US20150330275A1 - Exhaust Purification System for Internal Combustion Engine - Google Patents

Exhaust Purification System for Internal Combustion Engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150330275A1
US20150330275A1 US14/655,586 US201214655586A US2015330275A1 US 20150330275 A1 US20150330275 A1 US 20150330275A1 US 201214655586 A US201214655586 A US 201214655586A US 2015330275 A1 US2015330275 A1 US 2015330275A1
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Prior art keywords
filter
temperature
ammonia
scrf
exhaust gas
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Abandoned
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US14/655,586
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English (en)
Inventor
Akira Mikami
Shigeki Nakayama
Nobumoto Ohashi
Keishi Takada
Kenji Sakurai
Yoshihisa Tsukamoto
Hiroshi Otsuki
Junichi Matsuo
Ichiro Yamamoto
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication of US20150330275A1 publication Critical patent/US20150330275A1/en
Assigned to TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YAMAMOTO, ICHIRO, NAKAYAMA, SHIGEKI, MATSUO, JUNICHI, OTSUKI, HIROSHI, TSUKAMOTO, YOSHIHISA, OHASHI, NOBUMOTO, SAKURAI, KENJI, TAKADA, KEISHI, MIKAMI, AKIRA
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0245—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by increasing temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine.
  • an apparatus in which a selective catalytic reduction NO x catalyst (referred to hereafter as an SCR catalyst) is carried on a filter has been developed as an exhaust gas purification apparatus provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine.
  • the filter traps particulate matter (referred, to hereafter as PM) contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the SCR catalyst reduces NO x contained in the exhaust gas using ammonia (NH 3 ) as a reducing agent.
  • a filter carrying this type of SCR catalyst will be referred to hereafter as an SCRF.
  • an SCRF as an exhaust gas purification apparatus
  • a size of the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be reduced in comparison with a case where the filter and the SCR catalyst, are provided separately in the exhaust passage.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be mounted more easily.
  • the SCR catalyst can be disposed further upstream in the exhaust passage.
  • the SCR catalyst is more likely to be heated by heat from the exhaust gas.
  • the SCR catalyst can be heated more easily, and a NO x purification ratio (a ratio of an amount of NO x reduced in the SCR catalyst relative to an amount of NO x flowing into the SCRF) of the SCR catalyst can be improved.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a configuration in which an oxidation catalyst, an injector, an SCRF, and a slip oxidation catalyst are provided in an exhaust, passage of a diesel engine in sequence from an upstream side of an exhaust gas flow.
  • the injector is an apparatus that injects ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the exhaust gas.
  • the slip oxidation catalyst is a catalyst for oxidizing ammonia that slips out of the SCRF.
  • filter regeneration processing is processing for removing the PM accumulated in the SCRF by oxidizing the PM.
  • the filter regeneration processing is realized by supplying fuel to a pre-catalyst having an oxidation function, which is provided in the exhaust passage on the upstream side of the SCRF.
  • a temperature of the SCRF can be increased to a filter regeneration temperature at which oxidation of the PP1 is promoted.
  • Patent Literature 2 discloses a technique for reducing an amount of ammonia, supplied to an SCRF prior to thermal regeneration (filter regeneration) of the SCRF. According to this technique, an amount of ammonia adsorbed to the SCR catalyst can be reduced before the SCRF is thermally regenerated. As a result, ammonia discharge accompanying thermal regeneration of the SCRF can be suppressed.
  • Patent Literature 3 discloses a technique in which an amount of KC adhered to an SCR catalyst provided in an exhaust passage is estimated, and when the amount of adhered HC exceeds an allowable adhesion amount, the KC is desorbed from the SCR catalyst, by heating the SCR catalyst.
  • Patent Literature 3 also discloses a technique in which heating of the SCR catalyst is stopped when the amount, of HC adhered to the SCR catalyst decreases to a predetermined lower limit value after starting to heat the SCR catalyst.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Translation of PCT Application No. 2007-501353
  • Patent Literature 2 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-170388
  • Patent Literature 3 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-41437
  • Ammonia or an ammonia precursor is supplied to the SCRF.
  • the NO x contained in the exhaust gas is then reduced by the SCR catalyst carried on the SCRF using the ammonia as a reducing agent.
  • NO x may be generated when the ammonia is oxidized. This NO x generation must, be suppressed, and therefore a catalyst having a high oxidation capacity cannot easily be carried on the SCRF. Hence, the oxidation capacity of the SCR catalyst carried on the SCRF is extremely low.
  • a part of the HC contained in the fuel supplied to the pre-catalyst may slip out of the pre-catalyst without being oxidized by the pre-catalyst.
  • the HC that slips out of the pre-catalyst flows into the SCRF.
  • the oxidation capacity of the SCR catalyst carried on the SCRF is extremely low. Therefore, when the HC flows into the SCRF, a part of the HC adheres to the SCRF. The adhered HC may remain adhered to the SCRF without being oxidised.
  • an ammonia adsorption site i.e. a site of the SCR catalyst carried on the SCRF to which ammonia should be adsorbed, is blocked by the HC.
  • ammonia adsorption site is blocked by the HC, ammonia is less easily adsorbed to the SCR catalyst following completion of the filter regeneration processing. As a result, the NO x purification ratio of the SCR catalyst decreases.
  • the present invention has been designed in consideration of the problems described above, and an object thereof is to suppress a reduction in a NO x purification ratio accompanying filter regeneration processing in an exhaust gas purification system that is provided in an internal combustion engine and includes an SCRF.
  • a temperature of the SCRF is Increased by increasing a temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine following completion of the filter regeneration processing, and as a result, HC adhered to the SCRF is removed.
  • an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine includes:
  • the temperature of the SCRF When the temperature of the SCRF is increased by increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, the temperature of the SCRF can be increased while suppressing an increase in the amount of HC that flows into the SCRF. Therefore, by executing the HC poisoning recovery processing following completion of the filter regeneration processing, the HC that adheres to the SCRF during execution of the filter regeneration processing can be removed while preventing new HC from adhering to the SCRF.
  • the HC poisoning recovery processing may be executed for a period, corresponding to an amount of HC adhered to the SCRF at a start point of the HC poisoning recovery processing. Further, the HC poisoning recovery processing may be executed for a period corresponding to an execution period of the filter regeneration processing. According to these configurations, the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be prevented from becoming excessively long while ensuring that the HC adhered to the SCRF is removed sufficiently.
  • the ammonia or the ammonia precursor may be supplied to the SCRF by the ammonia supply apparatus in an amount corresponding to the temperature of the SCRF until the temperature of the SCRF reaches a target temperature.
  • ammonia can be adsorbed to the ammonia adsorption site of the SCR catalyst even during the filter regeneration processing until the temperature of the SCRF reaches the target temperature. Accordingly, the amount of HC that adheres to the SCRF during the filter regeneration processing can be suppressed. As a result, the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be shortened.
  • a reduction in a NO x purification ratio accompanying filter regeneration processing can be suppressed in an exhaust gas purification system, that is provided in an internal combustion engine and includes an SCRF.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an intake/exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart, showing a flow of filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a time chart showing transitions of a temperature Tf of an SCRF, a temperature Tpc of a pre-catalyst, a fuel addition amount Fadd added by a fuel addition valve, a post-injection amount Fpost injected into the internal, combustion engine, an HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF, an ammonia gas addition amount Aadd added by an ammonia addition valve, and an ammonia adsorption amount Qam adsorbed to an SCR catalyst, when filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to the first embodiment are executed.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to a modified example of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of ammonia gas addition control executed during filter regeneration processing according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a time chart showing transitions of the temperature Tf of the SCRF, the temperature Tpc of the pre-catalyst, the fuel addition amount Fadd added by the fuel addition valve, the post-injection amount Fpost injected into the internal combustion engine, the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF, the ammonia gas addition amount Aadd added by the ammonia addition valve, and the ammonia adsorption amount Qam adsorbed to the SCR catalyst, when filter regeneration processing and KC poisoning recovery processing according to the second embodiment, are executed.
  • an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is applied to a diesel engine used to drive a vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the present invention is not limited to a diesel engine, and may be a gasoline engine or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an intake/exhaust system of the internal combustion engine according to this embodiment.
  • An internal combustion engine 1 is a diesel engine used to drive a vehicle.
  • An intake passage 2 and an exhaust passage 3 are connected to the internal combustion engine 1 .
  • An air flowmeter 11 is provided in the intake passage 2 . The air flow meter 11 detects an intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 1 .
  • a first exhaust gas temperature sensor 12 , a fuel addition valve 4 , a pre-catalyst 5 , an ammonia addition valve 6 , an SCRF 7 , a second exhaust gas temperature sensor 13 , a post-catalyst 8 , and a third exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 are provided in the exhaust passage 3 in sequence from an upstream side of an exhaust gas flow.
  • the pre-catalyst 5 is an oxidation catalyst.
  • the pre-catalyst 5 is not limited to an oxidation catalyst, however, and may be any catalyst having an oxidation function.
  • the fuel addition valve 4 adds fuel to the exhaust gas in order to supply the fuel to the pre-catalyst 5 .
  • the fuel addition valve 4 corresponds to a fuel supply apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the fuel addition valve 4 may be omitted, and instead, fuel may be supplied to the pre-catalyst 5 by executing an auxiliary fuel injection in the internal combustion engine 1 at a later timing than a main fuel injection such that the fuel injected in the auxiliary fuel injection is discharged in an unburned condition into the exhaust passage 3 without contributing to combustion in a combustion chamber.
  • the SCRF 7 is configured such that an SCR catalyst 7 a is carried on a wall-flow filter that traps PM contained, in the exhaust gas.
  • the SCR catalyst 7 a reduces NO x contained in the exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent.
  • the ammonia addition valve 6 adds ammonia gas to the exhaust gas in order to supply ammonia to the SCRF 7 .
  • ammonia is supplied to the SCRF 7
  • the ammonia is temporarily adsorbed to an ammonia adsorption site of the SCR catalyst 7 a carried on the SCRF 7 .
  • the adsorbed ammonia serves as a reducing agent so that the NO x contained in the exhaust gas is reduced thereby.
  • the ammonia addition valve 6 corresponds to an ammonia supply apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the ammonia supply apparatus according to the present invention may be an apparatus that supplies ammonia in a liquid or solid form.
  • the ammonia supply apparatus according to the present invention may be an apparatus that supplies an ammonia precursor.
  • a urea addition valve that adds a urea water solution to the exhaust gas may be provided instead of the ammonia addition valve 6 .
  • urea is supplied to the SCRF 7 as the ammonia precursor. Ammonia is then generated by hydrolyzing the urea.
  • the post-catalyst 8 is an oxidation catalyst.
  • the post-catalyst 8 may be another catalyst having an oxidation function.
  • the post-catalyst 8 may be a catalyst configured by combining an oxidation catalyst with an SCR catalyst that reduces the NO x contained in the exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent.
  • the oxidation catalyst may be termed by carrying a precious metal such as platinum (Ft) on a carrier having aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zeolite, or the like, for example, as a material
  • the SCR catalyst may be formed by carrying a base metal such as copper (Cu) or iron (Fe) on a carrier having zeolite as a material.
  • HC, CO, and ammonia contained in the exhaust gas can be oxidised.
  • NO x can be generated by oxidizing a part of the ammonia, and the generated NO x can be reduced using the surplus ammonia as a reducing agent.
  • the first exhaust gas temperature sensor 12 , the second exhaust gas temperature sensor 13 , and the third exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 are sensors for detecting a temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • the first exhaust gas temperature sensor 12 detects the temperature of the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas is discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 .
  • the second exhaust gas temperature sensor 13 detects the temperature of the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas flows out of the SCRF 7 .
  • the third exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 detects the temperature of the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas flows out of the post-catalyst 8 .
  • An electronic control unit (ECU) 10 is annexed to the internal combustion engine 1 .
  • Various sensors such as the airflow meter 11 , the first exhaust gas temperature sensor 12 , the second exhaust gas temperature sensor 13 , and the third exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 , are electrically connected to the ECU 10 .
  • Output signals from the various sensors are input into the ECU 10 .
  • the ECU 10 estimates a flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 3 on the basis of an output value from the air flow meter 11 .
  • the ECU 10 estimates a temperature of the SCRF 7 on the basis of an output value from the second exhaust gas temperature sensor 13 , and estimates a temperature of the post-catalyst 8 on the basis of an output value from the third exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 .
  • a fuel injection valve of the internal combustion engine 1 , the fuel addition valve 4 , and the ammonia addition valve 6 are also electrically connected to the ECU 10 . These apparatuses are thus controlled by the ECU 10 .
  • filter regeneration processing is executed to remove the PM that has accumulated in the SCRF 7 .
  • the filter regeneration processing according to this embodiment is realized by adding fuel from the fuel addition valve 4 so that the fuel is supplied to the pre-catalyst 5 .
  • the fuel is oxidized in the pre-catalyst 5 , oxidation heat is generated.
  • the exhaust gas flowing into the SCRF 7 is heated by this oxidation heat. As a result, the temperature of the SCRF 7 increases.
  • the temperature of the SCRF 7 is increased to a predetermined filter regeneration temperature (650° C., for example) at which oxidation of the PM is promoted. As a result, the PM that has accumulated in the SCRF 7 is oxidized and thereby removed.
  • a predetermined filter regeneration temperature 650° C., for example
  • the filter regeneration processing is executed every time a predetermined amount of time elapses.
  • the filter regeneration processing may be executed every time a vehicle in which the internal combustion engine 1 is installed travels a predetermined travel distance.
  • the filter regeneration, processing may be executed every time the amount of PM accumulated in the SCRF 7 reaches a predetermined accumulation amount.
  • the amount of PM accumulated in the SCRF 7 can be estimated on the basis of histories of a fuel injection amount, injected into the internal combustion engine 1 , a flow rate at which the exhaust gas flows into the SCRF 7 , the temperature of the SCRF 7 , and so on.
  • a part of the HC contained in the fuel that is supplied to the pre-catalyst 5 may slip out of the pre-catalyst 5 without being oxidized in the pre-catalyst 5 .
  • the HC that slips out of the pre-catalyst 5 flows into the SCRF 7 .
  • the oxidation capacity of the SCR catalyst 7 a carried on the SCRF 7 is extremely low. Therefore, when the HC flows into the SCRF 7 , a part of the HC adheres to the SCRF 7 . The adhered HC may remain adhered to the SCRF without being oxidized.
  • the ammonia adsorption site i.e. the site of the SCR catalyst 7 a carried on the SCRF 7 to which ammonia should be adsorbed
  • the ammonia adsorption site is blocked by the HC.
  • ammonia is less easily adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 7 a following completion of the filter regeneration processing.
  • a NO x purification ratio of the SCR catalyst 7 a decreases.
  • HC poisoning recovery processing is executed following completion of the filter regeneration processing in order to remove the HC adhered to the SCRF 7 .
  • the HC poisoning recovery processing is processing for increasing the temperature of the SCRF 7 to an HC poisoning recovery temperature (650° C., for example) at which oxidation of the HC is promoted by increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 .
  • the HC poisoning recovery processing is realized by executing an auxiliary fuel injection in the internal combustion engine 1 at a timing which is later than the main fuel injection and at which the fuel injected in the auxiliary fuel injection contributes to combustion in a combustion chamber. By executing the auxiliary fuel injection at this timing, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 can be increased.
  • the auxiliary fuel injection executed at this timing will be referred to hereafter as a post-injection.
  • the temperature of the SCRF 7 When the temperature of the SCRF 7 is increased by increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 , the temperature of the SCRF 7 can be increased while suppressing an increase in the amount of HC that flows into the SCRF 7 .
  • the HC poisoning recovery processing following completion of the filter regeneration processing therefore, the HC that adheres to the SCRF 7 during the filter regeneration processing can be removed while preventing new HC from adhering to the SCRF 7 .
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow of the filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to this embodiment. This flow is stored in the ECU 10 in advance, and executed by the ECU 10 repeatedly.
  • step S 101 a determination is made as to whether or not a filter regeneration processing execution condition is established.
  • the filter regeneration processing execution condition is determined to be established when a predetermined time elapses following completion of the previous filter regeneration processing.
  • step S 101 execution of the current flow is terminated.
  • step S 102 processing of step S 102 is executed.
  • step S 102 fuel is added by the fuel addition valve 4 .
  • the filter regeneration processing is executed.
  • the temperature of the SCRF 7 is adjusted to the filter regeneration temperature, which serves as a target temperature.
  • step S 103 a determination is made as to whether or not a filter regeneration processing termination condition is established.
  • the filter regeneration processing termination condition is determined to be established when a predetermined regeneration execution period, elapses following the start of the filter regeneration processing.
  • step S 103 When a negative determination is made in step S 103 , the processing of steps S 102 and S 103 is executed again.
  • step S 104 processing of step S 104 is executed.
  • step S 104 fuel addition by the fuel addition valve 4 is stopped. In other words, the filter regeneration processing is terminated.
  • step S 105 an HC adhesion amount.
  • Qhc currently adhered to the SCRF 7 is calculated.
  • An amount of HC that adheres to the SCRF 7 per unit time and an amount of HC that is oxidized per unit time during execution of the filter regeneration processing can be estimated on the basis of the amount of fuel added by the fuel addition valve 4 , the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the pre-catalyst 5 , the temperature of the SCRF 7 , and so on. By integrating these values, the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 can be calculated.
  • step S 106 an execution period ⁇ Tp of the HC poisoning recovery processing to be executed henceforth is set.
  • the execution period ⁇ Tp of the KC poisoning recovery processing is set on the basis of the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 .
  • the execution period ⁇ Tp of the HC poisoning recovery processing is set to be shorter than when the HC adhesion amount Qhc is small.
  • a relationship between the KC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 and the execution period ⁇ Tp of the HC poisoning recovery processing is determined on the basis of experiments and the like. The relationship between these values is stored in advance in the ECU 10 in the form of a map or a function.
  • step S 107 the post-injection is executed in the internal combustion engine 1 .
  • the HC poisoning recovery processing is executed.
  • the temperature of the SCRF 7 is adjusted to the HC poisoning recovery temperature, which serves as a target temperature, by controlling an injection timing and an injection amount of the auxiliary fuel injection.
  • the HC poisoning recovery temperature and the filter regeneration temperature may be identical.
  • step S 108 a determination is made as to whether or not the time ⁇ Tp set in step S 106 has elapsed following the start of the post-injection in the internal combustion engine 1 , or in other words following the start of the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • step S 108 a determination is made as to whether or not the time ⁇ Tp set in step S 106 has elapsed following the start of the post-injection in the internal combustion engine 1 , or in other words following the start of the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • the execution period ⁇ Tp of the HC poisoning recovery processing is set on the basis of the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 . Accordingly, the execution period ⁇ Tp of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be prevented from becoming excessively long while ensuring that the HC adhered to the SCRF 7 is removed sufficiently. As a result, an increase in fuel consumption accompanying execution of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be suppressed.
  • the HC poisoning recovery processing may be executed without setting the execution period, of the HC poisoning recovery processing in advance.
  • a remaining amount of HC in the SCRF 7 is estimated, during execution of the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • the HC poisoning recovery processing may then be terminated when the estimated remaining amount of HC falls to or below a predetermined remaining amount.
  • the amount of HC that is oxidized per unit time during execution of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be estimated on the basis of the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the SCRF 7 , and so on.
  • the amount of HC remaining in the SCRF 7 can then be calculated by subtracting the amount of oxidized HC from the amount of HC adhered at the start of the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing may be set on the basis of an execution period of the filter regeneration processing.
  • the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing is set to be shorter when the execution period of the filter regeneration processing is short than when the execution period of the filter regeneration processing is long.
  • the execution period of the KC poisoning recovery processing can be prevented from becoming excessively long while ensuring that the HC adhered to the SCRF 7 is removed sufficiently.
  • the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing may be set at a fixed time determined in advance. Likewise in this case, the HC that adheres to the SCRF 7 during the filter regeneration processing can be removed. From the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in fuel consumption, however, the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing is preferably modified in accordance with the amount of KC adhered to the SCRF 7 or the execution period of the filter regeneration processing, as described above.
  • an amount of M remaining in the SCRF 7 may be estimated during execution of the filter regeneration processing.
  • the filter regeneration processing termination condition may then be determined to be established in step S 103 of the flow described above when the estimated remaining amount of PM falls to or below a predetermined remaining amount.
  • An amount of PM that is oxidized per unit time during execution of the filter regeneration processing can be estimated on the basis of the flow rate of the exhaust, gas, the temperature of the SCRF 7 , and so on.
  • the amount of PM remaining in the SCRF 7 can then be calculated by subtracting the amount of oxidized PM from the amount of PM that has accumulated at the start of the filter regeneration processing.
  • the predetermined remaining amount may be larger than an amount at which it is possible to determine that substantially all of the PM that can be oxidized has been removed.
  • the execution period of the filter regeneration processing can be shortened in comparison with a case where an attempt is made to remove as much PM as possible.
  • the temperature of the SCRF 7 is adjusted to substantially identical target temperatures during both the HC poisoning recovery processing and the filter regeneration processing. Therefore, even when PM remains in the SCRF 7 at the point where the filter regeneration processing is terminated, the remaining PM can be oxidized and removed during execution of the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • FIG. 3 is a time chart showing transitions of a temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 , a temperature Tpc of the pre-catalyst 5 , a fuel addition amount Fadd added by the fuel addition valve 4 , a post-injection amount.
  • Fpost injected into the internal combustion engine 1 the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 , an ammonia gas addition amount Aadd added by the ammonia addition valve 6 , and an ammonia adsorption amount Qam adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 7 a , when filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to this embodiment are executed.
  • the abscissa denotes a time t.
  • Tft denotes the target temperature (the filter regeneration temperature and the HC poisoning recovery temperature) of the SCRF 7 during the filter-regeneration processing and the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • the post-injection is executed in the internal combustion engine 1 .
  • a period extending from the time t 3 to the time t 4 corresponds to the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • the temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 is maintained at the target temperature (the HC poisoning recovery temperature), while the supply of new HC to the SCRF 7 is suppressed. Accordingly, the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 decreases from the time t 3 to the time t 4 .
  • the temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 (in other words, the temperature of the SCR catalyst 7 a ) gradually decreases from the time t 4 to a time t 5 . Accordingly, the amount of ammonia that can be adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 7 a increases. From the time t 4 to the time t 5 , therefore, the ammonia gas addition amount Aadd added by the ammonia addition valve 6 is gradually increased. As a result, the ammonia adsorption amount Qam adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 7 a gradually increases from the time t 4 to the time t 5 .
  • the KC adhered to the SCRF 7 is removed without executing the HC poisoning recovery processing by maintaining the temperature of the SCRF 7 at a temperature enabling oxidation of the HC after the filter regeneration processing is terminated, or in other words after fuel addition by the fuel addition valve 4 is stopped. In so doing, the need to start the HC poisoning recovery processing as soon as the filter regeneration processing is terminated can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart, showing a flow of filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to this modified example.
  • processing other than that performed in step S 205 is identical to the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 4 . Accordingly, only the processing of step S 205 will be described, and description of the processing performed in the other steps will be omitted.
  • This flow is stored in the ECU 10 in advance and executed by the ECU 10 repeatedly.
  • step S 205 a determination is made as to whether or not the temperature of the SCRF 7 is equal to or lower than a predetermined processing start temperature Tf 0 .
  • the processing start temperature Tf 0 is equal to or lower than the target-temperature of the filter regeneration processing (i.e. the filter regeneration temperature) , and equal to or higher than a lower limit. value of a temperature at which the HC adhered, to the SCRF 7 can be oxidised.
  • the processing start temperature Tf 0 is determined in advance on the basis of experiments and the like.
  • step S 205 When a negative determination is made in step S 205 , the processing of step S 205 is executed again. When an affirmative determination is made in step S 205 , on the other hand, the processing of step S 105 is executed.
  • step S 105 the HC adhesion amount. Qhc currently adhered to the SCRF 7 is calculated by subtracting the amount of oxidized KC following completion of the filter regeneration processing from, the amount of HC adhered to the SCRF 7 at the completion point of the filter regeneration processing.
  • the amount of HC adhered to the SCRF 7 at the start point of the HC poisoning recovery processing is reduced in comparison with a case where the KC poisoning recovery processing is started as soon as the filter regeneration processing is terminated. Therefore, the execution period ⁇ Tp of the HC poisoning recovery processing, set in step S 106 , can he shortened. As a result, an increase in fuel consumption accompanying execution of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be suppressed even further.
  • a basic configuration of an intake/exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to this embodiment is similar to the configuration according to the first embodiment. Therefore, only differences from the first embodiment in the filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to this embodiment will be described below.
  • ammonia gas addition by the ammonia addition valve 6 is stopped during execution of the filter regeneration processing and the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • ammonia can be adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 7 a even during execution of the filter regeneration processing until the temperature of the SCRF 7 reaches the target temperature or in other words while the temperature of the SCRF 7 remains lower than the target temperature.
  • ammonia gas addition by the ammonia addition valve 6 is executed during execution of the filter regeneration processing until the temperature of the SCRF 7 reaches the target temperature.
  • ammonia can be adsorbed to the ammonia adsorption site of the SCR catalyst 7 a during execution of the filter regeneration processing until the temperature of the SCRF 7 reaches the target temperature. Accordingly, the amount of HC that adheres to the SCRF 7 during execution of the filter regeneration processing can be reduced. As a result, the amount of HC adhered to the SCRF 7 at the completion point of the filter regeneration processing can be reduced.
  • the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be shortened in comparison with a case where ammonia gas addition by the ammonia addition valve 6 is stopped from the start point of the filter regeneration processing.
  • an increase in fuel consumption accompanying execution of the HC poisoning recovery processing can be suppressed even further.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of ammonia gas addition control performed during the filter regeneration processing according to this embodiment. This flow is stored in the ECU 10 in advance, and executed by the ECU 10 repeatedly.
  • step S 301 a determination is made as to whether or not the filter regeneration processing is underway.
  • step S 301 execution of the current flow is terminated.
  • step S 302 processing of step S 302 is executed.
  • step S 302 a determination is made as to whether or not the temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 is lower than the target temperature (the filter regeneration temperature) Tft.
  • processing of step S 303 is executed.
  • step S 303 an ammonia gas addition amount Add to be added by the ammonia addition valve 6 is set.
  • the ammonia gas addition amount Add is set in accordance with the temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 (i.e., the temperature of the SCR catalyst 7 a ). More specifically, when the temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 is high, the ammonia addition amount Add is set to be smaller than when the temperature is low.
  • a relationship between the ammonia addition amount Add and the temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 is determined on the basis of experiments and the like. The relationship between these values is stored in advance in the ECU 10 in the form of a map or a function.
  • step S 304 ammonia is added by the ammonia addition valve 6 .
  • the amount of ammonia added at this time is adjusted to the amount, set in step S 303 .
  • step S 305 ammonia gas addition by the ammonia addition valve 6 is stopped.
  • the amount of ammonia gas added by the ammonia addition valve 6 is gradually reduced as the temperature of the SCRF 7 increases. In so doing, a situation in which an excessive amount, of ammonia gas is supplied to the SCRF 7 can be prevented from occurring. As a result, the ammonia can be prevented from flowing out of the SCRF 7 .
  • FIG. 6 is a time chart showing transitions of the temperature Tf of the SCRF 7 , the temperature Tpc of the pre-catalyst 5 , the fuel addition amount. Fadd added by the fuel addition valve 4 , the post-injection amount Fpost injected into the internal combustion engine 1 , the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 , the ammonia gas addition amount Aadd added, by the ammonia addition valve 6 , and the ammonia adsorption amount Qam adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 7 a , filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to this embodiment are executed.
  • the abscissa denotes the time t. Further, in FIG.
  • Tft denotes the target temperature (the filter regeneration temperature and the KC poisoning recovery temperature) of the SCRF 7 during the filter regeneration processing and the HC poisoning recovery processing.
  • solid lines denote the transitions of the respective values according to this embodiment, while dotted lines denote the transitions of the respective values when the filter regeneration processing and HC poisoning recovery processing according to the first embodiment are executed.
  • ammonia gas is added by the ammonia addition valve 6 even during the period extending from the time t 0 to the time t 2 , i.e. during execution of the filter regeneration processing.
  • the amount of ammonia gas added by the ammonia addition valve 6 is gradually reduced.
  • the ammonia adsorption amount Qam adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 7 a at the time t 2 is substantially zero.
  • the HC adhesion amount Qhc adhered to the SCRF 7 at the time t 3 i.e. the termination point of the filter regeneration processing, is smaller than that of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the execution period of the HC poisoning recovery processing (the period extending from t 3 to t 4 ) can be shortened in comparison with the first embodiment.
  • the temperature of the SCRF 7 increases to a temperature at which PM oxidation is promoted, similarly to the filter regeneration processing.
  • the temperature of the SCRF 7 is increased by increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 , as in the HC poisoning recovery processing, the fuel consumption increases in comparison with a case where the temperature of the SCRF 7 is increased to an identical temperature by supplying fuel to the pre-catalyst 5 . To suppress an increase in the fuel consumption, therefore, the PM accumulated in the SCRF 7 is removed by performing the filter regeneration processing.
US14/655,586 2012-12-26 2012-12-26 Exhaust Purification System for Internal Combustion Engine Abandoned US20150330275A1 (en)

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EP2940265A4 (de) 2015-12-23

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