Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
  • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
  • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
  • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
  • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/26—After-treatment
  • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
  • C23C2/36—Elongated material
  • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

• a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet having high burring formability is mainly used in automotive body components, for example, structural parts, such as members and frames of automotive bodies, and chassis parts, such as suspensions.
• the present invention is not limited to these aspects and/or applications.
• high-strength steel sheets have been actively used as materials for automotive parts.
• High-strength steel sheets are widely used as automotive structural parts.
• microstructure control and reinforcement methods have been used to improve the workability of high-strength hot-rolled steel sheets.
• these methods include use of a complex structure of ductile ferrite and hard martensite, use of a bainite microstructure, and precipitation strengthening of a ferrite microstructure.
• high-strength hot-rolled steel sheets having sufficient workability that can be applied to parts to be subjected to severe burring forming, such as chassis parts cannot be manufactured in the related art.
• Patent Literature 1 describes a hot-rolled steel sheet that has a composition including, on a mass percent basis, one or two of C: 0.01% or more and 0.20% or less, Si: 1.5% or less, Al: 1.5% or less, Mn: 0.5% or more and 3.5% or less, P: 0.2% or less, S: 0.0005% or more and 0.009% or less, N: 0.009% or less, Mg: 0.0006% or more and 0.01% or less, 0: 0.005% or less, and Ti: 0.01% or more and 0.20% or less, and Nb: 0.01% or more and 0.10% or less and has a structure consisting essentially of a bainite phase.
• the steel sheet has a structure consisting essentially of a bainite phase, and Mg sulfide is used to decrease the size of (Ti, Nb)N.
• the high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet has a strength of more than 980 N/mm 2 .
• Patent Literature 2 describes a hot-rolled steel sheet that has a composition including, on a mass percent basis, C: 0.01% or more and 0.10% or less, Si: 2.0% or less, and Mn: 0.5% or more and 2.5% or less, as well as one or two or more of V: 0.01% or more and 0.30% or less, Nb: 0.01% or more and 0.30% or less, Ti: 0.01% or more and 0.30% or less, Mo: 0.01% or more and 0.30% or less, Zr: 0.01% or more and 0.30% or less, and W: 0.01% or more and 0.30% or less, V, Nb, Ti, Mo, Zr, and W being 0.5% or less in total, and has a microstructure in which the bainite fraction is 80% or more.
• the steel sheet has a structure consisting essentially of bainite, and V, Ti, and/or Nb carbide causes precipitation strengthening of the bainite.
• Patent Literature 3 describes a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that includes a hot-rolled steel sheet as a substrate.
• the hot-rolled steel sheet has a composition including, on a mass percent basis, C: 0.07% or more and 0.13% or less, Si: 0.3% or less, Mn: 0.5% or more and 2.0% or less, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.005% or less, N: 0.0060% or less, Al: 0.06% or less, Ti: 0.10% or more and 0.14% or less, and V: 0.15% or more and 0.30% or less, and has a structure consisting essentially of a ferrite phase in which a desired volume percentage of fine carbide having an average grain size of less than 10 nm is dispersedly precipitated.
• the technique proposed in Patent Literature 3 can be used to manufacture a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more.
• Patent Literatures 1 and 2 the hot-rolled steel sheets, which have a structure consisting essentially of a bainite phase, have low ductility. Thus, high-strength hot-rolled steel sheets having sufficient burring formability that can be applied to automotive parts cannot be obtained.
• the technique proposed in Patent Literature 1 is not a practical technique that can be applied to mass-produced parts, such as automotive parts, because of the use of expensive Mg.
• the steel sheet has a microstructure in which fine carbide is dispersed in a matrix consisting essentially of a ferrite phase.
• the technique proposed in Patent Literature 3 can be used to manufacture a high-strength steel sheet.
• the burring formability of this high-strength steel sheet was tested by a method according to the Japan Iron and Steel Federation standard, as shown by an example.
• Burring formability of steel sheets has been principally evaluated in a hole-expanding test by a method according to the Japan Iron and Steel Federation standard.
• the hole-expanding test accurately simulates a punching process and a hole-expanding process in mass production of automotive parts in actual production lines.
• steel sheets that are experimentally shown to have good burring formability according to the standard often suffer from processing defects in mass production of automotive parts.
• TS tensile strength
• the “mass production burring formability” herein is evaluated as a burring ratio measured in a hole-expanding test using a 60-degree conical punch after punching with a 50-mm ⁇ punch (clearance of stamping: 30%) and is different from burring formability evaluated as a ⁇ value determined by a known hole-expanding test method, for example, a hole-expanding test method according to the Japan Iron and Steel Federation standard.
• burring formability has been evaluated as a ⁇ value, for example, measured by a hole-expanding test method according to the Japan Iron and Steel Federation standard. In this case, the punch diameter is 10 mm ⁇ .
• burring formability evaluated in a new hole-expanding test that includes hole-expanding using a 60-degree conical punch after punching with a 50-mm ⁇ punch (clearance of stamping: 30%) is closely correlated with mass production punchability and mass production burring formability.
• the present inventors also extensively studied various factors that contribute to high strength and workability, particularly mass production burring formability, of hot-rolled steel sheets by evaluating mass production burring formability in the new hole-expanding test.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more that satisfies severe mass production burring formability required in actual automotive part production lines can be manufactured by optimizing the total amount of V in the hot-rolled steel sheet and Ti (Ti.) that contributes to the formation of carbide and increasing the percentage of carbide having a grain size of less than 9 nm in carbide precipitated in the hot-rolled steel sheet. It was also found that mass production burring formability can be further improved by controlling the size of not only carbide but also all the precipitates that can be precipitated in a hot-rolled steel sheet (nitrides, sulfides, carbides, and complex precipitates thereof).
• the present inventors also studied means for achieving a desired size of precipitates that are precipitated in a hot-rolled steel sheet (nitrides, sulfides, carbides, and complex precipitates thereof), that is, a size required to impart desired strength (tensile strength of 900 MPa or more) and good mass production burring formability to the hot-rolled steel sheet.
• desired strength tensile strength of 900 MPa or more
• desired strength tensile strength of 900 MPa or more
• good mass production burring formability to the hot-rolled steel sheet.
• S, N, Ti, and V denote the amounts (% by mass) of the corresponding elements.
• aspects of the present invention provide a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more and high burring formability such that the high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet can be subjected to processing in mass production of automotive parts.
• a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet can be applied to structural parts, such as members and frames of automotive bodies, and chassis parts, such as suspensions.
• exemplary embodiments of the present invention may contribute greatly to weight saving of these parts.
• aspects of the present invention can provide a hot-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more and good mass production burring formability.
• the high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet can be applied not only to automotive parts but also to other applications.
• embodiments of the present invention have industrially advantageous effects.
• a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet contains, on a mass percent basis, C: 0.06% or more and 0.13% or less, Si: less than 0.5%, Mn: more than 0.5% and 1.4% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.005% or less, N: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.1% or less, Ti: 0.05% or more and 0.25% or less, and V: more than 0.15% and 0.4% or less such that S, N, Ti, and V satisfy the following formula (1), the remainder being Fe and incidental impurities, wherein the high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet has a microstructure in which a ferrite phase fraction is more than 90%, a carbide containing Ti is precipitated, and 70% or more of the carbide has a grain size of less than 9 nm.
• S, N, Ti, and V denote the amounts (% by mass) of the corresponding elements.
• composition of a hot-rolled steel sheet according to embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Unless otherwise specified, the percentages of the components are on a mass percent basis.
• the C is an important element that forms an appropriate carbide in a hot-rolled steel sheet and secures the strength of the steel sheet.
• the C content In order to achieve the desired tensile strength (900 MPa or more), the C content is 0.06% or more.
• a C content of more than 0.13% results in poor workability and undesired burring formability of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the C content is 0.06% or more and 0.13% or less, preferably 0.07% or more and 0.12% or less.
• a Si content of 0.5% or more results in very low surface quality of a hot-rolled steel sheet, which adversely affects fatigue characteristics, chemical conversion treatability, and corrosion resistance. Si increases the ferrite transformation temperature and thereby adversely affects the formation of fine precipitates, which may be desirable in embodiments of the present invention.
• the Si content is less than 0.5%, preferably 0.001% or more and less than 0.1%, more preferably 0.001% or more and less than 0.05%.
• Mn More than 0.5% and 1.4% or less
• Mn is an important element. Mn influences precipitation of a carbide containing Ti, which is beneficial in embodiments of the present invention, through control of austenite-to-ferrite transformation temperatures.
• a carbide containing Ti is mainly precipitated by austenite ⁇ ferrite transformation in cooling and coiling steps after finish rolling in a hot-rolled steel sheet manufacturing process.
• carbides precipitated in a hot-rolled steel sheet fine carbide contributes to high strength of the hot-rolled steel sheet, but coarse carbide does not contribute to high strength and adversely affects the workability of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
• a high austenite-ferrite transformation temperature results in precipitation of a carbide containing Ti in a high-temperature region and consequently coarsening of the carbide containing Ti.
• Mn is an element that has an effect of decreasing the austenite-ferrite transformation temperature.
• a Mn content of 0.5% or less results in an insufficient decrease in the austenite-ferrite transformation temperature.
• a carbide containing Ti is coarsened, and it is difficult to provide a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet having high mass production burring formability.
• a Mn content of more than 1.4% results in increased Mn segregation in the central portion in the thickness direction. This center segregation impairs a punched surface before burring forming and is therefore responsible for low mass production burring formability.
• the Mn content is more than 0.5% and 1.4% or less, preferably more than 0.7% and 1.4% or less, more preferably more than 1.0% and 1.4% or less.
• the P content is beneficial for low workability of a hot-rolled steel sheet due to segregation.
• the P content is 0.05% or less, preferably 0.001% or more and 0.03% or less.
• the P content is preferably 0.005% or more, more preferably 0.01% or more, in terms of platability.
• the S content is 0.005% or less, preferably 0.0001% or more and 0.003% or less, more preferably 0.0001% or more and 0.0015% or less.
• N content is 0.01% or less, preferably 0.0001% or more and 0.006% or less, more preferably 0.0001% or more and 0.004% or less.
• Al is a useful element as a deoxidizing agent for steel.
• an Al content of more than 0.1% makes casting of steel difficult and results in a large amount of residual inclusion in steel and low surface quality and workability of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the Al content is 0.1% or less, preferably 0.001% or more and 0.06% or less.
• Ti is animportant element in aspects the present invention. Ti forms fine carbide and contributes to increased strength of a hot-rolled steel sheet. In order to achieve the desired strength of a hot-rolled steel sheet (tensile strength of 900 MPa or more), the Ti content is 0.05% or more. However, a Ti content of more than 0.25% tends to result in the remaining coarse carbide in a hot-rolled steel sheet. Coarse carbide has no strength increasing effect and greatly impairs the workability, toughness, and weldability of a hot-rolled steel sheet. Thus, the Ti content is 0.05% or more and 0.25% or less, preferably 0.08% or more and 0.20% or less.
• V More than 0.15% and 0.4% or Less
• V is also an important element. V forms fine carbide and contributes to increased strength of a hot-rolled steel sheet. In order to achieve the desired strength of a hot-rolled steel sheet (tensile strength of 900 MPa or more), the V content is more than 0.15%. However, a V content of more than 0.4% is not worth the cost. Thus, the V content is more than 0.15% and 0.4% or less, preferably more than 0.15% and 0.35% or less.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention contains S, N, Ti, and V in the ranges described above so as to satisfy the formula (1).
• the formula (1) is satisfied in order to achieve high strength and good mass production burring formability of a hot-rolled steel sheet and is a useful indicator for aspects of the present invention.
• Ti. ⁇ Ti—N ⁇ (48/14) ⁇ S ⁇ (48/32) denote the amounts (%) of the corresponding elements.
• predetermined amounts of Ti and V which are carbide formation elements, are added to steel, and carbide in steel is dissolved by heating before hot rolling. These elements are mainly precipitated as carbides during coiling after hot rolling.
• Ti and V added to steel do not entirely contribute to the formation of carbide.
• part of Ti added to steel is likely to be consumed by forming nitride or sulfide. This is because Ti is likely to form nitride or sulfide rather than carbide in a higher temperature region than the coiling temperature.
• Ti forms nitride or sulfide before the coiling step in the production of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the minimum amount of Ti that can contribute to the formation of carbide out of Ti added to steel can be represented by Ti.( ⁇ Ti—N ⁇ (48/14) ⁇ S ⁇ (48/32)).
• a hot-rolled steel sheet cannot have the desired strength (tensile strength of 900 MPa or more) at Ti.+V of less than 0.35.
• Ti.+V of less than 0.35 tends to result in precipitation of coarse nitride or sulfide in a hot-rolled steel sheet, which results in low mass production burring formability.
• Ti.+V is 0.35 or more, preferably 0.355 or more.
• Ti.+V of more than 0.46 may result in excessively high strength of a hot-rolled steel sheet and low workability.
• Ti.+V is preferably 0.46 or less.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet may contain Nb: 0.002% or more and 0.1% or less, if desired.
• Nb is effective in decreasing the size of crystal grains and improving the toughness of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• Nb may be added as desired.
• the Nb content is preferably 0.002% or more.
• a Nb content of more than 0.1% is not worth the cost.
• the Nb content is preferably 0.002% or more and 0.1% or less, more preferably 0.002% or more and 0.08% or less.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet may contain at least one of Cu: 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less, Ni: 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less, Cr: 0.002% or more and 0.2% or less, Mo: 0.002% or more and 0.2% or less, and Sn: 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less, if desired.
• the Cu, Ni, and Sn are elements that contribute to high strength of a hot-rolled steel sheet and may be added, if desired.
• the Cu content is preferably 0.005% or more
• the Ni content is preferably 0.005% or more
• the Sn content is preferably 0.005% or more.
• a Cu, Ni, or Sn content of more than 0.2% may result in surface layer cracking during hot rolling in the production of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the Cu content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less, more preferably 0.005% or more and 0.1% or less.
• the Ni content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less, more preferably 0.005% or more and 0.15% or less.
• the Sn content is preferably 0.005% or more and 0.2% or less, more preferably 0.005% or more and 0.1% or less.
• Cr and Mo are carbide formation elements, contribute to high strength of a hot-rolled steel sheet, and may be added, if desired.
• the Cr content is preferably 0.002% or more
• the Mo content is preferably 0.002% or more.
• a Cr or Mo content of more than 0.2% is not worth the cost.
• the Cr content is preferably 0.002% or more and 0.2% or less, more preferably 0.002% or more and 0.1% or less.
• the Mo content is preferably 0.002% or more and 0.2% or less, more preferably 0.002% or more and 0.1% or less.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet may contain B: 0.0002% or more and 0.003% or less, if desirable.
• B is an element that retards austenite-ferrite transformation of steel.
• B decreases the precipitation temperature of a carbide containing Ti by suppressing austenite-ferrite transformation and contributes to a reduction in the size of the carbide.
• the B content is preferably 0.0002% or more.
• a B content of more than 0.003% results in a strong bainite transformation effect of B, making it difficult for a hot-rolled steel sheet to have a structure consisting essentially of a ferrite phase.
• the B content preferably 0.0002% or more and 0.003% or less, more preferably 0.0002% or more and 0.002% or less.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet may contain at least one of Ca: 0.0002% or more and 0.005% or less and REM: 0.0002% or more and 0.03% or less, if desired.
• Ca and REM are elements that are effective in morphology control of an inclusion in steel and contribute to improved workability of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the Ca content is preferably 0.0002% or more, and the REM content is preferably 0.0002% or more.
• a Ca content of more than 0.005% or a REM content of more than 0.03% may result in an increased inclusion in steel and low workability of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the Ca content is preferably 0.0002% or more and 0.005% or less, more preferably 0.0002% or more and 0.003% or less.
• the REM content is preferably 0.0002% or more and 0.03% or less, more preferably 0.0002% or more and 0.003% or less.
• the remainder is Fe and incidental impurities.
• the incidental impurities include W, Co, Ta, Sb, Zr, and O.
• the amount of each of the incidental impurities may be 0.1% or less.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet has a microstructure in which the ferrite phase fraction is more than 90%, a carbide containing Ti is precipitated, and 70% or more of the carbide has a grain size of less than 9 nm.
• the burring formability of a hot-rolled steel sheet can be effectively improved when the hot-rolled steel sheet has a microstructure including a ductile ferrite phase.
• the ferrite fraction in the microstructure of a hot-rolled steel sheet may be more than 90%, preferably more than 92%, more preferably more than 94% by area. It is desirable that the ferrite grains have a polygonal shape from the perspective of burring formability. In one embodiment, it is also desirable that the ferrite grain size be as small as possible.
• the hot-rolled steel sheet preferably has a single phase structure of ferrite in terms of burring formability. In order to improve punchability, the ferrite fraction is preferably 98% by area or less, more preferably 97% by area or less.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet may have a microstructure other than the ferrite phase, such as cementite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, and/or retained austenite. Although excessive amounts of these microstructures in the steel sheet impair burring formability, these microstructures may constitute approximately less than 10% by area in total. Appropriate amounts of these microstructures in the hot-rolled steel sheet contribute to improved punchability before burring forming and consequently contribute to improved burring formability.
• the microstructures other than the ferrite phase preferably constitute 2% or more and less than 8% by area, more preferably 3% or more and less than 6% by area.
• the desired strength (tensile strength of 900 MPa or more) of a hot-rolled steel sheet is achieved by precipitation of a carbide containing Ti in the hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the carbide containing Ti is mainly precipitated carbide resulting from austenite ⁇ ferrite transformation in the cooling and coiling steps after finish rolling in a hot-rolled steel sheet manufacturing process.
• the “carbide containing Ti” includes complex carbides containing Ti and at least one of V, Nb, Cr, and Mo as well as Ti carbide.
• the size of precipitates containing Ti can be controlled to further improve the mass production burring formability of a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• nitride, carbonitride, and sulfide containing Ti are precipitated.
• carbide carbide containing Ti
• these nitride, carbonitride, and sulfide are precipitated faster than carbide containing Ti.
• nitride, carbonitride, and sulfide containing Ti are precipitated in a higher temperature range than carbide and are therefore easily coarsened and tend to impair mass production burring formability.
• the present inventors found that the control of the amount and size of these precipitates is very effective in improving mass production burring formability.
• 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, still more preferably 65% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, of Ti in a hot-rolled steel sheet is preferably precipitated as precipitates containing Ti having a grain size of less than 20 nm.
• the precipitates containing Ti having a grain size of less than 20 nm are mostly carbide containing Ti and also include nitride, carbonitride, and sulfide containing Ti.
• the precipitates containing Ti may be precipitates of Ti carbide, Ti nitride, Ti sulfide, and/or Ti carbonitride, and/or complex precipitates, such as complex carbide, complex nitride, complex sulfide, and/or complex carbonitride containing Ti and at least one of V, Nb, Cr, and Mo.
• the type of coated layer formed on a surface of a hot-rolled steel sheet is not particularly limited and may be galvanic electroplating or hot-dip plating.
• the hot-dip plating may be hot-dip galvanization.
• the coated layer may also be galvannealed steel, which was subjected to alloying treatment after plating.
• aspects of the present invention include heating steel having the composition described above to 1100° C. or more, hot-rolling the steel at a finish-rolling temperature of (Ar 3 +25° C.) or more and at a total reduction ratio of 60% or less at last two finish rolling stands, cooling the hot-rolled steel sheet at an average cooling rate of 40° C./s or more, and coiling the hot-rolled steel sheet at a coiling temperature in the range of 520° C. to 680° C.
• the steel may be melted by any method, for example, in a converter, electric furnace, or induction furnace. After that, secondary smelting is preferably performed with vacuum degassing equipment. Subsequent casting is preferably performed in a continuous casting process in terms of productivity and quality. A blooming method can also be used.
• a slab (steel) to be casted may be a general slab having a thickness in the range of approximately 200 to 300 mm or a thin slab having a thickness of approximately 30 mm. In the case of a thin slab, rough rolling may be omitted.
• a slab after casting may be subjected to hot direct rolling or may be subjected to hot rolling after reheating in a furnace.
• Steel thus produced is subjected to hot rolling. It is desirable to heat the steel (slab) before hot rolling and redissolve carbide in the steel. At a steel heating temperature of less than 1100° C., carbide may not be redissolved in the steel, and desired fine carbide may be difficult to form in the cooling and coiling steps after hot rolling.
• the steel heating temperature is 1100° C. or more, preferably 1200° C. or more, more preferably 1240° C. or more.
• the steel heating temperature is preferably 1350° C. or less.
• the steel After heating of steel, the steel is subjected to hot rolling, which is composed of rough rolling and finish rolling.
• the rough rolling conditions are not particularly limited. As described above, when steel is a thin slab, rough rolling may be omitted.
• the finish-rolling temperature is (Ar 3 +25° C.) or more, and the total reduction ratio at last two stands of a finish rolling mill is 60% or less.
• Finish-Rolling Temperature (Ar 3 +25° C.) or More
• the finish-rolling temperature is (Ar 3 +25° C.) or more, preferably (Ar 3 +40° C.) or more.
• the finish-rolling temperature is (Ar 3 +140° C.) or less.
• the Ar 3 transformation point herein refers to a transformation temperature at a change point of a thermal expansion curve measured in a thermecmastor test (thermo-mechanical simulation test) at a cooling rate of 5° C./s.
• the total reduction ratio at last two finish rolling stands exceeds 60%, this results in increased residual strain and accelerates ferrite transformation from unrecrystallized austenite grains.
• the total reduction ratio at last two stands of a finish rolling mill is 60% or less, preferably 50% or less.
• the average cooling rate in cooling after hot rolling is less than 40° C./s, this results in a high ferrite transformation temperature.
• carbide is precipitated in a high temperature region, desired fine carbide cannot be formed, and a hot-rolled steel sheet may not have a desirable strength(tensile strength of 900 MPa or more).
• the average cooling rate is 40° C./s or more, preferably 50° C./s or more.
• the average cooling rate is 150° C./s or less.
• the average cooling rate herein refers to the average cooling rate between the finish-rolling temperature and the coiling temperature.
• a carbide containing Ti is precipitated in a period from immediately before coiling to the beginning of the coiling step by decreasing the ferrite transformation temperature so as to be close to the coiling temperature at the average cooling rate. This can prevent precipitation and coarsening of the carbide containing Ti in a high temperature region.
• the resulting hot-rolled steel sheet can contain precipitated fine carbide.
• fine carbide containing Ti is mainly precipitated in a period from immediately before coiling to the beginning of the coiling step.
• the coiling temperature is controlled in a temperature range suitable for precipitation of the carbide containing Ti.
• the coiling temperature ranges from 520° C. to 680° C., preferably 550° C. to 650° C.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet after coiling may be subjected to pickling and annealing treatment and then to plating treatment by immersion in a molten zinc bath. After the plating treatment, the hot-rolled steel sheet may be subjected to alloying treatment.
• the coiling temperature ranges from 500° C. to 640° C., and the soaking temperature for the annealing treatment is 760° C. or less.
• Coiling Temperature 500° C. to 640° C.
• a higher coiling temperature facilitates the formation of an internal oxidation layer in a hot-rolled steel sheet.
• the internal oxidation layer is responsible for plating defects.
• a coiling temperature of more than 640° C. results in low plating quality.
• a low coiling temperature is preferred in order to prevent plating defects.
• a coiling temperature of less than 500° C. results in insufficient precipitation of a carbide containing Ti, and a hot-rolled steel sheet cannot have the desired strength.
• the coiling temperature ranges from 500° C. to 640° C., preferably 520° C. to 600° C.
• the desired strength e.g., tensile strength of 900 MPa or more
• the desired strength e.g., tensile strength of 900 MPa or more
• the soaking temperature for annealing treatment exceeds 760° C.
• precipitated carbide (carbide containing Ti) is coarsened, and a hot-rolled steel sheet has low strength.
• the soaking temperature for the annealing treatment is 760° C.
• the soaking temperature for annealing treatment is preferably 600° C. or more.
• the holding time at the soaking temperature preferably ranges from 10 to 1000 seconds.
• the steel sheet After the annealing treatment, the steel sheet is immersed in a hot-dip galvanizing bath to form a hot-dip galvanized layer on the surface of the steel sheet. After immersion in the hot-dip galvanizing bath, the steel sheet may be subjected to alloying treatment.
• the annealing treatment and plating treatment are preferably performed in a continuous hot-dip galvanizing line.
• the type of plating is not limited to hot-dip galvanization or galvannealing described above and may be electrogalvanizing.
• the plating treatment conditions, the alloying treatment conditions, and other manufacturing conditions are not particularly limited and may be general conditions.
• each of the hot-rolled steel sheets subjected to the annealing treatment was immersed in a galvanizing bath (0.1% by mass Al—Zn) at 480° C., and a hot-dip galvanized layer was formed on both faces of the steel sheet at 45 g/m 2 .
• Part of the hot-rolled steel sheets (Nos. 9, 10, 14, 16, and 18 to 20) were subjected to the hot-dip galvanizing treatment and then alloying treatment.
• the alloying treatment temperature was 520° C.
• Test specimens were taken from the hot-rolled steel sheets (Nos. 1 to 22) and were subjected to microstructure observation, a tensile test, and a hole-expanding test.
• the microstructure observation method and various test methods were as follows:
• SEM test specimens were taken from the hot-rolled steel sheets. A vertical cross section of each of the test specimens parallel to the rolling direction was polished and was subjected to nital etching. SEM photographs were taken in 10 visual fields at a quarter thickness in the depth direction and at a magnification ratio of 3000. A ferrite phase and a non-ferrite phase were separated by image analysis. The fraction of each of the phases (area fraction) was determined.
• Thin film samples were prepared from the hot-rolled steel sheets (at a quarter thickness in the depth direction). Photographs were taken in 10 visual fields with a transmission electron microscope at a magnification ratio of 200,000.
• the number of carbide grains containing Ti (N 0 ) was determined from the photographs.
• the grain size of each carbide grain containing Ti was determined as an equivalent circle diameter by image processing.
• the number of carbide grains having a grain size of less than 9 nm (N 1 ) out of the carbide grains containing Ti was determined.
• the ratio of the number of carbide grains having a grain size of less than 9 nm to the number of carbide grains containing Ti was calculated from these numbers (N 0 and N 1 ).
• Precipitates were extracted from the hot-rolled steel sheets by constant-current electrolysis using an AA electrolyte solution (an ethanol solution of acetylacetone-tetramethylammonium chloride). The extract was passed through a filter having a pore size 20 nm. Precipitates having a size of less than 20 nm were separated in this manner, and the amount of Ti in the precipitates having a size of less than 20 nm was measured by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP). The ratio (percentage) of Ti in the precipitates having a size of less than 20 nm was determined by dividing the amount of Ti in the precipitates having a size of less than 20 nm by the amount of Ti in the hot-rolled steel sheet.
• ICP inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
• Test specimens (size: 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm) were taken from the hot-rolled steel sheets. A hole having an initial diameter d 0 was formed in each of the test specimens by punching with a 50-mm ⁇ punch (clearance of stamping: 30%). The hole was then expanded by inserting a conical punch having a vertex angle of 60 degrees into the hole from the punched side. A hole diameter d 1 at which a crack penetrated the steel sheet (test specimen) in the thickness direction was measured. The burring ratio (%) was calculated using the following equation.
• a burring ratio of 30% or more was considered to be high mass production burring formability.
• the hot-rolled steel sheets according to examples had the desired tensile strength (900 MPa or more) and good mass production burring formability.
• the hot-rolled steel sheets according to comparative examples Nos. 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 17 to 20, which were outside the scope of the present invention, did not have the desired high strength or sufficient burring ratios.

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