US20140193204A1 - Tubbing having a thermoplastic sealing layer - Google Patents

Tubbing having a thermoplastic sealing layer Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140193204A1
US20140193204A1 US14/206,519 US201414206519A US2014193204A1 US 20140193204 A1 US20140193204 A1 US 20140193204A1 US 201414206519 A US201414206519 A US 201414206519A US 2014193204 A1 US2014193204 A1 US 2014193204A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubbing
thermoplastic
sealing layer
sealing
thermoplastic sealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/206,519
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English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich K. WEBER
Klaus Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sika Technology AG
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Sika Technology AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US20140193204A1 publication Critical patent/US20140193204A1/en
Assigned to SIKA TECHNOLOGY AG reassignment SIKA TECHNOLOGY AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WEBER, ULRICH K., MEYER, KLAUS
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a concrete tubbing for lining a tunnel, such as a traffic tunnel.
  • prefabricated steel-reinforced concrete parts have been used for the inner shell.
  • These prefabricated concrete parts called “tubbings” in technical jargon, are prefabricated in prefabrication plants, stored for a period of time until they reach the specified concrete strength, and then placed in the tunnel tubes for installation as needed. There, they are picked up by a tubbing setting device, the so-called “erector,” and assembled into a tubbing ring under the protection of the shield of the tunnel drilling machine. After the tunnel drilling machine has advanced while supporting itself with hydraulic jacks against the most recently installed tubbings, a new tubbing ring is fitted in under protection of the shield. In this manner the machine works its way through the soil “tubbing ring by tubbing ring,” wherein the annular gap remaining between the tunnel lining (tubbing ring) and the soil is continuously filled with mortar, for example to prevent subsidence.
  • a tubbing for lining a tunnel comprising: a concrete tubbing having a convexly curved outer surface and a concavely curved inner surface opposite the outer surface; and a thermoplastic sealing layer provided on the convexly curved outer surface of the concrete tubbing, the thermoplastic sealing layer also being arranged on other outside surfaces of the concrete tubbing adjacent the convexly curved outer surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lateral cross section through an exemplary tubbing
  • FIG. 2 shows an additional lateral cross section through an exemplary tubbing
  • FIG. 3 shows parts of an additional lateral cross section through an exemplary tubbing with an injection opening
  • FIG. 4 shows parts of a lateral cross section through two exemplary tubbings connected on the blind side
  • FIG. 5 shows parts of a lateral view of an exemplary tubbing without a thermoplastic sealing layer.
  • the present disclosure is directed to, for example, improving tubbings by increasing their impermeability to moisture located on the outside of the tubbing ring and their durability, especially against corrosive groundwater.
  • a tubbing which is made of concrete for lining a tunnel, such as a traffic tunnel, wherein the tubbing has a convexly curved outer surface and a concavely curved inner surface opposite the outer surface and wherein the tubbing is provided with a thermoplastic sealing layer on its outer surface. Furthermore, the thermoplastic sealing layer is arranged on all of the outside surfaces that face the outer surface.
  • the tubbing can have a segmented ring structure with a concavely curved inner surface, which in the installed state faces the interior of the tunnel, and an opposite, convexly curved outer surface, which in the installed state faces the surrounding soil.
  • These two surfaces are attached on the sides over four additional surfaces, two longitudinal side surfaces, which in the installed state abut against the corresponding longitudinal side surfaces of the adjacent tubbings of the same tubbing ring, and two front faces, which in the installed state abut against the corresponding face surfaces of the adjacent tubbings of an adjacent tubbing ring.
  • the tubbing has, for example, a recess that extends around the outer surface in a frame shape, and the sealing layer engages in the recess.
  • This sealing layer can fill the recess at least partially, and especially completely.
  • tubbings in accordance with exemplary embodiments no separate second work step is necessary for final sealing of the concavely curved outer surfaces of the tubbings facing the exterior of the tunnel.
  • a possible second tubbing ring also is not needed.
  • tubbings with low wall thicknesses may be used and manufactured, since they are far superior to conventional tubbings in terms of impermeability to water and durability against corrosive groundwater. Both of these facts result in lower space requirements of the tunnel wall and thus to a gain in interior space and reduction of the required amount of construction material.
  • tubbing disclosed herein can permit the use of alternative, less watertight and less corrosion-resistant concrete types.
  • tubbing rings made from tubbings as disclosed herein can have excellent seepage resistance and impermeability.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lateral cross section through a tubbing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment disclosed herein.
  • the tubbing 1 is provided with a thermoplastic sealing layer 4 on its convexly curved outer surface 2 .
  • the thermoplastic sealing layer is further arranged on all sides of the outside surfaces facing the outer surface (longitudinal side surfaces 7 and front side surfaces 8 ); the two longitudinal side surfaces 7 are shown in FIG. 1 .
  • excellent adhesion of the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 to the tubbing and high seepage resistance are guaranteed.
  • a greater sealing effect is achieved at abutment points between two tubbings.
  • thermoplastic sealing layer 4 can be connected over its full surface to the outer surface 2 , for example, cemented, leading to improvement in the seepage resistance.
  • thermoplastic sealing layer 4 To be optimally suited as a thermoplastic sealing layer 4 , it should be as watertight as possible and should not break down or be mechanically damaged even under prolonged exposure to water or moisture.
  • Especially suitable exemplary thermoplastic sealing layers are such materials as are already used in the prior art for waterproofing in surface and underground construction.
  • thermoplastic sealing layer is made of a material with a softening point above 110° C., for example, between 140° C. and 170° C.
  • the thermoplastic sealing layer should advantageously have at least a slight degree of elasticity in order, for example, to compensate for stresses caused by temperature-related differences in extension between the thermoplastic sealing layer and tubbing, without the thermoplastic sealing layer being damaged or tearing and the sealing function of this sealing layer being impaired.
  • thermoplastic sealing layer can contain thermoplastic polyolefins and/or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the thermoplastic sealing layer can, for example, include material selected from the group comprising (e.g., consisting of) high-density polyethylene (HDPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO).
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • MDPE medium-density polyethylene
  • LDPE low-density polyethylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PE polypropylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PA polyamide
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • TPO thermoplastic polyolefins
  • thermoplastic sealing layer can, for example, comprise (e.g., consists of) 50% by weight, especially preferably more than 80% by weight of the aforementioned materials.
  • the thermoplastic sealing layer can, for example, have a layer thickness in the millimeter range, for example between 0.2 and 15 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm.
  • thermoplastic sealing layer 4 on the side facing the convexly curved outer surface 2 can be surface treated.
  • Surface treatments such as corona treatment, fluorination and flame treatment of the thermoplastic sealing layer can improve the adhesion of the thermoplastic sealing layer on the tubbing.
  • a nonwoven material can also be applied at the aforementioned location to improve the adhesive strength.
  • the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 can have a water-swellable profile 6 , which is arranged on the side facing away from the outside surfaces ( 7 , 8 ), as is apparent in FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 .
  • the water-swellable profile 6 contains water-swellable materials.
  • water-swellable materials is defined in the present document as materials whose volume increases several fold upon contact with water, for example to 200-1000% of their original volume. In addition to the volume increase, certain water-swellable materials can also react chemically with water. Examples of such water-swellable materials include polyurethane-based, especially silane-modified polymers, which cure with moisture to form an elastic product. Additional examples of such swellable materials are bentonite-butyl rubbers or the acrylate-based polymers summarized under the name of “superabsorbers” (Superabsorbent Polymers, SAP), such as copolymers of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate, for example from BASF SE, Germany.
  • SAP Superabsorbent Polymers
  • the water-swellable profile 6 contains additional materials that are described in the preceding as preferred for the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 .
  • This can be advantageous in that the water-swellable profile 6 can bond well with the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 , for example by welding, cementing and/or vulcanization.
  • the arrangement of the water-swellable profile 6 shown by way of example in FIG. 2 is advantageous in that as a result thereof, the water-swellable profile 6 comes to lie at the abutment sites between two tubbings, as is apparent for example in FIG. 4 .
  • Contact with water, for example from the soil causes swelling of the water-swellable profile 6 , and thus leads to swelling pressure in the area of the abutment sites between two tubbings and consequently an increase in the sealing effect.
  • the tubbing advantageously can have a recess 5 extending around the outer surface 2 in a frame shape, and the sealing layer 4 engages with this recess, as can be seen for example in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a lateral view of the recess 5 of the tubbing extending around the outer surface 2 in a frame shape without the thermoplastic sealing layer.
  • the sealing layer can fill the recess at least partially, or especially completely.
  • the recess is arranged in the contact area of the outer surface 2 with the outside surfaces 7 and 8 .
  • This has the exemplary advantage, among others, that the tubbing is less liable to be damaged during manufacturing, transport or installation, since mechanical peak loads occur particularly at the side edges.
  • thermoplastic sealing layers that touch one another can be enlarged and consequently a higher sealing effect is achieved.
  • the tubbing advantageously can have a sealing groove 9 that extends around the outside surfaces ( 7 , 8 ), in which a sealing body 10 is arranged, as is apparent in FIG. 2 .
  • the sealing groove is formed in the tubbing by molding and a sealing body is present therein, for example pressed in.
  • the sealing body 10 is for example a hollow body.
  • Particularly suitable materials for this sealing body are materials that are known as sealing materials for sealing rings and/or the materials described as swellable materials in the preceding.
  • this sealing body 10 comprises (e.g., consists of) ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM).
  • the tubbing can have a sealing coating 11 between the outer surface 2 and the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 , as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 .
  • This sealing coating can be selected from the group comprising (e.g., consisting of) methacrylate resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane and polyurea.
  • a particularly preferred sealing coating is epoxy resin.
  • Such a sealing coating 11 can be advantageous in that it protects the tubbing from penetration of moisture. In addition, this strengthens the sealing effect of the tubbing. Furthermore, during production of the tubbing, extensive moisture loss during curing of the green body can be prevented.
  • This sealing coating 11 is for example applied to the tubbing by spraying or spreading on.
  • this sealing coating 11 can also be advantageous for this sealing coating 11 to be at least partially arranged on all outside surfaces ( 7 , 8 ), especially on the area between the recess 5 and the sealing groove 9 , as is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • sealing body 10 all materials may be considered which are suitable for reducing or preventing the passage of liquids, especially water.
  • the sealing body can comprise (e.g., consists of) a thermoplastic or a thermoplastic elastomer.
  • Thermoplastic elastomers can have an advantage that the sealing body thus produced has good elasticity in the face of horizontal and vertical displacements, especially displacements caused by mechanical stresses in the structure. Good elasticity of the sealing body prevents tearing or separation of the sealing body and thus failure of the seal.
  • thermoplastic elastomers are defined in this document as plastics which combine the mechanical properties of vulcanized elastomers with the workability of thermoplastics.
  • thermoplastic elastomers are block copolymers with hard and soft segments or so-called polymer alloys with corresponding thermoplastic and elastomeric components.
  • Additional advantageous materials for sealing bodies are materials selected from the group comprising (e.g., consisting of) acrylate compounds, polyurethane polymers, silane-terminated polymers and polyolefins.
  • the tubbing advantageously can have an adhesive layer 12 between the outer surface 2 and the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 .
  • Possible adhesive layers 12 are all materials that are suitable for ensuring a strong bond of the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 on the tubbing.
  • the adhesive layer can comprise (e.g., consists of) a structural adhesive, such as a reactive adhesive based on phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide or polyurethane, a pressure-sensitive adhesive and/or a hot-melt adhesive.
  • a structural adhesive such as a reactive adhesive based on phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide or polyurethane, a pressure-sensitive adhesive and/or a hot-melt adhesive.
  • Structural adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives and hot-melt adhesives are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described in CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon [Encyclopedia of Chemistry], Version 1.0, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart.
  • the adhesive layer 12 can be the sealing coating 11 (i.e., the sealing coating 11 ), which in addition to its waterproofing function, also produces a bond between the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 and the outer surface 2 of the tubbing.
  • the tubbing can have injection openings 13 . These penetrate the tubbing from the convexly curved outer surface to the concavely curved inner surface; they also penetrate the thermoplastic sealing layer 4 . These allow injection of injection material after the tubbing rings are joined together, thus in the installed state, from the inside of the tubbing rings into the area between the surrounding soil and the convexly curved outer surface. For example, after or during the withdrawal of the protective shield, the annular gap remaining between the tunnel construction (tubbing ring) and the surrounding soil is continuously filled with mortar.
  • additional injection material can be forced through the injection openings 13 into the area between the tubbing ring, (e.g., the thermoplastic sealing layers of the tubbings forming the tubbing ring), and the mortar-filled annular gap. In this way the injection openings 13 and the intermediate area are closed fluid-tight.
  • the injection material after introduction into the intermediate area, is hardened and expanded and/or is water-swellable in the hardened state.
  • the injection material can be advantageously selected from the list comprising (e.g., consisting of) polyurethane, epoxy resin, acrylates and mineral binders.
  • the injection material contains water-swellable materials.
  • the injection material includes products of the Sika® injection series, such as Sika® Injection-201 CE, Sika® Injection-201 RC, Sika® Injection-203, Sika® Injection-451, Sika® Injection-304, Sika® Injection-305, Sika® Injection-306, or the Sika® InjectoCem series, such as Sika® InjectoCem-190 or Sikadur®-52 Injection.
  • Sika® injection series such as Sika® Injection-201 CE, Sika® Injection-201 RC, Sika® Injection-203, Sika® Injection-451, Sika® Injection-304, Sika® Injection-305, Sika® Injection-306, or the Sika® InjectoCem series, such as Sika® InjectoCem-190 or Sikadur®-52 Injection.
  • this can be injected, using a one- or two-component pump, through filling and injection tubing (injection packers) under pressure through the injection openings 13 into the intermediate area.
  • the tubbing can be advantageously suitable for tunnel structures with a diameter of, for example, 0.5-50 m.
  • An additional aspect of the present disclosure relates to a structure, such as a tunnel, containing a tubbing as disclosed herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
US14/206,519 2011-09-12 2014-03-12 Tubbing having a thermoplastic sealing layer Abandoned US20140193204A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11180966.1 2011-09-12
EP11180966A EP2568113A1 (de) 2011-09-12 2011-09-12 Tübbing mit thermoplastischer Schottschicht
PCT/EP2012/067725 WO2013037766A1 (de) 2011-09-12 2012-09-11 Tübbing mit thermoplastischer schottschicht

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/067725 Continuation WO2013037766A1 (de) 2011-09-12 2012-09-11 Tübbing mit thermoplastischer schottschicht

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US20140193204A1 true US20140193204A1 (en) 2014-07-10

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US14/206,519 Abandoned US20140193204A1 (en) 2011-09-12 2014-03-12 Tubbing having a thermoplastic sealing layer

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US (1) US20140193204A1 (pt)
EP (2) EP2568113A1 (pt)
JP (1) JP2014529020A (pt)
CN (1) CN103717836A (pt)
BR (1) BR112014003991A2 (pt)
IN (1) IN2014MN00189A (pt)
RU (1) RU2013155987A (pt)
WO (1) WO2013037766A1 (pt)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160053614A1 (en) * 2014-03-21 2016-02-25 Herrenknecht Ag Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element
EP3101041A1 (de) * 2015-06-04 2016-12-07 Sika Technology AG Acrylatzusammensetzung zum abdichten von tunnelbauwerken
US20210355827A1 (en) * 2018-07-02 2021-11-18 Herrenknecht Ag Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20150110519A (ko) * 2013-01-18 2015-10-02 시카 테크놀러지 아게 열가소성 장벽층을 지닌 라이닝 세그먼트를 제조하는 방법
DE102013109594A1 (de) * 2013-09-03 2015-03-19 MAX BÖGL Fertigteilwerke GmbH & Co. KG Tübbing mit einer gegossenen Schutzschicht sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Tübbings
FR3021346B1 (fr) * 2014-05-21 2016-07-29 Constructions Mec Consultants Element de construction pour la realisation d'un tunnel, tunnel comprenant un tel element et procedes de fabrication d'un tel element et d'un tel tunnel
CN106593487B (zh) * 2017-02-03 2018-09-11 天津大学 用于隧道联络通道处冻结法施工的可拆卸钢管段施工方法
JP7131105B2 (ja) 2018-06-11 2022-09-06 日本製鉄株式会社 セグメント

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US3483664A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-12-16 Celotex Corp Roofing system
GB2214994A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-09-13 Charcon Tunnels Ltd Caulking materials
JPH03212600A (ja) * 1990-01-17 1991-09-18 Uchida Yoshikazu 防食層を設けたセグメント
US5143766A (en) * 1990-02-09 1992-09-01 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Self-adhesive bituminous roofing and sealing web with cover sheet
US5496615A (en) * 1991-03-01 1996-03-05 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Waterproofing membrane
US6444719B1 (en) * 1998-08-06 2002-09-03 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Method for producing crystalline methacrylic resin and plastic foam
US20080104917A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Whelan Brian J Self-adhering waterproofing membrane
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160053614A1 (en) * 2014-03-21 2016-02-25 Herrenknecht Ag Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element
EP3101041A1 (de) * 2015-06-04 2016-12-07 Sika Technology AG Acrylatzusammensetzung zum abdichten von tunnelbauwerken
US20210355827A1 (en) * 2018-07-02 2021-11-18 Herrenknecht Ag Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements
US11834950B2 (en) * 2018-07-02 2023-12-05 Herrenknecht Ag Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN2014MN00189A (pt) 2015-08-21
WO2013037766A1 (de) 2013-03-21
RU2013155987A (ru) 2015-10-20
JP2014529020A (ja) 2014-10-30
EP2756168A1 (de) 2014-07-23
CN103717836A (zh) 2014-04-09
EP2568113A1 (de) 2013-03-13
BR112014003991A2 (pt) 2017-03-07

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