US20140042676A1 - Device to inject solid material into a bath of liquid metal, and corresponding method - Google Patents

Device to inject solid material into a bath of liquid metal, and corresponding method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140042676A1
US20140042676A1 US14/112,839 US201214112839A US2014042676A1 US 20140042676 A1 US20140042676 A1 US 20140042676A1 US 201214112839 A US201214112839 A US 201214112839A US 2014042676 A1 US2014042676 A1 US 2014042676A1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
pipe
solid material
valve
seconds
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US14/112,839
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfredo Poloni
Marco Ansoldi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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Publication of US20140042676A1 publication Critical patent/US20140042676A1/en
Assigned to DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE SPA reassignment DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE SPA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ANSOLDI, MARCO, POLONI, ALFREDO
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • C22B9/103—Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
    • F27D3/0032—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state using an air-lock
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
    • B65G53/34—Details
    • B65G53/40—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B65G53/42—Nozzles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a device, and the corresponding method, to inject solid material under the bath, mostly in granular form, powder and/or particles, in order to minimize the time taken for the material to pass from the device to the bath, thus increasing the volume (weight) of the material introduced, so as to increase efficiency and generate appropriate and desired chemical reactions in a bath of liquid metal, or to add additives to the liquid metal to improve its quality, or for other reasons.
  • the present invention is mainly although not exclusively applied in processes for melting metals in electric arc furnaces (EAF) in order to improve the efficiency of such processes, to improve the quality of the product obtained, to reduce melting times, to increase the working life of the components that are subject to wear, to increase the energy efficiency of the solids introduced, given the same volume and/or efficiency, to reduce the volumes introduced and hence the consumption thereof, with a reduction in the purchasing costs, to reduce energy consumption, and to obtain other advantages as described hereafter.
  • EAF electric arc furnaces
  • Melting processes are known, which use electric arc furnaces to melt metal materials of various types and origin, and to obtain liquid metal to be sent to working processes downstream, such as for example casting, rolling or other.
  • burners oxygen lances and solid material injectors, of varying types and function, to improve the process conditions, reduce energy consumption, and limit wear on the parts, in particular the ends of the electrodes, forming foamy slag, and the refractory material that constitutes the hearth and parts of the lateral walls.
  • the carbonaceous material can be introduced into the bath together with the metal material to be melted, for example mixed with it both in the case of a continuous charge with a transporter, and also in the case of an intermittent charge with baskets.
  • the carbonaceous material can be injected into the bath by means of suitable lances disposed above, or even below, the upper level of the bath of liquid metal (meniscus), so as to mix with the bath and allow to achieve chemical reactions that promote the rapid development of the foamy slag.
  • suitable lances disposed above, or even below, the upper level of the bath of liquid metal (meniscus), so as to mix with the bath and allow to achieve chemical reactions that promote the rapid development of the foamy slag.
  • DE'113 describes an injector to inject solid material into a furnace, which is mounted horizontally on the wall and, substantially near its terminal end and outside the furnace, has a magnet that regulates the quantity of material to be injected.
  • This solution in no way allows to obtain an injection deep into the bath, keeping the injector outside and above the bath.
  • the regulation methods using the magnet it is not possible to obtain the emission speeds and energies required to obtain an injection of the carbonaceous material deep into the bath of liquid metal.
  • US'924 describes an injector to inject solid material through a thin channel made on the wall of the furnace, which leads into the bath of metal.
  • the injection of the solid material directly inside the bath does not allow to obtain an in-depth distribution and determines a loss of efficiency and a delay in the effect of the solid particles in the bath.
  • the pressure in the chamber used for loading the carbonaceous material must be higher than the pressure in the furnace, and this causes operational and management complications.
  • US'278 also has a solution similar to US'924, with an injector inserted into the furnace wall that leads out directly inside the bath of liquid metal, with the same disadvantages as described above.
  • GB'192 does not show an injector suitable to be applied to the wall of an electric furnace for melting metal, but shows a tank of solid material from which an adjustable quantity of material is extracted.
  • One purpose of the present invention is therefore to increase the efficiency of introducing the solid material, mostly in granular, powder and/or particle form, inside a bath of liquid metal in a melting process, in order to maximize the volume or weight of material introduced into the bath and the depth into the same, with the advantage that when it is under the bath it reacts with maximum yield.
  • Another purpose is to accelerate the start of the chemical reactions, involving all the liquid metal of the bath so as to maximize the final result of said reactions.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • an injection device is provided with high kinetic energy and high quantity of motion, to inject a discrete amount of solid material in particles, powder or granulated form, of varying grain size, for example comprised between 0.15 and 15-20 mm, preferably between 5 and 8 mm.
  • the injection device comprises a tubular pipe which can be applied on a lateral wall of a melting furnace so as to dispose its exit end inside the volume of the melting furnace, with a desired orientation with respect to the vertical, for example comprised between 15 and 70 degrees, above the meniscus of the liquid metal contained in the melting furnace.
  • the injection device is suitable to inject a predetermined amount of solid material inside the bath of liquid metal, substantially of any type in relation to the result to be obtained, for example carbonaceous material, slag formers such as for example lime, inert materials, slag, materials from demolitions, for example fluff from shredders, powders from fume sleeve filters, minerals of different types, etc.
  • slag formers such as for example lime, inert materials, slag
  • demolitions for example fluff from shredders, powders from fume sleeve filters, minerals of different types, etc.
  • the injection device upstream of the tubular pipe and associated with it, the injection device comprises a chamber or tank to contain the solid material, and emitter means able to be selectively connected to the chamber or tank, and configured and suitable to produce an impulsive jet of pre-compressed gaseous fluid which, in combination with an exit valve that can be selectively opened, disposed at one end of the pipe, determines the emission of an impulsive flow of the material contained in the chamber or tank, with high kinetic energy and high quantity of motion, such as to substantially reach the bottom of the hearth, passing through the whole layer of slag and the bath of liquid metal.
  • the impulsive jet of fluid consists of a high pressure gas that is introduced, making it expand, inside the chamber or tank containing the solid material, in a position upstream of the exit valve, in temporal coordination with the opening of the valve.
  • a speed to introduce the material is used which is more than 4 m/s, advantageously more than 8 m/s, even more preferably more than 9-10 m/s.
  • the opening time of the valve which introduces the pressurized gas or air inside the tubular pipe of the device is less than 0.4 seconds, advantageously less than 0.3 seconds and even more advantageously less than 0.2 seconds.
  • the pressure of the gas introduced into the tubular pipe of the device to achieve the emission of the impulsive flow of material is higher than 5 bar, advantageously higher than 7 bar, even more advantageously higher than 8-10 bar.
  • the flow rate of material emitted with every impulsive emission cycle is advantageously higher than 2 kg/s, more advantageously higher than 3 kg/s, even more advantageously higher than 4-5 kg/s.
  • the opening time of the exit valve of the material, associated with the end of the tubular pipe of the device is comprised between 0.2 and 0.8 seconds, advantageously between 0.3 and 0.7 seconds, and even more advantageously between 0.4 and 0.6 seconds.
  • the values can be modified according to the height of the liquid bath into which the material is injected, which can vary according to the melting cycle under way.
  • the level of the liquid bath inside the furnace is very low, in the range of 200-400 mm, corresponding to the height of the “hot heel” that is always maintained inside the furnace.
  • This situation that is, the introduction of carbonaceous material at the end of tapping, is very important for the optimization of the process in that it is necessary that, when the new melting cycle starts, a foamy slag is obtained with a height and volume such as to guarantee the adequate cover of the electric arc and the material of the furnace that is subject to wear.
  • the introduction parameters mainly speed of flow, delivery rate and opening times of the valves, will be suitably calibrated in order to ensure that the bottom of the hearth is reached without ruining it by part of the jet of materials, and that the latter are distributed to affect the whole liquid bath.
  • the introduction parameters will be increased compared to the previous case concerning the post-tapping step, achieving the same advantages that the present invention allows to obtain.
  • the geometric parameters of the device for example length and diameter of the tubular pipe, distance of the exit end from the upper level of the bath, angle with respect to the vertical, etc., can also be modified both during the initial assembly step and also during the introduction of the material into the bath.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the present invention applied on a wall of an electric furnace
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of an electric furnace where an injection device according to FIG. 1 is applied;
  • FIG. 3 shows a device according to the present invention in a variant of FIG. 1 .
  • the reference number 10 denotes in its entirety a device to inject solid material in granular form, powder or particles, able to be applied to a panel that constitutes part of the lateral wall of an electric furnace 11 , in the case shown here the electric type (EAF).
  • EAF electric type
  • the electric furnace 11 during use, contains a bath of liquid metal 12 with an upper surface 12 a that can have a variable height, normally from a minimum of about 200-400 mm, usually corresponding to the “hot heel” that always remains inside the furnace, even after tapping, to a maximum of about 800-1000 mm, during the completion of the melting step and refining.
  • the liquid metal 12 can be covered by a layer of slag 13 normally having a height of about 200-500 mm when inactive.
  • the furnace 11 comprises a hearth 14 made of refractory material, which defines the bottom of the hearth 14 and lower part of the lateral walls, above which cooling panels 15 are disposed.
  • the whole thing is closed by a roof (not shown) through which the electrodes (also not shown) are inserted: all this is substantially known in the state of the art.
  • the device 10 is applied in cooperation with the cooling panels 15 and substantially comprises a tubular pipe 16 , having a diameter that can vary between 60 and 150-200 mm, advantageously between 80 and 120 mm, and a length that can vary between 800 and 1500 mm.
  • a lower end 16 a of the tubular pipe 16 is inside the electric furnace 11 , facing toward the liquid metal 12 for the injection of the solid material, and disposed during use above the level of the upper layer of slag 13 , and an upper end 16 b of the tubular pipe 16 is associated, that is, rigidly fixed, to a first exit valve 17 , and in axis with the latter.
  • the first exit valve 17 selectively connects the tubular pipe 16 with the lower end of a chamber or tank 18 , able to contain a predetermined and discrete quantity of material.
  • the tank 18 is elongated in shape and substantially aligned axially with the tubular pipe 16 .
  • a second valve 19 is associated with the upper end of the tank 18 .
  • a pipe 20 is associated with the second valve 19 , usable to feed the solid material in granules, powder or particles into the tank 18 .
  • the pipe 20 can be any type, and is connected to an accumulation tank, an automatic feed line or other apparatus to store and feed the solid material in powder or granular form of the type in question.
  • the pipe 20 can also be associated to deflector mechanisms and/or multi-way valves for connection to a plurality of tanks, each containing a material of a different type and grain size according to the type of processing and/or the processing step in progress.
  • pressurized gas for example air or preferably another, substantially inert gas
  • a valve 22 is provided along the pipe 21 in order to activate/de-activate the introduction of the pre-compressed gas upstream of the tank 18 , thus generating, in coordination with the opening of the first valve or exit valve 17 , the emission of an impulsive flow of material, indicated in FIG. 2 by the letter F, under the thrust of the pre-compressed jet of gas, which expands, toward the liquid metal 12 .
  • the tank has a zone 18 a of selective communication, thanks to the third valve 22 , with the pipe 21 , that is, a zone 18 a of the tank 18 , in correspondence with the coupling of the pipe 21 , where the pre-compressed gas enters, expanding, into the tank 18 : for the functioning of the device 10 the zone 18 a must preferably remain free of material.
  • the procedure for filling the tank 18 provides to close the first exit valve 17 , or exit valve, to open the second valve 19 , or entrance valve, and to activate a mechanism to feed the material (not shown, and generally known) through the pipe 20 .
  • the second valve 19 is closed and the device 10 is ready for the introduction of the material inside the liquid bath when the valves 17 and 22 are subsequently opened.
  • the material is introduced toward the liquid metal 12 by opening the first exit valve 17 and then, in rapid sequence, the third valve 22 , to allow the impulsive jet of pre-compressed gas to expand inside the tank 18 .
  • the impulsive jet of pre-compressed gas is mixed substantially instantaneously with the solid material in the tank 18 and draws it through the tubular pipe 16 , obtaining the emission of the impulsive flow F of material contained in the tank 18 with high kinetic energy and high quantity of motion through the tubular pipe 16 toward the liquid metal 12 .
  • the processing conditions, the result to be obtained, the quantity of liquid metal 12 inside the furnace 11 , the position and structure of the device 10 , the operating parameters of the device 10 can be regulated and varied to obtain the best functionality, even during the course of the introduction step itself.
  • the third valve 22 was opened for a time of less than 0.2 seconds.
  • the pressure of the pre-compressed gas introduced from the pipe 21 inside the tubular pipe 16 of the device 10 to achieve the emission of the impulsive flow F of material was higher than 8 bar.
  • the flow rate of material emitted with every impulsive cycle was higher than 4.5 kg/s, while the first exit valve 17 for the material was opened for between 0.4 and 0.6 seconds.
  • the overall cycle for the impulsive flow F of material was less than 1 second.
  • the flow rate of material injected into the liquid bath was about 5-6 kg/s, while the flow rate of the pressurized gas was about 40-70 l/s.
  • FIG. 3 shows another form of embodiment of an injection device 110 .
  • the same numbers are used to refer to components identical or corresponding to those shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the device 110 shown in FIG. 3 does not have the second introduction valve 19 to delivery the material, and the solid carbonaceous material is accumulated in the tank 18 , upstream of the pipe 16 , directly through the pipe 20 connected to an external silo (not shown), at a relatively low constant pressure, for example in the range of 1-2 bar.
  • the tank 18 is full, the device 110 is ready for the injection, at high speed and high energy.
  • the valve 22 for the air or other gas When the valve 22 for the air or other gas is opened and the introduction of the pressurized gas is activated and, in coordination, the exit valve 17 is opened, in the way and with the times as described above, the material in the tank 18 is shot through the pipe 16 into the liquid metal 12 at extremely high speed to obtain a high penetrating energy.
  • the pressure used for the expulsion is more than 5 bar, advantageously more than 7 bar, even more advantageously more than 8-10 bar, and is therefore much higher than the pressure at which the material is introduced inside the tank 18 ; thanks to the difference between these two pressures, during the expulsion, the introduction of material into the tank 18 is blocked.
  • the tank 18 When the introduction of the gas is finished, the tank 18 is automatically refilled and is ready for a new cycle to introduce material into the bath.
  • This variant allows to obtain a smaller device than the device in FIG. 1 , therefore having less weight, so as to be moved manually, without having recourse to cranes or other devices for mechanical movement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
US14/112,839 2011-04-18 2012-04-17 Device to inject solid material into a bath of liquid metal, and corresponding method Abandoned US20140042676A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000060A ITUD20110060A1 (it) 2011-04-18 2011-04-18 Dispositivo per l'iniezione di materiale solido in un bagno di metallo liquido, e relativo procedimento
ITUD2011A00060 2011-04-18
PCT/IB2012/000753 WO2012143774A1 (en) 2011-04-18 2012-04-17 Device to inject solid material into a bath of liquid metal, and corresponding method

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US20140042676A1 true US20140042676A1 (en) 2014-02-13

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US14/112,839 Abandoned US20140042676A1 (en) 2011-04-18 2012-04-17 Device to inject solid material into a bath of liquid metal, and corresponding method

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US (1) US20140042676A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2699862B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN103608635A (zh)
IT (1) ITUD20110060A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2013150141A (zh)
WO (1) WO2012143774A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140355642A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2014-12-04 Sms Siemag Ag Electric arc furnace and method of operating same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109210936B (zh) * 2018-10-18 2019-09-20 江苏新春兴再生资源有限责任公司 一种熔炼炉用的侧吹喷枪及使用方法

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5285735A (en) * 1991-07-16 1994-02-15 Diamond Engineering Co., Ltd. Control apparatus for injection quantity of pulverized coal to blast furnace
US5494381A (en) * 1991-04-11 1996-02-27 The Young Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for pneumatically conveying bulk materials

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DE927113C (de) * 1953-09-18 1955-04-28 Alfred Rexroth Pneumatisch betaetigte Beschickungsvorrichtung zum Einbringen von Schmelzgut
GB792192A (en) * 1954-06-03 1958-03-19 Ledloy Ltd Improvements in or relating to the addition of alloying elements and other substances to steel and other metals
US3199924A (en) * 1963-04-18 1965-08-10 Whirl Air Flow Corp Apparatus for injecting bulk solids into material contained in a vessel
US3239278A (en) * 1964-04-13 1966-03-08 Whirl Air Flow Corp Apparatus for injecting bulk solids into a vessel
US4110107A (en) 1977-06-16 1978-08-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Process for reducing molten furnace slags by carbon injection
DE3839095A1 (de) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-23 Fuchs Systemtechnik Gmbh Verfahren zum betrieb eines einschmelzaggregates und einschmelzaggregat fuer dieses verfahren
US6614831B2 (en) 2000-02-10 2003-09-02 Process Technology International, Inc. Mounting arrangement for auxiliary burner or lance
CN201647666U (zh) * 2009-11-20 2010-11-24 张家港市繁昌机械有限公司 物料稀相输送管路上的助流装置

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5494381A (en) * 1991-04-11 1996-02-27 The Young Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for pneumatically conveying bulk materials
US5285735A (en) * 1991-07-16 1994-02-15 Diamond Engineering Co., Ltd. Control apparatus for injection quantity of pulverized coal to blast furnace

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140355642A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2014-12-04 Sms Siemag Ag Electric arc furnace and method of operating same
US20180340734A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2018-11-29 Sms Group Gmbh Electric arc furnace and method of operating same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2013150141A (ru) 2015-05-27
CN103608635A (zh) 2014-02-26
WO2012143774A1 (en) 2012-10-26
EP2699862B1 (en) 2015-01-21
ITUD20110060A1 (it) 2012-10-19
EP2699862A1 (en) 2014-02-26

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Owner name: DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE SPA, ITALY

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