US20150104952A1 - Method and composition for selectively removing metal hardmask and other residues from semiconductor device substrates comprising low-k dielectric material and copper - Google Patents
Method and composition for selectively removing metal hardmask and other residues from semiconductor device substrates comprising low-k dielectric material and copper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150104952A1 US20150104952A1 US14/103,303 US201314103303A US2015104952A1 US 20150104952 A1 US20150104952 A1 US 20150104952A1 US 201314103303 A US201314103303 A US 201314103303A US 2015104952 A1 US2015104952 A1 US 2015104952A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium
- acid
- tin
- removal composition
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 212
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims description 83
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- -1 carboxylate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- NGPGDYLVALNKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;azane;2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NGPGDYLVALNKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1CCCCC1N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- LESFYQKBUCDEQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O LESFYQKBUCDEQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004251 Ammonium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmorpholine N-oxide Chemical compound CN1(=O)CCOCC1 LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940059265 ammonium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019286 ammonium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- RZOBLYBZQXQGFY-HSHFZTNMSA-N azanium;(2r)-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].C[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RZOBLYBZQXQGFY-HSHFZTNMSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OCCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PZZHMLOHNYWKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N eddha Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(C(=O)O)NCCNC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O PZZHMLOHNYWKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCOCCOCCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 9
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940090948 ammonium benzoate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NHJPVZLSLOHJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;butanedioic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O NHJPVZLSLOHJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KYQODXQIAJFKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O KYQODXQIAJFKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FTEDXVNDVHYDQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N BAPTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FTEDXVNDVHYDQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WDLRUFUQRNWCPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraxetan Chemical compound OC(=O)CN1CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC1 WDLRUFUQRNWCPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- AENSXLNDMRQIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxido sulfate;tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound [O-]OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AENSXLNDMRQIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium chlorate Chemical compound N.OCl(=O)=O KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iodic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]I(=O)=O ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YUUVAZCKXDQEIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;chlorite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]Cl=O YUUVAZCKXDQEIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- URGYLQKORWLZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;periodate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O URGYLQKORWLZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine dioxide Inorganic materials O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVWHTOUAJSGEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine trioxide Chemical compound [O]Cl(=O)=O TVWHTOUAJSGEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FDXKBUSUNHRUIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;chlorite Chemical compound [O-]Cl=O.C[N+](C)(C)C FDXKBUSUNHRUIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZRVXFJFFJZFRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O.C[N+](C)(C)C ZRVXFJFFJZFRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCWKIFAQRXNZCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O ZCWKIFAQRXNZCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- HLQAWDQQEJSALG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;periodate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O HLQAWDQQEJSALG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 33
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 9
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XKLFHZFNQJSXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)=O Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)=O XKLFHZFNQJSXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDGIVSREGUOIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-3h-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione Chemical compound NC1=NN=C(S)S1 GDGIVSREGUOIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical compound NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMTGXDAKINWIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.N.N.N Chemical class N.N.N.N PMTGXDAKINWIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHAZGSRLKBTDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazol-1-amine Chemical compound NN1C=NC=N1 NHAZGSRLKBTDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGJCBBASTRWVJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione Chemical compound SC1=NCCS1 WGJCBBASTRWVJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXRIDTLKJCKPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydroimidazole-5-thione Chemical compound S=C1CN=CN1 NXRIDTLKJCKPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FVVDPJOHERATAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O FVVDPJOHERATAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- G03F7/423—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only containing mineral acids or salts thereof, containing mineral oxidizing substances, e.g. peroxy compounds
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31105—Etching inorganic layers
- H01L21/31111—Etching inorganic layers by chemical means
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D3/2082—Polycarboxylic acids-salts thereof
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
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- C23F1/18—Acidic compositions for etching copper or alloys thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/32—Alkaline compositions
- C23F1/38—Alkaline compositions for etching refractory metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/32—Alkaline compositions
- C23F1/40—Alkaline compositions for etching other metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C23F11/149—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen as hetero atom
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/42—Stripping or agents therefor
- G03F7/422—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only
- G03F7/425—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only containing mineral alkaline compounds; containing organic basic compounds, e.g. quaternary ammonium compounds; containing heterocyclic basic compounds containing nitrogen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/42—Stripping or agents therefor
- G03F7/422—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only
- G03F7/426—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only containing organic halogen compounds; containing organic sulfonic acids or salts thereof; containing sulfoxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02041—Cleaning
- H01L21/02057—Cleaning during device manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02041—Cleaning
- H01L21/02057—Cleaning during device manufacture
- H01L21/0206—Cleaning during device manufacture during, before or after processing of insulating layers
- H01L21/02063—Cleaning during device manufacture during, before or after processing of insulating layers the processing being the formation of vias or contact holes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/033—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
- H01L21/0334—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/0337—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/3213—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer
- H01L21/32133—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only
- H01L21/32134—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only by liquid etching only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76807—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics for dual damascene structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76814—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics post-treatment or after-treatment, e.g. cleaning or removal of oxides on underlying conductors
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- C11D2111/22—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31144—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means using masks
Definitions
- compositions and methods for selectively removing metal hardmask and other residues from integrated circuit (IC) device substrates relate to compositions and methods for selectively removing metal hardmask and other residues from integrated circuit (IC) device substrates, and, more particularly, to compositions and methods useful for selectively removing TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, and W metal hardmask, and metal hardmasks comprising alloys of the foregoing, as well as other residues from such substrates comprising low-k dielectric materials, TEOS, copper, cobalt and other low-k dielectric materials, using carboxylate compounds.
- IC integrated circuit
- Plasma dry etching is commonly used to fabricate vertical sidewall trenches and anisotropic interconnecting vias in copper (Cu)/low-k dual damascene fabrication processes.
- Cu copper
- Low-k dual damascene fabrication processes As the technology nodes advance to 45 nm and smaller, the decreasing size of the semiconductor devices makes achieving critical profile control of vias and trenches more challenging.
- Integrated circuit device companies are investigating the use of a variety of metal hardmasks to improve etch selectivity to low-k materials and thereby gain better profile control.
- the cleaning solution can also effectively etch the metal hardmask to form an intermediate morphology, e.g., a pulled-back/rounded morphology, or completely remove the metal hardmask.
- a pulled-back/rounded morphology could prevent undercutting the hardmask, which, in turn, could enable reliable deposition of barrier metal, Cu seed layer and Cu filling.
- fully removing the metal hardmask using the same composition could offer numerous benefits to downstream process steps, particularly chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), by eliminating a need for barrier CMP.
- cleaning processes are required to remove residues of the plasma etch, photoresist, oxidizer, abrasive, metal and/or other liquids or particles that remain and which can contaminate the surface of the device if they are not effectively removed.
- Fabrication of advanced generation devices that require copper conductors and low-k dielectric materials typically carbon-doped silicon oxide (SiOCH), or porous low-k materials) give rise to the problem that both materials can react with and be damaged by various classes of prior art cleaners.
- Low-k dielectrics in particular, may be damaged in the cleaning process as evidenced by etching, changes in porosity/size, and ultimately changes in dielectric properties. Time required to remove residues depends on the nature of the residue, the process (heating, crosslinking, etching, baking, and/or ashing) by which it was created, and whether batch or single wafer cleaning processes can be used. Some residues may be cleaned in a very short period of time, while some residues require much longer cleaning procedures. Compatibility with both the low-k dielectric and with the copper conductor over the duration of contact with the cleaner is a desired characteristic.
- TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, and/or W are used as an etching hard mask in the formation of vias and trenches to gain high selectivity to low-k dielectric materials during dry etching steps.
- Effective cleaning compositions are required that can selectively remove the TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, be compatible with low-k materials, copper, cobalt and other dielectric materials, and also simultaneously remove unwanted etching residues and Cu oxide from the resulting dual damascene structure. Beyond selective cleaning, it is also highly desirable that the achievable removal rate ( ⁇ /min) for the cleaning composition be maintained substantially constant for an extended period of time.
- the presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) relate to an improved semiconductor processing composition, i.e., a wet cleaning chemistry or removal composition, with one or more carboxylate compounds which provides highly selective removal of metal hardmask from a dual damascene structure without damaging wiring metallurgy and dielectric materials.
- Semiconductor substrates of the type fabricated in dual damascene back end metallization consist of multiple layers or levels of metal interconnects that are isolated by interlayer dielectrics.
- the described composition can remove metal hardmask etch residues, photoresist, polymeric materials, and copper oxide from via and trench surfaces without damaging underlying layers that form the structure.
- the substrates typically comprise copper, cobalt, a low-k dielectric material(s), SiON, SiCN, TEOS and metal hard mask selected from TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W.
- the removal composition comprises from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % at least one oxidizing agent, from 0.0001 wt % to 50 wt % of a carboxylate compound, with the balance up to 100 wt % of the removal composition comprising water, e.g., deionized water.
- ammonium carboxylates are ammonium carboxylates.
- ammonium carboxylates are ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, and mixtures thereof.
- At least one corrosion inhibitor may also be present in the composition, for example, where the composition is to be deployed in semiconductor processing at BEOL applications and other applications where corrosion of Cu or other metal components is a concern.
- the composition may also include a base, for example, selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH) and benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH), and mixtures thereof.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TEAH tetraethylammonium hydroxide
- BTAH benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide
- the base can also be selected from a primary, secondary or tertiary amine, such as, for example, monoethanol amine (MEA), diglycol amine (DGA), triethanolamine (TEA); and tetrabutyphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH) and mixtures thereof.
- MEA monoethanol amine
- DGA diglycol amine
- TEA triethanolamine
- TBPH tetrabutyphosphonium hydrox
- the composition may include one or more acids, for example, an inorganic acid, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid (HF), or hydrobromic acid, or an organic acid, such as a carboxylic acid, hydroxy carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, amino acid, or a mixture of such acids, as appropriate to adjust the pH of the working composition to a value of from 2 to 14, but preferably in the range of from 3 to 13.
- the pH of the removal composition is preferably in the range of from 7 to 12.
- the composition may also include from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, which, along with the carboxylate compound, has been observed to stabilize the composition.
- stabilize is used herein to mean that the achievable etch rate for a hard mask (e.g., a removal rate for TiN of 148 ⁇ /min) remains substantially constant over an extended period of time, e.g., a time period of from twenty two (22) hours and up to thirty five (35) hours or longer at the selected operating temperature, for example, at an operating temperature of 50° C.
- Oxidizing agents suitable for carrying out the inventive concepts can be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), benzoyl peroxide, tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate, ozone, n-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO, NMO), ferric chloride, permanganate, peroxoborate, perchlorate, persulfate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, per acetic acid, urea hydroperoxide, percarbonate, perborate, and mixtures thereof. Best results have been observed when the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ).
- the invention comprises a method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti or W, relative to underlying low-k, Cu, Co, SiON, SICN, and TEOS materials from a semiconductor substrate having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, etching mask thereon, including an etching mask comprising alloys of Ti or W, wherein the method comprises contacting the substrate with a removal composition comprising:
- ammonium carboxylate selected from the group comprising one or more of ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium Benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, and ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate; and
- the invention comprises a method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti and/or W, relative to underlying low-k, Cu, Co, SiON, SICN, and TEOS materials from a semiconductor substrate having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, etching mask thereon, including an etching mask comprising alloys of Ti and/or W, wherein the method comprises contacting the substrate with a removal composition comprising:
- ammonium carboxylate selected from the group comprising one or more of ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium Benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, and ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate;
- the described and claimed inventive concept(s) embraces an improvement to a composition and method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti or W, relative to underlying low-k, Cu, Co, SiON, SICN, and TEOS materials from a semiconductor substrate having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, etching mask thereon, including an etching mask comprising alloys of Ti or W, wherein the improvement comprises incorporating into said removal composition from 0.0001 wt % to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate selected from the group comprising ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate.
- ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate whereby said removal composition selectively removes said TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or alloy of Ti or W etching mask relative to said low-k materials.
- the amount and type of undesirable residue to be removed in any given processing step will influence the selection of operating pH for the composition.
- compositions and method according to the inventive concepts described herein are uniquely capable of selectively etching TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, are compatible with Cu, Co, low-k and TEOS dielectric materials, and can also simultaneously remove copper oxides, polymeric materials and etch residues from the substrate, i.e., the dual damascene structure, being treated.
- a composition formulated according to the invention and exhibiting an inherently high etch rate for TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, enables processing at relatively low temperature, e.g., temperatures less than 65° C.
- a relatively low temperature process exhibits a reduced oxidizer decomposition rate, which, in turn, extends the useful composition bath life and pot life.
- compositions according to the invention which exhibit high and selective etch rates for TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W are desirable because they can reduce device processing time and thereby increase throughput.
- compositions according to the invention can effectively deliver high etch rates for TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, with single wafer tool applications at a temperature range of from 20° C. to 60° C., and the TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, metal hardmask can be fully removed with single wafer application process equipment if so desired.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments which show trenches and vias, respectively, during dual damascene device fabrication, but prior to contact with the removal composition of the invention.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments of the type shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B after contact with removal composition 1 from Table 1 at 50° C. for 90 sec.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments of the type shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B after contact with removal composition 2 from Table 1 at 50° C. for 90 sec.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments of the type shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B after contact with removal composition 3 from Table 1 at 53° C. for 90 sec.
- any composition is expressed as the amount of various components which, when added together, form the composition. Unless specifically stated otherwise, any composition given in percent is percent by weight (wt %) of that component that has been added to the composition.
- wt % percent by weight
- the dual damascene process is used to form metal interconnects in the backend metallization, which are then used to electrically interconnect various electrical components in a semiconductor substrate into functional circuits.
- backend metallization which comprises fabrication of multiple levels, or layers, of metal interconnects isolated by an interlayer dielectric layer(s) and/or barrier layer(s) can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 8,080,475, the teachings of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
- the integration of new materials, such as ultra low-k dielectrics, into microelectronic devices places new demands on cleaning performance. Concurrently, shinking device dimensions reduces the tolerances for changes in critical dimensions for vias and trenches.
- the present invention is a semiconductor processing composition
- a semiconductor processing composition comprising water, at least one oxidizing agent, optionally at least one base or acid, depending on the desired pH for the working composition, and from 0.0001 wt % up to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate.
- the ammonium carboxylate can be selected from the group comprising ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate.
- ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate and mixtures thereof.
- the concentration of ammonium carboxylate is from 0.001 wt % up to 50 wt %.
- at least one corrosion inhibitor may also be present in the composition where the composition is to be deployed in BEOL semiconductor processing applications and other applications where corrosion of metal components, e.g., Cu and Cu-alloy components, is a concern.
- the formulations preferably have a pH of from 3 to 13.
- compositions of the invention are effective in selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti and/or W, relative to low-k materials from a semiconductor substrate comprising said low-k dielectric material and having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and/or W, etching mask thereon.
- the composition is also functional in simultaneously removing photoresist, polymeric materials, etching residues and copper oxide from the substrate.
- compositions of the invention may also include from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, preferably from 0.001 wt % to 10 wt %, and more preferably from 0.001 wt % to 5 wt %.
- the presence of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, according to the described and claimed inventive concepts has been observed to stabilize the composition.
- chelating agents include, but are not limited to, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA); 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; N- ⁇ 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl ⁇ -N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (HEDTA); and ethylenediamine-N,N′-
- compositions and method according to the inventive concepts described herein are particularly applicable for processing single wafers in single wafer equipment.
- a common approach is to process wafers a high process temperatures.
- higher temperatures are known to contribute to degradation of the oxidizing agent which shortens bath life and pot life. It has been observed according to the inventive concepts described herein that satisfactory results can be achieved at substantially lower temperatures in the range of from 20° C. to 60° C. to generate a pullback scheme or to completely remove the metal hardmask when the hardmask comprises TiN.
- the composition can contain one or more cosolvents that are miscible with water. These cosolvents enhance residue removal. Suitable cosolvents include, but are not limited to, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, and dimethylsulfoxide.
- Oxidizing agents useful according to the inventive concept(s) are selected from any substance which has the capability to chemically react with the metal hardmask and effect its removal.
- Such oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, the group consisting essentially of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), n-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO or NMO), benzoyl peroxide, tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate, ozone, ferric chloride, permanganate peroxoborate, perchlorate, persulfate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, per acetic acid, urea hydroperoxide, nitric acid (HNO 3 ), ammonium chlorite (NH 4 ClO 2 ), ammonium chlorate (NH 4 ClO 3 ), ammonium iodate (NH 4 IO 3 ), ammonium perborate (NH 4 BO 3 ), ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4 ), ammonium periodate
- the oxidizing agent or mixture thereof may be present in the composition at from about 0.1 wt % to about 90 wt %, preferably at from about 5 wt % to 90 wt %, and, for best results, preferably 10 wt % to 90 wt %.
- the composition may also include a base or an acid, as appropriate, to adjust the pH of the working composition.
- the base can, for example, be selected from quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH) and mixtures thereof.
- the base can also be selected from primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as, for example, monoethanol amine (MEA), diglycol amine (DGA), triethanolamine (TEA), tetrabutyphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH), and mixtures thereof.
- the base can be a combination of quaternary ammonium salts and amines.
- Suitable acids include, for example, inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid (HF), or hydrobromic acid, or an organic acid, such as a carboxylic acid, an amino acid, a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a mixture of such acids.
- the pH of the working composition should be maintained at a value of from 2 to 14, but preferably in the range of from 3 to 12. As noted above, when used in BEOL Cu interconnect fabrication applications, the preferred pH of the working composition is in the range of from 7 to 12 when hydrogen peroxide is used as oxidizer in order to achieve high TiN etch rates.
- a Cu or Co corrosion inhibitor, or a mixture thereof, is an optional component in the composition of this invention.
- a Cu or Co corrosion inhibitor(s) will usually be present in the inventive composition and associated process when used for BEOL applications, where the presence of a corrosion inhibitor is needed to protect metal surfaces from being etched or otherwise degraded.
- a corrosion inhibitor(s) is not generally needed, i.e., Cu or Co, is not exposed to the cleaning chemistry, Cu or Co is absent from the wafer substrate, or slight etching/degradation of copper or cobalt surfaces is not usually a concern.
- the metal (Cu or Co) corrosion inhibitor is an organic compound, such as an azole, thiol, and/or indole preferably selected from the group consisting of a heterocyclic compound containing at least one nitrogen atom, such as, for example, a pyrrole and derivatives thereof, pyrazole and derivatives thereof, imidazole and derivatives thereof, triazole and derivatives thereof, indazole and derivatives thereof, and thiol-triazole and derivatives thereof, benzotriazole (BTA), tolyltriazole, 5-phenyl-benzotriazole, 5-nitro-benzotriazole, 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 1-amino-1,2,4-triazole, hydroxybenzotriazole, 2-(5-amino-pentyl)-benzotriazole, 1-amino-1,2,3-triazole, 1-amino-5-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,
- BTA, pyrazole, or a mixture of BTA and pyrazole, or a mixture of BTA and tolyltriazole are preferred Cu corrosion inhibitors for better cleaning performance.
- the Cu or Co corrosion inhibitor or mixture thereof may be present in the composition at from about 0.0001 wt % to about 50 wt %, and preferably, for best results, at from about 0.0001 wt % to about 20 wt %.
- Cu or Co corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to aromatic hydrazides and Schiff base compounds.
- the described and claimed inventive concept(s) reside in the discovery that complete removal of metal hard mask from semiconductor devices wherein said metal hardmask is in overlapping relationship with a low-k dielectric material can be accomplished by incorporating into the removal composition an effective amount of from 0.0001 wt % up to 50 wt % of a carboxylate compound, but particularly an ammonium carboxylate.
- the concentration of ammonium carboxylate is from 0.001 wt % up to 10 wt %.
- carboxylate is used herein to mean the general formula M(RCOO) n , where M is a metal and n is 1, 2, . . . is the number of carboxylate esters within the compound having the general formula RCOOR′, wherein R and R′ are organic groups with the proviso that R′ ⁇ H.
- RCOOR′ organic groups with the proviso that R′ ⁇ H.
- M is replaced with NH4 + .
- Ammonium carboxylates are preferred chemicals for use in the removal formulation(s), and they can be added directly to the composition, or they can be generated as byproducts or intermediates by chemical reaction during processing.
- compositions of the invention may be embodied in a wide variety of specific formulations, as hereinafter more fully described.
- specific components of the composition are discussed in reference to weight percentage ranges including a zero lower limit, it will be understood that such components may be present or absent in various specific embodiments of the composition, and that in instances where such components are present, they may be present at concentrations as low as 0.0001 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition in which such components are employed.
- 100 g. samples of removal compositions were prepared according to the inventive concept(s) described herein. Each sample composition comprised each of the components listed in the various tables which follow at the weights shown in the corresponding formulation row.
- a 100 g. quantity of sample composition designated “1” shown in Table 1 contained 2 g. of 10% aqueous ammonium tartrate, 7.21 g. of 10% aqueous DGA, 12.43 g. of 1.5% aqueous BTA, 60 g. H 2 O 2 (30% aqueous), and 18.36 g. deionized water (DIW).
- the removal compositions can be formulated at the point of use, or they can be conveniently formulated beforehand without an oxidizer and then taken to the point of use where the oxidizer is added. There is also no particular sequence for mixing or blending the various ingredients.
- Etch rate evaluations were carried out after 1 and 2 minutes of chemical treatment at 60° C. and 50° C., respectively, for TiN and 10 minutes for Cu, Co, W, and TEOS.
- TiN, Cu, Co, and W thicknesses were measured using a Four Dimensions Four Point Probe Meter 333A, whereby the resistivity of the film was correlated to the thickness of the film remaining after contact with the composition of the invention.
- the TEOS thickness was measured with Auto SE Spectroscopic Ellipsometer by HORIBA JOBIN YVON.
- the etch rate was calculated as the thickness change (before and after chemical treatment) divided by the chemical treatment time.
- Chemical solution pH was measured with a Beckman 260 pH/Temp/mV meter.
- the H 2 O 2 used in the experiments was sourced from J. T. Baker. Residue removal efficiency and TiN hardmask etch were evaluated from SEM results (Hitachi S-5500).
- compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared using deionized water as the solvent, BTA or a mixture of BTA and pyrazole as Cu corrosion inhibitor, H 2 O 2 as the oxidizing agent, and diglycolamine (DGA) or benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH) as the base to adjust pH.
- DGA diglycolamine
- BTAH benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide
- Compositions 1, 2 and 3 demonstrated a removal rate for TiN in the range of from 178 ⁇ /min up to 340 ⁇ /min at a relatively low temperature in the range of from 50° C. to 53° C.
- a copper etch rate of 2.5 ⁇ /min or less is considered good for commercial wafer processing.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments which show trenches and vias, respectively, as received following a dual damascene fabrication step, but before treatment with a removal composition.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are views of the wafer segments, similar to the wafer segments shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B , after contact with removal composition 1 for 90 sec. at a temperature of 50° C. Residue was removed, but some TiN hardmask remained as noted in FIG. 2A .
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are views of wafer segments, similar to the wafer segments shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B , after contact with removal composition 2 for 90 sec. at a temperature of 50° C.
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 B are views of wafer segments, similar to the wafer segments shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B , after contact with removal composition 3 for 90 sec. at a temperature of 53° C. TiN hardmask and residue have been completely removed.
- compositions shown in Table 2 were prepared using deionized water as the solvent, BTA as Cu corrosion inhibitor, H 2 O 2 as the oxidizing agent, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as the base to adjust pH.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- Each of the removal compositions which contain, respectively, the compounds ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium citrate tribasic at the amounts indicated, demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate compared with the corresponding control, composition 4, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
- the formulations shown in Table 4 were prepared using DGA to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor.
- TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 13, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
- the formulations shown in Table 5 were prepared using TMAH to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor.
- TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 17, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
- the formulations shown in Table 6 were prepared using benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH) to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor.
- BTAH benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide
- TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of about 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 21, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
- the formulations shown in Table 7 were prepared using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH) to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor.
- TEAH tetraethylammonium hydroxide
- TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 25, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
- the formulations shown in Table 8 were prepared using DGA to adjust the pH, but no copper corrosion inhibitor was used.
- TiN and TEOS removal rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of about 8.
- the removal compositions demonstrated a high TiN etch rate in the range of from a low of 144 ⁇ /min to a high of 179 ⁇ /min when compared to the control, composition 31, which had a TiN etch rate of 87 ⁇ /min.
- the presence of the compounds ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate and ammonium tartrate at concentrations of from 1.46 wt % to less than 3 wt % operate to provide the removal compositions of the invention with the capability to deliver very high TiN etch rates at relatively low temperature, e.g., 50° C. It is noteworthy according to the described and claimed inventive concepts that none of the compounds ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate or ammonium tartrate had significant effect on TEOS removal rate when compared to the control, composition 31.
- the formulations shown in Table 9 were prepared without the use of a pH adjustment agent.
- the Cu corrosion inhibitor used was Wintrol A-90, a commercial mixture of BTA and tolyltriazole.
- the desired TiN and Cu etch rates and pH were obtained by varying hydrogen peroxide and ammonium carboxylate concentrations. In these examples, several carboxylates in various concentrations were used. Hydrogen peroxide concentration was either 20 wt % or 80 wt %.
- the formulation pH's ranged from a low of pH 5 up to pH 8.4, and the TiN etch rate, i.e., the removal rate, ranged from a low of 18 ⁇ /min up to 170 ⁇ /min.
- the formulations shown in Table 10 were prepared with tartaric acid, or TMAH, or without any pH adjustment agent.
- Wintrol A-90 was used as a Co corrosion inhibitor.
- several carboxylates in various concentrations were used.
- Hydrogen peroxide concentration ranged from 20 wt % to 80 wt %.
- the formulation pH ranged from a low of pH 5 up to pH 11.
- the Co etch rate was insignificant in all cases (i.e., the highest Co etch rate was 1.17 ⁇ /min).
- compositions shown in Table 12 were prepared using TMAH to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as copper corrosion inhibitor.
- Carboxylates used were potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, and potassium L-lactate in compositions 56, 57 and 58, respectively. Each of these compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 55, that did not contain a carboxylate.
- ammonium carboxylate at a concentration of 1.46 wt % to 3 wt % and at a pH ranging from about 4 to slightly higher than 11 was shown to significantly increase the W removal rate when compared to the corresponding ammonium carboxylate-free control compositions 66, 70 and 72 at the same pH.
- compositions of the invention were observed to unexpectedly stabilize the compositions of the invention.
- stabilize is used herein to mean that the achievable etch rate for a hard mask, i.e., the rate at which hardmask is removed, remains substantially constant over an extended period of time, e.g., a time period of from twenty two (22) hours up to at least thirty five (35) hours at the selected operating temperature.
- chelating agents which are operable according to the described and claimed inventive concepts include, but are not limited to, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA); ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA); 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; N- ⁇ 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl ⁇ -N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine
- Pot life is a measure of the ability of the removal composition formula to perform optimally over time and without significant variation in functionality over time. Pot life is a strong function of temperature. After many hours of treatment at high temperature, the chemicals in the mixture can decompose and the formula will lose functionality.
- the data presented in Table 17 demonstrates that with CDTA in removal compositions 74 and 75, the TiN etch rate remained stable, i.e., substantially constant, over a period of 22 hours.
- the initial TiN etch rate was 157 ⁇ /min, and it remained at 156 ⁇ /min for composition 75 over a 22 hour period.
- the initial TiN etch rate was 168 ⁇ /min and remained at 157 ⁇ /min over a 22 hour period.
- the TiN etch rate declined from an initial etch rate of 219 ⁇ /min to an etch rate of 99 ⁇ /min after 22 hours.
- the data presented in Table 19 demonstrate that with 0.001% and 0.005% of CDTA in removal compositions 77 and 78, respectively, the TiN etch rate remained stable, i.e., substantially constant, over a period of 24 hours.
- the initial TiN etch rate was 27.33 ⁇ /min, and it remained at 24.41 ⁇ /min for composition 77 over a 24 hour period.
- the initial TiN etch rate was 26.91 ⁇ /min and remained at 26.24 ⁇ /min over a 24 hour period.
- Table 20 The formulations shown in Table 20 were prepared using DGA to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as copper corrosion inhibitor. Tetraammonium EDTA was used to stabilize the TiN etch rate.
- Table 22 The formulations in Table 22 were prepared using DGA to adjust pH. BTA was used as copper corrosion inhibitor. The ammonium carboxylate selected was tetraammonium EDTA. The results shown in Table 22 indicate that tetraammonium EDTA in removal composition 81 exhibited a higher TiN etch rate when compared to the control, composition 82, which contained no ammonium carboxylate.
Abstract
An aqueous removal composition having a pH in the range of from 2 to 14 and method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or alloy of Ti or W relative to low-k materials from a semiconductor substrate comprising said low-k materials having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or alloy of Ti or W etching mask thereon wherein the removal composition comprises at least one oxidizing agent and a carboxylate compound.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/889,968, filed Oct. 11, 2013, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) relates to compositions and methods for selectively removing metal hardmask and other residues from integrated circuit (IC) device substrates, and, more particularly, to compositions and methods useful for selectively removing TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, and W metal hardmask, and metal hardmasks comprising alloys of the foregoing, as well as other residues from such substrates comprising low-k dielectric materials, TEOS, copper, cobalt and other low-k dielectric materials, using carboxylate compounds.
- Devices with critical dimensions on the order of 90 nanometers (nm) have involved integration of copper conductors and low-k dielectrics, and they require alternating material deposition processes and planarization processes. Plasma dry etching is commonly used to fabricate vertical sidewall trenches and anisotropic interconnecting vias in copper (Cu)/low-k dual damascene fabrication processes. As the technology nodes advance to 45 nm and smaller, the decreasing size of the semiconductor devices makes achieving critical profile control of vias and trenches more challenging. Integrated circuit device companies are investigating the use of a variety of metal hardmasks to improve etch selectivity to low-k materials and thereby gain better profile control.
- In order to obtain high yield and low resistance, polymer residues on the sidewalls and the particulate/polymer residues at the via bottoms that are generated during etching must be removed prior to the next process step. It would be very beneficial if the cleaning solution can also effectively etch the metal hardmask to form an intermediate morphology, e.g., a pulled-back/rounded morphology, or completely remove the metal hardmask. A pulled-back/rounded morphology could prevent undercutting the hardmask, which, in turn, could enable reliable deposition of barrier metal, Cu seed layer and Cu filling. Alternatively, fully removing the metal hardmask using the same composition could offer numerous benefits to downstream process steps, particularly chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), by eliminating a need for barrier CMP.
- Following almost every step in the fabrication process, e.g., a planarization step, a photolithography step, or an etching step, cleaning processes are required to remove residues of the plasma etch, photoresist, oxidizer, abrasive, metal and/or other liquids or particles that remain and which can contaminate the surface of the device if they are not effectively removed. Fabrication of advanced generation devices that require copper conductors and low-k dielectric materials (typically carbon-doped silicon oxide (SiOCH), or porous low-k materials) give rise to the problem that both materials can react with and be damaged by various classes of prior art cleaners.
- Low-k dielectrics, in particular, may be damaged in the cleaning process as evidenced by etching, changes in porosity/size, and ultimately changes in dielectric properties. Time required to remove residues depends on the nature of the residue, the process (heating, crosslinking, etching, baking, and/or ashing) by which it was created, and whether batch or single wafer cleaning processes can be used. Some residues may be cleaned in a very short period of time, while some residues require much longer cleaning procedures. Compatibility with both the low-k dielectric and with the copper conductor over the duration of contact with the cleaner is a desired characteristic.
- During back-end-of-line (BEOL) IC fabrication processes, i.e., dual damascene processes, TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, and/or W (including alloys of Ti and W) are used as an etching hard mask in the formation of vias and trenches to gain high selectivity to low-k dielectric materials during dry etching steps. Effective cleaning compositions are required that can selectively remove the TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, be compatible with low-k materials, copper, cobalt and other dielectric materials, and also simultaneously remove unwanted etching residues and Cu oxide from the resulting dual damascene structure. Beyond selective cleaning, it is also highly desirable that the achievable removal rate (Å/min) for the cleaning composition be maintained substantially constant for an extended period of time.
- With the continuing reduction in device critical dimensions and corresponding requirements for high production efficiency and reliable device performance, there is a need for such improved cleaning compositions.
- The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concept(s) relate to an improved semiconductor processing composition, i.e., a wet cleaning chemistry or removal composition, with one or more carboxylate compounds which provides highly selective removal of metal hardmask from a dual damascene structure without damaging wiring metallurgy and dielectric materials. Semiconductor substrates of the type fabricated in dual damascene back end metallization consist of multiple layers or levels of metal interconnects that are isolated by interlayer dielectrics. The described composition can remove metal hardmask etch residues, photoresist, polymeric materials, and copper oxide from via and trench surfaces without damaging underlying layers that form the structure. The substrates typically comprise copper, cobalt, a low-k dielectric material(s), SiON, SiCN, TEOS and metal hard mask selected from TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W. The removal composition comprises from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % at least one oxidizing agent, from 0.0001 wt % to 50 wt % of a carboxylate compound, with the balance up to 100 wt % of the removal composition comprising water, e.g., deionized water.
- Among the carboxylate compounds found to produce excellent results according to the inventive concept(s) described herein are ammonium carboxylates. Examples of ammonium carboxylates are ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, and mixtures thereof. The presence of an ammonium carboxylate compound in the removal compositions of the invention not only increased TiN etch rate as shown in the Examples which follow, but the data support the conclusion that their presence also operates to stabilize the achievable TiN etch rate over an extended period of time, e.g., up to at least 35 hrs.
- Although not required for carrying out the invention, at least one corrosion inhibitor may also be present in the composition, for example, where the composition is to be deployed in semiconductor processing at BEOL applications and other applications where corrosion of Cu or other metal components is a concern.
- The composition may also include a base, for example, selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH) and benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH), and mixtures thereof. The base can also be selected from a primary, secondary or tertiary amine, such as, for example, monoethanol amine (MEA), diglycol amine (DGA), triethanolamine (TEA); and tetrabutyphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH) and mixtures thereof. In addition, the composition may include one or more acids, for example, an inorganic acid, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid (HF), or hydrobromic acid, or an organic acid, such as a carboxylic acid, hydroxy carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, amino acid, or a mixture of such acids, as appropriate to adjust the pH of the working composition to a value of from 2 to 14, but preferably in the range of from 3 to 13. In a preferred embodiment, for applications involving Cu interconnect fabrication, the pH of the removal composition is preferably in the range of from 7 to 12.
- The composition may also include from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, which, along with the carboxylate compound, has been observed to stabilize the composition. The term “stabilize” is used herein to mean that the achievable etch rate for a hard mask (e.g., a removal rate for TiN of 148 Å/min) remains substantially constant over an extended period of time, e.g., a time period of from twenty two (22) hours and up to thirty five (35) hours or longer at the selected operating temperature, for example, at an operating temperature of 50° C.
- Oxidizing agents suitable for carrying out the inventive concepts can be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), benzoyl peroxide, tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate, ozone, n-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO, NMO), ferric chloride, permanganate, peroxoborate, perchlorate, persulfate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, per acetic acid, urea hydroperoxide, percarbonate, perborate, and mixtures thereof. Best results have been observed when the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
- In another embodiment the invention comprises a method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti or W, relative to underlying low-k, Cu, Co, SiON, SICN, and TEOS materials from a semiconductor substrate having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, etching mask thereon, including an etching mask comprising alloys of Ti or W, wherein the method comprises contacting the substrate with a removal composition comprising:
- (a) from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % at least one oxidizing agent;
- (b) from 0.0001 wt % up to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate selected from the group comprising one or more of ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium Benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, and ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate; and
- (c) the balance up to 100 wt % of said removal composition comprising deionized water at a temperature in the range of from room temperature up to 80° C. and at a pH in the range of from 2 to 14, wherein the removal composition selectively removes said TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti and/or W, etching mask relative to said low-k, Cu, Co, TEOS and other dielectric materials.
- In another embodiment the invention comprises a method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti and/or W, relative to underlying low-k, Cu, Co, SiON, SICN, and TEOS materials from a semiconductor substrate having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, etching mask thereon, including an etching mask comprising alloys of Ti and/or W, wherein the method comprises contacting the substrate with a removal composition comprising:
- (a) from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % at least one oxidizing agent;
- (b) from 0.0001 wt % up to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate selected from the group comprising one or more of ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium Benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, and ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate;
- (c) from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof; and
- (d) the balance up to 100 wt % of said removal composition comprising deionized water at a temperature in the range of from room temperature up to 80° C. and at a pH in the range of from 2 to 14, wherein the removal composition selectively removes said TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, etching mask relative to said low-k, Cu, Co, TEOS and other dielectric materials, and the rate at which said etching mask is removed remains constant over an extended period of time which can be as long as thirty five (35) hours or longer.
- In another embodiment, the described and claimed inventive concept(s) embraces an improvement to a composition and method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti or W, relative to underlying low-k, Cu, Co, SiON, SICN, and TEOS materials from a semiconductor substrate having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, etching mask thereon, including an etching mask comprising alloys of Ti or W, wherein the improvement comprises incorporating into said removal composition from 0.0001 wt % to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate selected from the group comprising ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate. ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate whereby said removal composition selectively removes said TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or alloy of Ti or W etching mask relative to said low-k materials.
- The amount and type of undesirable residue to be removed in any given processing step will influence the selection of operating pH for the composition.
- The compositions and method according to the inventive concepts described herein are uniquely capable of selectively etching TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, are compatible with Cu, Co, low-k and TEOS dielectric materials, and can also simultaneously remove copper oxides, polymeric materials and etch residues from the substrate, i.e., the dual damascene structure, being treated.
- A composition formulated according to the invention and exhibiting an inherently high etch rate for TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, enables processing at relatively low temperature, e.g., temperatures less than 65° C. A relatively low temperature process exhibits a reduced oxidizer decomposition rate, which, in turn, extends the useful composition bath life and pot life. Additionally, compositions according to the invention which exhibit high and selective etch rates for TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, are desirable because they can reduce device processing time and thereby increase throughput. Typically, high etch rates for TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, have been achieved by increasing process temperatures. However, for single wafer process applications, the highest processing temperature is around 75° C., which, in turn, can limit the upper end of etch rates for TiN, and thereby limit the ability for one to completely remove TiN metal hardmask from a dual damascene structure. Compositions according to the invention can effectively deliver high etch rates for TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, with single wafer tool applications at a temperature range of from 20° C. to 60° C., and the TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and W, metal hardmask can be fully removed with single wafer application process equipment if so desired.
-
FIGS. 1A and 1B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments which show trenches and vias, respectively, during dual damascene device fabrication, but prior to contact with the removal composition of the invention. -
FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments of the type shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B after contact with removal composition 1 from Table 1 at 50° C. for 90 sec. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments of the type shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B after contact with removal composition 2 from Table 1 at 50° C. for 90 sec. -
FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments of the type shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B after contact with removal composition 3 from Table 1 at 53° C. for 90 sec. - It is recognized that various components of the compositions of this invention may interact, and, therefore, any composition is expressed as the amount of various components which, when added together, form the composition. Unless specifically stated otherwise, any composition given in percent is percent by weight (wt %) of that component that has been added to the composition. When the composition is described as being substantially free of a particular component, generally there are numeric ranges provided to guide one of ordinary skill in the art to what is meant by “substantially free,” but in all cases “substantially free” encompasses the preferred embodiment where the composition is totally free of that particular component.
- As noted briefly above, the dual damascene process is used to form metal interconnects in the backend metallization, which are then used to electrically interconnect various electrical components in a semiconductor substrate into functional circuits. A discussion of backend metallization, which comprises fabrication of multiple levels, or layers, of metal interconnects isolated by an interlayer dielectric layer(s) and/or barrier layer(s) can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 8,080,475, the teachings of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. The integration of new materials, such as ultra low-k dielectrics, into microelectronic devices places new demands on cleaning performance. Concurrently, shinking device dimensions reduces the tolerances for changes in critical dimensions for vias and trenches.
- According to a first embodiment, the present invention is a semiconductor processing composition comprising water, at least one oxidizing agent, optionally at least one base or acid, depending on the desired pH for the working composition, and from 0.0001 wt % up to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate. By way of example, and not by way of limitation, the ammonium carboxylate can be selected from the group comprising ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate. ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate and mixtures thereof.
- In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of ammonium carboxylate is from 0.001 wt % up to 50 wt %. Although not required for carrying out the invention, at least one corrosion inhibitor may also be present in the composition where the composition is to be deployed in BEOL semiconductor processing applications and other applications where corrosion of metal components, e.g., Cu and Cu-alloy components, is a concern. In one embodiment, the formulations preferably have a pH of from 3 to 13. For BEOL Cu interconnect fabrication it is preferred to have a pH in the range of from 7 to 12.
- The compositions of the invention are effective in selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW or W, including alloys of Ti and/or W, relative to low-k materials from a semiconductor substrate comprising said low-k dielectric material and having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW and W, including alloys of Ti and/or W, etching mask thereon. In addition, the composition is also functional in simultaneously removing photoresist, polymeric materials, etching residues and copper oxide from the substrate.
- The compositions of the invention may also include from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, preferably from 0.001 wt % to 10 wt %, and more preferably from 0.001 wt % to 5 wt %. The presence of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, according to the described and claimed inventive concepts has been observed to stabilize the composition. The term “stabilize” is used herein to mean that the achievable etch rate for a hard mask (i.e., the removal rate) remains substantially constant over an extended period of time at the selected operating temperature. Examples of such chelating agents include, but are not limited to, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA); 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; N-{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (HEDTA); and ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA).
- The compositions and method according to the inventive concepts described herein are particularly applicable for processing single wafers in single wafer equipment. When a high TiN etch rate is required, a common approach is to process wafers a high process temperatures. However, higher temperatures are known to contribute to degradation of the oxidizing agent which shortens bath life and pot life. It has been observed according to the inventive concepts described herein that satisfactory results can be achieved at substantially lower temperatures in the range of from 20° C. to 60° C. to generate a pullback scheme or to completely remove the metal hardmask when the hardmask comprises TiN.
- In some embodiments of this invention, the composition can contain one or more cosolvents that are miscible with water. These cosolvents enhance residue removal. Suitable cosolvents include, but are not limited to, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, and dimethylsulfoxide.
- Oxidizing agents useful according to the inventive concept(s) are selected from any substance which has the capability to chemically react with the metal hardmask and effect its removal. Such oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, the group consisting essentially of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), n-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO or NMO), benzoyl peroxide, tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate, ozone, ferric chloride, permanganate peroxoborate, perchlorate, persulfate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, per acetic acid, urea hydroperoxide, nitric acid (HNO3), ammonium chlorite (NH4ClO2), ammonium chlorate (NH4ClO3), ammonium iodate (NH4IO3), ammonium perborate (NH4BO3), ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4), ammonium periodate (NH4IO3), ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8), tetramethylammonium chlorite ((N(CH3)4)ClO2), tetramethylammionium chlorate ((N(CH3)4)ClO3), tetramethylammonium iodate ((N(CH3)4)IO3), tetramethylammonium perborate ((N(CH3)4)BO3), tetramethylammonium perchlorate ((N(CH3)4)ClO4), tetramethylammonium periodate ((N(CH3)4)IO4), tetramethylammonium persulfate ((N(CH3)4)S2O8), ((CO(NH2)2)H2O2), peracetic acid (CH3(CO)OOH), and mixtures thereof. Among the foregoing, H2O2 is a most preferred oxidizing agent being free of metals and providing ease of handling and lower relative cost.
- The oxidizing agent or mixture thereof may be present in the composition at from about 0.1 wt % to about 90 wt %, preferably at from about 5 wt % to 90 wt %, and, for best results, preferably 10 wt % to 90 wt %.
- The composition may also include a base or an acid, as appropriate, to adjust the pH of the working composition. The base can, for example, be selected from quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH) and mixtures thereof. The base can also be selected from primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as, for example, monoethanol amine (MEA), diglycol amine (DGA), triethanolamine (TEA), tetrabutyphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH), and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the base can be a combination of quaternary ammonium salts and amines. Suitable acids include, for example, inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid (HF), or hydrobromic acid, or an organic acid, such as a carboxylic acid, an amino acid, a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a mixture of such acids. The pH of the working composition should be maintained at a value of from 2 to 14, but preferably in the range of from 3 to 12. As noted above, when used in BEOL Cu interconnect fabrication applications, the preferred pH of the working composition is in the range of from 7 to 12 when hydrogen peroxide is used as oxidizer in order to achieve high TiN etch rates.
- A Cu or Co corrosion inhibitor, or a mixture thereof, is an optional component in the composition of this invention. A Cu or Co corrosion inhibitor(s) will usually be present in the inventive composition and associated process when used for BEOL applications, where the presence of a corrosion inhibitor is needed to protect metal surfaces from being etched or otherwise degraded. For other applications, including FEOL applications, of the inventive composition and associated method, a corrosion inhibitor(s) is not generally needed, i.e., Cu or Co, is not exposed to the cleaning chemistry, Cu or Co is absent from the wafer substrate, or slight etching/degradation of copper or cobalt surfaces is not usually a concern.
- The metal (Cu or Co) corrosion inhibitor is an organic compound, such as an azole, thiol, and/or indole preferably selected from the group consisting of a heterocyclic compound containing at least one nitrogen atom, such as, for example, a pyrrole and derivatives thereof, pyrazole and derivatives thereof, imidazole and derivatives thereof, triazole and derivatives thereof, indazole and derivatives thereof, and thiol-triazole and derivatives thereof, benzotriazole (BTA), tolyltriazole, 5-phenyl-benzotriazole, 5-nitro-benzotriazole, 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 1-amino-1,2,4-triazole, hydroxybenzotriazole, 2-(5-amino-pentyl)-benzotriazole, 1-amino-1,2,3-triazole, 1-amino-5-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 3-isopropyl-1,2,4-triazole, 5-phenylthiol-benzotriazole, halo-benzotriazoles (halo=F, CI, Br or I), naphthotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 4-methyl-2-phenylimidazole, 2-mercaptothiazoline, 5-aminotetrazole, 5-aminotetrazole monohydrate, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, thiazole, triazine, methyltetrazole, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1,5-pentamethylenetetrazole, 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole, diaminomethyltriazine, imidazoline thione, mercaptobenzimidazole, 4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, benzothiazole, and mixtures thereof. Among the foregoing, BTA, pyrazole, or a mixture of BTA and pyrazole, or a mixture of BTA and tolyltriazole (available commercially from Wincom, Inc. under the name “Wintrol A-90”), are preferred Cu corrosion inhibitors for better cleaning performance.
- The Cu or Co corrosion inhibitor or mixture thereof may be present in the composition at from about 0.0001 wt % to about 50 wt %, and preferably, for best results, at from about 0.0001 wt % to about 20 wt %.
- Other suitable Cu or Co corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to aromatic hydrazides and Schiff base compounds.
- The described and claimed inventive concept(s) reside in the discovery that complete removal of metal hard mask from semiconductor devices wherein said metal hardmask is in overlapping relationship with a low-k dielectric material can be accomplished by incorporating into the removal composition an effective amount of from 0.0001 wt % up to 50 wt % of a carboxylate compound, but particularly an ammonium carboxylate. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of ammonium carboxylate is from 0.001 wt % up to 10 wt %.
- As shown in the Examples which follow, the presence of an ammonium carboxylate compound in the removal compositions of the invention not only increased TiN etch rate, but the data support the conclusion that their presence also operates to stabilize the achievable TiN etch rate over an extended period of time, e.g., up to at least 35 hrs.
- The term “carboxylate” is used herein to mean the general formula M(RCOO)n, where M is a metal and n is 1, 2, . . . is the number of carboxylate esters within the compound having the general formula RCOOR′, wherein R and R′ are organic groups with the proviso that R′≠H. When chemistries of the type described herein are used in electronic device fabrication, such as fabricating IC devices, it is preferable not to have any metal impurities in the chemical composition. In such cases, M is replaced with NH4+. Ammonium carboxylates are preferred chemicals for use in the removal formulation(s), and they can be added directly to the composition, or they can be generated as byproducts or intermediates by chemical reaction during processing.
- Removal compositions according to the invention are now explained in detail by reference to the inventive concepts and examples which follow, but the present invention is not limited by these examples and the results shown for each test. Compositions of the invention may be embodied in a wide variety of specific formulations, as hereinafter more fully described. In all such compositions, wherein specific components of the composition are discussed in reference to weight percentage ranges including a zero lower limit, it will be understood that such components may be present or absent in various specific embodiments of the composition, and that in instances where such components are present, they may be present at concentrations as low as 0.0001 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition in which such components are employed.
- In the examples which follow, 100 g. samples of removal compositions were prepared according to the inventive concept(s) described herein. Each sample composition comprised each of the components listed in the various tables which follow at the weights shown in the corresponding formulation row. For example, a 100 g. quantity of sample composition designated “1” shown in Table 1 contained 2 g. of 10% aqueous ammonium tartrate, 7.21 g. of 10% aqueous DGA, 12.43 g. of 1.5% aqueous BTA, 60 g. H2O2 (30% aqueous), and 18.36 g. deionized water (DIW).
- The removal compositions can be formulated at the point of use, or they can be conveniently formulated beforehand without an oxidizer and then taken to the point of use where the oxidizer is added. There is also no particular sequence for mixing or blending the various ingredients.
- Etch rate evaluations were carried out after 1 and 2 minutes of chemical treatment at 60° C. and 50° C., respectively, for TiN and 10 minutes for Cu, Co, W, and TEOS. TiN, Cu, Co, and W thicknesses were measured using a Four Dimensions Four Point Probe Meter 333A, whereby the resistivity of the film was correlated to the thickness of the film remaining after contact with the composition of the invention. The TEOS thickness was measured with Auto SE Spectroscopic Ellipsometer by HORIBA JOBIN YVON. The etch rate was calculated as the thickness change (before and after chemical treatment) divided by the chemical treatment time. Chemical solution pH was measured with a Beckman 260 pH/Temp/mV meter. The H2O2 used in the experiments was sourced from J. T. Baker. Residue removal efficiency and TiN hardmask etch were evaluated from SEM results (Hitachi S-5500).
- The compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared using deionized water as the solvent, BTA or a mixture of BTA and pyrazole as Cu corrosion inhibitor, H2O2 as the oxidizing agent, and diglycolamine (DGA) or benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH) as the base to adjust pH. TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and a pH of about 8.
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TABLE 1 Benzyl- trimethyl- Ammonium ammonium Tartrate DGA Hydroxide BTA H2O2 TiN Cu Test (10%) (10%) (40%) Pyrazole (1.5%) (30%) DIW pH (Å/min) (Å/min) 1 2 7.210 0 0 12.43 60 18.36 8.4 178 (50° C.) 1.3 (50° C.) 2 3 3.010 0 0.5 10 70 13.49 7.6 209 (50° C.) 1.9 (50° C.) 3 3.5 0.000 2.564 0.2 11.25 60 22.49 8.4 340 (53° C.) 2.5 (53° C.) - Compositions 1, 2 and 3 demonstrated a removal rate for TiN in the range of from 178 Å/min up to 340 Å/min at a relatively low temperature in the range of from 50° C. to 53° C. A copper etch rate of 2.5 Å/min or less is considered good for commercial wafer processing.
- Referring now to the Figs.,
FIGS. 1A and 1B are SEM images of semiconductor wafer segments which show trenches and vias, respectively, as received following a dual damascene fabrication step, but before treatment with a removal composition.FIGS. 2A and 2B are views of the wafer segments, similar to the wafer segments shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B , after contact with removal composition 1 for 90 sec. at a temperature of 50° C. Residue was removed, but some TiN hardmask remained as noted inFIG. 2A .FIGS. 3A and 3B are views of wafer segments, similar to the wafer segments shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B , after contact with removal composition 2 for 90 sec. at a temperature of 50° C. wherein TiN hardmask and residue have been completely removed.FIGS. 4 a and 4B are views of wafer segments, similar to the wafer segments shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B , after contact with removal composition 3 for 90 sec. at a temperature of 53° C. TiN hardmask and residue have been completely removed. - The compositions shown in Table 2 were prepared using deionized water as the solvent, BTA as Cu corrosion inhibitor, H2O2 as the oxidizing agent, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as the base to adjust pH. TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 60° C. and a pH of about 7.8.
- Each of the removal compositions, which contain, respectively, the compounds ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium citrate tribasic at the amounts indicated, demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate compared with the corresponding control, composition 4, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 2 Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Citrate TiN Cu Lactate Tartrate Carbonate Tribasic BTA TMAH H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (10%) (10%) (1.5%) (25%) DIW (30%) pH at 60° C. at 60° C. 4 0 0 0 0 12 0.816 27.18 60 7.8 215 0.98 5 1.632 0 0 0 12 0.409 25.96 60 7.8 404 1.61 6 0 2.807 0 0 12 0.818 24.38 60 7.8 464 1.33 7 0 0 1.46 0 12 0.305 26.24 60 7.8 432 1.61 8 0 0 0 3.706 12 0.869 23.43 60 7.8 436 1.84 - The formulations shown in Table 3 were prepared, and TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and similar copper etch rate when compared to the control, composition 9, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 3 Saturated Tetrabutyl- Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium phosphonium TiN Cu Carbonate Acetate Oxalate BTA Hydroxide H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (1.5%) (40%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 9 0 0 0 12 1.592 26.41 60 8 68 0.99 10 1.46 0 0 12 0.998 25.54 60 8 170 0.94 11 0 1.172 0 12 1.575 25.25 60 8 150 1.28 12 0 0 1.887 12 1.530 24.58 60 8 154 1.17 - The formulations shown in Table 4 were prepared using DGA to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor. TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 13, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 4 Saturated Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium TiN Cu Carbonate Acetate Oxalate BTA DGA H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (1.5%) (10%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 13 0 0 0 12 2.645 25.36 60 7.9 98 0.33 14 1.46 0 0 12 1.790 24.75 60 8.0 147 1.62 15 0 1.172 0 12 2.601 24.23 60 8.0 146 0.2 16 0 0 1.887 12 2.502 23.61 60 7.9 140 0.83 - The formulations shown in Table 5 were prepared using TMAH to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor. TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 17, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 5 Saturated Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium TiN Cu Carbonate Acetate Oxalate BTA TMAH H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (1.5%) (25%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 17 0 0 0 12 0.975 27.03 60 8 99 0.12 18 1.46 0 0 12 0.611 25.93 60 8 200 1.85 19 0 1.172 0 12 0.866 25.96 60 8 191 1.08 20 0 0 1.887 12 0.828 25.29 60 8 197 1.53 - The formulations shown in Table 6 were prepared using benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTAH) to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor. TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of about 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 21, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 6 Benzyl- Saturated trimethyl- Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium ammonium TiN Cu Carbonate Acetate Oxalate BTA Hydroxide H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (1.5%) (40%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 21 0 0 0 12 1.127 26.87 60 8 100 0.7 22 1.46 0 0 12 0.744 25.80 60 8 178 0.63 23 0 1.172 0 12 1.078 25.75 60 8 174 0.54 24 0 0 1.887 12 1.036 25.08 60 8 164 0.75 - The formulations shown in Table 7 were prepared using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH) to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as the copper corrosion inhibitor. TiN and Cu etch rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 25, that did not contain an ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 7 Saturated Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Citrate Ammonium TiN Cu Carbonate Acetate Oxalate Tribasic Tartrate BTA TEAH H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (10%) (10%) (1.5%) (20%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 25 0 0 0 0 0 12 2.46 25.54 60 8 94 0.39 26 1.46 0 0 0 0 12 1.64 24.90 60 8 214 0.92 27 0 1.172 0 0 0 12 2.66 24.17 60 8 218 0.01 28 0 0 1.887 0 0 12 2.74 23.37 60 8 197 −0.72 29 0 0 0 3.706 0 12 2.60 21.69 60 8 235 −0.46 30 0 0 0 0 2.807 12 2.53 22.66 60 8 209 0.03 - The formulations shown in Table 8 were prepared using DGA to adjust the pH, but no copper corrosion inhibitor was used. TiN and TEOS removal rate evaluations were carried out as described above at a temperature of 50° C. and pH of about 8. The removal compositions demonstrated a high TiN etch rate in the range of from a low of 144 Å/min to a high of 179 Å/min when compared to the control, composition 31, which had a TiN etch rate of 87 Å/min. The presence of the compounds ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate and ammonium tartrate at concentrations of from 1.46 wt % to less than 3 wt % operate to provide the removal compositions of the invention with the capability to deliver very high TiN etch rates at relatively low temperature, e.g., 50° C. It is noteworthy according to the described and claimed inventive concepts that none of the compounds ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate or ammonium tartrate had significant effect on TEOS removal rate when compared to the control, composition 31.
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TABLE 8 Saturated Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium TiN TEOS Carbonate Acetate Oxalate Lactate Tartrate DGA H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (10%) (10%) (10%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 31 0 0 0 0 0 2.65 37.35 60 7.93 87 0.01 32 1.46 0 0 0 0 1.52 37.02 60 7.94 161 0.2 33 0 1.172 0 0 0 2.37 36.46 60 7.90 165 −0.1 34 0 0 1.887 0 0 2.38 35.73 60 7.90 144 0.61 35 0 0 0 1.632 0 0.94 37.43 60 7.91 181 0.48 36 0 0 0 0 2.807 2.19 35.00 60 7.91 179 0.07 - The formulations shown in Table 9 were prepared without the use of a pH adjustment agent. The Cu corrosion inhibitor used was Wintrol A-90, a commercial mixture of BTA and tolyltriazole. The desired TiN and Cu etch rates and pH were obtained by varying hydrogen peroxide and ammonium carboxylate concentrations. In these examples, several carboxylates in various concentrations were used. Hydrogen peroxide concentration was either 20 wt % or 80 wt %. The formulation pH's ranged from a low of pH 5 up to pH 8.4, and the TiN etch rate, i.e., the removal rate, ranged from a low of 18 Å/min up to 170 Å/min.
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TABLE 9 Saturated Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium TiN Cu Carbonate Acetate Oxalate Lactate Wintrol H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (10%) A-90 DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 37 1.46 0 0 0 0.8 77.74 20 7.9 65 −0.81 38 2.92 0 0 0 0.8 76.28 20 8.3 82 −2.61 39 4.38 0 0 0 0.8 74.82 20 8.4 88 0.02 40 0 1.172 0 0 0.8 78.03 20 6.1 18 −1.75 41 0 0 1.887 0 0.8 77.31 20 5.6 19 0.19 42 0 0 0 1.632 0.8 77.57 20 7.8 55 −1.3 43 1.46 0 0 0 0.8 17.74 80 6.8 133 0.34 44 0 1.172 0 0 0.8 18.03 80 5.5 69 −0.41 45 0 0 1.887 0 0.8 17.31 80 5.0 71 −0.85 46 0 0 0 1.632 0.8 17.57 80 7.0 170 0.26 - The formulations shown in Table 10 were prepared with tartaric acid, or TMAH, or without any pH adjustment agent. Wintrol A-90 was used as a Co corrosion inhibitor. In these examples, several carboxylates in various concentrations were used. Hydrogen peroxide concentration ranged from 20 wt % to 80 wt %. The formulation pH ranged from a low of pH 5 up to pH 11. The Co etch rate was insignificant in all cases (i.e., the highest Co etch rate was 1.17 Å/min).
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TABLE 10 Saturated Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Tartaric Co Tartrate Lactate Oxalate Carbonate Wintrol Acid TMAH H2O2 (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (10%) A-90 (10%) (25%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. 47 0 1.632 0 0 0.8 0.880 0 36.69 60 5.0 −0.01 48 2.807 0 0 0 0.8 0.036 0 36.36 60 5.0 0.31 49 0 0 1.887 0 0.8 0 0 17.31 80 5.0 0.09 50 0 0 1.887 0 0.8 0 20.41 56.90 20 11.0 1.04 51 0 0 0 1.46 0.8 0 0 17.74 80 6.8 0.27 52 0 0 0 1.46 0.8 0 20.66 57.08 20 11.0 1.17 - The results shown in Table 11, below, indicate that a mixture of ammonium lactate and ammonium tartrate in removal composition 54 exhibited a higher TiN etch rate when compared to the control, composition 53, which contained no ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 11 Ammonium Ammonium TiN Cu Co Lactate Tartrate BTA TMAH H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (1.5%) (25%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. at 50° C. 53 0 0 12 1.28 26.72 60 8 135 −0.1 0.3 54 0.041 0.702 12 1.49 25.77 60 8 203 0.2 0.8 - The formulations shown in Table 12 were prepared using TMAH to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as copper corrosion inhibitor. Carboxylates used were potassium citrate tribasic monohydrate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, and potassium L-lactate in compositions 56, 57 and 58, respectively. Each of these compositions demonstrated a higher TiN etch rate and a similar Cu etch rate when compared to the control, composition 55, that did not contain a carboxylate.
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TABLE 12 Potassium Potassium Citrate Sodium Tribasic Tartrate Potassium TiN Cu Monohydrate Tetrahydrate L-Lactate BTA TMAH H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (100%) (100%) (60%) (1.5%) (25%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. 55 0 0 0 12 1.266 26.73 60 8.0 110 0.1 56 0.4944 0 0 12 1.194 26.31 60 8.0 192 1.5 57 0 0.432 0 12 1.266 26.30 60 8.0 175 −0.1 58 0 0 0.3256 12 1.252 26.42 60 8.0 167 0.1 - The results shown in Table 13 indicate that at ammonium carboxylate concentrations as low as 0.001 wt %, removal compositions 60 through 63 exhibited higher TiN etch rates and similar Cu and Co etch rates when compared to the control, composition 59
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TABLE 13 Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Citrate TiN Cu Co Lactate Tartrate Carbonate Tribasic BTA TMAH H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (10%) (10%) (1.5%) (25%) DIW (30%) pH at 50° C. at 50° C. at 50° C. 59 0 0 0 0 12 1.30 26.70 60 8 86 0.3 0.7 60 0.01 0 0 0 12 1.69 26.30 60 8 93 0.2 0.6 61 0 0.01 0 0 12 1.51 26.48 60 8 107 0.0 0.6 62 0 0 0.01 0 12 1.53 26.46 60 8 119 0.4 0.6 63 0 0 0 0.01 12 1.37 26.62 60 8 102 0.1 0.4 - The results shown in Table 14 indicate that at an ammonium acetate concentration of 50 wt %, removal composition 65 exhibited a higher TiN etch rate and similar Cu and Co etch rates when compared to the control, composition 64, which contained no ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 14 Ammonium TiN Cu Co Acetate BTA DGA H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) (Å/min) Test (100%) (1.5%) (10%) DIW (30%) pH at 30° C. at 30° C. at 30° C. 64 0 12 1.060 56.94 30 7.8 8 0.3 0.1 65 50 12 4.450 3.55 30 7.8 18 1.6 0.3 - The formulations shown in Table 15 were prepared, and W (tungsten) etch rate evaluations were carried out at temperatures of 45° C. and 55° C. as described above in connection with TiN removal.
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TABLE 15 Saturated Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Ammonium Tartaric W Carbonate Acetate Oxalate Tartrate DGA TMAH Acid H2O2 (Å/min) Test (10%) (10%) (5.5%) (10%) (10%) (25%) (10%) DIW (30%) pH at 45° C. 66 0 0 0 0 2.645 0 0.00 37.4 60 7.9 173 67 1.46 0 0 0 1.790 0 0.00 36.8 60 8.0 401 68 0 1.172 0 0 2.601 0 0.00 36.2 60 8.0 444 69 0 0 1.887 0 2.502 0 0.00 35.6 60 7.9 361 70 0 0 0 0 0.000 19.517 0.00 20.5 60 11.1 365 71 0 0 0 3 0.000 20.272 0.00 16.7 60 11.1 771 72 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0.42 40.0 60 3.9 751 (55° C.) 73 0 0 0 3 0.000 0 0.48 36.5 60 3.9 1046 (55° C.) - The presence of ammonium carboxylate at a concentration of 1.46 wt % to 3 wt % and at a pH ranging from about 4 to slightly higher than 11 was shown to significantly increase the W removal rate when compared to the corresponding ammonium carboxylate-free control compositions 66, 70 and 72 at the same pH.
- As noted above, the presence of an amino acid, amine polycarboxylic acid (i.e., aminopolycarboxylic acid), and/or carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, or a mixture thereof, was observed to unexpectedly stabilize the compositions of the invention. The term “stabilize” is used herein to mean that the achievable etch rate for a hard mask, i.e., the rate at which hardmask is removed, remains substantially constant over an extended period of time, e.g., a time period of from twenty two (22) hours up to at least thirty five (35) hours at the selected operating temperature. As used herein the term “substantially constant” is intended to mean that the achievable etch rate at which hard mask is removed does not drop more than 15 Å/min during the useful life of the composition at the selected operating temperature. Examples of chelating agents which are operable according to the described and claimed inventive concepts include, but are not limited to, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA); ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA); 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; N-{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (HEDTA); and ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA).
- Pot life is a measure of the ability of the removal composition formula to perform optimally over time and without significant variation in functionality over time. Pot life is a strong function of temperature. After many hours of treatment at high temperature, the chemicals in the mixture can decompose and the formula will lose functionality.
- Pot life studies were conducted (to confirm the period of time during which, and the extent to which, the etch rates of the removal compositions of the invention remained constant) as follows: 800 gram stock solutions were prepared and maintained at 50° C. 150 gram samples were removed from the heated stock solution and used for TiN and Cu etch rate and pH studies at specific times at 50° C. The samples were discarded after each etch rate measurement.
- Removal compositions were prepared according to the described and claimed inventive concept(s) wherein ammonium tartrate was selected as the ammonium carboxylate at a concentration of 0.3 wt %. 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) was selected as the aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating agent in formulation 74 and 75, and no chelating agent was included in the control formulation 76. The compositions are shown in Table 16.
- Samples were taken from the removal compositions at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 7.5 and 22 hours to measure TiN and Cu etch rates. Results are shown in Table 17.
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TABLE 16 Ammonium Tartrate CDTA TEAH BTA H2O2 Test (10%) Pyrazole (100%) (20%) (1.5%) DIW (30%) pH 74 3 0.3 0.200 3.122 12.120 21.258 60 8.07 75 3 0.3 0.607 5.482 12.120 18.491 60 8.05 76 3 0.3 0.000 2.220 12.120 22.36 60 8.15 -
TABLE 17 TiN (Å/min) Cu (Å/min) Test Time (hr) at 50° C. at 50° C. 74 0 168.1 0.12 75 157.0 0.03 76 219.0 −0.02 74 2 166.0 0.53 75 143.7 0.46 76 211.2 0.45 74 4 163.7 1.42 75 155.5 0.90 76 203.6 0.62 74 7.5 159.4 0.77 75 157.4 1.11 76 166.6 −0.02 74 22 156.6 0.53 75 156.4 1.47 76 99.9 0.52 - The data presented in Table 17 demonstrates that with CDTA in removal compositions 74 and 75, the TiN etch rate remained stable, i.e., substantially constant, over a period of 22 hours. The initial TiN etch rate was 157 Å/min, and it remained at 156 Å/min for composition 75 over a 22 hour period. For composition 74 the initial TiN etch rate was 168 Å/min and remained at 157 Å/min over a 22 hour period. In composition 76, without CDTA, the TiN etch rate declined from an initial etch rate of 219 Å/min to an etch rate of 99 Å/min after 22 hours.
- Removal compositions were prepared according to the described and claimed inventive concept(s) wherein ammonium tartrate was selected as the ammonium carboxylate at a concentration of 0.3 wt %. 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) was selected as the aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating agent in formulation 77 and 78. The compositions are shown in Table 18.
- Samples were taken from the removal compositions at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 7 and 24 hours to measure TiN and Cu etch rates. Results are shown in Table 19.
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TABLE 18 Ammonium Tartrate CDTA TEAH BTA H2O2 Test (10%) Pyrazole (100%) (20%) (1.5%) DIW (30%) pH 77 3 0.3 0.001 0.404 12.12 74.18 10 8 78 3 0.3 0.005 0.632 12.12 73.94 10 8.13 -
TABLE 19 Time TiN (Å/min) Cu (Å/min) Test (hrs) at 50° C. at 50° C. 77 0 27.33 1.02 78 26.91 −0.425 77 4 27.56 0.55 78 26.23 −1.41 77 7 25.65 0.61 78 26.65 0.835 77 24 24.41 1.06 78 26.24 1.56 - The data presented in Table 19 demonstrate that with 0.001% and 0.005% of CDTA in removal compositions 77 and 78, respectively, the TiN etch rate remained stable, i.e., substantially constant, over a period of 24 hours. The initial TiN etch rate was 27.33 Å/min, and it remained at 24.41 Å/min for composition 77 over a 24 hour period. For composition 78, the initial TiN etch rate was 26.91 Å/min and remained at 26.24 Å/min over a 24 hour period.
- The formulations shown in Table 20 were prepared using DGA to adjust the pH, and BTA was used as copper corrosion inhibitor. Tetraammonium EDTA was used to stabilize the TiN etch rate.
- A pot life study was conducted according to the method described above. Samples were taken at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, 28 and 35 hours to measure TiN and Cu etch rates and pH. Results are shown in Table 21.
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TABLE 20 Tetra- Ammonium ammonium Tartrate DGA EDTA BTA H2O2 Test (10%) Pyrazole (10%) (10%) (1.5%) DIW (30%) pH 79 0 0.3 1.400 8 12.12 18.18 60 7.9 80 3 0.3 3.330 0 12.12 21.25 60 7.9 -
TABLE 21 TiN (Å/min) Cu (Å/min) Test Time (hr) at 50° C. at 50° C. pH 79 0 208 1.9 7.45 (46.9° C.) 80 209 1.0 7.56 (47.0° C.) 79 2 217 0.4 7.43 (46.2° C.) 80 163 0.2 7.49 (46.3° C.) 79 4 205 1.0 7.34 (47.0° C.) 80 150 0.4 7.33 (46.4° C.) 79 8 214 1.4 7.31 (47.4° C.) 80 143 0.4 6.99 (47.5° C.) 79 24 218 1.2 7.22 (46.6° C.) 80 106 0.3 6.61 (46.3° C.) 79 28 190 0.7 7.21 (46.0° C.) 80 N/A N/A N/A 77 35 194 1.0 7.20 (47.1° C.) 80 N/A N/A N/A - The experimental results shown in Table 21 demonstrate that with tetraammonium EDTA in removal composition 79, the TiN etch rate remained stable, i.e., remained substantially constant, over a period of thirty five (35) hours. The initial TiN etch rate was 208 Å/min, and it remained at 194 Å/min over the thirty five (35) hour period. In composition 80, without tetraammonium EDTA, the TiN etch rate dropped from an initial rate of 209 Å/min to a rate of 106 Å/min after 24 hours.
- The formulations in Table 22 were prepared using DGA to adjust pH. BTA was used as copper corrosion inhibitor. The ammonium carboxylate selected was tetraammonium EDTA. The results shown in Table 22 indicate that tetraammonium EDTA in removal composition 81 exhibited a higher TiN etch rate when compared to the control, composition 82, which contained no ammonium carboxylate.
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TABLE 22 Tetra- ammonium TiN Cu DGA EDTA BTA H2O2 (Å/min) (Å/min) Test Pyrazole (10%) (10%) (1.5%) DIW (30%) at 50° C. at 50° C. pH 81 0.3 1.740 6.0 12.12 19.84 60 233 1.97 7.9 82 0.3 3.360 0.0 12.12 24.22 60 134 0.18 7.9 - The presence of ammonium carboxylate in the removal compositions of the invention not only increased TiN etch rate as shown in Tables 2 through 8, 11, 13 through 15, and 22, but the data support the conclusion that their presence also operates to stabilize the TiN etch rate over an extended period of time, e.g., up to at least 35 hrs.
- Several embodiments of the inventive concepts have been described. However, those ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described. The inventive concepts can be practiced with modifications and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A removal composition having a pH in the range of from 2 to 14 for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, and alloys of Ti and W relative to low-k dielectric material from a semiconductor device substrate which comprises said low-k dielectric material having a TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or alloy of Ti or W etching mask thereon, wherein said removal composition comprises:
(a) from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % of an oxidizing agent;
(b) from 0.0001 wt % to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate; and
(c) the balance up to 100 wt % of said removal composition comprising deionized water.
2. The removal composition of claim 1 further comprising an organic cosolvent that is miscible with water.
3. The removal composition of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein (a) said oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting essentially of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), n-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO or NMO), benzoyl peroxide, tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate, ozone, ferric chloride, permanganate peroxoborate, perchlorate, persulfate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, per acetic acid, urea hydroperoxide, nitric acid (HNO3), ammonium chlorite (NH4ClO2), ammonium chlorate (NH4ClO3), ammonium iodate (NH4IO3), ammonium perborate (NH4BO3), ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4), ammonium periodate (NH4IO3), ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8), tetramethylammonium chlorite ((N(CH3)4)ClO2), tetramethylammionium chlorate ((N(CH3)4)ClO3), tetramethylammonium iodate ((N(CH3)4)IO3), tetramethylammonium perborate ((N(CH3)4)BO3), tetramethylammonium perchlorate ((N(CH3)4)ClO4), tetramethylammonium periodate ((N(CH3)4)IO4), tetramethylammonium persulfate ((N(CH3)4)S2O8), ((CO(NH2)2)H2O2), peracetic acid (CH3(CO)OOH), and mixtures thereof; and
(b) said ammonium carboxylate is selected from the group comprising ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, and mixtures thereof.
4. The removal composition of claim 3 wherein said oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
5. The removal composition of claim 1 further comprising from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, an aminopolycarboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a mixture thereof selected from the group consisting essentially of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA); 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; N-{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (HEDTA); and ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA).
6. The removal composition of claim 1 further comprising from 0.0001 wt % up to 50 wt % of a metal corrosion inhibitor.
7. The removal composition of claim 1 wherein the pH is in the range of from 3 to 13 and said oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
8. The removal composition of claim 7 wherein the pH is in the range of from 7 to 12.
9. A method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or an alloy of Ti or W relative to low-k materials from a semiconductor substrate comprising said low-k materials having an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or an alloy of Ti or W thereon wherein the method comprises contacting the substrate with a removal composition comprising:
(a) from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % at least one oxidizing agent,
(b) from 0.0001 wt % to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate; and
(c) the balance up to 100 wt % of said removal composition comprising deionized water at a temperature in the range of from room temperature up to 80° C. and at a pH in the range of from 3 to 13 for a time wherein said removal composition selectively removes said TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or alloy of Ti or W etching mask relative to said low-k materials, and the achievable etch rate of the composition remains substantially constant over an extended period of time.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein:
(a) said oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting essentially of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), n-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO or NMO), benzoyl peroxide, tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate, ozone, ferric chloride, permanganate peroxoborate, perchlorate, persulfate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, per acetic acid, urea hydroperoxide, nitric acid (HNO3), ammonium chlorite (NH4ClO2), ammonium chlorate (NH4ClO3), ammonium iodate (NH4IO3), ammonium perborate (NH4BO3), ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4), ammonium periodate (NH4IO3), ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8), tetramethylammonium chlorite ((N(CH3)4)ClO2), tetramethylammionium chlorate ((N(CH3)4)ClO3), tetramethylammonium iodate ((N(CH3)4)IO3), tetramethylammonium perborate ((N(CH3)4)BO3), tetramethylammonium perchlorate ((N(CH3)4)ClO4), tetramethylammonium periodate ((N(CH3)4)IO4), tetramethylammonium persulfate ((N(CH3)4)S2O8), ((CO(NH2)2)H2O2), peracetic acid (CH3(CO)OOH), and mixtures thereof; and
(b) said ammonium carboxylate is selected from the group comprising ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, and mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said removal composition further comprises from 0.0001 wt % up to 20 wt % of a copper corrosion inhibitor.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein said removal composition further comprises from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, an aminopolycarboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a mixture thereof selected from the group consisting essentially of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA); 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; N-{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (HEDTA); and ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) whereby the achievable removal rate for the etching mask remains substantially constant over an extended period of time up to at least thirty five hours.
13. A method for selectively removing an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or an alloy of Ti or W relative to low-k materials from a semiconductor substrate comprising said low-k materials having an etching mask consisting essentially of TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or an alloy of Ti or W thereon wherein the method comprises contacting the substrate with a removal composition comprising:
(a) from 0.1 wt % to 90 wt % of hydrogen peroxide;
(b) from 0.0001 wt % to 50 wt % of an ammonium carboxylate selected from the group comprising ammonium oxalate, ammonium lactate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium citrate tribasic, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium benzoate, tetraammonium EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium salt, ammonium succinate, ammonium formate, ammonium 1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, and mixtures thereof;
(c) from 0.001 wt % to 20 wt % of an amino acid, an aminopolycarboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a mixture thereof selected from the group consisting essentially of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA); and 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; N-{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (HEDTA); and ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA); and
(d) the balance up to 100 wt % of said removal composition comprising deionized water at a temperature in the range of from room temperature up to 80° C. and at a pH in the range of from 3 to 13 for a time wherein said removal composition selectively removes said TiN, TaN, TiNxOy, TiW, W, or alloy of Ti or W etching mask relative to said low-k materials whereby the etching mask is selectively removed and the achievable removal rate for the etching mask remains substantially constant over an extended period of time.
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US14/103,303 US20150104952A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-12-11 | Method and composition for selectively removing metal hardmask and other residues from semiconductor device substrates comprising low-k dielectric material and copper |
PCT/US2014/059840 WO2015054460A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-10-09 | Removal composition for selectively removing hard mask |
CN201480055153.4A CN105874562B (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-10-09 | The removal composition and its method of hard mask are removed for selectivity |
JP2016521931A JP2016535819A (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-10-09 | Removal composition and method for selectively removing hard mask |
TW103135158A TWI650414B (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2014-10-09 | Removal composition for selectively removing hard mask and methods thereof |
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Also Published As
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CN105874562B (en) | 2019-05-14 |
TWI650415B (en) | 2019-02-11 |
WO2015053800A2 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
CN105874562A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
CN105612599B (en) | 2019-05-14 |
JP6523269B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
JP2016535819A (en) | 2016-11-17 |
CN105612599A (en) | 2016-05-25 |
KR20160068902A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
CN105874568A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
US20160240368A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
TWI650414B (en) | 2019-02-11 |
KR102327432B1 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
US20160254182A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
US10005991B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
KR102334603B1 (en) | 2021-12-06 |
WO2015053800A3 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
TW201527518A (en) | 2015-07-16 |
JP2017502491A (en) | 2017-01-19 |
JP2016536785A (en) | 2016-11-24 |
TW201522574A (en) | 2015-06-16 |
KR20160068903A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
KR20170076616A (en) | 2017-07-04 |
US10155921B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
TW201527519A (en) | 2015-07-16 |
US20160312162A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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