US20130341133A1 - Shovel and method of controlling shovel - Google Patents

Shovel and method of controlling shovel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130341133A1
US20130341133A1 US14/003,834 US201214003834A US2013341133A1 US 20130341133 A1 US20130341133 A1 US 20130341133A1 US 201214003834 A US201214003834 A US 201214003834A US 2013341133 A1 US2013341133 A1 US 2013341133A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
turning
hydraulic motor
brake hydraulic
shovel
turning body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/003,834
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English (en)
Inventor
Kiminori Sano
Ryuji SHIRATANI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo SHI Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo SHI Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo SHI Construction Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo SHI Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Assigned to SUMITOMO(S.H.I.) CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO., LTD. reassignment SUMITOMO(S.H.I.) CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SANO, KIMINORI, SHIRATANI, Ryuji
Publication of US20130341133A1 publication Critical patent/US20130341133A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
    • E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/10—Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
    • E02F9/12—Slewing or traversing gears
    • E02F9/121—Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
    • E02F9/128—Braking systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2083—Control of vehicle braking systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/80—Time limits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to shovels that use an electric motor to electrically drive a turning body.
  • shovels that perform excavation or the like are provided with a turning body, and the turning body is provided with a boom, an arm, and a bucket for performing excavation.
  • the turning body is moved to a position around the shovel.
  • Causing the turning body to turn with a turning hydraulic motor is referred to as hydraulic turning.
  • causing the turning body to turn with a turning electric motor is referred to as electric turning.
  • a turning electric motor In shovels that adopt electric turning, a turning electric motor is freely rotatable and is therefore mechanically braked and held stationary when the turning electric motor is not driven.
  • a brake unit which applies mechanical braking, keeps the turning body stationary using a frictional force.
  • the brake unit has a problem in that a component that generates a frictional force is subject to wear.
  • the braking force (frictional force) has to be maintained against this large external force.
  • a load applied on the brake unit is so large that part of the brake unit that generates a frictional force is worn out in a short time, thus causing the problem of a short service life of the brake unit.
  • the zero speed control is control that keeps a turning electric motor constantly driven and maintains the rotational speed at zero by driving the turning electric motor in a reverse direction so that the rotational speed becomes zero, when the turning electric motor is caused to rotate by an external force. Maintaining the rotational speed of the turning electric motor at zero is to prevent the turning electric motor from rotating. Accordingly, the turning body is kept at a fixed position.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2005-299102
  • the turning electric motor According to control that keeps a turning body stationary by subjecting a turning electric motor to zero speed control, the turning electric motor is driven to generate such a turning force as to cancel out an external force applied to the turning body. Therefore, the turning electric motor has to be constantly driven, so that it is necessary to supply electric power to the turning electric motor in order to hold the turning body stationary. Accordingly, a large amount of electric power has to be supplied from an electric energy storage unit to the turning electric motor, so that the state of charge of the electric energy storage device may suddenly lower. Furthermore, this is not preferable in terms of power saving, either, because the turning electric motor consumes electric power not for performing operations but just for braking.
  • the present invention is made in view of the above-described problems, and has an object of providing a shovel that is capable of keeping a turning body stationary using a brake unit other than mechanical brakes and does not require a large amount of electric power to generate a braking force.
  • a shovel is provided that is characterized by including a turning electric motor configured to drive a turning body to turn and a turning brake hydraulic motor mechanically connected to the turning body or the turning electric motor.
  • the above-described shovel further includes a hydraulic circuit configured to disconnect the intake port and the discharge port of the turning brake hydraulic motor.
  • the turning body may be braked using the turning brake hydraulic motor when an operation part for performing an operation other than turning is operated.
  • the braking operation of a mechanical brake unit for mechanically holding the turning body stationary may be released when the operation part for performing the operation other than turning is operated.
  • the hydraulic circuit may be configured to keep a discharge side of the turning brake hydraulic motor closed, and a connecting and disconnecting device may be provided between the turning body and the turning brake hydraulic motor.
  • the connecting and disconnecting device may be configured to connect the turning brake hydraulic motor to the turning body or the turning electric motor in a state where a turning operation part for turning the turning body is unoperated.
  • the hydraulic circuit may include a switching valve and may be configured to disconnect the intake port and the discharge port of the turning brake hydraulic motor by the switching valve.
  • the intake port and the discharge port of the turning brake hydraulic motor may be connected by the switching valve to form a closed circuit, and when the turning operation part for turning the turning body is unoperated, the intake port and the discharge port of the turning brake hydraulic motor may be disconnected by the switching valve.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a hybrid shovel.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of a hybrid shovel according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an electric energy storage system.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a turning drive system that includes a turning brake hydraulic motor for causing a hydraulic braking force to be generated.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a control process in the case of performing operations with the turning of an upper-part turning body being stopped.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a turning drive system that includes a turning brake hydraulic motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of a series hybrid shovel.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of an electric shovel.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a hybrid shovel to which the present invention is applied.
  • An upper-part turning body 3 is mounted through a turning mechanism 2 on a lower-part traveling body 1 of the hybrid shovel.
  • a boom 4 is attached to the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • An arm 5 is attached to the end of the boom 4 .
  • a bucket 6 is attached to the end of the arm 5 .
  • the boom 4 , the arm 5 , and the bucket 6 are hydraulically driven by a boom cylinder 7 , an arm cylinder 8 , and a bucket cylinder 9 , respectively.
  • a cabin 10 and power sources such as an engine are mounted on the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • Shovels to which the present invention may be applied are not limited to hybrid shovels.
  • the present invention may also be applied to any shovels that adopt electric turning, such as electrically driven shovels that are supplied with charging electric power from an external power source.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of the hybrid shovel according to the first embodiment.
  • a mechanical power system, a high-pressure hydraulic line, a pilot line, and an electric drive and control system are indicated by a double line, a solid line, a broken line, and a solid line, respectively.
  • An engine 11 as a mechanical drive part and a motor generator 12 as an assist drive part are connected to a first input shaft and a second input shaft, respectively, of a transmission 13 .
  • a main pump 14 and a pilot pump 15 are connected as hydraulic pumps to the output shaft of the transmission 13 .
  • a control valve 17 is connected to the main pump 14 via a high-pressure hydraulic line 16 .
  • the control valve 17 is a controller configured to control a hydraulic system in the hybrid shovel. Hydraulic motors 1 A (right) and 1 B (left) for the lower-part traveling body 1 , the boom cylinder 7 , the arm cylinder 8 , and the bucket cylinder 9 are connected to the control valve 17 via high-pressure hydraulic lines.
  • An electric energy storage system (electric energy storage unit) 120 including a capacitor as an electric energy storage device is connected to the motor generator 12 via an inverter 18 A.
  • a turning electric motor 21 as an electric working element is connected to the electric energy storage system 120 via an inverter 20 .
  • a resolver 22 , a mechanical brake 23 , and a turning transmission 24 are connected to a rotation shaft 21 A of the turning electric motor 21 .
  • an operation apparatus 26 is connected to the pilot pump 15 via a pilot line 25 .
  • the turning electric motor 21 , the inverter 20 , the resolver 22 , the mechanical brake 23 , and the turning transmission 24 constitute a load drive system.
  • the turning electric motor 21 corresponds to a turning electric motor for turning the upper-part turning body 3
  • the mechanical brake 23 corresponds to a brake unit that mechanically brakes the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • the operation apparatus 26 includes a lever 26 A, a lever 26 B, and a pedal 26 C.
  • the lever 26 A, the lever 26 B, and the pedal 26 C are connected to the control valve 17 and a pressure sensor 29 via hydraulic lines 27 and 28 , respectively.
  • the pressure sensor 29 is connected to a controller 30 that controls the driving of the electric system of the hybrid shovel.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the electric energy storage system 120 .
  • the electric energy storage system 120 includes a capacitor 19 as an electric energy storage device, a step-up/step-down converter 100 , and a DC bus 110 .
  • the DC bus 110 as a second electric energy storage device controls the transfer of electric power among the capacitor 19 as a first electric energy storage device, the motor generator 12 , and the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the capacitor 19 is provided with a capacitor voltage detecting part 112 for detecting a capacitor voltage value and a capacitor electric current detecting part 113 for detecting a capacitor electric current value.
  • the capacitor voltage value and the capacitor electric current value detected by the capacitor voltage detecting part 112 and the capacitor electric current detecting part 113 are fed to the controller 30 .
  • the step-up/step-down converter 100 performs such control as switching a step-up operation and a step-down operation in accordance with the operating states of the motor generator 12 and the turning electric motor 21 , so that the DC bus voltage value falls within a certain range.
  • the DC bus 110 is provided between the inverters 18 A and 20 and the step-up/step-down converter 100 to transfer electric power among the capacitor 19 , the motor generator 12 , and the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the controller 30 is a control unit serving as a main control part that controls the driving of the hybrid shovel.
  • the controller 30 includes a processor including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an internal memory.
  • the controller 30 is implemented by the CPU executing a drive control program contained in the internal memory.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the controller 30 converts a signal fed from the pressure sensor 29 into a speed command, and controls the driving of the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the signal fed from the pressure sensor 29 corresponds to a signal representing the amount of operation in the case of operating the operation apparatus 26 to turn the turning mechanism 2 .
  • the controller 30 controls the operation (switches the electric motor [assist] operation and the generator operation) of the motor generator 12 .
  • the controller 30 also controls the charge and discharge of the capacitor 19 by controlling the driving of the step-up/step-down converter 100 as a step-up/step-down control part.
  • the controller 30 controls the charge and discharge of the capacitor 19 by controlling the switching of the step-up operation and the step-down operation of the step-up/step-down converter 100 based on the state of charge of the capacitor 19 , the operating state (electric motor [assist] operation or generator operation) of the motor generator 12 , and the operating state (power running operation or regenerative operation) of the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the controller 30 also controls the amount of charging (charging electric current or charging electric power) of the capacitor 19 as described below.
  • This control of the switching of the step-up operation and the step-down operation of the step-up/step-down converter 100 is performed based on the DC bus voltage value detected by a DC bus voltage detecting part 111 , the capacitor voltage value detected by the capacitor voltage detecting part 112 , and the capacitor electric current value detected by the capacitor electric current detecting part 113 .
  • the electric power generated by the motor generator 12 which is an assist motor, is supplied to the DC bus 110 of the electric energy storage system 120 via the inverter 18 A to be supplied to the capacitor 19 via the step-up/step-down converter 100 .
  • the electric power regenerated by the regenerative operation of the turning electric motor 21 is supplied to the DC bus 110 of the electric energy storage system 120 via the inverter 20 , to be supplied to the capacitor 19 via the step-up/step-down converter 100 .
  • the rotational speed (angular velocity ⁇ ) of the turning electric motor 21 is detected by the resolver 22 . Furthermore, the angle of the boom 4 (boom angle ⁇ B) is detected by a boom angle sensor 7 B such as a rotary encoder provided on the support shaft of the boom 4 .
  • the controller 30 determines an estimated turning regenerated electric power (energy) by operations based on the angular velocity o of the turning electric motor 21 , and determines an estimated boom regenerated electric power (energy) by operations based on the boom angle ⁇ B. Then, the controller 30 determines the anticipated regeneration target value of the SOC by operations based on the estimated turning regenerated electric power and estimated boom regenerated electric power determined by operations.
  • the controller 30 controls the parts of the hybrid shovel so that the SOC of the capacitor 19 approaches the determined anticipated regeneration target value.
  • the hybrid shovel of the above-described configuration may perform operations such as excavation by driving the boom 4 , the arm 5 , and the bucket 6 while holding the upper-part turning body 3 at a fixed turning position.
  • the upper-part turning body 3 is braked by the mechanical brake 23 so as not to be caused to turn by an external force.
  • the mechanical brake 23 is automatically caused to operate in response to the absence of operation of a turning operation lever (for example, the lever 26 A) of the operation apparatus 26 for a certain period of time.
  • the mechanical brake 23 is released immediately in response to the operation of the turning operation lever.
  • This embodiment prevents the occurrence of a state where an operation using the boom 4 , the arm 5 , or the bucket 6 is performed with the application of the mechanical brake 23 . That is, at the time of performing operations with the upper-part turning body 3 being stationary, the mechanical brake 23 is released and a braking force is generated using a hydraulic pressure instead to brake the upper-part turning body 3 into a stationary state.
  • a hydraulic pump is used as a hydraulic apparatus for causing a hydraulic braking force to be generated.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a turning drive system including a turning brake hydraulic motor for causing a hydraulic braking force to be generated.
  • a turning brake hydraulic motor for causing a hydraulic braking force to be generated.
  • FIG. 4 the same components as the components illustrated in FIG. 2 are given the same symbols and their description is omitted.
  • the drive shaft of a turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is mechanically connected to the output shaft of the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is a hydraulic pump including a port 40 a and a port 40 b .
  • the port 40 a serves as an intake port and the port 40 b serves as a discharge port so as to cause hydraulic fluid to flow from the port 40 a to the direction of the port 40 b .
  • the port 40 b serves as an intake port and the port 40 a serves as a discharge port so as to cause hydraulic fluid to flow from the port 40 b to the direction of the port 40 a.
  • closing the port 40 a and the port 40 b to prevent hydraulic fluid from flowing prevents the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 from rotating.
  • the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is mechanically connected to the output shaft of the turning electric motor 21 . Therefore, when the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is prevented from rotating, the output shaft of the turning electric motor 21 as well is prevented from rotating, so that the upper-part turning body 3 as well is prevented from turning. Accordingly, by preventing hydraulic fluid from flowing by closing the port 40 a and the port 40 b of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 , the upper-part turning body 3 is braked, so that it is possible to keep the upper-part turning body 3 stationary.
  • a hydraulic circuit 50 is connected to the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 , so that the flow of hydraulic fluid is controlled by the hydraulic circuit 50 .
  • the hydraulic circuit 50 includes a switching valve 60 .
  • the switching valve 60 performs switching to either a state where a fluid passage 50 a connected to the port 40 a of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 and a fluid passage 50 b connected to the port 40 b of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 are connected or a state where the fluid passage 50 a and the fluid passage 50 b are disconnected.
  • the operation of the switching valve 60 is controlled by a switching signal from the controller 30 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a state where the fluid passage 50 a and the fluid passage 50 b are disconnected by the switching valve 60 . Disconnecting the fluid passage 50 a and the fluid passage 50 b corresponds to closing the port 40 a and the port 40 b of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 .
  • the hydraulic circuit 50 includes relief valves 52 A and 52 B and check valves 54 A and 54 B.
  • the relief valves 52 A and 52 B and the check valves 54 A and 54 B are provided to release a hydraulic pressure in order to prevent hydraulic pressures inside the fluid passage 50 a and the fluid passage 50 b from becoming excessively high.
  • an external force (turning force) acting on the upper-part turning body 3 becomes so large that the hydraulic pressure inside the fluid passage 50 b excessively increases to exceed the relief pressure of the relief valve 52 B, high-pressure hydraulic fluid flows out from the relief valve 52 B to the fluid passage 50 a through the check valve 54 A.
  • the hydraulic pressure inside the fluid passage 50 b decreases to be maintained at or below the relief pressure of the relief valve 52 B.
  • the hydraulic pressure inside the fluid passage 50 a is maintained at or below the relief pressure of the relief valve 52 A in the same manner when the hydraulic pressure inside the fluid passage 50 a excessively increases.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a control process in the case of performing operations with the turning of the upper-part turning body 3 being stopped.
  • step S 1 it is determined whether all operation levers (operation parts) are unoperated. If it is determined that all operation levers (operation parts) are not unoperated (NO at step S 1 ), the process proceeds to step S 4 . On the other hand, if it is determined that all operation levers (operation parts) are unoperated (YES at step S 1 ), the process proceeds to step S 2 , where it is determined whether a predetermined time (for example, five seconds) has passed. During an operation such as excavation or ground leveling, the process proceeds from step S 1 to step S 4 .
  • a predetermined time for example, five seconds
  • step S 2 If it is determined at step S 2 that a predetermined time (for example, five seconds) has not passed, the process returns to step S 1 . On the other hand, if it is determined at step S 2 that a predetermined time (for example, five seconds) has passed, the process proceeds to step S 3 , where the mechanical brake 23 (a parking brake) is turned ON. That is, when an operation lever for turning the upper-part turning body 3 is not operated for a predetermined time (for example, five seconds), it is determined that the upper-part turning body 3 is to be held stationary, and the mechanical brake 23 is caused to operate to apply braking, so as to hold the upper-part turning body 3 in its position.
  • the mechanical brake 23 a parking brake
  • step S 4 it is determined whether an operation lever other than the operation lever for turning the upper-part turning body 3 has been operated. If an operation lever other than the operation lever for turning the upper-part turning body 3 has not been operated (NO at step S 4 ), the process of this time ends.
  • the absence of operation of an operation lever other than the operation lever for turning the upper-part turning body 3 means that no other working elements are operated while the upper-part turning body 3 is stationary, either, so that it may be determined that the shovel is doing no operation. Accordingly, the state is maintained where braking is applied by the mechanical brake 23 .
  • step S 4 the process proceeds to step S 5 , the switching valve 6 is caused to operate so that the fluid passage 50 a and the fluid passage 50 b are disconnected (the state illustrated in FIG. 4 ). That is, when an operation other than the turning of the upper-part turning body 3 has been performed while the upper-part turning body 3 is stationary, it is determined that an operation with the bucket 6 or the like is being performed with the upper-part turning body 3 being stationary, and the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is prevented from rotating to brake the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • the flow of hydraulic fluid is blocked by disconnecting the fluid passage 50 a and the fluid passage 50 b , so that the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is prevented from rotating. Therefore, the turning electric motor 21 is prevented from rotating, so that the upper-part turning body 3 as well is prevented from turning.
  • step S 6 After the application of braking by the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 , the operation of the mechanical brake (parking brake) 23 is released at step S 6 . That is, because braking has been applied by the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 , it is possible to keep the upper-part turning body 3 stationary even when the braking applied by the mechanical brake 23 is released. Therefore, the wear of friction parts (for example, a brake lining) of the mechanical brake 23 is prevented, so that it is possible to prevent friction parts of the mechanical brake 23 from being worn early. As a result, it is possible to extend the service life of the mechanical brake 23 . Then, after the release of the mechanical brake at step S 6 , the process is restarted from step S 1 .
  • friction parts for example, a brake lining
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a turning drive system including a turning brake hydraulic motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same components as the components illustrated in FIG. 4 are given the same symbols, and their description is omitted.
  • the hydraulic circuit 50 does not include the switching valve 60 . Accordingly, in the hydraulic circuit 50 illustrated in FIG. 7 , the port 40 a and the port 40 b of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 are prevented from discharging hydraulic fluid and are kept closed. That is, the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is kept braked. If the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 remains as it is, the upper-part turning body 3 is prevented from being driven to turn. Therefore, according to this embodiment, in place of the switching valve 60 , a connecting and disconnecting device 70 is provided between the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 and the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the connecting and disconnecting device 70 allows the transmission of a turning force by engaging two members with each other and prevents the transmission of a turning force by disengaging the two members. That is, the connecting and disconnecting device 70 may connect and disconnect the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 and the output shaft of the turning electric motor 21 based on a signal from the controller 30 . Accordingly, when braking is applied with the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 , the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 and the output shaft of the turning electric motor 21 are connected by the connecting and disconnecting device 70 . On the other hand, when the upper-part turning body 3 is driven to turn by driving the turning electric motor 21 , the drive shaft of the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 and the output shaft of the turning electric motor 21 are disconnected by the connecting and disconnecting device 70 .
  • the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is kept braked, and when braking by the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 is unnecessary, this is addressed by disconnecting the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 from the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 by connecting the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 to the turning electric motor 21 , the turning electric motor 21 is braked, so that the upper-part turning body 3 is braked.
  • the turning brake hydraulic motor 40 may be directly connected to the upper-part turning body 3 or the turning mechanism 2 .
  • the present invention is applied to a so-called parallel hybrid shovel, where the engine 11 and the motor generator 12 are connected to the main pump 14 , which is a hydraulic pump, and the main pump is driven.
  • the present invention may also be applied to a so-called series hybrid shovel, where the motor generator 12 is driven by the engine 11 , electric power generated by the motor generator 12 is stored in the electric energy storage system 120 , and the main pump 14 is driven with the stored electric power alone as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
  • the motor generator 12 has a function as a generator that is driven by the engine 11 to perform a generator operation alone.
  • the electric power stored in the electric energy storage system 120 is supplied to an electric motor 400 that drives the main pump 14 through an inverter 18 B. When supplied with the electric power, the electric motor 400 is driven, so that the main pump 14 is driven.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of an electric shovel.
  • the motor generator 12 that functions as an electric motor is connected to the main pump 14 , and the main pump 14 is driven by the motor generator 12 alone.
  • An external power supply 500 is connected to the electric energy storage system 120 through a converter 410 .
  • the electric energy storage part (capacitor 19 ) of the electric energy storage system 120 is supplied with electric power from the external power supply 500 , so that the capacitor 19 is charged.
  • the present invention may be applied to shovels that use an electric motor to electrically drive a turning body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
US14/003,834 2011-03-30 2012-03-29 Shovel and method of controlling shovel Abandoned US20130341133A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP2011076254 2011-03-30
JP2011-076254 2011-03-30
PCT/JP2012/058479 WO2012133705A1 (fr) 2011-03-30 2012-03-29 Pelle

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US (1) US20130341133A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2692953B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5792285B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101523279B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103403272B (fr)
WO (1) WO2012133705A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220002965A1 (en) * 2019-03-19 2022-01-06 Sumitomo Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Shovel
EP4206406A4 (fr) * 2020-12-10 2024-10-23 Komatsu Ltd Engin de chantier, dispositif de commande d'un engin de chantier, et procédé de commande d'un engin de chantier

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6844252B2 (ja) * 2016-12-27 2021-03-17 コベルコ建機株式会社 建設機械

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100162706A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2010-07-01 Toshiyuki Sakai Drive for rotating structure

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JP4270012B2 (ja) * 2004-04-07 2009-05-27 コベルコ建機株式会社 旋回式作業機械
JP2005344431A (ja) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Sumitomo (Shi) Construction Machinery Manufacturing Co Ltd 旋回電動モータ装置
JP5125048B2 (ja) * 2006-09-29 2013-01-23 コベルコ建機株式会社 作業機械の旋回制御装置
JP5351471B2 (ja) * 2008-09-12 2013-11-27 住友建機株式会社 作業機械の駆動装置
JP5347878B2 (ja) 2009-09-29 2013-11-20 富士通株式会社 文献間関係解析装置、該プログラム、及び該方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100162706A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2010-07-01 Toshiyuki Sakai Drive for rotating structure

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220002965A1 (en) * 2019-03-19 2022-01-06 Sumitomo Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Shovel
EP4206406A4 (fr) * 2020-12-10 2024-10-23 Komatsu Ltd Engin de chantier, dispositif de commande d'un engin de chantier, et procédé de commande d'un engin de chantier

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CN103403272B (zh) 2015-09-02
JP5792285B2 (ja) 2015-10-07
EP2692953B1 (fr) 2018-05-02
EP2692953A1 (fr) 2014-02-05
CN103403272A (zh) 2013-11-20
JPWO2012133705A1 (ja) 2014-07-28
EP2692953A4 (fr) 2014-12-31
WO2012133705A1 (fr) 2012-10-04
KR101523279B1 (ko) 2015-05-27
KR20130129262A (ko) 2013-11-27

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