US20140080392A1 - Abrasive flap disc - Google Patents

Abrasive flap disc Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20140080392A1
US20140080392A1 US14/028,708 US201314028708A US2014080392A1 US 20140080392 A1 US20140080392 A1 US 20140080392A1 US 201314028708 A US201314028708 A US 201314028708A US 2014080392 A1 US2014080392 A1 US 2014080392A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
abrasive
flap disc
lamellae
grit
fabric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/028,708
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gerd Eisenblaetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PPR GmbH
Original Assignee
PPR GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=48803354&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20140080392(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE102012021267.4A external-priority patent/DE102012021267B4/de
Application filed by PPR GmbH filed Critical PPR GmbH
Assigned to PPR GMBH reassignment PPR GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EISENBLAETTER, GERD
Publication of US20140080392A1 publication Critical patent/US20140080392A1/en
Priority to US16/598,507 priority Critical patent/US11667010B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/14—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face
    • B24D13/16—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face comprising pleated flaps or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an abrasive flap disc having a carrier plate and abrasive lamellae, which are attached in a fan shape around a central opening, made of abrasive fabric, comprising a base fabric and abrasive grit applied to the base fabric.
  • Abrasive flap discs according to the species are known from the prior art and are described, for example, in DE 85 20 750 U1, DE 299 10 931 U1, and DE 20 2004 005 538 U1, to which reference is hereby made with respect to the construction and the use of abrasive flap discs according to the species.
  • the essential elements of such an abrasive flap disc are a carrier plate and abrasive lamellae, which are attached on the carrier plate around a central opening in the carrier plate and overlapping one another. The attachment of the abrasive flap disc to a suitable drive machine occurs via the central opening within the carrier plate.
  • the conventionally rectangular, for example, square abrasive lamellae consist of an abrasive fabric, which has an abrasive grit carried by a base fabric.
  • the abrasive grit frequently comprises so-called oxide ceramics, for example, the high-performance ceramics zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), in particular in the form of the rhombohedral modification ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ; corundum).
  • oxide ceramics for example, the high-performance ceramics zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), in particular in the form of the rhombohedral modification ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ; corundum).
  • the object of the invention is to specify an abrasive flap disc, which allows optimum utilization of the grinding potential of an abrasive flap disc and which has lower production costs simultaneously.
  • the abrasive grit is a grit mixture which consists of 25% to 75% zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and of 25% to 75% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
  • the grit mixture therefore exclusively consists of these two components, which, when mixed together in the predefined ratio, supplement one another to form 100% of the grit mixture used.
  • the percentage specifications specified in the present case describe proportion ratios with respect to mass per volume or volume per volume, but very particularly with respect to mass per mass.
  • a further essential aspect of the invention is that contrary to the strategy previously known in the prior art for improving the performance of abrasive flap discs according to the species, a reduced number of abrasive lamellae per abrasive flap disc is optimum in addition to the use of the special grit mixture.
  • the carrier plate is equipped with a total of 30 to 46 abrasive lamellae per abrasive flap disc. Due to the lower number of abrasive lamellae, they can be arranged at a substantially smaller angle of attack in relation to the support surface of the carrier plate, whereby outstanding grinding results are made possible.
  • Optimum utilization of the grinding potential of the abrasive flap disc is only achieved in this specific numeric range of abrasive lamellae per carrier plate according to the invention in conjunction with the above-specified specific composition of the two-component grit mixture.
  • the present invention is thereby distinguished by the special interaction between the defined composition of the employed two-component grit mixture and the number of abrasive lamellae having this grit mixture per carrier plate.
  • the targeted formation of an abrasive flap disc in consideration of only these two factors “number of the abrasive lamellae” and “ratio of the two abrasive grit components zirconium dioxide and aluminum dioxide” according to the above statements result in abrasive flap discs having outstanding properties with respect to service life, grinding result, and cost-effectiveness.
  • the grit mixture of the abrasive grit consists of 50% to 75% and in particular 70% to 75% zirconium dioxide and of 25% to 50% and in particular 25% to 30% aluminum oxide. These proportion ratios of the two abrasive grit components have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • the grit mixture provided according to the invention unfolds its full abrasive potential at grain sizes of 40, 50, or 60, in particular 50, according to CAMI (Coated Abrasive Manufacturing Institute) grain size specification.
  • CAMI Coated Abrasive Manufacturing Institute
  • These grain size specifications designate at 40 a grit mixture having an average particle diameter of 425 ⁇ m, at 50 a grit mixture having an average particle diameter of 348 ⁇ m, and at 60 grit mixture having an average particle diameter of 265 ⁇ m.
  • abrasive lamellae is also preferable with respect to the overall performance of an abrasive flap disc according to the invention.
  • the number of abrasive lamellae per abrasive flap disc is 44.
  • the optimum angle of attack of the individual abrasive lamellae in relation to the external surface of the carrier plate is in the range between 3° and 13°, in particular in the range from 9° to 12°.
  • This comparatively flat angle of attack of the surface plane of the grinding lamellae in relation to the support surface of the carrier plate provides optimum usage results of the grinding potential of the abrasive lamellae of an abrasive flap disc.
  • all abrasive lamellae of an abrasive flap disc are arranged at the same angle of attack on the carrier plate and are offset in relation to the respective neighboring abrasive lamellae in each case by the same angular amount relative to the axis of rotation of the abrasive flap disc.
  • the abrasive fabric typically comprises a base fabric, to which the grit mixture is applied.
  • the base fabric is therefore used as a support means for the grit mixture.
  • the base fabric preferably consists of polyester or of a mixture of polyester and cotton.
  • the abrasive fabric can have further additives, for example, for bonding the abrasive grit to the base fabric and/or for modifying the abrasive properties of the abrasive flap disc. It has proven to be advantageous here if the abrasive fabric contains calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) as a filler. Additionally or alternatively, the abrasive fabric ideally has phenol resin as a binder.
  • CaCO 3 calcium carbonate
  • the abrasive fabric ideally has phenol resin as a binder.
  • the proportions of the components present in the abrasive fabric can vary in a broad spectrum. However, to obtain optimum grinding results and longer usage intervals it has proven to be advantageous if the proportion of the two components of the grit mixture is in specific ranges with respect to the overall abrasive fabric. Ideally, the proportion of the grit mixture per se is 25% to 70% of the total mass of the abrasive fabric.
  • the mass proportion of zirconium dioxide in the abrasive fabric is 20% to 50%, in particular 25% to 35%, and very particularly 30% to 32%
  • the mass proportion of aluminum oxide in the abrasive fabric is 6% to 20%, in particular 6% to 15%, and very particularly 7% to 10%.
  • the advantages according to the invention can fundamentally be achieved with abrasive flap discs over the entire size spectrum of abrasive flap discs used.
  • the diameter of the abrasive flap disc according to the above embodiments is in the range between 110 mm and 130 mm, preferably 115 mm or 125 mm.
  • the diameter of the abrasive flap disc is the edge distance of two points lying on the edge of the abrasive flap disc, whose connecting straight line extends through the axis of rotation of the abrasive flap disc.
  • the individual abrasive lamellae are ideally between 24 mm and 30 mm wide and preferably between 24 mm and 25 mm wide at a disc diameter of 115 mm and preferably 27 mm to 30 mm wide at a disc diameter of 125 mm.
  • the individual abrasive lamellae are also additionally or alternatively preferably 19 mm to 26 mm long.
  • Abrasive lamellae having identical dimensions are preferably used for an abrasive flap disc.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of the front side or grinding side, respectively, of an abrasive flap disc
  • FIG. 2 shows a lateral sectional view along line I-I from FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 shows an individual abrasive lamellae in a top view.
  • Essential elements of the abrasive flap disc 1 are a carrier plate 2 in the form of a circular disk having a central opening 3 and abrasive lamellae 4 arranged on the grinding side of the abrasive flap disc 1 on the outer side of the carrier plate 2 .
  • Each abrasive lamellae 4 has a rectangular shape.
  • One surface of the abrasive lamellae are provided with abrasive grid. The other surface is connected to the carrier plate 2 , for example, via glued bonds, overlapping one another in the form of a fan and circularly around the passage opening 3 peripherally to the outer edge of the carrier plate 2 .
  • the arrangement of rectangular abrasive lamellae 4 leads to a good overlapping at the outer circumference of the abrasive flap disc 1 and little overlapping at the inner area of the abrasive flap disc 1 .
  • the abrasive flap disc has an outer diameter D of 125 mm.
  • the abrasive flap disc 1 can also have indentations for accommodating a fastening nut, in particular in the region of the central opening 3 , fastening means, for example, a thread or other such features which are used in such a abrasive flap discs in the prior art and go beyond the basic structure indicated in FIG. 1 .
  • the central opening 3 is designed receive a driving shaft of a driving machine and a fastening disc on the driving shaft (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line I-I from FIG. 1 .
  • the individual abrasive lamellae 4 consist of an abrasive fabric 8 , comprising a base fabric 6 and abrasive grit 7 applied to the base fabric 6 , which is shown as a layer for reasons of clarity in FIG. 2 and specifically comprises manifold abrasive grains, in the present exemplary embodiment having an average particle size of 348 ⁇ m (grain size 50 according to CAMI).
  • the abrasive lamellae 4 are arranged overlapping one another around the center point of the passage opening 3 .
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view along line I-I from FIG. 1 .
  • the individual abrasive lamellae 4 consist of an abrasive fabric 8 , comprising a base fabric 6 and abrasive grit 7 applied to the base fabric 6 , which is shown as a layer for reasons of clarity in FIG. 2 and specifically comprises manif
  • the entirety of the abrasive lamellae 4 are shown as the abrasive lamellae layer 4 ′ and the individual abrasive lamella 4 a from FIG. 1 is indicated in this layer as an example.
  • the flat abrasive lamellae 4 are arranged inclined at an angle of attack a in relation to the circular outer surface or support surface(s) of the carrier plate 2 .
  • the support surface O is a support surface on the carrier plate 2 extending substantially transversely to the axis of rotation R of the abrasive flap disc 1 .
  • the total of 36 abrasive lamellae 4 are implemented uniformly and are each arranged at an angular interval of 10° to one another uniformly distributed around the axis of rotation R of the abrasive flap disc 1 .
  • the abrasive fabric 8 comprises, in addition to a grit mixture, consisting of a mixture of zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide, further components, for example, calcium carbonate as a filler and phenol resin as a binder.
  • the grit mixture of the abrasive grit consists of 70% zirconium oxide and 30% aluminum oxide, in relation to the mass proportions of the two components to the total mass of the grit mixture.
  • the mass proportions and percentage mass/mass are zirconium oxide 30% and aluminum oxide 13%.
  • the further mass proportions of the abrasive fabric 8 originate, inter alia, from the base fabric 6 consisting of polyester and further components contained in the abrasive fabric 8 , for example, the filler calcium carbonate and the binder phenol resin.
  • a single abrasive lamella 4 of the abrasive lamellae from FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in a top view in FIG. 3 .
  • This individual abrasive lamella 4 has a width B of 28 mm and a length L of 20 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US14/028,708 2012-09-18 2013-09-17 Abrasive flap disc Abandoned US20140080392A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/598,507 US11667010B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2019-10-10 Abrasive flap disc

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012018435 2012-09-18
DE102012018435.2 2012-09-18
DE102012021267.4A DE102012021267B4 (de) 2012-09-18 2012-10-29 Fächerschleifscheibe
DE102012021267.4 2012-10-29

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/598,507 Continuation US11667010B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2019-10-10 Abrasive flap disc

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140080392A1 true US20140080392A1 (en) 2014-03-20

Family

ID=48803354

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/028,708 Abandoned US20140080392A1 (en) 2012-09-18 2013-09-17 Abrasive flap disc
US16/598,507 Active 2036-01-14 US11667010B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2019-10-10 Abrasive flap disc

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/598,507 Active 2036-01-14 US11667010B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2019-10-10 Abrasive flap disc

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US20140080392A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2708326B8 (de)
ES (1) ES2553006T3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180042290A (ko) * 2015-08-21 2018-04-25 아우구스트 뤼게베르크 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 연삭 공구 및 이러한 유형의 연삭 공구를 제조하기 위한 방법
US11363934B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2022-06-21 Acs Industries, Inc. Rotary segmented floor stripping pad
US20220258305A1 (en) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-18 David Edens Double-Sided Flap Disc for Use with a Mounted Grinder

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015011442A1 (de) 2015-09-01 2017-03-02 Gerd Eisenblätter Gmbh Fächerschleifscheibe, Tragteller dafür und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867795A (en) * 1973-10-16 1975-02-25 Norton Co Composite resinoid bonded abrasive wheels
US4718204A (en) * 1985-07-18 1988-01-12 Eisenblaetter Gerd Lamellar end grinding wheel
US5752876A (en) * 1995-10-23 1998-05-19 Weiler Brush Company, Inc. Flap disc abrasive tool
US6582289B1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2003-06-24 Vereinigte Schmirgel - Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag Flap disc
US6808446B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2004-10-26 Elliott Industries Limited Abrasive flap disc
US20050137078A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Alumina-yttria particles and methods of making the same
US7727056B2 (en) * 2004-03-03 2010-06-01 Cibo N.V. Sanding element

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB976248A (en) 1960-05-03 1964-11-25 Carborundum Co An abrasive article of manufacture
US3181939A (en) 1961-01-27 1965-05-04 Norton Co Fused alumina-zirconia abrasives
GB1233997A (de) 1968-04-10 1971-06-03
GB1392618A (en) 1971-06-03 1975-04-30 Norton Co Abrasive material
ZA728357B (en) 1971-12-02 1973-08-29 Norton Co Cut off wheels
DE8506607U1 (de) * 1985-03-07 1985-04-18 Fa. August Rüggeberg, 5277 Marienheide Schleifwerkzeug
DE8520750U1 (de) 1985-07-18 1987-08-06 Eisenblätter, Gerd, 8192 Geretsried Grundteller für eine Fächerschleifscheibe
FR2787106B1 (fr) 1998-12-09 2002-01-04 Produits Refractaires Grains ceramiques fondus alumine-zircone, outils abrasifs et pieces refractaires produits a partir de ces grains
DE29910931U1 (de) 1999-06-22 1999-08-26 Eisenblaetter Gerd Gmbh Werkzeugträger
DE20006127U1 (de) 2000-04-03 2000-07-06 Lukas Erzett Schleif Fraes Schleiflamelle und Schleifteller mit einer Mehrzahl von solchen
FR2832088B1 (fr) * 2001-11-13 2004-12-31 Thierry Grasser Disque abrasif a lamelles
DE202004004027U1 (de) 2004-03-12 2005-07-28 RHODIUS Oualitätsschleifmittel GmbH & Co KG Fächerschleifscheibe
DE202004005538U1 (de) 2004-04-12 2004-08-12 Gerd Eisenblätter Gmbh Schleifscheibe
DE102006043989A1 (de) 2006-09-19 2008-03-27 Gerd Eisenblätter Gmbh Lamellenschleifscheibe
DE202007007839U1 (de) 2007-06-01 2008-07-03 Düppe, Götz Lamellenschleifscheibe
JP5555453B2 (ja) 2008-07-24 2014-07-23 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 研磨材製品、その製造方法及び使用方法
DE202009007564U1 (de) * 2009-05-27 2010-10-14 Lukas-Erzett Vereinigte Schleif- Und Fräswerkzeugfabriken Gmbh & Co. Kg Schleiflamelle und Schleifwerkzeug mit mehreren solcher Schleiflamellen
DE102010019242B4 (de) 2010-05-03 2012-01-19 Spinnweberei Uhingen Gmbh Textiles Trägermaterial für Schleifmittel und Schleifmittelmaterial

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867795A (en) * 1973-10-16 1975-02-25 Norton Co Composite resinoid bonded abrasive wheels
US4718204A (en) * 1985-07-18 1988-01-12 Eisenblaetter Gerd Lamellar end grinding wheel
US5752876A (en) * 1995-10-23 1998-05-19 Weiler Brush Company, Inc. Flap disc abrasive tool
US6582289B1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2003-06-24 Vereinigte Schmirgel - Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag Flap disc
US6808446B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2004-10-26 Elliott Industries Limited Abrasive flap disc
US20050137078A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Alumina-yttria particles and methods of making the same
US7727056B2 (en) * 2004-03-03 2010-06-01 Cibo N.V. Sanding element

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180042290A (ko) * 2015-08-21 2018-04-25 아우구스트 뤼게베르크 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 연삭 공구 및 이러한 유형의 연삭 공구를 제조하기 위한 방법
KR102340572B1 (ko) 2015-08-21 2021-12-17 아우구스트 뤼게베르크 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 연삭 공구 및 이러한 유형의 연삭 공구를 제조하기 위한 방법
US11273535B2 (en) * 2015-08-21 2022-03-15 Pferd Milwaukee Brush Company, Inc. Abrasive tool and method for producing an abrasive tool of this kind
US11363934B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2022-06-21 Acs Industries, Inc. Rotary segmented floor stripping pad
US20220258305A1 (en) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-18 David Edens Double-Sided Flap Disc for Use with a Mounted Grinder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2708326A2 (de) 2014-03-19
US11667010B2 (en) 2023-06-06
US20200180114A1 (en) 2020-06-11
EP2708326B1 (de) 2015-09-02
EP2708326A3 (de) 2014-07-23
ES2553006T3 (es) 2015-12-03
EP2708326B8 (de) 2016-03-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11667010B2 (en) Abrasive flap disc
CN109789532B (zh) 具有静电取向的磨料颗粒的非织造磨料制品及其制造方法
JP5859151B2 (ja) 成形研磨粒子を有する被覆研磨物品を作製する方法及び得られる製品
JP4681120B2 (ja) 扇状砥石車
US8207077B2 (en) Abrasion-resistant sintered body, sliding member, and pump
WO2016067857A1 (ja) 研磨材及び研磨材の製造方法
CN207823118U (zh) 一种扇面组合磨盘
UA121498C2 (uk) Шліфувальний диск
JP2007181884A (ja) 研磨布紙及びその製造法
CN102975132B (zh) 多功能磨削轮及有机发光二极管基板的磨削方法
TWI707746B (zh) 研磨材
DE102012021267B4 (de) Fächerschleifscheibe
JP6340142B2 (ja) 研磨材
CN212947334U (zh) 超细碳化硅耐磨干湿两用金相试样砂纸
ES2353572T3 (es) Una herramienta de corte en particular para materiales de piedra y similares.
JP4073414B2 (ja) 回転円盤カッター
JP2007098548A (ja) 砥石及びその製造方法
CN210414163U (zh) 一种新型石材研磨抛光干磨片
WO2022113449A1 (ja) 加工用シート、加工用砥石、加工用柱部材及びコアドリル
JP2008238299A (ja) 建材用加工刃物
JP2018034290A (ja) ディスク状砥石及びグラインダ
ES1221260U (es) Cabezal abrasivo.
JP3169086U (ja) 塗膜切削回転工具
TW202222498A (zh) 研磨墊
KR20080004712U (ko) 혼합 연마재를 적용한 연마 디스크

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: PPR GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EISENBLAETTER, GERD;REEL/FRAME:031350/0202

Effective date: 20130926

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION