US20150272124A1 - Antimicrobial compositions containing cationic active ingredients - Google Patents

Antimicrobial compositions containing cationic active ingredients Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150272124A1
US20150272124A1 US14/225,039 US201414225039A US2015272124A1 US 20150272124 A1 US20150272124 A1 US 20150272124A1 US 201414225039 A US201414225039 A US 201414225039A US 2015272124 A1 US2015272124 A1 US 2015272124A1
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Prior art keywords
antimicrobial
foam
dermal
concentrate
composition
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US14/225,039
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Inventor
Daniel E. Pedersen
Carter M. Silvernail
Kerrie E. Walters
Hilina Emiru
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Ecolab USA Inc
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Ecolab USA Inc
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Priority to US14/225,039 priority Critical patent/US20150272124A1/en
Assigned to ECOLAB USA INC. reassignment ECOLAB USA INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SILVERNAIL, CARTER M., EMIRU, HILINA, PEDERSEN, DANIEL E., WALTERS, Kerrie E.
Priority to AU2015236680A priority patent/AU2015236680B2/en
Priority to BR112016022235-0A priority patent/BR112016022235B1/pt
Priority to JP2016558710A priority patent/JP6392890B2/ja
Priority to CA2943619A priority patent/CA2943619C/fr
Priority to CN201580020889.2A priority patent/CN106232092B/zh
Priority to MX2016012370A priority patent/MX2016012370A/es
Priority to PCT/US2015/018370 priority patent/WO2015148063A1/fr
Priority to EP15768833.4A priority patent/EP3122327A4/fr
Publication of US20150272124A1 publication Critical patent/US20150272124A1/en
Priority to US15/160,580 priority patent/US11590065B2/en
Priority to US18/158,889 priority patent/US20230157937A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/43—Guanidines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/16—Foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
    • A01N47/44—Guanidine; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/41—Amines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/41—Amines
    • A61K8/416—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/602—Glycosides, e.g. rutin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8158—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides, e.g. (meth) acrylamide; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
    • A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
    • A61K2800/30—Characterized by the absence of a particular group of ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to antimicrobial compositions, like personal care compositions, having improved antimicrobial efficacy and high foaming attributes. More particularly, the present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions exhibiting the antimicrobial effectiveness of cationic active ingredients, a foam boosting surfactant, a chelating agent, a novel foam boosting copolymer, with optional properties of a broad spectrum of antimicrobial efficacy, high foam and reduced irritation to mammalian tissue.
  • the composition is essentially free of aromatic biocides such as triclosan, anionic surfactants and C 1 to C 4 alcohols
  • Antimicrobial personal care compositions are known in the art. Especially useful are antimicrobial cleansing compositions, which typically are used to cleanse the skin and to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms present on the skin, especially the hands, arms, and face of the user.
  • Antimicrobial compositions are used, for example, in the health care industry; long term care, hospitality and health/exercise facilities; food service industry, meat processing industry, and in the private sector by individual consumers.
  • the widespread use of antimicrobial compositions indicates the importance consumers place on controlling bacteria and other microorganism populations on skin. It is important, however, that antimicrobial populations provide a substantial and broad spectrum reduction in microorganism populations quickly and without problems associated with toxicity and skin irritation.
  • antimicrobial cleansing compositions typically contain an active antimicrobial agent, an anionic surfactant for cleansing and foam generation, skin conditioning agents for cosmetic effects, and dyes, perfumes, and optional thickening agents, such as clays, polymers, cellulosic derivatives, or colloids, for aesthetic effects, all in an aqueous carrier.
  • antimicrobial agents include active ingredients selected from the following classes: phenolic compounds, carbanalide compounds, lower alcohols, surface active agents halogens, and carboxylic acids. Each of these classes has their own unique advantages and challenges. Examples of specific antimicrobial agents include PCMX (para-chlorometa xylenol), Triclosan, Triclocarban, benzyl alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), iodine and iodine complexes and biguanides (e.g., chlorhexidine digluconate). At this time Triclosan is the dominant antimicrobial active ingredient in the dermal cleanser market.
  • PCMX para-chlorometa xylenol
  • Triclosan Triclocarban
  • benzyl alcohol benzyl alcohol
  • QAC quaternary ammonium compounds
  • iodine and iodine complexes e.g., chlorhexidine digluconate
  • Triclosan is disfavored as an antimicrobial agent due to environmental persistence and health concerns due to the possible formation of intermediate and/or environmental by products.
  • a need exists for an efficacious antimicrobial personal care composition which is substantially free of biocides such as Triclocarban and Triclosan but that still provides a high foam level desired by consumers and is mild to the skin.
  • the present invention is directed to such antimicrobial compositions.
  • the antimicrobial composition comprises a cationic active ingredient, a foam boosting surfactant which may encompass nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants or amphoteric surfactants, a novel foam boosting copolymer, a chelating agent, a foam stabilizer and water.
  • the present antimicrobial compositions are free of the antimicrobial agent triclosan (i.e., 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′hydroxy-diphenylether), anionic surfactants and C 1 to C 4 alcohols and have rapid cidal efficacy.
  • the compositions also provide stable copious foam and may optionally contain ingredients to increase skin compatibility and skin health.
  • one aspect of the present invention is to provide an antimicrobial composition for reducing microbial population on dermal tissue, the antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) about 0.1 wt. % to about 10.0 wt. %, by weight of cationic actives; (b) about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, by weight of a foam boosting surfactant; (c) about 0.5 wt. % to about 25 wt. % dermal adjuvants (d) about 0.05 wt. % to about 12.0 wt. %, by weight of a foam boosting polymer, (e) about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt.
  • % of a foam stabilizer (f) from about 0.1 wt. % about 6.0 wt. % of a chelating agent such that the chelating agent forms a calcium-chelating agent complex with a stability constant (expressed in logarithmic form) greater than 5.5 and (g) water or other suitable diluent wherein the composition it essentially free of triclosan, anionic surfactants and C 1 to C 4 alcohols.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an antimicrobial composition for reducing microbial population on dermal tissue which is stable and has a pH of about 4.0 to about 9.0.
  • the present composition also exhibits excellent esthetic properties, such as copious foam and foam stability and may optionally contain ingredients to increase skin compatibility and skin health.
  • the composition may exhibit reduced tissue irritancy potential.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide personal use products based on an antimicrobial composition of the present invention, for example, a skin cleanser, a surgical scrub, a hand sanitizer gel, a disinfectant, antiseptic wash, and the like.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of reducing gram positive and/or gram negative bacteria populations on mammalian tissue, including human tissue, by contacting the tissue, like the dermis, with a composition of the present invention for a sufficient time, such as about 15 seconds to 5 minutes, to reduce the bacteria level to a desired level.
  • Antimicrobial efficacy is applicable to viral and fungal organisms as well as gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a graph depicting the tests results of the efficacy following a 30 second exposure time of three different cationic active ingredients, specifically, 0.5% quat (benzalkonium chloride), 2% CHG (chlorhexidine gluconate), and 1% PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide) in a representative surfactant system.
  • 0.5% quat benzalkonium chloride
  • CHG chlorhexidine gluconate
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a graph depicting the test results of the efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria with increased concentrations of quaternary sugar-derived surfactants, specifically, poly (trimoniumhydroxypropyl cocogluocosides chloride).
  • quaternary sugar-derived surfactants specifically, poly (trimoniumhydroxypropyl cocogluocosides chloride).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a graph depicting the test results of the efficacy with increased concentrations of foam boosting surfactants, specifically, amine oxide.
  • foam boosting surfactants specifically, amine oxide.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the dermal irritancy (mildness) of the preferred embodiment for an antimicrobial dermal cleanser to four commercially available antimicrobial soaps.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the foam profile of the preferred embodiment for an antimicrobial dermal cleanser to three commercially available antimicrobial soaps.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria following a 30 second exposure to a cationic active in combination with quaternary sugar-derived surfactants, held constant at 1.25% and an n-alkyl (C 12-16 ) dimethylamine oxide foam boosting surfactant.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the foam rigidity of the preferred embodiment for an antimicrobial dermal cleanser to two commercially available antimicrobial soaps with cationic actives.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria over various pHs.
  • weight percent (wt-%), percent by weight, % by weight, and the like are synonyms that refer to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100.
  • the term “about” modifying the quantity of an ingredient in the compositions of the invention or employed in the methods of the invention refers to variation in the numerical quantity that can occur, for example, through typical measuring and liquid handling procedures used for making concentrates or use solutions in the real world; through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients employed to make the compositions or carry out the methods; and the like.
  • the term about also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about,” the claims include equivalents to the quantities.
  • cationic active is defined as the ingredient that provides antimicrobial cidal activity.
  • skin care active is defined as the ingredient or ingredients that improve or maintain the health of the dermal barrier.
  • alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical having a specified number of carbon atoms. As used herein, “alkyl” refers to a linear or branched C 6 -C 18 carbon chain.
  • microbial or “microbial population” refers to bacterial, fungal, yeast, or viral population or combinations thereof or any mixture thereof in a laboratory or natural setting.
  • rapid cidal efficacy refers to ⁇ 3 log kill in up to 60 seconds in the in vitro time kill test ASTM E 2315.
  • surfactant or “surface active agent” refers to an organic chemical that when added to a liquid changes the properties of that liquid at a surface or interface.
  • “Cleansing” means to perform or aid in soil removal, bleaching, microbial population reduction, rinsing, or combination thereof.
  • the term “free” refers to compositions completely lacking the component or having such a small amount of the component that the component does not affect the effectiveness of the composition.
  • the component may be present as an impurity or as a contaminant and shall be less than 0.5 wt. %. In another embodiment, the amount of the component is less than 0.1 wt. % and in yet another embodiment, the amount of component is less than 0.01 wt. %.
  • actives or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives” or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleansing expressed as a percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts.
  • triclosan free or “free of triclosan” refers to a composition, mixture, or ingredients that do not contain triclosan (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′hydroxy-diphenylether) or triclosan containing compounds or to which the same has not been added. Should triclosan or triclosan containing compounds be present through contamination of a composition, mixture, or ingredients, the amount of the same shall be less than 0.5 wt. %. In another embodiment, the amount of is less than 0.1 wt. % and in yet another embodiment, the amount is less than 0.01 wt. %.
  • the present invention relates to an antimicrobial composition that exhibits rapid cidal antimicrobial efficacy and high foaming attributes.
  • the antimicrobial composition comprises a cationic active ingredient, a foam boosting surfactant which may encompass anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or cationic surfactants and water.
  • the present antimicrobial compositions are free of the antimicrobial agent triclosan (i.e., 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′hydroxy-diphenylether), anionic surfactants and C 1 to C 4 alcohols, has rapid cidal efficacy and provide stable copious foam and may optionally contain ingredients to increase skin compatibility and skin health.
  • an antimicrobial composition for reducing microbial population on dermal tissue includes: (a) about 0.1 wt. % to about 10.0 wt. %, by weight of cationic actives; (b) about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, by weight of a foam boosting surfactant; (c) about 0.5 wt. % to about 25 wt. % dermal adjuvants and (d) water or other suitable diluent.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an antimicrobial composition for reducing microbial population on dermal tissue which is stable and has a pH of about 5.0 to about 8.0.
  • the present composition also surprisingly exhibits excellent esthetic properties, such as copious foam and foam stability and may optionally contain ingredients to increase skin compatibility and skin health. Moreover, the composition may exhibit reduced tissue irritancy potential.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide personal use products based on an antimicrobial composition of the present invention, for example, a skin cleanser, a surgical scrub, a hand sanitizer gel, a disinfectant, and the like.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of reducing gram positive and/or gram negative bacteria populations on mammalian tissue, including human tissue, by contacting the tissue, like the dermis, with a composition of the present invention for a sufficient time, such as about 30 seconds to 5 minutes, to reduce the bacteria level to a desired level.
  • a cationic active is present in an antimicrobial composition for reducing microbial population on the dermal tissue of a mammal of the present invention in an amount of about 0.1 wt. % to about 10.0 wt. %, and preferably about 0.1 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %, by weight of the composition.
  • the amount of antimicrobial agent in the composition is related to the end use of the composition,
  • the amount of antimicrobial agent is sufficient in the compositions of the invention to achieve a microbial kill in a short contact time, for example, 15 to 30 seconds.
  • Cationic active ingredients are an antimicrobial agent useful in the present invention.
  • the cationic or cationically-active ingredients are substances based on nitrogen centered cationic moieties with net positive change.
  • the cationic or cationically-active ingredients are preferably selected from the group consisting of cationic polymers, cationic surfactants, cationic monomers, cationic silicon compounds, cationic derivatized protein hydrolyzates and betaine with at least one cationic or cationically-active group.
  • Suitable cationic active ingredients contain quaternary ammonium groups. Suitable cationic active ingredients especially include those of the general formula:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently of each other represent alkyl groups, aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, alkoxy groups, polyoxyalkylene groups, alkylamido groups, hydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, H + ions, each with from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, with the provision that at least one of the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 has at least eight carbon atoms and wherein X(-) represents an anion, for example, a halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate or alkyl sulfate, preferably a chloride.
  • the aliphatic groups can also contain cross-linking or other groups, for example additional amino groups, in addition to the carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • Particular cationic active ingredients include, for example, but are not limited to, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC), alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, N, N-bis-(3-aminopropyl) dodecylamine, chlorhexidine gluconate, an organic and/or organic salt of chlorhexidene gluconate, PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide), salt of a biguanide, a substituted biguanide derivative, an organic salt of a quaternary ammonium containing compound or an inorganic salt of a quaternary ammonium containing compound or mixtures thereof.
  • ADBAC alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
  • alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride
  • a present antimicrobial composition is substantially free of triclosan.
  • the phrase “substantially free” of triclosan is defined as meaning that the composition contains 0% to about 0.25% by weight, in total, of triclosan.
  • triclosan may be present in an antimicrobial composition in a total amount of 0.25% or less either as a by-product or as a component of an ingredient in the composition, but triclosan is not intentionally introduced into the composition.
  • Triclosan is disfavored as an antimicrobial agent due to environmental and health concerns due to the possible formation of intermediate and/or environmental by products.
  • the present antimicrobial composition for reducing microbial population on the dermal tissue of a mammal of the present invention also contains one or more foam boosting surfactants.
  • the one or more foam booting surfactants is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 40.0%, and preferably about 1% to about 25%, by weight, of the composition.
  • the amount of foam boosting surfactant present in the composition is related to the amount of the cationic active in the composition, the amount of the quaternized sugar-derived surfactant in the composition, the identity of the foam boosting surfactant, and the end use of the composition.
  • the foam-boosting surfactant can be (a) nonionic surfactants or cationic surfactants, or mixtures thereof.
  • the formulation is essentially free of anionic or zwitteronic surfactants.
  • non ionic foam-boosting co-surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl amine oxide, alkyl ether amine oxide, alkyl alcohol alkoxylates, aryl alcohol alkoxylates, substituted alcohol alkoxylates, block nonionic copolymers, heteric nonionic copolymers, alkanolamides, substituted amides, or polyethoxylated glycerol derivatives.
  • the antimicrobial composition can contain a nonionic surfactant component that includes a detersive amount of nonionic surfactant or a mixture of nonionic surfactants.
  • a nonionic surfactant has a hydrophobic region, such as a long chain alkyl group or an alkylated aryl group, and a hydrophilic group comprising an ethoxy and/or other hydrophilic moieties.
  • a “nonionic foam-boosting surfactant” has a hydrophobic region having an alkyl group containing six to eighteen carbon atoms, and an average of one to about twenty ethoxy and/or propoxy moieties.
  • non ionic foam-boosting co-surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl amine oxide, alkyl ether amine oxide, alkyl alcohol alkoxylates, aryl alcohol alkoxylates, substituted alcohol alkoxylates, block nonionic copolymers, heteric nonionic copolymers, alkanolamides, or polyethoxylated glycerol esters, and mixtures thereof.
  • the antimicrobial composition can contain an amphoteric surfactant component that includes a detersive amount of amphoteric surfactant or a mixture of amphoteric surfactants.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, imidiazolines and imidiazoline derivatives, isethionates, betaine derivatives, amphoacetate derivatives, propionates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the antimicrobial composition may contain a cationic surfactant component that includes a detersive amount of cationic surfactant or a mixture of cationic surfactants.
  • Cationic surfactants that can be used in the antimicrobial composition include, but are not limited to, quaternized sugar-derived surfactants, quaternized polysaccharides, alkyl polysaccharides, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated ether amines, phospholipids, phospholipid derivatives, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred is a quaternized sugar-derived surfactant.
  • the quaternized sugar surfactant may be present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 18%, and preferably about 0.25% to about 12.5%, by weight, of the composition.
  • the amount of quaternized sugar-derived surfactant present in the composition is related to the amount of the cationic active in the composition, to the identity of the quaternized sugar-derived surfactant, and the end use of the composition.
  • the quaternized sugar-derived surfactant is a quaternized alkyl polyglucoside or a polyquaternized alkyl polyglucoside, and the like.
  • the antimicrobial composition of the present invention includes a polyquaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside, a cationic active ingredient, water, and an optional foam boosting surfactant.
  • the poly quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside is a cationic surfactant naturally derived from alkyl polyglucosides and has a sugar backbone.
  • Poly quaternary alkyl polyglucosides have the following representative formula:
  • R is an alkyl group having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms and n is an integer ranging from 4 to 6.
  • suitable poly quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides components which can be used in the cleansing compositions according to the present invention include those in which the R alkyl moiety contains from about 8 to about 12-carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment the quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside contains primarily about 10-12 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of commercially suitable poly quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides useful in cleansing compositions of the present invention include but is not limited to: Poly Suga®Quat series of quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides, available from Colonial Chemical, Inc., located in South Pittsburgh, Tenn.
  • the antimicrobial composition of the present invention includes a quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside, a cationic active ingredient, water, and an optional foam boosting surfactant.
  • the quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside is a naturally derived cationic surfactant from alkyl polyglucosides and has a sugar backbone.
  • Quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides have the following representative formula:
  • R 1 is an alkyl group having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms
  • R 2 is CH 3 (CH 2 ) n′ where n′ is an integer ranging from 0-21.
  • suitable quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides components which can be used in the cleansing compositions according to the present invention include those in which the R 1 alkyl moiety contains primarily about 10-12 carbon atoms, the R 2 group is CH 3 and n is the degree of polymerization of 1-2.
  • Further examples of a suitable quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside include, but are not limited to, the antimicrobial and antifungal quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • Examples of commercially suitable quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides useful in cleansing compositions of the present invention include but is not limited to: Suga®Quat TM 1212 (primarily C 12 quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside), Suga®Quat L 1210 (primarily C 12 quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside), and Suga®Quat S 1218 (primarily C 12 quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside) available from Colonial Chemical, Inc., located in South Pittsburgh, Tenn.
  • the composition can contain from about 1 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of dermal adjuvants, preferably from about 5 wt. % to about 25 wt. % of dermal adjuvants.
  • Dermal adjuvants/skin care actives generally include any substance which improves or maintains the health of the dermal barrier. Some examples include but are not limited to emollients and skin moisturizer/protectants.
  • the composition can include emollients which are polymers such as dimethyl siloxanes
  • emollients which are polymers such as dimethyl siloxanes
  • examples of high include but are not limited to dicaprylyl carbonate, dibutyl adipate, hexyl laurate, dicaprylyl ether, propylheptyl caprylate, 4-10 centistoke silicone oil, D4, 5, or 6 cyclic siloxane, isocetyl palmitate, hydrogentated polyisobutene, and diethylhexylcarbonate.
  • polymers such as dimethyl siloxanes examples include capric/caprylic triglyceride, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, capric triglyceride, caprylic triglyceride, isopropyl myristrate, isopropyl palmitate, octyldodecanol, decyl oleate, cocoglycerides, ethylhexyl stearate, ceteraryl isononanoate, cetearyl ethyhexanonate, decyl cocoate, cetyl dimethicone, ethylhexyl palmitate, PPG-11 stearyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, Dimethicone fluid, and PPG-14 butyl ether.
  • These materials also may include polymers such as siloxanes examples include mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides and butters and hydrogenated versions of seed and nut oils including but not limited to; palm oil, coconut oil, vegetable oil, avocado oil, canola oil, corn oil, soy bean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, meadowfoam seed oil, bilberry seed oil, watermelon seed oil, olive oil, cranberry, macadamia nut oil, argan oil, pomegranate oil, argan moraccan oil, blue berry oil, raspberry oil, walnut oil, pecan oil, peanut oil, bayberry oil, mango seed oil, Manila oil, castor oil:Shea butter, jojoba oil, hydrolyzed jojoba oil, Carnauba butter, Carnauba wax, castor isostearate succinate stearyl heptanoate, cetyl ricinoleate, oleyl frucate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose distearate,
  • Alkyl modified dimethicone (stearoxy dimethicone, behenoxy dimethicone, cetyl dimethicone, certeryl methicone C30-45 Alkyl cetearyl dimethicone copolymer, C30-45 Alkyl dimethicone, caprylyl methicone, PEG-8 dimethicone/dimer dilinoleic acid copolymer, Bis-PEG-10 Dimethicone/Dimer Dilinoleate Copolymer, Stearoxymethicone/Dimethicone Copolymer, Dipheyl dimethicone, Lauryl polyglycerol-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, Lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone), Dimethicone fluid (>20cst), quaternized ammonia silicone polymers, Amino silicones, silicone quaternium-18, Amodimethicone
  • Emollients if present may be in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, preferably from about 0.05 wt. % to about 8 wt. % and more preferably from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %.
  • the composition can include at least one additional skin conditioner such as vitamins, a humectant, an occlusive agent, or other moisturizer to provide skin moisturizing, skin softening, skin barrier maintenance, anti-irritation, or other skin health benefits.
  • additional skin conditioners include alkyl benzoate, myristyl myristate, cetyl myristate, gelatin, carboxylic acid, lactic acid, glyceryl dioleate, methyl laurate, PPG-9 laurate, lauryl lacylate allantoin, octyl palmitate, lanolin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, monobutyl ether, glycerine, fatty acids, proline, natural oils such as almond, mineral, canola, sesame, soybean, pyrrolidine, wheat germ, hydrolyzed wheat protein, hydrolyzed oat protein, hydrolyzed collagen, corn, peanut and olive oil, is
  • humectants include hydroxyethyl urea, agarose, urea, sodium PCA, arginine PCA, fructose, glucose, glutamic acid, glycerine, honey, lactose, maltose, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof.
  • occlusive agents include petrolatum, shea butter, avocado oil, balm mint oil, cod liver oil, mineral oil, trimyristin, stearyl stearate, synthetic wax, or mixtures thereof.
  • moisturizers include ethyl hexylglycerin, cholesterol, cystine, hyaluronic acid, keratin, lecithin, egg yolk, glycine, PPG-12, polyquaternium polymers such as polyquaternium-11, behentrimonium chloride, dihydroxypropyl PEG-5 linoleammonium chloride, glycerol oleate, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, cocoglucoside, PEG-200 hydrogenated glyceryl palmate, panthenol, retinol, salicylic acid, vegetable oil, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20, ethoxylated derivatives of skin conditioners such as glycereth
  • the skin conditioner component is present in lower amounts that seen in traditional commercial skin sanitizers. Applicants have found that due to the chronic use of such sanitizers, lower amounts can be used with similar health benefits and less tacky residue.
  • the skin conditioner or combination thereof in total is present in the composition in an amount from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, preferably from about 0.5 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, and more preferably from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
  • the composition of the invention includes a novel foam boosting polymer.
  • the foam boosting polymer is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt. % to about 18 wt. %, preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %.
  • Polymers which function according to the invention comprise a hydrophobically modified cationic polymer obtainable from the polymerization of the following structural units:
  • the first structural unit is a water-soluble cationic ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
  • the first structural unit can be a dialkyl diallyl ammonium with halides, hydrogensulfate or methosulfate as counterions according to formula (I):
  • the first structural unit is a quaternary or acid salt of dialkyl amino alkyl (meth)acrylate.
  • the first structural unit is an acid salt of a dialkyl amino aikyl (meth) acrylamide or a quaternary dialkyl amino alkyl (meth) acrylamide according to formula (II):
  • DMAC (3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride
  • ATAC (3-methacryl-amidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride
  • METAC dimethylaminopropylacrylat methochlorid
  • METAC dimethylaminopropylmethacry at methochlorid.
  • the first structural unit is [2-(Acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride, also referred to as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methochloride (DMA3*MeCl), or trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium chloride, also referred as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methochloride(DMAEMA*MeCl).
  • the first structural unit is DADMAC.
  • the second structural unit is acylamide or methacrylamide wt % for each of the structural units are calculated based on 100% by weight of all structural units derived from all the monomers in the co polymer.
  • a preferred copolymer is a DADMAC/(meth)acrylamide copolymer with a molecular weight of approximately 2,000,000 such as the Mackermium 007 line of copolymers available from Rhodia, Inc.
  • the composition includes a foam solubilizer which includes an organic solvent, other than a short chain alcohol, typically soluble in both water and oil.
  • foam solubilizers include: polyols, such as glycerol (glycerin), propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol n-alkanols, terpenes, di-terpenes, tri-terpenes, terpen-ols, limonene, terpene-ol, 1-menthol, dioxolane, ethylene glycol, other glycols, sulfoxides, such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformanide, methyl dodecyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide; monooleate of ethoxylated glycerides (with 8 to 10 ethylene oxide units); azone (1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one), 2-(n-
  • the foam solubilizer is present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, preferably from about 0.5 wt. % to about 8 wt. %.
  • the composition is generally a concentrate or a ready to use composition that includes a chelating agent.
  • a chelating agent is a molecule capable of coordinating (i.e., binding) the metal ions commonly found in water sources to prevent the metal ions from interfering with the action of the other ingredients.
  • chelating agents include phosphonic acid and phosphonates, phosphates, aminocarboxylates and their derivatives, pyrophosphates, ethylenediamine and ethylenetriamine derivatives, hydroxyacids, and mono-, di-, and tri-carboxylates and their corresponding acids.
  • the composition is phosphate free.
  • Preferred chelating agents form calcium-chelating agent complexes with a stability constant (expressed in logarithmic form) of about 5.5 or greater.
  • the calcium-chelating agent stability constant (K) is the measure of the stability of a calcium-chelating agent complex (CaL) formed by the reaction of a calcium ion (Ca) with a chelating agent (L) in aqueous solution.
  • the stability constant is expressed as:
  • K stability constant for the calcium-chelating agent complex
  • [CaL] concentration (mol/L) of the calcium-chelating agent complex
  • [Ca] concentration (mol/L) of calcium ions
  • [L] concentration (mol/L) of the chelating agent
  • Preferred chelating agents are selected from the group comprising ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA); methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid (MGDA); glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA); Aspartic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (ASDA) and alkali, alkali earth metal, transition metal and/or ammonium salts thereof.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • DTPA diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid
  • MGDA methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid
  • GLDA glutamic acid-N,N
  • the carrier of the present antimicrobial composition comprises water, propylene glycol, glycerols, alcohols or mixtures thereof.
  • the water may be provided as deionized water or as softened water.
  • the water provided as part of the composition can be relatively free of hardness. It is expected that the water can be deionized to remove a portion of the dissolved solids. That is, the concentrate can be formulated with water that includes dissolved solids, and can be formulated with water that can be characterized as hard water.
  • the antimicrobial composition of the present invention does not rely upon a low pH or a high pH to provide a rapid reduction in microbial populations.
  • Antimicrobial populations of the present invention have a pH of about 5.0 to about 8.0. Within this pH range, the present compositions effectively reduce microbial populations, and are consumer acceptable, i.e., are mild to the skin, are phase stable, and generate copious, stable foam.
  • the antimicrobial composition can include additional components or agents, such as additional functional materials.
  • additional functional materials such as additional functional materials.
  • the antimicrobial composition including the cationic active ingredients and quaternary sugar-derived surfactants may provide a large amount, or even all of the total weight of the antimicrobial composition, for example, in embodiments having few or no additional functional materials disposed therein.
  • the functional materials provide desired properties and functionalities to the antimicrobial composition.
  • the term “functional materials” include a material that when dispersed or dissolved in a use and/or concentrate solution, such as an aqueous solution, provides a beneficial property in a particular use.
  • the antimicrobial composition containing the cationic active ingredients and the quaternized sugar-derived surfactants may optionally contain additional surfactants, pH adjusting compound, preservatives, antioxidants, fragrances, dyes, other disinfectants, sanitizers, thickening or gelling agents, or mixtures thereof.
  • additional surfactants pH adjusting compound, preservatives, antioxidants, fragrances, dyes, other disinfectants, sanitizers, thickening or gelling agents, or mixtures thereof.
  • the composition may optionally include a preservative.
  • preservatives fall into specific classes including phenolics, halogen compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, metal derivatives, amines, alkanolamines, nitro derivatives, biguanides, analides, organosulfur and sulfur-nitrogen compounds, alkyl parabens, and miscellaneous compounds.
  • phenolic antimicrobial agents include pentachlorophenol, orthophenylphenol, chloroxylenol, p-chloro-m-cresol, p-chlorophenol, chlorothymol, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropyl cresols, mixed cresols, phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethylparaben, phenoxyisopropanol, phenyl paraben, resorcinol, and derivatives thereof.
  • halogen compounds include trichlorohydroxy diphenyl ether (Triclosan), sodium trichloroisocyanurate, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, iodine-poly(vinylpyrolidin-onen) complexes, and bromine compounds such as 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, and derivatives thereof.
  • quaternary ammonium compounds include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride, and derivatives thereof.
  • amines and nitro containing compounds include hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine, dithiocarbamates such as sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, and derivatives thereof.
  • biguanides include polyaminopropyl biguanide and chlorhexidine gluconate.
  • alkyl parabens include methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl parabens.
  • the preservative is preferably present in the composition in an amount from about 0 to about 3 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. %, and from about 0.5 to about 1 wt. %.
  • the composition may optionally include a thickener.
  • exemplary thickeners include (1) cellulosic thickeners and their derivatives, (2) natural gums, (3) starches, (4) stearates, and (5) fatty acid alcohols, (6) acrylic acid polymers and crosspolymers (example “carbomer”, (7) Aristoflex AVC (need generic category name)
  • cellulosic thickeners include carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and the like.
  • Some non-limiting examples of natural gums include acacia, calcium carrageenan, guar, gelatin, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, pectin, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and the like.
  • Some non-limiting examples of starches include oat flour, potato starch, wheat flour, wheat starch, and the like.
  • Some non-limiting examples of stearates include PEG-150 distearate, methoxy PEG-22/dodecyl glycol copolymer, and the like.
  • Some non-limiting examples of fatty acid alcohols include caprylic alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, palm kernel alcohol, and the like.
  • the amount of thickener in the composition depends on the desired viscosity of the composition.
  • the composition may optionally contain additional surfactant or combination of surfactants.
  • additional surfactant or combination of surfactants can be selected from water soluble or water dispersible nonionic, semi-polar nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, or surface-active agents; or any combination thereof.
  • the particular surfactant or surfactant mixture chosen for use in the process and products of this invention can depend on the conditions of final utility, including method of manufacture, physical product form, use pH, and the like.
  • the composition is substantially free of anionic or zwitteronic surfactants.
  • Sanitizer compositions of the present invention have a pH of about 4.0 to about 8. Within this pH range, the present compositions effectively reduce microbial populations, and are consumer acceptable, i.e., are mild to the skin, are phase stable, and generate copious, stable foam. In some instances a pH adjusting compound may be necessary in a sufficient amount to provide a desired composition pH. To achieve the full advantage of the present invention, the pH-adjusting compound is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 3.5%, by weight.
  • Examples of basic pH-adjusting compounds include, but are not limited to, ammonia; mono-, di-, and trialkyl amines; mono-, di-, and trialkanolamines; alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides; alkali metal phosphates; alkali sulfates; alkali metal carbonates; and mixtures thereof.
  • the identity of the basic pH adjuster is not limited, and any basic pH-adjusting compound known in the art can be used.
  • basic pH-adjusting compounds are ammonia; sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxide; sodium and potassium phosphates, including hydrogen and dihydrogen phosphates; sodium and potassium carbonate and bicarbonate; sodium and potassium sulfate and bisulfate; monoethanolamine; trimethylamine; isopropanolamine; diethanolamine; and triethanolamine.
  • an acidic pH-adjusting compound is not limited and any acidic pH-adjusting compound known in the art, alone or in combination, can be used.
  • specific acidic pH-adjusting compounds are the mineral acids and polycarboxylic acids.
  • mineral acids are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid.
  • polycarboxylic acids are citric acid, glycolic acid, and lactic acid.
  • the composition may optionally include an antioxidant for improved skin condition through the removal of free radicals, and improved product stability.
  • antioxidants include retinol and retinol derivatives, ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid derivatives, BHA, BHT, beta carotene, cysteine, erythorbic acid, hydroquinone, tocopherol and tocopherol derivatives, and the like.
  • an antioxidant is included, it is preferably present in the composition in an amount from about 0.001 to about 2 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 1 wt. %, and from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt. %.
  • the composition may optionally include a fragrance.
  • a fragrance examples include, but are not limited to natural oils or naturally derived materials, and synthetic fragrances such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, ethers, nitriles, and polyfunctionals.
  • Non-limiting examples of natural oils include the following: basil ( Ocimum basilicum ) oil, bay ( Pimento acris ) oil, bee balm ( Monarda didyma ) oil, bergamot ( Citrus aurantium bergamia ) oil, cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum ) oil, cedarwood ( Cedrus atlantica ) oil, chamomile ( Anthemis nobilis ) oil, cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia ) oil, citronella ( Cymbopogon nardus ) oil, clary ( Salvia sclarea ) oil, clove ( Eugenia caryophyllus ) oil, cloveleaf ( Eufenia caryophyllus ) oil, Cyperus esculentus oil, cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens ) oil, Eucalyptus citriodora oil, geranium maculatum oil, ginger ( Zingiber of
  • Some non-limiting examples of synthetic hydrocarbon fragrances include caryophyllene, ⁇ -farnesene, limonene, ⁇ -pinene, and ⁇ -pinene.
  • Some non-limiting examples of synthetic aldehyde fragrances include 2-methyl undecanal, citral, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, isocycolcitral, lilial, and 10-undecenal.
  • Some non-limiting examples of synthetic ketone fragrances include cashmeran, ⁇ -ionone, isocyclemone E, koavone, muscone, and tonalide.
  • Some non-limiting examples of synthetic lactone fragrances include coumarin, jasmine lactone, muskalactone, and peach aldehyde.
  • Some non-limiting examples of synthetic ether fragrances include ambroxan, anther, and galaxolide. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic nitrile fragrances include cinnamonitrile and germonitrile. Finally, some non-limiting examples of synthetic polyfunctional fragrances include amyl salicylate, isoeugenol, hedione, heliotropine, lyral, and vanillin.
  • the composition may include a mixture of fragrances including a mixture of natural and synthetic fragrances.
  • the fragrance can be present in a composition in an amount up to about 5 wt. %, preferably from 0 to about 3 wt. %, from about 0 to about 1 wt. %, and from about 0 to about 0.2 wt. %.
  • the composition may optionally include a dye.
  • dyes include any water soluble or product soluble dye, any FD&C or D&C approved dye.
  • compositions of to the invention are easily produced by any of a number of known art techniques.
  • a part of the water is supplied to a suitable mixing vessel further provided with a stirrer or agitator, and while stirring, the remaining constituents are added to the mixing vessel, including any final amount of water needed to provide to 100% wt. of the inventive composition.
  • compositions may be packaged in any suitable container particularly flasks or bottles, including squeeze-type or pump bottles, as well as bottles provided with a spray apparatus (e.g. trigger spray) which is used to dispense the composition by spraying.
  • the selected packaging may have a pump head foamer.
  • pump head foamers include the F2 foamer from Rexam PLC (London, England, formerly Airspray), and the RF-17 Palm Foamer from Rieke Corporation (Auburn, Ind.). Accordingly the compositions are desirably provided as concentrates or ready to use products in a manual or automated dispensing equipment.
  • the composition may be provided in various packaging sizes.
  • packaging sizes include 1.5 oz, 500 ml and 1 liter bottles.
  • compositions of the present invention are intended to be used in the types of liquid forms described, nothing in this specification shall be understood as to limit the use of the composition according to the invention with a further amount of water to form a solution there from. Conversely, nothing in the specification shall be also understood to limit the forming of a “super-concentrated” composition based upon the composition described above Such a super-concentrated ingredient composition is essentially the same as the compositions described above except in that they include a lesser amount of water.
  • the invention includes compositions and methods for reducing the population of a microorganism on skin, a method for treating a disease of skin, and the like. These compositions and methods can operate by contacting the body with a composition of the invention. Contacting can include any of numerous methods for applying a composition of the invention, such as spraying the compositions, immersing, foam or gel treating the skin with the composition, or a combination thereof.
  • the compositions and methods may be used without further dilution with water or other suitable diluents or may be supplied as concentrated compositions.
  • the concentrated compositions may be diluted prior to packaging or diluted prior to/at the point of use
  • the concentrated compositions may be diluted at a concentrate: diluent ratio from about 1:1 to about 1:10. More preferably, the concentrated compositions may be diluted at a concentrate:diluent ration from about 1:3 to about 1:8.
  • the concentrated compositions may be diluted manually or through automated dispensing and/or diluting equipment.
  • compositions of the invention may be combined with treated or untreated water.
  • the compositions may be combined with aerated, chlorinated, desalinated, disinfected, reverse osmosis (RO) and/or filtered water.
  • the compositions may also be combined with water sources containing mineral ions such as, but not limited to calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, bicarbonate, phosphate, silicate, sulfate, fluoride, chloride, bromide, hydroxide, nitrate, nitrite and the like.
  • the concentrate compositions may be diluted at or prior to the point of use with water pretreated with coagulant and/or flocculants.
  • compositions of the invention can be included in any skin application products such, sanitizers, deodorizers, antiseptics, fungicides, germicides, virucides, waterless hand sanitizers, and pre- or post-surgical scrubs, preoperative skin preps.
  • the antimicrobial composition of the present invention has a high broad spectrum of antimicrobial efficacy, high foam and reduced irritation to mammalian tissue.
  • Exemplary compositions are provided in the following tables.
  • Antimicrobial composition with improved Foam Stability (Expressed as Weight Percentage) Antimicrobial composition (pH 5.0-6.7) Preferred More Preferred Embodiment Embodiment (% w/w) (% w/w) Lower Upper Lower Upper Ingredient Example Limit Limit Limit Limit Cationic Quaternary 0.4 1.5 0.5 1.0 Active Ammonium Ingredient Compound (QAC) [Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC)] Quaternized Quaternary 0.1 4.5 0.25 2.5 Sugar- functionalized alkyl Derived polyglucoside or Polyquaternary Surfactant functionalized alkyl polyglucoside Foam Dimethyl amine 0.1 12.0 1.0 5.0 Boosting oxide; alkyl Surfactant polyglucoside Adjuvants Glycerin, Sorbitol, 1.0 30.0 5.0 25.0 (Dermal) Esters, Polyquats, Glycols, Foam DADMAC/ 0.05 18.0 0.1 10 Stabilizing acrylamide Poly
  • Dermal Cleanser Exemplary Composition (Expressed as Weight Percentage) Dermal Cleanser (pH 5.5-7.5) Preferred Most Preferred Embodiment (% Embodiment (% w/w) w/w) Lower Upper Lower Upper Ingredient Example Limit Limit Limit Limit Cationic Active Quaternary 0.3 5.0 0.5 4.0 Ingredient Ammonium Compound (QAC) [Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADB AC)] Quaternized Sugar- Quaternary 0.1 15.0 0.25 10.0 Derived Surfactant functionalized alkyl polyglucoside or Polyquaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside Foam Boosting Dimethyl 0.1 40.0 2.0 20.0 Surfactant amine oxide; alkyl polyglucoside Adjuvants (Dermal) Glycerin, 1.0 25.0 1.75 15.0 Sorbitol, Esters, Polyquats, Preservative
  • Surgical Scrub Exemplary Composition (Expressed as Weight Percentage) Surgical Scrub (pH 5.5-7.5) Preferred Most Preferred Embodiment (% Embodiment (% w/w) w/w) Lower Upper Lower Upper Ingredient Example Limit Limit Limit Limit Cationic Active Chlorhexidine 1 6.0 1.5 5.0 Ingredient Gluconate (CHG) Quaternized Sugar- Quaternary 0.2 18.0 0.6 12.5 Derived Surfactant functionalized alkyl polyglucoside or Polyquaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside Foam Boosting Dimethyl 0.2 36.0 1.5 25.0 Surfactant amine oxide; alkyl polyglucoside Adjuvants (Dermal) Glycerin, 1.0 25.0 2.0 10.0 Sorbitol, Esters, Polyquats, Preservative
  • CHG Quaternized Sugar- Quaternary 0.2 18.0 0.6 12.5
  • Materials used in the described embodiments include, but are not limited to: Stearyldimonium-hydroxypropyl Laurylglucosides Chloride, Cocoglucosides Hydroxypropyl-trimonium Chloride, Laurylgluco sides Hydroxypropyl-trimonium Chloride, Poly (Lauryldimonium-hydroxypropyl Decylglucosides Chloride), Poly (Stearyldimonium-hydroxypropyl Decylglucosides Chloride), Poly (Stearyldimonium-hydroxypropyl Laruylglucosides Chloride), Poly (Trimonium-hydroxypropyl Cocoglucosides Chloride).
  • S. aureus is a Gram positive bacteria
  • E. coli is a Gram negative bacteria
  • the foam height was determined with the following procedural steps:
  • the foam stability was determined by using the difference between the foam/air interference and the foam/aqueous interface 5 minutes after pouring a 1% solution into a 1000 mL beaker.
  • the test consists of a topical exposure of the neat test chemical to a reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) model followed by a cell viability test.
  • Cell viability is measured by dehydrogenase conversion of MTT [(3-4,5-dimethyl thiazole 2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide], present in cell mitochondria, into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues.
  • MTT (3-4,5-dimethyl thiazole 2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]
  • EpiDerm tissues are conditioned by incubation of release transport-stress related compounds and debris overnight. After pre-incubation, tissues are topically exposed to the test chemicals for 60 minutes. Preferably, three tissues are used per test chemical (TC) and for the positive control (PC) and negative control (NC). Tissues are then thoroughly rinsed, blotted to remove the test substances, and transferred to fresh medium. Tissues are incubated for 42 hrs.
  • TC test chemical
  • PC positive control
  • NC negative control
  • the MTT assay is performed by transferring the tissues to 24-well plates containing MTT medium (1 mg/mL) after a 3 hr MTT incubation, the blue formazan salt formed by cellular mitochondria is extracted with 2.0 mL/tissue of isopropanol and the optical density of the extracted formazan is determined using a spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Relative cell viability is calculated for each tissue as % of the mean of the negative control tissues. Skin irritation potential of the test material is predicted if the remaining relative cell viability is below 50%.
  • the foam resistance was determined by measuring 65 grams of the test product into a blender and blending for about 10 seconds on medium speed. Thereafter, the test solution was poured into a cylinder and a plastic ball was dropped into the test solution and timed to determine how many seconds it took for the plastic ball to drop from a first pre-determined level to a second pre-determined level, e.g., from 100 mL mark on the cylinder to the 40 mL mark on the cylinder.
  • the following figures illustrate the efficacy following a 30 second exposure time of three different cationic active ingredients, specifically, 0.5% Quat (Benzalkonium Chloride), 2% CHG (Chlorhexidine Gluconate), and 1% PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide) in a representative surfactant system.
  • Quat Benzalkonium Chloride
  • CHG Chlorhexidine Gluconate
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • Table 7 illustrates the formulas for the three cationic active ingredient systems tested. Both the quaternary sugar-derived surfactant and foam boosting surfactant were held constant and only the cationic active ingredient was changed between the three tests performed. The results are illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the quaternary sugar-derived surfactant has a high cidal activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria after only 30 seconds of exposure. Also, the tolerance of the quaternary sugar derived surfactant against bacteria is shown. Furthermore, it is clearly illustrated that an increased concentration of quaternary sugar-derived surfactant maintains a good log kill of bacteria up until a 1 to 4 ratio of quaternary sugar-derived surfactant to cationic active ingredients.
  • Table 15 and FIG. 3 illustrate the efficacy with increased concentrations of foam boosting surfactants, specifically, amine oxide.
  • the amount and type of cationic active ingredient (0.5% ADBAC Quat) and Quaternary sugar-derived surfactant (1.25% Poly Trimoniumhydroxypropyl Cocoglucosides Chloride) were held constant.
  • Table 9 below illustrates the quantitative results of this test and FIG. 3 illustrates the graphical results.
  • the foam boosting surfactant has a high cidal activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria after only 30 seconds of exposure. Also, the tolerance of the foam boosting surfactant against bacteria is shown. Furthermore, it is clearly illustrated that a broad range of foam boosting surfactant maintains a good log kill of bacteria.
  • FIG. 4 (Mildness Index for an Antimicrobial Dermal Cleanser Embodiment):
  • the antimicrobial dermal cleanser of the current invention has a high relative mildness index especially in comparison to antimicrobial hand soaps that are commercially available.
  • FIG. 5 (Foam Profile for an Antimicrobial Dermal Cleanser Embodiment):
  • the antimicrobial dermal cleanser of the current invention has both good foam volume and foam stability especially in comparison to antimicrobial hand soaps that are commercially available.
  • Dissolvine 100S Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic acid sodium salt (Akzo Nobel)
  • Barlox 12 N-Alkyl (C12-16) dimethyl amine oxide (Lonza)
  • Cola Lipid C Cocamidopropyl PG dimonium chlorophosphate (Colonial Chemical)
  • Example Example #1 #2 USP Water 74.4 73.7 Acrylamide/DADMAC Copolymer 0.6 0.59 Benzalkonium Chloride, 50% 2.5 2.4 Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 40% 0 0.99 Lauryl Dimethylamine Oxide, 30% 21.8 21.6 Lactic Acid 0.69 0.69 Total 100 100
  • antimicrobial compositions of the invention where made with the same components with the exception of the two different chelating agents as indicated below in Table 18.
  • the testing results indicate that antimicrobial efficacy is enhanced by chelating agents with high stability constants for Ca 2+ and Mg 2 ⁇ .
  • Example Example 6 7 USP Water 74.4 73.7 Acrylamide/DADMAC Copolymer 0.6 0.59 Benzethonium Chloride, 99.5% 1.2 0 Chlorhexidene Gluconate Powder, 99% 0 1.2 Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 40% 0 0.99 Lauryl Dimethylamine Oxide, 30% 21.8 21.6 Lactic Acid 0.69 0.69 Total 100 100
  • Example Example Example 8 9 10 11 Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % USP Water qs qs qs qs Acrylamide/DADMAC Copolymer 0.3-0.5 0.3-0.5 0.3-0.5 0.3-0.5 Benzethonium Chloride, 99% 0.5 2 0 0 Chlorhexidine Gluconate Salt, 20% 0 0 2.5 10 Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 40% 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 Lau
  • the antimicrobial compositions of the present invention have several practical end uses, including hand cleansers, surgical scrubs, hand sanitizer gels, and similar personal care products. Additional types of compositions include foamed compositions, such as creams, mousses, and the like.
  • the present antimicrobial compositions can be manufactured as dilute ready-to-use compositions, or as concentrates that are diluted prior to or at the point of use. The dilution may occur manually or via automated dispensing and/or diluting equipment.

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US14/225,039 US20150272124A1 (en) 2014-03-25 2014-03-25 Antimicrobial compositions containing cationic active ingredients
EP15768833.4A EP3122327A4 (fr) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 Compositions antimicrobiennes contenant des ingrédients actifs cationiques
CA2943619A CA2943619C (fr) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 Compositions antimicrobiennes contenant des ingredients actifs cationiques
BR112016022235-0A BR112016022235B1 (pt) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 Concentrado dérmico antimicrobiano
JP2016558710A JP6392890B2 (ja) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 カチオン性活性成分を含む抗菌組成物
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CN201580020889.2A CN106232092B (zh) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 含有阳离子活性成分的抗微生物组合物
MX2016012370A MX2016012370A (es) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 Composiciones antimicrobianas que contienen ingredientes activos cationicos.
PCT/US2015/018370 WO2015148063A1 (fr) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 Compositions antimicrobiennes contenant des ingrédients actifs cationiques
US15/160,580 US11590065B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2016-05-20 Antimicrobial compositions containing cationic active ingredients
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JP2017510581A (ja) 2017-04-13
BR112016022235B1 (pt) 2021-03-23
US20160262999A1 (en) 2016-09-15
US20230157937A1 (en) 2023-05-25
US11590065B2 (en) 2023-02-28
AU2015236680B2 (en) 2017-07-06
AU2015236680A1 (en) 2016-09-29
CN106232092B (zh) 2020-07-14
MX2016012370A (es) 2016-12-02
JP6392890B2 (ja) 2018-09-19
EP3122327A1 (fr) 2017-02-01
CN106232092A (zh) 2016-12-14
CA2943619A1 (fr) 2015-10-01
WO2015148063A1 (fr) 2015-10-01
EP3122327A4 (fr) 2017-12-13
CA2943619C (fr) 2021-05-04

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