax) occurs between 30° C. and 50° C.
16. A method of improving vibration damping of a substrate comprising affixing a plastisol onto said substrate, wherein said plastisol comprises a polymeric component and a plasticizer wherein said plasticizer comprises the esterification product formed by the reaction of formula (I)
R1COOH (I)
R1COOH (I)
and formula (II)
R2COOH (II)
R2COOH (II)
or the corresponding esters, anhydrides, and/or acid chlorides of formula (I) and/or formula (II), with formula (III)
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said affixing comprises
a. applying said plastisol onto said substrate;
b. fusing said plastisol to produce a plastisol-covered substrate; and
c. cooling said plastisol-covered substrate to ambient temperatures.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein said applying said plastisol onto said substrate comprises coating said substrate with said plastisol.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein said coating comprises spray coating and/or extrusion coating.
20. The method according to claim 16 wherein said affixing comprises
a. fusing said plastisol into a sheet; and
b. adhering said sheet to said substrate.
21. The method according to claim 17 , wherein said fusing occurs at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 220° C. for a time period ranging from 1 min to 2 hours.
22. The method according to claim 16 wherein said substrate is part of a wheeled vehicle.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/852,670 US20160075858A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
PCT/US2015/050133 WO2016044236A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-15 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201462050942P | 2014-09-16 | 2014-09-16 | |
US14/852,670 US20160075858A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20160075858A1 true US20160075858A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
Family
ID=55454128
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/852,670 Abandoned US20160075858A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
US14/852,681 Abandoned US20160075855A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
US14/852,662 Abandoned US20160075857A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
US14/852,675 Active 2037-01-08 US10077352B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/852,681 Abandoned US20160075855A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
US14/852,662 Abandoned US20160075857A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
US14/852,675 Active 2037-01-08 US10077352B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-14 | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US20160075858A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3194483B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2017528587A (en) |
KR (2) | KR102479318B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN106687513B (en) |
WO (3) | WO2016044230A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9920192B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2018-03-20 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
US10077352B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2018-09-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2934784T3 (en) | 2016-09-20 | 2023-02-27 | Avery Dennison Corp | multilayer tape |
JP6942221B2 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2021-09-29 | タイガースポリマー株式会社 | Flexible Hoses and Flexible Tubes Containing Radiation-Resistant PVC Resin Compositions and Radiation-Resistant PVC Resin Compositions |
GB2569608B (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2022-10-26 | Altro Ltd | Plasticiser composition |
US11059264B2 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2021-07-13 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Multilayer constrained-layer damping |
WO2019222352A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-21 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Partial coverage multilayer damping laminate |
DE102018114077B4 (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-02-13 | Danfoss A/S | Pressure sensor assembly |
JP7194059B2 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2022-12-21 | 三井化学株式会社 | Ester compound and method for producing same, plasticizer for thermoplastic resin, and thermoplastic resin composition |
EP3942214A4 (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2022-11-30 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Systems and methods for a fluid noise suppressor |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6559213B2 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 2003-05-06 | Henkel-Teroson Gmbh | Plastisol composition |
US20070015933A1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-18 | Hyunkyu Kim | Hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate ester plasticizer composition and method of preparing the same |
Family Cites Families (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB815991A (en) | 1955-02-28 | 1959-07-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Dibenzoate esters of aliphatic diols and process for their preparation |
US4102862A (en) | 1976-03-31 | 1978-07-25 | Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc. | Application of cumylphenol and derivatives thereof in plastic compositions |
DE2852828C2 (en) | 1978-12-07 | 1981-02-26 | Teroson Gmbh, 6900 Heidelberg | Process for the production of a structure-borne sound-absorbing coating |
FR2560884B1 (en) | 1984-03-06 | 1986-10-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY AND THEIR USE, IN PARTICULAR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBES |
US5026756A (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1991-06-25 | Velsicol Chemical Corporation | Hot melt adhesive composition |
US5006585A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1991-04-09 | Huls America Inc. | Stain-resistant plasticizer compositions and method of making same |
JPH059355A (en) | 1991-06-28 | 1993-01-19 | Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Co | Plastisol composition |
DE4318712A1 (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1994-12-08 | Teroson Gmbh | Acoustically effective plastisols |
GB9324823D0 (en) | 1993-12-02 | 1994-01-19 | Davy Mckee London | Process |
DE4421012A1 (en) | 1994-06-20 | 1995-12-21 | Teroson Gmbh | Acoustically effective plastisols |
KR970006657B1 (en) * | 1994-07-30 | 1997-04-29 | 대우전자 주식회사 | Apparatus for compensating the degree of the received signal of tv for a car |
CA2189286C (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 2000-05-30 | Shinji Tai | Copolyesters and molded articles comprising the same |
KR20010043567A (en) | 1998-05-13 | 2001-05-25 | 웨인 씨. 제쉬크 | Acoustic dampening compositions containing recycled paint polymer |
JP4251414B2 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2009-04-08 | アサヒゴム株式会社 | Undercoat agent for noise prevention |
US20070006961A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2007-01-11 | Kusek Walter W | Method of making reinforced PVC plastisol resin and products prepared therewith |
US20040266927A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-12-30 | Prejean George Wyatt | Filled blends of tubular reactor produced ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers modified with organic acids |
EP1877512B8 (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2016-12-21 | Synegis Bvba | Method for improving acoustic properties |
WO2006105620A1 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2006-10-12 | Ferro (Belgium) S.P.R.L. | Acoustic sealant composition |
ATE513025T1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2011-07-15 | Valspar Sourcing Inc | COATING COMPOSITIONS FOR CANS AND COATING PROCESSES |
US20060241197A1 (en) | 2005-04-25 | 2006-10-26 | Velsicol Chemical Corporation | Plasticizer compositions for flexible closed cell foams |
JP4843999B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2011-12-21 | 新日本理化株式会社 | Alicyclic dihydric alcohol ester |
KR100690351B1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-03-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate ester plasticizer composition and process for preparing the same |
US8372912B2 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2013-02-12 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyvinyl chloride compositions |
EP1937434B1 (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2023-12-06 | Swimc Llc | Coating compositions for containers and methods of coating |
US8034860B2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2011-10-11 | Eastman Specialties Holdings Corporation | Organosol plastisol compositions |
JP4503579B2 (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2010-07-14 | 北川工業株式会社 | Damping material |
US7812080B2 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2010-10-12 | Genovique Specialties Holdings Corporation | Low-color foam compositions |
US20100267299A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2010-10-21 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Vinyl Chloride, Acrylate, And Urethane Polymers With Increased Moisture Vapor Permeability And Static Dissipative Properties |
US20090142981A1 (en) | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Velsicol Chemical Corporation | Novel Compositions Comprising Structural Isomers Of 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol Dibenzoate and Polymer Compositions Containing Same |
US20100113664A1 (en) | 2008-06-11 | 2010-05-06 | Ferro Corporation | Asymmetric Cyclic Diester Compounds |
US9365695B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2016-06-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymer compositions comprising terephthalates |
KR101102574B1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-01-03 | 조양래 | A preparative method for 1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane derivatives |
US20110219631A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-09-15 | China Direct International, Inc. | Plastic Cutlery and Tableware with Interchangeable Elements |
US9034964B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2015-05-19 | Eastman Chemical Company | Waterborne coating compositions containing low-VOC coalescents that are hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate esters |
US20120329980A1 (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Eastman Chemical Company | DiCHDM COPOLYESTERS |
DE102011111618A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2013-02-28 | Invista Technologies S.À.R.L. | Unsymmetrical, alpha, gamma-alkylene-di-p-toluates, their preparation and their use |
KR102082304B1 (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2020-02-27 | 에스케이케미칼 주식회사 | Copolymer polyester resin and molded product using same |
CN105283506B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2017-03-01 | Sk化学株式会社 | Comprise the compositionss for forming heat shrink films and the heat shrink films of polyethylene terephthalate resin and the copolymer based on polyester |
CN103483957A (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-01 | 国家电网公司 | Sound-absorbing damping coating |
JP5995891B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2016-09-21 | アイシン化工株式会社 | Vinyl chloride plastisol composition |
US20160075858A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2016-03-17 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
CN105440643A (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-30 | 张桂华 | Shock-absorption synthetic rubber and preparation method thereof |
US9920192B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2018-03-20 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
-
2015
- 2015-09-14 US US14/852,670 patent/US20160075858A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-09-14 US US14/852,681 patent/US20160075855A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-09-14 US US14/852,662 patent/US20160075857A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-09-14 US US14/852,675 patent/US10077352B2/en active Active
- 2015-09-15 EP EP15780974.0A patent/EP3194483B1/en active Active
- 2015-09-15 WO PCT/US2015/050125 patent/WO2016044230A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-09-15 WO PCT/US2015/050133 patent/WO2016044236A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-09-15 WO PCT/US2015/050136 patent/WO2016044238A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-09-15 JP JP2017533735A patent/JP2017528587A/en active Pending
- 2015-09-15 KR KR1020177010054A patent/KR102479318B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-09-15 KR KR1020177010052A patent/KR102489787B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-09-15 CN CN201580049570.2A patent/CN106687513B/en active Active
- 2015-09-15 CN CN201580049609.0A patent/CN106715558B/en active Active
- 2015-09-15 JP JP2017533734A patent/JP2017534739A/en active Pending
- 2015-09-15 EP EP15780975.7A patent/EP3194484B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6559213B2 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 2003-05-06 | Henkel-Teroson Gmbh | Plastisol composition |
US20070015933A1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-18 | Hyunkyu Kim | Hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate ester plasticizer composition and method of preparing the same |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10077352B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2018-09-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
US9920192B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2018-03-20 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106715558A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
US20160075857A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
CN106687513A (en) | 2017-05-17 |
KR102489787B1 (en) | 2023-01-17 |
KR20170055529A (en) | 2017-05-19 |
EP3194483B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
KR102479318B1 (en) | 2022-12-19 |
CN106715558B (en) | 2019-06-21 |
WO2016044236A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
EP3194484B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
WO2016044238A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
JP2017528587A (en) | 2017-09-28 |
WO2016044238A8 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
US10077352B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
WO2016044230A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
US20160075856A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
EP3194483A1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
JP2017534739A (en) | 2017-11-24 |
CN106687513B (en) | 2020-02-07 |
KR20170057341A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
US20160075855A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
EP3194484A1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10077352B2 (en) | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression | |
US20160075890A1 (en) | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression | |
US9920192B2 (en) | Polymeric compositions with improved noise suppression | |
US11939453B2 (en) | Plasticizer composition and resin composition comprising the same | |
US20090197998A1 (en) | Fast-gelling plasticizer preparations | |
US8088446B2 (en) | Method for improving accoustic properties | |
US20230374262A1 (en) | Triester-based plasticizer composition and resin composition comprising the same | |
EP1877512B1 (en) | Method for improving acoustic properties | |
US20190276697A1 (en) | Improved acrylic liquid applied sound dampers | |
KR100844651B1 (en) | The composition for anti vibration Sealer | |
JP2017137391A (en) | Vinyl chloride-based paste sol composition blended with low viscosity plasticizer | |
KR100600163B1 (en) | Composition of acrylate resin for dedner of automobile |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY, TENNESSEE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FUNDERBURG, MICHAEL DEAN, JR;DELOACH, JOSEPH ALEXANDER;MORALEZ, JESUS GABRIEL;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:036559/0201 Effective date: 20150909 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |