US20150068150A1 - Flange assembly for a tower segment - Google Patents
Flange assembly for a tower segment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150068150A1 US20150068150A1 US14/250,469 US201414250469A US2015068150A1 US 20150068150 A1 US20150068150 A1 US 20150068150A1 US 201414250469 A US201414250469 A US 201414250469A US 2015068150 A1 US2015068150 A1 US 2015068150A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- tower
- interface
- flange portion
- tower segment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- FLDSMVTWEZKONL-AWEZNQCLSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-5-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-1,4,7,8-tetrahydrooxepino[4,5-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(CC2=C(NN=C2C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N(C3=C(OC2)C=CC=C3)C)=O)CCO1)C FLDSMVTWEZKONL-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001609 comparable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
- E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
- E04H12/085—Details of flanges for tubular masts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/388—Separate connecting elements
-
- E04B1/40—
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
Definitions
- the tower segment is realized as a tower segment of a wind turbine tower.
- Wind turbines comprise a tower and a nacelle placed on top of that tower, whereby the nacelle is equipped with a rotor which rotates due to the impact of wind. In the nacelle, the rotational movement of the rotor is used to generate electric power.
- the nacelles of the wind turbines are positioned at ever increasing heights. This implies that rotors with longer rotor blades can be installed which then means a higher output of electric energy.
- heights of about 80 metres are quite usual, especially in offshore areas. Because of that, the towers which hold the nacelles need to be constructed stable enough to both carry the weights and to withstand the forces that increase substantially with the increase of height. Such forces are, for instance, vibration forces but also forces due to the movement of the tower in the wind.
- Such flanges in particular in the case of steel towers, are often produced separately and then firmly connected to the tubular parts of the tower sections, for instance, by bolting them together.
- An aspect relates to supplying flanges, in particular, large flanges, in an easier manner and/or with less consumption of resources.
- a flange assembly as mentioned in the introductory paragraph comprises a number of flange portions, each with a first interface to the tower segment and a second interface to connect to another flange portion.
- the flange assembly is used for the construction of a flange, be it an inner flange or an outer flange, of a tower segment, such as a wind turbine tower.
- the tower segment comprises a metal structure, such as steel, and the flange assembly comprises the same material as the tower segment. That means, if the tower segment primarily comprises metal, the flange assembly is also made of metal, and can be the same metal or metal alloy as the metal tower segment.
- Metal is used in exemplary embodiments of both the tower segment and the flange as the connection between the flange (portion) and the tower segment is easier to accomplish, and also because currently, concrete towers sections are often produced with the flange as an integral part.
- the flange assembly may comprise a single flange portion. In such embodiment, at least one more flange portion is needed to establish a flange.
- the first interface of each flange portion serves to be connected to the tower segment. This can, for instance, be accomplished by welding and/or bolting (in the case of a metal tower segment and metal flange portion).
- embodiments of the invention may be based on two principles, namely that of division and that of connection:
- a flange that is divided into a plurality of flange portions.
- using several flange portions that are separately connected to a tower segment may not be enough; the construction might be too instable to withhold the forces and tensions inflicted on the tower, at least the tower of a wind turbine that has to endure even more forces than a tower which serves a less mechanical function, such as a lighthouse.
- a flange portion of the flange assembly is equipped with a second interface to interconnect with an adjacent flange portion along the (inner or outer) circumference of the tower.
- the second interface can be characterized as a contact region of the flange portion which is equipped to get into a firm and stable mechanical contact with the adjacent flange portion.
- Such equipment of the contact region can also be accomplished upon assembly of the flange portions to become a flange.
- the flange portions may be welded together and/or interconnected by a filling material. However, welding may not be essentially necessary, but rather only constitutes one possibility of connection of flange portions.
- Embodiments of the second interface can be located at an end region of the flange portion along its principal extension.
- This principal extension describes a part of a circle along the inner or outer circumference of the tower section.
- each flange portion therefore has two such end regions that are both equipped with a second interface that may be the same shape and/or according to the same connection mechanism. This way, one flange portion can be connected at either end region to an adjacent flange portion.
- the assembly comprises a number of flange portions which are semi-circular, i.e. constitute exactly one half of a circle
- a first flange portion can be connected to a second flange portion of the same size to make up a complete flange.
- the second interface comprises some dedicated connection element such as a protruding element which fits into a receiving element of the second interface of an adjacent flange portion.
- embodiments of the invention provide a solution to the problem of increasing sizes of flanges whilst maintaining sufficient stability at the same time.
- embodiments of the invention also concern a flange for a tower segment comprising a flange assembly, the flange portions of which are interconnected. That means that each of the flange portion is at least connected to one other adjacent flange portion as indicated above.
- embodiments of the invention also concern a method of construction of a flange for a tower segment comprising the steps of providing a flange assembly comprising a plurality of flange portions, each with a first interface to the tower segment and a second interface to connect to another flange portion, and interconnecting the flange portions via their second interfaces to form the flange.
- embodiments of the invention concern a tower segment, in particular of a tower of a wind turbine, comprising a flange, and also a method of construction of a tower segment, in particular of a tower of a wind turbine, comprising the steps of providing a flange constructed using the method according to embodiments of the invention, and connecting the flange to the tower segment via the first interfaces.
- embodiments of the invention also concern a tower, in particular a tower of a wind turbine, comprising at least one tower segment, and a method of constructing a tower, in particular a tower of a wind turbine, whereby a number of tower segments are interconnected, at least one tower segment of which is produced according to a method according to embodiments of the invention.
- a flange assembly may comprise a single flange portion of the above-described kind.
- the flange assembly may comprise a plurality of flange portions each interconnectable with at least another flange portion via their second interfaces.
- the number of flange portions is chosen such that a complete flange can be produced by interconnecting them via their second interfaces. For instance, if each of the flange portions describes a third of a circle, three of the above-described flange portions are included in the package or set, i.e. are part of the flange assembly.
- two flange portions are in the flange assembly, i.e. the set of flange portions that make a flange when interconnected.
- the set of flange portions that make a flange when interconnected.
- complementary second interfaces of interconnectable flange portions are realized to interconnect by means of a form fit. That implies that the shape of one second interface of one flange portion fits to the shape of a second interface of an adjacent flange portion in such way that they engage.
- the contact regions of the second interfaces of the two adjacent flange portions comprise more than one single flat surface. Rather, both contact surfaces of the two second interfaces must be curved and/or comprise angles and be realized and located such that they correspond in shape to be fitted into/onto each other.
- the two contact surfaces are thus designed as complementary connection surfaces.
- the second interfaces of interconnectable flange portions are realized to interconnect by means of a force closure and/or by means of welding.
- That second embodiment implies that not only a form fit can be used as a connection principle between two adjacent flange portions, but an even firmer connects in which forces and/or tensions are directly and reliably transferred from one flange portion into the adjacent next one.
- Welding has the advantage that the two flange portions are permanently joined such that they form one integral element.
- welding may only be desired in special applications rather than as a rule. For example, welding may introduce additional stress into the flange. That means that welding is only an option, but not an overall necessity.
- both adjacent flange portions comprise through-openings through which the fasteners can be led before tightening.
- These through-openings must be complementary in shape and position.
- Such an embodiment may be desired because through openings already exist in some flanges and can serve the purpose of interconnecting adjacent flanges of two adjacent tower sections.
- the through-openings of the flange portions in the region of the second interfaces can be used at the same time to connect flange portions.
- a second interface of at least one flange portion comprises a protruding element which protrudes from an end of that flange portion with respect to a circumference of the tower segment. This means that the end of the flange portion is extended by the protruding element, at least partially. Such a protruding element can then be used to (at least partially) establish the second interface of the flange portion. This provides for a considerably easy form fit effect.
- first flange portion the second interface of which comprising a first protruding element which protrudes from the end of the first flange portion at a first level and with the second interface of an adjacent flange portion comprising a second protruding element which protrudes from the end of that adjacent flange portion at a second level.
- Both can then be aligned and interconnected such that the first and second protruding elements are positioned one above the other when the two flange portions are connectedly aligned at a substantially same level along the circumference of the tower segment.
- one (e.g. upper) protruding element of one flange portion lies above another (e.g. lower) protruding element of an adjacent flange portion whilst the two flange portions are essentially aligned along the same level with respect to their designated position relative to the tower segment.
- the second interface of a first flange portion comprises a tooth that corresponds in shape and position with an inlet opening of a second interface of an adjacent flange portion to interconnect with the inlet opening.
- Such tooth can thus be form fitted into the inlet opening. It is directed at an angle other than 0° or 180° to the principal extension of the flange portions. This way the connection between the tooth and the inlet opening can compensate and/or transfer forces or tensions directed from one flange portion towards the adjacent flange portion.
- flanges have been described throughout this description as simply circular, it may be noted that other shapes of flanges along the circumference of a tower section may also be realized, this certainly depending on the respective shape of the tower section. Thus, in particular oval tower sections and flanges can be realized. Even tower sections (and thus flanges) may be used with angled cross sections.
- FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 shows a prior art tower section connection
- FIG. 3 shows a top view of a first embodiment of a flange and a flange arrangement
- FIG. 4 shows a section view along a section line IV-IV of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 shows a section view along a section line B-B of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 6 shows a section view along a section line VI-VI of FIG. 3 of a second embodiment of a flange and a flange arrangement
- FIG. 7 shows a section view along a section line B-B of FIG. 3 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic block diagram of the methods according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine 4 of a usual construction.
- a nacelle 6 is supported by a tower 5 .
- the tower 5 is made by stacking tower sections 2 one on top of the other to reach the desired height.
- the tower 5 is usually widest at the bottom and tapers gradually towards the nacelle 6 .
- the tower sections 2 are therefore also tapered accordingly.
- Adjacent tower sections 2 must be firmly secured to each other.
- a tower section 2 will have an interior and/or an exterior flange at its upper and/or lower edges (depending on its position in the tower), to match the flange(s) of one or two adjacent tower sections.
- FIG. 2 shows a prior art connection arrangement for the sections 2 of a wind turbine tower 5 .
- the problems with the prior art constructions are illustrated using two different flange realisations, although it is usual to use the same realisation for both tower sections 2 .
- the upper part of the diagram shows an upper tower section 2 with a shell 20 welded to an upper flange 100 ′, leaving a raised weld seam 23 .
- the lower part of the diagram shows a lower tower section 2 with a shell 20 welded to a lower flange 100 ′, also, leaving a raised weld seam 23 .
- Both the upper and the lower flange 100 ′ are equipped with corresponding through-openings 10 one of which each is indicated in the diagram. These through-openings 10 are supplied all along the circumference of both tower sections 2 , in order to permit bolts 3 to be inserted through them. These bolts 3 are firmly tightened by nuts 30 at either side, with washers 31 adjacent to the nuts.
- a strengthening element 70 also equipped with a complementary through-opening to permit the bolt 3 to pass through it.
- FIGS. 3 to 7 thus show two embodiments of a flange 100 and of a flange assembly 8 .
- FIG. 3 although referring to the first embodiment, is used as a reference for FIGS. 6 and 7 as well, although it becomes clear from these latter section views that the second embodiment is different with some respects—thus the different elements are marked by a “′” in the respective reference signs in FIGS. 6 and 7 . Still, for the purpose of referring to the section points, FIG. 3 fully suffices.
- the flange assembly 8 comprises two semi-circular flange portions 8 a, 8 b which are interconnected at two interface regions 16 . In this interconnected state they thus form a flange 100 . It is also shown that the flange portions 8 a, 8 b in the interface regions 16 comprise a number of through-openings 10 such as the ones shown in FIG. 2 . As will be shown with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7 , these through-openings 10 are part of the connection between the two flange portions 8 a, 8 b.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show two section views of this first embodiment of FIG. 3 .
- Both flange portions 8 a, 8 b — FIG. 5 shows the first flange portion 8 a —comprise an essentially square (along the perpendicular extension to the main extension ME of the flange portions 8 a, 8 b ) main body 12 and an upper connection part 24 .
- the surface 14 of the upper connection part 24 facing away from the main body 12 serves as a first interface 14 for welding to a tower section—cf. FIG. 2 .
- each of the flange portions 8 a, 8 b comprises a second interface 16 a, 16 b.
- the second interface 16 a of the first flange portion 8 a comprises a protruding element 22 a (protruding from the end surface 18 a of the first flange portion 8 a towards the end surface 18 c of the second flange portion 8 b ) which fits exactly under a corresponding protruding element 22 b (protruding from the end surface 18 c of the second flange portion 8 b towards the end surface 18 a of the first flange portion 8 a ).
- the two protruding elements 22 b, 22 a are placed on top of each other. They are thus form fitted.
- bolts 3 (not shown) are inserted into the through-openings 10 so that a bolt passing through both flange portions 8 a, 8 b in the interface region 16 will automatically interconnect the two flange portions 8 a, 8 b by additional force closure.
- a filling material in particular an adhesive and/or a sealing filling material can be introduced along the contact surfaces 18 a, 18 b, 18 c of the interface region 16 . This can serve as a sealing material but also add more strength to the overall connection.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of the invention in two section views. As most of the features in these figures are the same as in the preceding two figures, only the additional elements will be described:
- a first flange portion 8 a ′ and a second flange portion 8 b ′ make up the flange assembly 8 ′ and indeed (cf. FIG. 3 ) the complete flange 100 .
- the difference with the first embodiment lies in the geometric approach of the two second interfaces 16 a ′, 16 b ′.
- the protruding element 22 a ′ of the first flange portion 8 a ′ comprises a tooth 26 projecting from the connection surface 18 b upwards.
- the protruding element 22 b ′ comprises an inlet opening 28 into which the tooth 26 fits. This combination of tooth 26 and inlet opening 28 adds more strength to the overall connection of the two flange portions 8 a ′, 8 b′.
- FIG. 8 shows schematic block diagrams of all mentioned methods Z, Y, X, R according to embodiments of the invention.
- Embodiments of method Z comprises a first step W of providing a flange portion 8 a, 8 a ′ and a second step V of equipping that flange portion 8 a, 8 a ′ with a first interface 14 to a tower segment and with a second interface 16 a, 16 a ′ to connect to a further flange portion 8 b, 8 b′.
- that method Y comprises a step U in which a plurality of such flange portions 8 a, 8 b, 8 a ′, 8 b ′ is provided and interconnected via their second interfaces 16 a, 16 b, 16 a ′, 16 b ′ to form the flange 100 .
- a tower segment 2 is constructed according to the method X, which after the provision of the flange 100 by method Y, further comprises a step T of connecting the flange 100 to the tower segment 2 via the first interfaces 14 .
- a tower 5 can be constructed using method R, which further comprises step S, whereby a number of tower segments 2 are interconnected, at least one tower segment 2 of which has been produced according to the last-mentioned method X.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13168756.8A EP2806086A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Flange assembly for a tower segment |
EP13168756.8 | 2013-05-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150068150A1 true US20150068150A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
Family
ID=48468165
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/250,469 Abandoned US20150068150A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-04-11 | Flange assembly for a tower segment |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150068150A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2806086A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104179633A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017145714A (ja) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | クリーンエナジーファクトリー株式会社 | 風力発電機 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109404224B (zh) * | 2018-12-10 | 2024-06-18 | 重庆大学 | 一种基于边缘加劲组合壳体的风电混合塔筒 |
EP3868981A1 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-25 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Flange |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060000185A1 (en) * | 2002-05-25 | 2006-01-05 | Aloys Wobben | Flange connection |
US20090021019A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2009-01-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wind turbine tower and method for constructing a wind turbine tower |
WO2012038309A2 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | A wind turbine tower |
US8316615B2 (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-11-27 | General Electric Company | Modular tower and methods of assembling same |
US8490337B2 (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2013-07-23 | Thomas Nott Word, III | Structural flange connection system and method |
DE102012221712A1 (de) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-28 | Siegthalerfabrik Gmbh | Flansch für einen Turm einer Windkraftanlage |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE501961A (zh) * | ||||
EP2375057B1 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2016-05-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wind turbine installation |
US20120025538A1 (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-02-02 | Michael James Luneau | Unitary support frame for use in wind turbines and methods for fabricating same |
-
2013
- 2013-05-22 EP EP13168756.8A patent/EP2806086A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-04-11 US US14/250,469 patent/US20150068150A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-05-22 CN CN201410217285.4A patent/CN104179633A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060000185A1 (en) * | 2002-05-25 | 2006-01-05 | Aloys Wobben | Flange connection |
US20090021019A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2009-01-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wind turbine tower and method for constructing a wind turbine tower |
US8490337B2 (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2013-07-23 | Thomas Nott Word, III | Structural flange connection system and method |
WO2012038309A2 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | A wind turbine tower |
US8316615B2 (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-11-27 | General Electric Company | Modular tower and methods of assembling same |
DE102012221712A1 (de) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-28 | Siegthalerfabrik Gmbh | Flansch für einen Turm einer Windkraftanlage |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017145714A (ja) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | クリーンエナジーファクトリー株式会社 | 風力発電機 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2806086A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
CN104179633A (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SIEMENS WIND POWER A/S, DENMARK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MATHIASEN, SOEREN OESTERGAARD;REEL/FRAME:033363/0578 Effective date: 20140703 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS WIND POWER A/S;REEL/FRAME:033373/0874 Effective date: 20140704 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |