US20150368818A1 - Soec stack with integrated heater - Google Patents

Soec stack with integrated heater Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20150368818A1
US20150368818A1 US14/767,359 US201414767359A US2015368818A1 US 20150368818 A1 US20150368818 A1 US 20150368818A1 US 201414767359 A US201414767359 A US 201414767359A US 2015368818 A1 US2015368818 A1 US 2015368818A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
solid oxide
heating unit
oxide electrolysis
electrolysis system
cell stack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/767,359
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Claus Friis Pedersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Topsoe AS
Original Assignee
Haldor Topsoe AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haldor Topsoe AS filed Critical Haldor Topsoe AS
Assigned to HALDOR TOPSOE A/S reassignment HALDOR TOPSOE A/S ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PEDERSEN, CLAUS FRIIS
Publication of US20150368818A1 publication Critical patent/US20150368818A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B1/06—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/18—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H01M2300/0071—Oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) system with a heating unit. Particular it relates to an integrated heating unit for an SOEC system which improves the efficiency of the SOEC system by minimizing the heat loss of the system, more particular by dense mechanical integration of the heating unit with SOEC stacks to reduce heat-loss from piping and external heater surfaces.
  • SOEC Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell
  • Solid Oxide Cells can be used for a wide range of purposes including both the generation of electricity from different fuels (fuel cell mode) and the generation of synthesis gas (CO+H2) from water and carbon dioxide (electrolysis cell mode).
  • Solid oxide cells are operating at temperatures in the range from 600° C. to above 1000° C. and heat sources are therefore needed to reach the operating temperatures when starting up the solid oxide cell systems e.g. from room temperature.
  • external heaters have been widely used. These external heaters are typically connected to the air input side of a solid oxide cell system and are used until the system has obtained a temperature above 600° C., where the solid oxide cells operation can start.
  • R is the electrical resistance of the fuel cell (stack) and I is the operating current.
  • ‘fuel’ is here understood the relevant feedstock which can either be oxidised in fuel cell mode (e.g. H2 or CO) or be reduced in electrolysis mode (e.g. H2O or CO2).
  • FIG. 1 An example of the heat produced by the solid oxide cell or stack as function of current is shown in FIG. 1 . Here it is seen that for all currents heat is produced in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) mode and for currents above I_tn heat is also produced in SOEC mode.
  • SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • This invention relates to such systems and methods for efficient mechanical design of such systems.
  • US20100200422 describes an electrolyser including a stack of a plurality of elementary electrolysis cells, each cell including a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte provided between the cathode and the anode.
  • An interconnection plate is interposed between each anode of an elementary cell and a cathode of a following elementary cell, the interconnection plate being in electric contact with the anode and the cathode.
  • a pneumatic fluid is to be brought into contact with the cathodes, and the electrolyser further includes a mechanism ensuring circulation of the pneumatic fluid in the electrolyser for heating it up before contacting the same with the cathodes.
  • US20100200422 describes the situation where heat has to be removed from the SOEC stack, where this invention relates to the opposite situation. It describes an invention where the heat exchanger (cooling) function is embedded between the cells. This invention relates to additional heater blocks placed outside the stack but within the stack mechanics to reduce the hot area of the stack and heaters.
  • EP1602141 relates to a high-temperature fuel cell system that is modularly built, wherein the additional components are advantageously and directly arranged in the high-temperature fuel cell stack.
  • the geometry of the components is matched to the stack. Additional pipe-working is thereby no longer necessary, the style of construction method is very compact and the direct connection of the components to the stack additionally leads to more efficient use of heat.
  • EP1602141 is not in the technical field of SOEC and the particular problems related to SOEC. Especially the need for continuous and active heating of the cell stack during operation with a heating unit which is process independent of the SOEC and which operates at temperatures close to or above the stack operating temperature is not disclosed.
  • the energy of the product gas is typically understood the lower heating value of the H2 and CO produced.
  • the total energy input consists mainly of the electrical input for the electrolysis process but includes also to the energy (temperature and pressure) of the gas feeds and any energy added to maintain the operating temperature of the stack and system.
  • This invention relates to the reduction of heat-loss in a solid oxide system by mechanically integrating the heating elements together with the stack. For most high temperature designs, the heat loss is dominated by heat-loss from hot surfaces. This heat loss is proportional to the hot surface area
  • the hot surfaces in relation to heaters are:
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system comprises a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell stack and a heating unit, wherein particularly said heating unit is an integrated part of the solid oxide electrolysis system. Accordingly, as the heating unit is integrated, the heater surfaces are reduced, since at least some of the heater surfaces are directly connected to and therefore in close mechanical/physical contact to the surfaces of the SOEC stack. More particularly, instead of having two hot ends (top and bottom) of the SOEC stack and two hot ends of the heating unit (top and bottom), the heating unit can be incorporated within the SOEC stack and the total number of hot ends (surface) is reduced from four to two. Additionally the piping, which otherwise has a large surface to volume ratio and therefore a large heat loss, can be omitted, saving costs and particularly heat loss.
  • the stack is planar, it comprises a plurality of stacked plates such as electrodes, electrolytes and interconnects and therefore it can be advantageous that also the heating unit is planar so it mechanically corresponds to the SOEC components.
  • the heating unit can comprise one or more flat plates where each plate has one or more heating elements.
  • the heating unit is directly connected to one end plate of the cell stack and the outer dimensions of the connected part of the heating unit corresponds to the outer planar dimensions of said end plate of the cell stack.
  • the heating unit is connected to the face of an end plate which is opposite to the face of the end plate which is connected to the cell stack (see also FIG. 3 ). Thereby one face of the end plate is heated and the heat is then distributed to the SOEC stack by means of heat transmission within the end plate which is typically made of metal.
  • the heating unit may be connected to an end of the SOEC stack between an end plate and the stacked active components of the stack (electrolytes, electrodes and interconnects).
  • an advantageous embodiment of the invention is to arrange the heating unit between the ends of two SOEC stacks in a sandwich arrangement. This has the effect that the heat loss is even further reduced, since one end of the SOEC stack or the heating unit is connected to another stack in stead of facing the surroundings and further the costs are reduced since one heating unit is heating two stacks.
  • more than one, preferably two heating units are sandwiched between two SOEC stacks. This can be advantageous where the two stacks share another component, for instance a manifold, which can then be sandwiched between the two heating units. In this way, still two heating units are needed for two SOEC stacks, but the heat loss is reduced as compared to two separate stacks with heating units.
  • a single heater is on both end facets connected to a manifolding plate which for example can be used for feeding input process gas to two stacks.
  • the hot input processes gases give a uniform heating of the cells in the stack, please see FIG. 10 .
  • a process gas is here understood a gas fed to or exhausted by the SOEC cell stack on either the anode side or the cathode side of the SOEC cell stack.
  • individual SOEC stacks can be placed side by side to provide a compact large system.
  • rectangular heaters can also be used between the sides of two stacks as shown in FIG. 11 . If the heaters are placed on the side of the stack where input process gases are propagating, these will be heated and again provide a uniform distribution of heat across all cells in the stack,
  • the heating unit may in one embodiment comprise an electrical resistance element.
  • an electrical resistance element can operate and temperatures above the stack operating temperature and comprise the possibility of heating the SOEC stack independently of any process which may or may not take place in the SOEC stack, contrary to other disclosed solutions which rely on a process gas to transmit the heat (at temperatures below the stack operating temperature) to the stack (known gas pre-heaters or heat exchangers).
  • electricity is required for the SOEC process, electricity is available for the system and an electrical resistance element provides easy control of the applied heat and compact physical dimensions.
  • the heating unit comprising the electrical resistance element enables heat production when the SOEC stack is in operation as well as stand-by heat production when the SOEC stack is not in operation but a demand for short start-up time is present.
  • the heating unit further comprises an electrically isolating element serving to electrically isolate the electrical resistance element from the cell stack.
  • an electrically isolating element serving to electrically isolate the electrical resistance element from the cell stack.
  • the heating unit comprises a ceramic heater or a chemical heater.
  • a chemical heater may according to an embodiment of the invention comprise a catalyst which enables combustion in the chemical heater at a lower temperature than the auto ignition temperature of a burner gas provided to the chemical heater.
  • the burner gas may be a part of the gas produced in the SOEC when in operation.
  • the heating unit is formed by an external manifolding for a process gas for the SOEC cell stack and the heating is performed by adding a so-called ‘burner gas’ in the external manifolding.
  • the process gas may be the SOEC cathode gas (i.e. CO or H 2 ) in which case the ‘burner gas’ would be an oxygen rich gas.
  • the process gas may alternatively be the SOEC anode gas (i.e. O 2 ) in which case the ‘burner gas’ could be a fuel type gas such as for example H 2 , CO, CH 4 or NH 3 .
  • This embodiment of the invention can advantageously be combined with the above embodiment comprising a catalyst.
  • the heating unit is placed in the vicinity of the stack manifold where the input flows enter the stack. The heating unit will then heat up the input flows which again results in a uniform heating of the stack
  • FIG. 2 An example of a traditional solid oxide electrolysis system is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a solid oxide electrolysis stack is fed with H2O and/or CO2 through a heat exchanger and an electrical heating unit.
  • the cold feed gas is first preheated in an input/output heat exchanger and is then heated to a temperature above the operating temperature (e.g. 850° C. for a stack operating at 750° C.) in an electrical heating unit.
  • the electrical heating unit providing for example 500 W at an output temperature of 850° C. can be constructed from Kanthal winded wire placed in a ceramic tube. This ceramic tube is then build into a cylindrical steel tube with a diameter of 7 cm and a length of 12 cm, corresponding to a surface area of 340 cm 2 . Piping between the heating unit and the stack typically adds another 200 cm 2 of hot surface to give a total hot heating unit surface area of 540 cm 2 .
  • the loss ratio becomes 25%.
  • several sandwiched SOEC stacks can be arranged side by side, which further reduces the open surface area.
  • FIG. 5 shows an electrical heater based on coiled electrical resistance wire.
  • This electrical resistance wire can for example be made of Kanthal D with a diameter of 0.6 mm and a resistivity of 1.35 Ohm mm 2 /m.
  • the wire is coiled to a diameter of 10 mm and with a period of 3 mm between each coil.
  • Six rows of each 8 cm of coiled wire is placed in ceramic channels to give a heater with a resistance of 24 Ohms.
  • These ceramic channels can be made for example by two in Al 2 O 3 foam plates placed on top of each other.
  • the heater wire and ceramic protection is placed inside a metal frame which has a thermal expansion coefficient comparable to the thermal expansion coefficient of the stack. This could be for example Crofer APU.
  • the electrical resistance wire has to be connected to the outside world in a way which avoids leakages through the electrical connections. This can be for example through high temperature ceramic feed-throughs.
  • woven wire cloth instead of coiled electrical resistance wire it is also possible to used woven wire cloth for example as shown in FIG. 6 a and FIG. 6 b .
  • the advantage of the woven cloth is that the heating wires are connected in a mesh, so if one wire breaks there are still many ways for the current to flow.
  • the electrical heater can also be on a ceramic resistive heater for example in the form of a ceramic resistive heater plate such as those provided by Bach Resistor Ceramics GmbH. These can then be placed in a metal house, which fits the stack mechanics.
  • FIG. 9 Another embodiment of an electrical heater which is both very compact and avoids the need for ceramic feed-troughs is a planar plate heating element where the current is propagating perpendicularly to the heating plate plane. This is shown in FIG. 9 for a thin heating plate with a width ‘w’ a depth ‘d’ and a height ‘h’, where the current propagate along the ‘h’ axis from the top to the bottom of the plate.
  • the resistivity of the heating plate material should be 0.11 M ⁇ cm.
  • Such resistivities are available from a number of ceramics for example SiC, MgO, Al 2 O 3 and undoped Cr 2 O 3 .
  • the desired resistivity can also be realised by mixing two or more ceramics, where on has resisitivity above the desired target value and the other below.
  • the heating plate could be sandwiched between two metal plates, for example made of the same material used for stack interconnects, such as Crofer APU.
  • the steel plates could each be 0.3 mm thick and have elongations (‘ears’) out side the stack borders for electrical connections.
  • ears elongations
  • the heater can alternatively be based on chemical heating, typically by injection of burner gas into the system.
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically a heater implemented by feeding a burner gas (e.g. CO, H 2 or CH 4 ) into the fuel feed stream. Such burner gas might already be found in the fuel feed stream if recycling of the fuel gas is used. At the heater chamber oxygen is combined with the burner gas and combusts.
  • a burner gas e.g. CO, H 2 or CH 4
  • the combustion of the burner gas will typically take place when the burner gas temperature exceeds the auto ignition temperature which is close to 600° C. for H 2 , CO and CH 4 . It is possible to start the combustion at lower temperatures by including a catalyst along the path of the burner gas.
  • Similar heating functionality can be provided in embodiments, where heating is performed within the oxygen side gas flow.
  • a particular elegant embodiment for external air-manifolded stacks is to insert burner gas into the stack enclosure which typically has a high oxygen concentration as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the stack On the fuel side the stack is internally manifolded, whereas it is externally manifolded with open cell interfaces on the oxygen side of the stack.
  • the stack On the oxygen side, the stack is flushed with an inert gas (e.g. CO2 or N2) and a burner gas is added to this stream.
  • an inert gas e.g. CO2 or N2
  • a burner gas is added to this stream.
  • the stack temperature can be measured on the stack enclosure or on the output gasses and these temperatures can be used to control the amount of burner gas used.
  • the Oxygen side of the stack is not flushed and the pure Oxygen produced by the stack is pushed out of the stack enclosure by the pressure generated by the electrolysis process.
  • burner gas can be feed to the stack as an independent stream.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system comprising a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell stack and a heating unit for continuous operation when the solid oxide electrolysis cell stack is in operation, wherein said heating unit is an integrated part of the solid oxide electrolysis system.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system wherein the operation temperature of said heating unit is at least the operation temperature of the cell stack minus 50° C., preferably at least the operation temperature of the cell stack.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to any of the preceding features, wherein said heating unit has a ratio between heat transferring loss from surfaces and useful heat transferring to the cell stack of less than 200%, preferably less than 30%, preferably less than 2%.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to any of the preceding features, wherein said heating unit is directly connected to one end plate of the cell stack and wherein the outer dimensions of the connected part of the heating unit corresponds to the outer planar dimensions of said end plate of the cell stack.
  • heating unit is planar and comprises stacked layers.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to any of the preceding features, wherein said heating unit is arranged at one end of the cell stack and the heating unit is connected to said one end of the cell stack.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to any of the preceding features, wherein the heating unit is arranged between the ends of two cell stacks in a sandwich arrangement.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system wherein a plurality, preferably two heating units are arranged between the ends of two cell stacks in a sandwich arrangement.
  • heating unit comprises an electrical resistance element
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system wherein the electrical resistance element is formed as a planar plate heating element where the current is propagating perpendicularly to the heating plate plane.
  • heating unit comprises an electrically isolating element serving to electrically isolate the electrical resistance element from the cell stack.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to any of the preceding features, wherein the heating unit comprises a ceramic resistive heater.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to any of the preceding features, wherein the heating unit comprises a chemical heater.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system wherein the chemical heater comprises a catalyst enabling combustion in the chemical heater at a lower temperature than the auto ignition temperature of a burner gas provided to the chemical heater.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to feature 1, wherein said heating unit is placed in the vicinity of the manifolding where the process gas enter the cell stack whereby the heating unit heats up the process gas entering the cell stack which results in a uniform heating of the cell stack.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to feature 15, wherein said heating unit is placed between two manifolds for process gas and said two manifolds are arranged between the ends of two cell stacks in a sandwich arrangement.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system wherein said heating unit is formed by an external manifolding for a process gas for the cell stack and the heating is performed by adding a burner gas to the process gas in the external manifolding.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to feature 15 or 16 or 17, wherein the manifolding is for a process gas on a cathode side of the SOEC cell stack.
  • a solid oxide electrolysis system according to feature 15 or 16 or 17, wherein the manifolding is for a process gas on an anode side of the SOEC cell stack.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
US14/767,359 2013-03-11 2014-03-03 Soec stack with integrated heater Abandoned US20150368818A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EPPCT/EP2013/054871 2013-03-11
EP2013054871 2013-03-11
PCT/EP2014/054085 WO2014139822A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-03-03 Soec stack with integrated heater

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20150368818A1 true US20150368818A1 (en) 2015-12-24

Family

ID=47846026

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/767,359 Abandoned US20150368818A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-03-03 Soec stack with integrated heater
US14/768,492 Abandoned US20160006047A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-03-03 Sofc stack with integrated heater

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/768,492 Abandoned US20160006047A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-03-03 Sofc stack with integrated heater

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US20150368818A1 (ja)
EP (2) EP2971251A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2016516129A (ja)
KR (2) KR20150128716A (ja)
CN (2) CN105121708A (ja)
AU (1) AU2014231102A1 (ja)
BR (1) BR112015022536A2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2900513A1 (ja)
CL (1) CL2015002500A1 (ja)
EA (1) EA201591627A1 (ja)
WO (2) WO2014139823A1 (ja)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150299871A1 (en) * 2014-04-21 2015-10-22 University Of South Carolina Partial oxidation of methane (pom) assisted solid oxide co-electrolysis
US9957626B2 (en) * 2014-09-02 2018-05-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Hydrogen production system and method for producing hydrogen
US11165073B2 (en) * 2016-10-24 2021-11-02 Precision Combustion, Inc. Solid oxide electrolysis cell with internal heater
US20210376351A1 (en) * 2018-10-26 2021-12-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Method for temperature control of a solid oxide electrochemical system having integrated heating means
US20230013942A1 (en) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Bloom Energy Corporation Electrolyzer system with steam generation and method of operating same

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105659412A (zh) 2013-07-31 2016-06-08 奥克海德莱克斯控股有限公司 用于管理电化学反应的方法和电化学电池
WO2015052695A1 (en) * 2013-10-12 2015-04-16 Newco2Fuels Ltd. A system for utilizing excess heat for carrying out electrochemical reactions
FR3012472B1 (fr) * 2013-10-25 2017-03-31 Electricite De France Pilotage d'un electrolyseur a haute temperature
US20180363151A1 (en) * 2015-12-14 2018-12-20 Aquahydrex Pty Ltd Electrochemical cell that operates efficiently with fluctuating currents
TWI750185B (zh) * 2016-06-17 2021-12-21 丹麥商托普索公司 具有加熱能力的ｓｏｅｃ系統
US10727520B2 (en) 2017-07-18 2020-07-28 Cummins Enterprise Llc Fuel cell stack assembly
CN108321408B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2020-03-31 胡强 含多对电极的扁管固体氧化物电化学器件及其制备方法
CN108336376B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2020-03-31 胡强 一种提高成品率和单电池功率的扁管固体氧化物电池结构及其制备方法
KR102128941B1 (ko) 2018-07-17 2020-07-01 창원대학교 산학협력단 역 전압 열화 현상이 방지된 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법
FR3087952B1 (fr) * 2018-10-26 2021-09-24 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme electrochimique a oxydes solides a moyens de chauffage integres
FR3087953B1 (fr) * 2018-10-26 2021-07-02 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif electrochimique comprenant un ensemble electrochimique dispose dans une enceinte de confinement
EP3918112A4 (en) 2019-02-01 2022-10-26 Aquahydrex, Inc. CONTAINED ELECTROLYTE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM
KR102220867B1 (ko) 2019-04-26 2021-02-26 창원대학교 산학협력단 역전류에 의한 열화 현상이 방지된 고체산화물 연료전지
DE102021203513A1 (de) 2021-04-09 2022-10-13 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Festoxidelektrolysezellenvorrichtung und Verfahren zu einem Betrieb der Festoxidelektrolysezellenvorrichtung
KR20230107139A (ko) * 2022-01-07 2023-07-14 블룸 에너지 코퍼레이션 고체 산화물 전해조용 기화기 및 외부 스팀

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997026684A1 (en) * 1996-01-18 1997-07-24 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Single-crystal oxygen ion conductor
US6074771A (en) * 1998-02-06 2000-06-13 Igr Enterprises, Inc. Ceramic composite electrolytic device and method for manufacture thereof
US6638654B2 (en) * 1999-02-01 2003-10-28 The Regents Of The University Of California MEMS-based thin-film fuel cells
US20040081871A1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-04-29 Kearl Daniel A. Fuel cell using a catalytic combustor to exchange heat
EP1619737B1 (de) * 2004-07-09 2008-06-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft System aus Brennstoffzelle, Nachbrenner und Wärmetauscher
DE102004045375A1 (de) * 2004-09-18 2006-03-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle mit einer metallischen Tragstruktur
FR2919617B1 (fr) * 2007-08-02 2009-11-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Electrolyseur haute temperature et haute pression a fonctionnement allothermique
FR2921390B1 (fr) * 2007-09-25 2010-12-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Electrolyseur haute temperature a dispositif d'homogeneisation de la temperature.
WO2011019796A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Igr Enterprises, Inc. Advanced solid state electrolytic device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150299871A1 (en) * 2014-04-21 2015-10-22 University Of South Carolina Partial oxidation of methane (pom) assisted solid oxide co-electrolysis
US9574274B2 (en) * 2014-04-21 2017-02-21 University Of South Carolina Partial oxidation of methane (POM) assisted solid oxide co-electrolysis
US9957626B2 (en) * 2014-09-02 2018-05-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Hydrogen production system and method for producing hydrogen
US11165073B2 (en) * 2016-10-24 2021-11-02 Precision Combustion, Inc. Solid oxide electrolysis cell with internal heater
US20210376351A1 (en) * 2018-10-26 2021-12-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Method for temperature control of a solid oxide electrochemical system having integrated heating means
US20230013942A1 (en) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Bloom Energy Corporation Electrolyzer system with steam generation and method of operating same
US12091759B2 (en) * 2021-07-16 2024-09-17 Bloom Energy Corporation Electrolyzer system with steam generation and method of operating same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20150128716A (ko) 2015-11-18
CN105074055A (zh) 2015-11-18
EP2971250A1 (en) 2016-01-20
EA201591627A1 (ru) 2016-03-31
EP2971251A1 (en) 2016-01-20
WO2014139823A1 (en) 2014-09-18
KR20150128715A (ko) 2015-11-18
CN105121708A (zh) 2015-12-02
WO2014139822A1 (en) 2014-09-18
AU2014231102A1 (en) 2015-09-24
CL2015002500A1 (es) 2016-03-28
US20160006047A1 (en) 2016-01-07
JP2016516129A (ja) 2016-06-02
BR112015022536A2 (pt) 2017-07-18
CA2900513A1 (en) 2014-09-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20150368818A1 (en) Soec stack with integrated heater
US6811913B2 (en) Multipurpose reversible electrochemical system
US8609291B2 (en) Fuel cell module including heating insulator with opening
JP6093452B2 (ja) 燃料電池スタック及び燃料電池モジュール
AU2002219941A1 (en) Multipurpose reversible electrochemical system
WO2008041593A1 (fr) Empilement de cellules de pile à combustible et pile à combustible
US20070281194A1 (en) Portable fuel cell assembly
EP3346532B1 (en) Fuel cell module and fuel cell device
JP5111036B2 (ja) 燃料電池セルスタックおよび燃料電池
JP5270385B2 (ja) 固体電解質形燃料電池
JP5066373B2 (ja) 燃料電池モジュール
JP6259128B2 (ja) モジュールおよびモジュール収容装置
TW201505248A (zh) 具有熱匹配堆疊整合式熱交換器的固體氧化物堆疊系統
KR102375635B1 (ko) 연료 전지 스택 조립체
JP6407069B2 (ja) 燃料電池スタック
JP2007115463A (ja) 燃料電池システム
JP6479400B2 (ja) 燃料電池装置および燃料電池システム
JP6777669B2 (ja) 電気化学反応セルスタックの運転方法および電気化学反応システム
JP2010170807A (ja) ヒーターユニット、改質装置、及び被加熱体の加熱方法
US20180248211A1 (en) Fuel cell module and fuel cell apparatus
KR20210116616A (ko) 연료 전지 카트리지, 연료 전지 모듈 및 복합 발전 시스템
KR20240153559A (ko) 멀티-스트림 고체 산화물 전지 스택 열교환기를 포함하는 고체 산화물 전지 스택 시스템
JP2016072199A (ja) 燃料電池セルスタック

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: HALDOR TOPSOE A/S, DENMARK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PEDERSEN, CLAUS FRIIS;REEL/FRAME:036307/0460

Effective date: 20150728

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION