US20150034401A1 - Levitation System for a Train - Google Patents

Levitation System for a Train Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150034401A1
US20150034401A1 US14/000,753 US201214000753A US2015034401A1 US 20150034401 A1 US20150034401 A1 US 20150034401A1 US 201214000753 A US201214000753 A US 201214000753A US 2015034401 A1 US2015034401 A1 US 2015034401A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fender
bar
rims
track
rim
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/000,753
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernardus Ludgerus Lubertus Hijlkema
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOVUS FINITOR BV
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NOVUS FINITOR BV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to NOVUS FINITOR B.V. reassignment NOVUS FINITOR B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HIJLKEMA, BERNARDUS LUDGERUS LUBERTUS
Publication of US20150034401A1 publication Critical patent/US20150034401A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60V—AIR-CUSHION VEHICLES
    • B60V3/00—Land vehicles, waterborne vessels, or aircraft, adapted or modified to travel on air cushions
    • B60V3/02—Land vehicles, e.g. road vehicles
    • B60V3/04—Land vehicles, e.g. road vehicles co-operating with rails or other guiding means, e.g. with air cushion between rail and vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60V—AIR-CUSHION VEHICLES
    • B60V1/00—Air-cushion
    • B60V1/04—Air-cushion wherein the cushion is contained at least in part by walls
    • B60V1/046—Air-cushion wherein the cushion is contained at least in part by walls the walls or a part of them being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60V—AIR-CUSHION VEHICLES
    • B60V1/00—Air-cushion
    • B60V1/14—Propulsion; Control thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
    • B61B13/08—Sliding or levitation systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fender.
  • Fenders are known in practice, for instance in hovercrafts. Another known fender, suitable for use for a train, is described in NL 1007109.
  • fenders are beset with a number of practical problems, including having to provide large support surfaces and having to supply sufficient liquid or air for the purpose of supporting a load.
  • the present invention has for its object to reduce or wholly obviate the existing problems.
  • the invention comprises a fender, the fender comprising:
  • Providing a flexible rim, at least for a part of this rim, is found to realize an additional pressure increase, whereby a significant increase in the load-bearing capacity of the fender is realized.
  • An improved load-bearing capacity results from providing at least one extra pressure chamber. In the currently preferred embodiment this results during use in a decreasing pressure variation from the inner pressure chamber to an outer rim, wherein the fluid flows laterally as seen from the inner pressure chamber to the outer rim.
  • Air is preferably used as fluid. If desired, other gases or liquids can also be used in addition to air. Air has the additional advantage that it is light and widely available.
  • the rim preferably comprises a feed for feeding the fluid.
  • At least three rims are preferably also provided, preferably four, more preferably at least six and most preferably at least eight.
  • 35 rims can for instance also be provided if suitable thicknesses of the rims are chosen.
  • Additional pressure increases can be realized by providing additional rims with additional pressure chambers located therebetween. It is hereby possible to further increase the total load-bearing capacity along the fender according to the present invention.
  • At least a part of the rims is preferably provided movably to some extent relative to each other and/or the support surface.
  • the rims can comprise metal or a plastic.
  • the rims preferably comprise aluminium.
  • Flexibly arranged, relatively stiff rims are obtained by combining one or more flexible rims comprising relatively stiff rings made from aluminium plate, wherein in a currently preferred embodiment annular air chambers are provided on the upper side of these rings.
  • the rings are manufactured from an inflatable material in order to further increase the overall flexibility.
  • Such rims are for instance air-inflatable or can be filled with another gas or optionally with a liquid.
  • the fender as described above can for instance be used as for instance a bogie of a train, although other applications are also possible, for instance for a boat or vehicle.
  • the invention further also relates to a bogie for a train, comprising a fender as described above.
  • Such a bogie provides the same effects and advantages as described for the fender.
  • the bogie preferably comprises a contactless drive.
  • a contactless drive is preferably provided with a number of permanent magnets on a rotating disc which are positioned such that rotation along a guiding strip or track realizes a propelling force.
  • a type of contactless drive can be realized in effective manner with which the bogie is displaceable relative to the guiding strip.
  • the guiding functions here as conductor. An effective and energy-efficient drive is hereby realized.
  • the invention further also relates to a train provided with a bogie as described above and/or to a track suitable for such a bogie.
  • Such a train and track provide the same effects and advantages as described in respect of the fender and/or the bogie.
  • the track comprises a strip of conductive material provided on either side of the track for the purpose of the contactless drive.
  • the track is provided with a recess in which at least one strip of conductive material is provided for the drive.
  • the track is also provided with at least one recess such that a track section of this track can be placed over an existing railway track. Use can in this way be made of an existing track which is preferably suitable for a train based on a bogie as described above as well as a conventional train.
  • the invention further also relates to a method for supporting an element, such as a train as described above, comprising a fender as also described above, and to a method for propelling an element such as a train, comprising of providing a bogie as described above.
  • FIG. 1 shows a bogie according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a train provided with such a bogie
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of a fender according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a view of such a fender provided in a train element of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a fender
  • FIG. 6 shows a representation of experimental results with the fender of FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 7 shows a representation of results with the fender of FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 8 shows a view of an alternative embodiment of a fender according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a representation of experimental results with the embodiment of the fender of FIG. 8 ;
  • FIG. 10 shows a conceptual representation of the drive according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a view of a drive and a suspension of a bogie of the train of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 show a view of a test setup of the drive
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show a further embodiment of the fender according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 show respectively a cross-section and a view of a rigid fender with two flexible rims according to the invention
  • FIGS. 18-23 show diverse figures and results relating to a test with a plastic duo-fender with a diameter of 160 mm and a thickness of 10 mm;
  • FIGS. 24-27 show diverse figures and results relating to a calculation of the air consumption of a small foil fender.
  • a bogie 2 ( FIG. 1 ) is shown on a track 4 of a conventional railway 6 .
  • This conventional railway 6 consists of train rails 8 and sleepers 10 .
  • Bogie 2 is provided with a drive 12 .
  • Drive 12 comprises four rotating discs 14 , two on either side of bogie 2 .
  • Fenders 16 are also provided.
  • Guides 18 embodied in the shown embodiment as fenders, are also arranged for safety purposes.
  • the track is provided on the sides with a guiding strip 20 for the purpose of the driving.
  • Such a bogie 2 can be used for a train 22 ( FIG. 2 ).
  • a fender 24 ( FIG. 3 ) is provided with a support surface 26 which acts on an underlying track section 28 .
  • a fender has six rims 30 , wherein the rim comprises a ring which is made from an aluminium plate and above which is provided an annular air chamber 32 which can be actuated. Alternatively, another metal or a plastic is used for the rim. The actuation is also possible by means of other power sources, such as hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, spring constructions, etc.
  • Feed channels 34 can individually adjust rims 30 .
  • Feed channel 36 provides air to the inner pressure chamber.
  • the pressure chambers between rims 30 are optionally provided with a feed channel (not shown).
  • the diameter of rims is about 200 mm and the height of the recess for the fender is about 65 mm, wherein the fender is fixed in horizontal direction with a connection 38 .
  • a train 40 ( FIG. 4 ) is provided with a fender 24 as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the drive is similar to the configuration of FIG. 1 , wherein an angle ⁇ is provided for configuring train 40 in lateral direction.
  • a diameter is assumed in a first embodiment of 200 millimetres.
  • the radii of the rims are successively 22 and 28 , 30 and 36 , 38 and 44 , 46 and 52 , 54 and 60 , 62 and 68 , 70 and 76 , 78 and 84 , 86 and 92 , 94 and 100 .
  • a low pressure of ⁇ 0.03 bar in the outer rim (with a limited flow rate Q of 1.4 l/min and little wear of the rims) will be sufficiently high to support the train therewith.
  • FIG. 7 and table 1 show visually the obtained results of a number of embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 Diameter bearing 2R0 200 10 ⁇ 3 m Diameter pocket 2R1 188 10 ⁇ 3 m Diameter 2R2 4 10 ⁇ 3 m Pocket depth h2 500 10 ⁇ 6 m Film thickness h0 10 10 6 m Supply pressure pS 0.145 10 6 Pa Ambient pressure pA 0.1 10 6 Pa Result Pressure p(R1)/pA 1.45 Pressure factor ⁇ 1 Load-bearing capacity F 0.944 Flow rate M 30804 10 ⁇ 6 kg/s Load-bearing capacity F 1334.3 N
  • Stepwise calculation of load-bearing capacity (from outside to inside with the addition of a ring at a time), starting from a pressure value in the outer annular chamber of 1 bar:
  • a possible embodiment of the drive according to the invention is further described and shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the drive according to a first version, used for a train for the purpose of bogie 2 comprises an electric motor based on utilization of the Lorenz forces, preferably in aluminium strips functioning as conductor.
  • a source formed in an advantageous embodiment with a permanent magnet or magnets, causes a magnetic field through a conductive circuit.
  • An electric current is induced in the circuit by changing the magnetic field, preferably of the magnet which moves relative to this circuit.
  • the Lorentz force between the magnetic field and the current is manifested as a force between the permanent magnet and the conductive circuit which decelerates the permanent magnet and entrains the conductive circuit with the movement of the magnet.
  • a drive can be realized in this manner.
  • the magnetic field around a permanent magnet does not change abruptly from zero to a constant value, as in the wire frame example, but is a continuously varying function of the position.
  • the guiding rail in the wire frame example the electric current is forced to flow in a circuit with imposed geometry, and spatial integrals, such as in Faraday's law, can thereby be calculated relatively easily.
  • the eddy current will continuously form extended and more complex patterns, especially on the top side of the rail ( FIG. 10 ) where the current is ‘forced’ to reverse in order to remain in the rail.
  • FIG. 11 and FIG. 1 The drive and the positioning relative to the suspension of the levitating train is further shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 1 .
  • drive 42 is provided centrally in track 43 .
  • Guiding strip 44 is provided in recess 45 .
  • Angle ⁇ is provided for lateral fixation.
  • the drive can also be used in other applications, such as a wind turbine.
  • the drive can for instance also be applied as generator.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 A second embodiment of the drive is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 .
  • a further test was performed with an setup as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the test has shown in respect of the generable drive power that, on the basis of above stated video recorded test with a magnet package of two upright magnets of 40 ⁇ 40 ⁇ 10 mm, a traction force of about 7 kgf can be utilized as drive power in a similar configuration via the substantially contactless structural engagement on a guide as part of a track construction, for instance for the Aqua Planing Train.
  • a usable magnetic field could only be utilized on one side, while a magnetic field can be utilized on two sides via the above configuration of the magnets applied here. This is optionally even possible for three sides.
  • a further embodiment of the fender embodied in this case with a three-fold rim is constructed from rims in the form of three rings which are manufactured from a metal or from a rigid or flexible plastic, or a combination hereof, and which are provided relative to each other and to the construction of the fender with an airtight connection via arrangement of in this case rubber O-rings 64 , 66 , 68 ( FIGS. 14 and 15 ).
  • All three rims 70 , 72 , 74 are each actuated from the fender construction by three hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders 58 , 60 , 62 .
  • compressed air pressure with a pressure value of for instance 3 bar is applied in the inner pressure chamber.
  • the single feed of the air pressure and the, in this embodiment, likewise single feed of the hydraulic pressure corresponding to the value of the exerted force or load hereby has to be regulated with the purpose in this embodiment of allowing the pressure value in the air chambers to increase, as seen from the outside to the inside, from for instance 1 bar in the outer annular chamber to 2 bar in the inner annular chamber and to 3 bar in the inner pressure chamber.
  • an air cushion construction 52 can be arranged between the fender construction and for instance the train construction 50 .
  • the air pressure operating herein will also have to be regulated corresponding to the value of the varying force or load exerted on the fender.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 show an embodiment of a rigid fender 80 with two flexible rims.
  • FIG. 17 is shown as representation in oval/elliptical form, while it will be appreciated that in reality it is circular.
  • rigid part 82 rigid part 82
  • air chamber 84 for actuating flexible rims 86 , 88 .
  • rigid fender parts 90 Further shown are rigid fender parts 90 .
  • FIGS. 18-27 show diverse figures and results in respect of a test with a plastic duo-fender. Use is made here of the following parameters:
  • Anticipated air consumption per fender 8 ⁇ 1.44 m 3 ⁇ 11.5 m 3 .
  • Anticipated air consumption train: 4 ⁇ 11.5 m 3 46 m 3 /hour.
  • DRL 100 requires a power of 5 kW and produces 89 m 3 of air (see also FIG. 21 with the bottom line for DLR 80, middle line for DRL 100 and top line for DLR 150 for air output in m 3 /hour relative to overpressure in bar, and FIG. 22 with bottom line for DLR 100, above this DLR 250, DLR 300 and at the top DLR 500 for power in kW relative to overpressure in bar).
  • FIGS. 23 and 24 show a number of configurations with parameters and calculated results in tables 2 and 3 respectively.
  • FIG. 27 the bottom line on the right shows the pressure of the configuration of FIG. 18 and the top line the configuration of FIG. 25 .
  • DRL 100 requires a power of 3 kW and produces 97 m 3 of air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
US14/000,753 2011-02-21 2012-02-21 Levitation System for a Train Abandoned US20150034401A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2006269 2011-02-21
NL2006269 2011-02-21
PCT/NL2012/000015 WO2012115506A1 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-21 Levitation system for a train

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2012/000015 A-371-Of-International WO2012115506A1 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-21 Levitation system for a train

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/088,696 Continuation US10293803B2 (en) 2011-02-21 2016-04-01 Levitation system for a train

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US20150034401A1 true US20150034401A1 (en) 2015-02-05

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US14/000,753 Abandoned US20150034401A1 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-21 Levitation System for a Train
US15/088,696 Active 2032-11-25 US10293803B2 (en) 2011-02-21 2016-04-01 Levitation system for a train

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EP (1) EP2701960B1 (pl)
DK (1) DK2701960T3 (pl)
ES (1) ES2753536T3 (pl)
HU (1) HUE045921T2 (pl)
LT (1) LT2701960T (pl)
PL (1) PL2701960T3 (pl)
PT (1) PT2701960T (pl)
SI (1) SI2701960T1 (pl)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10293803B2 (en) * 2011-02-21 2019-05-21 Novus Finitor B.V. Levitation system for a train
WO2023092645A1 (zh) * 2021-11-23 2023-06-01 林勇 气垫列车及轨道

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014117165A1 (de) * 2014-11-24 2016-05-25 Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg Fahrzeugintegriertes Sicht- und Reinigungssystem

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WO2023092645A1 (zh) * 2021-11-23 2023-06-01 林勇 气垫列车及轨道

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DK2701960T3 (da) 2019-11-11
EP2701960A1 (en) 2014-03-05
ES2753536T3 (es) 2020-04-13
US10293803B2 (en) 2019-05-21
EP2701960B1 (en) 2019-08-07
PL2701960T3 (pl) 2020-01-31
US20170028999A1 (en) 2017-02-02
LT2701960T (lt) 2019-12-10
PT2701960T (pt) 2019-11-18

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