US20130315818A1 - High pressure hydrogen gas compressor - Google Patents
High pressure hydrogen gas compressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130315818A1 US20130315818A1 US13/984,153 US201213984153A US2013315818A1 US 20130315818 A1 US20130315818 A1 US 20130315818A1 US 201213984153 A US201213984153 A US 201213984153A US 2013315818 A1 US2013315818 A1 US 2013315818A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- pressure vessel
- pressure
- vessel
- high pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 189
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F13/00—Pressure exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
- F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
- F04B9/103—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
- F04B37/12—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
- F04B39/0011—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons liquid pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B45/04—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B45/053—Pumps having fluid drive
- F04B45/0536—Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by one or more valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B45/06—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having tubular flexible members
- F04B45/073—Pumps having fluid drive
- F04B45/0736—Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by one or more valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/02—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid
- F04F5/04—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids
- F04F5/08—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids the elastic fluid being entrained in a free falling column of liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
- F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
- F04F5/18—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for compressing
Definitions
- the present invention primarily relates to the compression of hydrogen gas and any other gaseous substance using a high pressure water pump which is highly energy efficient due to near isothermal compression.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,797,563 discloses a power plant where a water stream is used to create compressed air for the burners of a turbine without additional compression.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,813 discloses a method of increasing the operational capacity and efficiency of a combustion turbine system having a compressor, combustor and turbine generator by treatment of the inlet air prior to its introduction into the compressor; this is done by establishing a vertically descending flow of inlet air; introducing treatment water into the flow of inlet air to create a downward velocity greater than that of the inlet air to create drag-induced pressure increase in the inlet air.
- Hydraulic air compressors have been in existence since approximately 1890 when they were used throughout North America and Europe to provide compressed air for mining camps.
- the present invention provides a gas compressor comprising a source of high pressure fluid and a pressure vessel having a gas inlet for the gas to be compressed, a gas outlet for the compressed gas and a fluid inlet for the high pressure fluid.
- the compressor is arranged to introduce the high pressure fluid into the pressure vessel via the fluid inlet whereby to compress a volume of gas in the pressure vessel.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a safe and leak tight gas compressor due to the use of a water seal making it ideal for compression of explosive gases such as hydrogen.
- This invention allows a low pressure gas such as hydrogen from an atmospheric water electrolyser to increase the gas pressure significantly in a much more economical way than costly pressurised electrolysers or conventional hydrogen compressors.
- This new compressor can have a significantly lower number of parts and thus lower capital cost compared to a centrifugal air compressor, a piston-type compressor or a diaphragm-type gas compressor.
- this invention can eliminate the need for any buffer tank of hydrogen gas as the flow rate of the compressor can be in the range from 10 cc per minute to literally several hundred normal cubic meters per hour as this depends only on the flow rate of the water pump.
- the current invention at least in preferred embodiments, is capable of producing hydrogen or any other gas up to 700 bar by using multiple stage compression at near isothermal compression at a higher efficiency.
- the present invention increases the efficiency, reduces the capital cost, lower the maintenance cost and covers a very broad spectrum of operational range from very low flow rate to very high flow rate and a wide range of operating pressure which is not available in the prior art.
- the fluid in the pressure vessel may be in direct contact with the gas to be compressed.
- water may be pumped into a vertically-oriented pressure vessel in direct contact with the gas by a water pump.
- the water seal and the rising water column acts as a hydraulic piston.
- the compressor may not have a source of nitrogen gas for purging air, because the water may be filled up to the outlet of the pressure vessel to purge any air from the system.
- the pressure vessel comprises a barrier member for separating the high pressure fluid from the gas within the pressure vessel. In this way, the fluid does not come in contact with the subjected gas under compression.
- the barrier member may be in the form of a piston received within the pressure vessel.
- the pressure vessel may be orientated in use such that fluid is introduced at the bottom of the pressure vessel and gas is introduced at the top of the pressure vessel.
- the piston, other barrier member or the volume of fluid in the pressure vessel may expand the volume available to the gas in the pressure vessel under the action of gravity.
- the compressor may comprise a mechanical piston installed inside a vertically oriented pressure vessel. The mechanical piston may be driven upward due to the back pressure created by the high pressure fluid source.
- the barrier member is in the form of an inflatable bag connected to the fluid inlet of the pressure vessel.
- An inflatable water bag has never before been used inside a pressure vessel to prevent direct contact between water and the subjected gas to be compressed.
- the inflatable water bag may be dimensioned to occupy the internal space of the pressure vessel when inflated, in order to pressurise the gas while keeping the switchable air vent on the inlet water pipe open to atmosphere.
- the internal shape and volume of the pressure vessel may be substantially identical to the external shape and volume of the inflatable water bag.
- the bag may be made of any flexible or composite materials such as reinforced rubber, fibre reinforced plastic etc.
- Water may be pumped at high pressure into the inflatable water bag to occupy the internal space of the pressure vessel and subsequently pressurise the gas in the pressure vessel while keeping the switchable air vent on the inlet water pipe open to atmosphere; under this condition water does not come into contact with the gas under compression in the pressure vessel.
- the high pressure fluid is a liquid.
- the high pressure fluid is water. Any non-compressive liquid or hydraulic fluid can be used instead of water.
- the gas compressor of the invention may use any suitable liquid medium such as water, water-solvent mixture, antifreeze mixture, various solvents with high boiling point, hydraulic oil etc.
- the pressure vessel may be connected to a mains source of high pressure fluid.
- the source of high pressure fluid may comprise a pump arranged to pump fluid to the fluid inlet of the pressure vessel.
- the source of high pressure fluid may comprise a tank and the pump may be arranged to pump fluid from the tank to the fluid inlet of the pressure vessel.
- the gas compressor may comprise at least one further pressure vessel having a gas inlet and a fluid inlet for the high pressure fluid.
- the pump may be arranged to pump fluid from the first pressure vessel to the fluid inlet of the further pressure vessel whereby to compress a volume of gas in the further pressure vessel.
- the pump may be arranged subsequently to pump fluid from the further pressure vessel to the fluid inlet of the first pressure vessel whereby to compress a volume of gas in the first pressure vessel. It is possible for the first and further pressure vessels to be provided with respective pumps, but this is not preferred.
- the first pressure vessel and the further pressure vessel may be configured such that pumping of fluid from the first pressure vessel to the further pressure vessel causes a pressure drop in the first pressure vessel, whereby to draw gas into the first pressure vessel via the gas inlet. Pumping of fluid from the further pressure vessel to the first pressure vessel may cause a pressure drop in the further pressure vessel, whereby to draw gas into the further pressure vessel via the gas inlet. In this way, a reciprocating system is provided.
- the gas inlet of the first pressure vessel and the gas inlet of the further pressure vessel may be connected to the same source of gas.
- the compressor may comprise at least one further pressure vessel having a gas inlet connected to the gas outlet of the first pressure vessel and a fluid inlet for the high pressure fluid.
- the compressor may be arranged to introduce the high pressure fluid into the further pressure vessel via the fluid inlet whereby to compress further a volume of gas in the further pressure vessel. In this way, the desired pressure of the gas can be achieved in stages.
- the fluid inlet of the further pressure vessel may be connected to the same source of high pressure fluid as the fluid inlet of the pressure vessel.
- the gas inlet of the (or each) pressure vessel is supplied with gas from a water electrolyser.
- the gas is hydrogen.
- the gas compressor may be connected to a source of gas to be compressed or may be directly connected to an electrolyser to compress hydrogen and oxygen gas.
- the fluid inlet of the pressure vessel and/or the further pressure vessel may comprise a spray nozzle for spraying the high pressure liquid into the (further) pressure vessel. This is advantageous in that a greater surface area of the liquid may be presented to the gas in the pressure vessel for absorbing impurities in the gas.
- the gas compressor may comprise one or more of a bottom water tank, a high pressure water pump, at least one an inflatable water bag installed inside a pressure vessel, a gas inlet valve to the pressure vessel, a high pressure gas outlet purge valve from the pressure vessel, a nitrogen gas purging valve, switchable atmospheric air vents located on top of the bottom water tank, a piping configuration and valve mechanism, monitoring and control devices for pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid level, non return valves installed after the high pressure gas-purge valve and after the outlet of the water pump, inline gas sensors, a liquid condensing and separation unit, an oxygen removal unit for removing oxygen from hydrogen gas, a gas drying unit and an electronic control system.
- the nitrogen gas purging valve may be connected to the pressure vessel or to the hydrogen electrolyte tank of the electrolyser.
- the operating range of the compressor may be from 10 mbar gauge pressure up to 700 bar in multiple stages depending on the output pressure of the water pump and the volume of the pressure vessel.
- the outlet gas purge valve may deliver compressed gas or a compressed mixture of gases.
- a liquid vapour condensing unit, a liquid separation unit, an oxygen removal unit, a gas drier and a liquid absorption unit may be fitted after the gas outlet purge valve of the pressure vessel.
- a gas sensor may detect the purity of gas and send an electrical voltage and/or current signal to the electronic control box.
- the compressed gas may be vented to the atmosphere if the purity of the gas is not at a desired level or for any maintenance work.
- the multiple valve system may facilitate the emptying of water from the pressure vessel or the inflatable water bag by active pumping of water back into the bottom water tank.
- the gas to be compressed is fed into the empty pressure vessel followed by compression by pumping water into the inflatable water bag or directly into the pressure vessel, as described above.
- the inflatable water bag may be mechanically supported inside the pressure vessel when inflated.
- the differential pressure on the inflatable water bag or air bag may be controlled within a safe operating pressure.
- the greater contact area with the gas as provided by the inflatable water bag or water seal ensures faster cooling of the gas at near isothermal condition and thus higher efficiency than conventional mechanical gas compressors.
- the flow rate of the gas to be compressed may be in the range of 10 cubic centimetres per minute to several hundred normal cubic metres per hour.
- the compressor may have an operating temperature in the range from minus 60 degrees C. to 200 degrees C.
- the liquid medium and liquid pump is selected as per the optimum operating temperature, flow rate and operating pressure.
- the invention also provides a gas compressor directly coupled with an atmospheric electrolyser, wherein the de-oxo-drier removes the traces of oxygen gas present in hydrogen gas followed by gas drying.
- the main purpose of the present invention is to produce extremely low cost hydrogen gas compressors; however this invention is also applicable for any other gasses.
- Embodiments of the present invention use an inflatable water bag and a high pressure water pump to operate at near isothermal conditions to produce a highly efficient gas compressor.
- the operating range of the compressor is from 10 mbar gauge pressure up to very high pressure such as 700 bar in multiple stages depending on the output pressure of the water pump and the volume of the pressure vessel.
- the flow rate of the gas compressor is in the range of 10 cubic centimetres per minute to several hundreds normal cubic metres per hour.
- the operating temperature of the gas compressor is in the range from minus 60° C. to 200° C.
- the gas compressor may have an optional nitrogen gas feed point to the pressure vessel to purge any gaseous substance from the system where hydrogen and other explosive gases are compressed instead of air or any other non-combustible gasses.
- the gas compressor After the compressed gas is delivered to the supply line, the gas compressor prepares itself for the next compression cycle; it does so in a sequential method such as:
- the higher gas pressure inside the pressure vessel will deflate the water bags; the gas compressor operates the multiple valves as per the above sequence to empty the water from the pressure vessel or from the inflatable water bag by pumping water back into the bottom water tank.
- the gas is fed into the empty pressure vessel followed by pumping of water into the inflatable water bag or directly into the pressure vessel.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of various components of this invention
- Table 1 provides an example of the compression ratio but following the same principle different compression ratios will be achieved by changing the physical parameters of this invention
- Table 2 describes the sequence of valve control corresponding to FIG. 1 ; there will be several ways to perform the operation using the same physical configuration and/or different configurations using the same components.
- FIG. 2 shows an alternative configuration of a gas compressor according to an embodiment of the invention
- Table 3 describes the sequence of valve control corresponding to FIG. 2 .
- hydrogen gas is supplied to a compressor according to an embodiment of the invention from a source of hydrogen gas via an adjoining pipe ( 1 ) and a first valve ( 2 ) to a gas inlet port ( 3 ) of a first pressure vessel ( 4 );
- the source of this hydrogen as shown in FIG. 1 is a hydrogen-electrolyte tank ( 5 ) of an electrolyser stack ( 6 ).
- the hydrogen electrolyte tank has a nitrogen gas inlet port ( 7 ) and a nitrogen gas purging valve ( 8 ).
- the first pressure vessel ( 4 ) has a gas outlet port ( 9 ) and an inflatable water bag ( 10 ) securely fitted inside the pressure vessel by a leak free port ( 11 ). The gas and water do not come into direct contact within the first pressure vessel ( 4 ).
- a pressure sensor ( 12 ), and a temperature sensor ( 13 ) are fitted into the first pressure vessel to monitor the inside pressure and temperature of the first pressure vessel.
- the inflatable water bag ( 10 ) is made of flexible materials such as reinforced rubber, composites, fibre reinforced plastic bags etc.
- the safe operating pressure of the inflatable water bag is about 10-15 bar and the design pressure is 25 bar.
- the differential pressure between the inside and outside pressure of the fully inflated water bag never exceeds 15 bar because the water bag is supported when fully inflated by the wall of the pressure vessel; the physical volume change from the deflated to the inflated water bag is up to 20 times or even more; therefore the gas can be compressed up to 20 times by the fully inflated water bag resulting in 20 times increase in gas pressure inside the first pressure vessel ( 4 ).
- the inflatable water bag receives intake water from a bottom water tank ( 16 ) which has two level sensors for low level sensor ( 17 ) and high level sensor ( 18 ); the water tank has an air vent valve ( 19 ) fitted on a pipe ( 20 ) securely connected to the water tank;
- a high pressure water pump ( 21 ) has a suction pipe ( 22 ) connected to the bottom water tank ( 16 ) securely fitted in place using standard pipe fittings; an outlet pipe ( 23 ) from the water pump has a second valve ( 24 ) and a non-return valve ( 25 ); after the non-return valve ( 25 ) an outlet pipe ( 23 ) is connected to one port of a T-junction ( 26 ); the second port of the T-junction ( 26 ) facilitates the return flow of water into the water tank ( 16 ) while bypassing the water pump ( 21 ) via an adjoining pipe ( 56 ) and a sixth valve ( 55 ); the remaining port of the T-junction ( 26 ) pumps water via an adjoining pipe ( 27 ) up to another T-junction ( 28 ).
- the second port of the T-junction ( 28 ) is connected to the inflatable water bag via the leak free port ( 11 ) via a pressure regulator ( 29 ), a low pressure pipe ( 30 ) and a third valve ( 31 ).
- the first pressure vessel ( 4 ) is securely connected to a leak free port ( 32 ) of a second pressure vessel ( 33 ) via an adjoining pipe ( 14 ) and a fourth valve ( 14 ).
- the second pressure vessel ( 33 ) has a gas outlet port ( 34 ); an inflatable water bag ( 35 ) is securely fitted inside the pressure vessel via a leak free port ( 36 ); the gas and water do not come into direct contact within the second pressure vessel ( 33 ); a pressure sensor ( 37 ), and a temperature sensor ( 38 ) are fitted into the second pressure vessel to monitor the inside pressure and temperature of the second pressure vessel ( 33 ).
- the gas outlet port is connected to a high pressure gas delivery pipe ( 39 ) a seventh valve ( 40 ), and a non return valve ( 41 ).
- a water inlet port ( 32 ) of the inflatable water bag ( 35 ) of the second pressure vessel ( 33 ) is connected to the remaining port of the T-junction ( 28 ) via an adjoining pipe ( 42 ); a fifth valve( 43 ) is securely fitted on a pipe ( 42 ) to control the flow of water into the inflatable water bag ( 35 ).
- a gas purity sensor ( 44 ) is connected on an outlet pipe ( 39 ) after the non-return valve ( 41 ) and joined to a T-junction ( 45 ).
- An air vent ( 46 ) is connected to one of the ports of the T-junction ( 45 ) by an adjoining pipe ( 49 ); an air vent valve ( 47 ) and a flame arrestor ( 48 ) are fitted on to the pipe ( 49 ); this air vent is used to vent gases to the atmosphere into a safe place for maintenance purpose and if the gas purity is not suitable.
- the remaining port of the T-junction ( 45 ) is connected by an adjoining pipe ( 50 ) to a gas-water separator ( 51 ).
- a de-oxo unit ( 52 ) is connected to produce high purity (99.999%) hydrogen; a drier ( 53 ) assembly is connected to produce very dry hydrogen gas i.e. up to ⁇ 60° C. dew point; the de-oxo unit ( 52 ) has a palladium catalyst bed which helps the reaction between the traces of oxygen gas present in hydrogen gas with hydrogen itself to form water vapour at around 140° C.; the pure moist hydrogen is then dried in a drier ( 53 ); the drier contains a molecular sieve bed to produce very dry hydrogen gas.
- a non return valve ( 54 ) is fitted after the de-oxo drier.
- FIG. 2 shows an alternative configuration of an embodiment of a gas compressor according to the invention, which combines four functionalities of gas compression, gas drying, gas cooling and gas cleaning at low cost and greater efficiency.
- a liquid pump 108 runs continuously by circulating liquid between two interconnected vessels 101 and 102 by forward and backward motion of the liquid from the first vessel 101 to the second vessel 102 , and then from the second vessel 102 back to the first vessel 101 .
- the reciprocating motion of the liquid is controlled by an arrangement of several valves, as will be described below.
- the first vessel 101 is full of liquid and the second vessel 102 is full of gas.
- the liquid from the first vessel 101 is supplied by the pump 108 into the second vessel 102 to compress gas in the second vessel 102 .
- a first valve 104 between the input side of the pump 108 and the first vessel 101 is open, while a second valve 105 between the output side of the pump 108 and the first vessel 101 is closed.
- a third valve 106 between the output side of the pump 108 and the second vessel 102 is open, while a fourth valve 107 between the input side of the pump 108 and the second vessel 102 is closed.
- a fifth valve 111 between the first vessel 101 and a low pressure electrolyser stack 103 is open, while a sixth valve 112 between the second vessel 102 and the low pressure electrolyser stack 103 is closed.
- a seventh valve 113 between the first vessel 101 and a high pressure gas delivery line 116 is closed.
- An eighth valve 114 between the second vessel 102 and the high pressure gas delivery line 116 is also closed.
- the gas in the second vessel 102 is compressed up to 700 bar or higher from ambient pressure in a single stage by gradual filling of liquid by the high pressure liquid pump 108 .
- These pumps are commonly used in high pressure cleaning applications, the offshore drilling industry and water jet cutting tools, and can produce even more than 2000 bar discharge pressure; thus this arrangement provides the required compression ratio in a single stage without any upper limit as this depends only on the capacity of the high pressure hydraulic pump.
- the compressed gas is then discharged by opening the eighth valve 114 into the high pressure gas delivery line 116 while keeping the third valve 106 and the sixth valve 112 closed.
- An output valve 109 is opened to deliver high pressure gas or fill up a buffer tank for storage.
- the gas inlet of the first vessel 101 is controlled by the fifth valve 111 which is connected to the electrolyser cell 103 producing hydrogen and oxygen gas or any other sources of gas.
- the electrolyser cell 103 may be as described in GB 2469265.
- a vacuum is created in the first vessel 101 due to its gradual drop in liquid-level.
- the first vessel 101 therefore fills with gas from the electrolyser 103 .
- This vacuum helps to draw gas bubbles out from the electrolyser cell 103 more effectively.
- Effective and faster removal of gas bubbles from the electrolyser cells improves the ionic conductivity of the cell thus improving cell efficiency significantly. This overcomes a major problem of present atmospheric electrolysers in which gas sticks to the electrode surface due to the surface tension acting between gas bubbles and the electrode surface.
- the liquid is then pumped backward from the second vessel 102 to the first vessel 101 .
- the first valve 104 between the input side of the pump 108 and the first vessel 101 is closed, while the second valve 105 between the output side of the pump 108 and the first vessel 101 is open.
- the third valve 106 between the output side of the pump 108 and the second vessel 102 is closed, while the fourth valve 107 between the input side of the pump 108 and the second vessel 102 is open.
- the fifth valve 111 between the first vessel 101 and a low pressure electrolyser stack 103 is closed, while the sixth valve 112 between the second vessel 102 and the low pressure electrolyser stack 103 is open.
- the seventh valve 113 between the first vessel 101 and the high pressure gas delivery line 116 is closed.
- the eighth valve 114 between the second vessel 102 and the high pressure gas delivery line 116 is also closed.
- High pressure gas is created in the first vessel 101 while the second vessel 102 draws in new gas from the electrolyser 103 due to the vacuum created.
- the compressed gas is then discharged from the first vessel 101 by opening the seventh valve 113 into the high pressure gas delivery line 116 while keeping the second valve 105 and the fifth valve 111 closed.
- the output valve 109 is opened to deliver high pressure gas or fill up a buffer tank for storage.
- Table 3 shows the position of the valves during the gas compression and gas discharge in both vessels 101 , 102 .
- FIG. 2 provides gas drying functionality. During compression inside the first vessel 101 and the second vessel 102 and moisture and other impurities are condensed and drop out naturally to produce high pressure dry gas, thus eliminating the need for a gas drier before the compressor. Conventional piston-based compressors need a gas drier before the compressor.
- FIG. 2 provides gas cooling functionality.
- the high pressure liquid is expanded inside the first vessel 101 and the second vessel 102 at low pressure first which produces a cooling effect that controls the temperature near isothermally during compression. Some heat will be dissipated from the surface of the pressure vessel.
- This cooling first during compression eliminates the need for a conventional cooling circuit, thus saving in cost and making the compressor more energy efficient.
- the embodiment of FIG. 2 provides gas cleaning functionality.
- the liquid can be any fluid such as water, various chemicals mixed in water, caustic solutions, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ferric sulphate solution, acidic water, etc.
- the selection of liquid depends on the impurities present in the inlet gas which is cleaned by the liquid during compression.
- the liquid is sprayed by nozzles 110 , 115 inside the pressure vessels 101 , 102 to scrub various impurities by physical absorption or by chemical reaction.
- sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is used to remove CO 2 from biogas during compression.
- Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) is removed by scrubbing in ferric sulphate solution or by washing of the raw gas in water. Removal of tar, oil, hydrocarbon, particulate and other impurities is achieved by various scrubbing techniques with relevant liquid solution.
- the present invention primarily relates to the compression of hydrogen gas and any other gaseous substance using high pressure water pump.
- the present invention provides a safe and leak proof gas compressor due to the use of water seal making it ideal for compression of explosive gases such as hydrogen.
- This invention allows a low pressure gas such as from an atmospheric water electrolyser to increase the gas pressure significantly in a much more economical way than costly pressurised electrolysers or conventional hydrogen compressors.
- the flow rate of the smallest commercial hydrogen compressor available on the market is significantly greater than the rate of gas production by small electrolysers; for this reason a buffer tank is needed between the electrolyser and compressor to compensate for their mismatch; however this invention eliminates the need for any buffer tank of hydrogen gas as the flow rate of this compressor is in the range from 10 cc per minutes to literally several hundred normal cubic metres per hour as this is depends on the flow rate of the water pump.
- This new compressor has a significantly less number of parts thus lower capital cost compared to a centrifugal air compressor, piston type or a diaphragm type gas compressors.
- This invention is applicable to other gasses such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas etc. This invention produces the highly energy efficient gas compressor due to near isothermal compression.
- the invention has been outlined broadly to cover the main features of the invention by using an inflatable water bag or air bag or any other inflatable device along with a water pump and other components as shown in FIG. 1 and Table 1 and the corresponding valve sequence as shown in Table 2; it is understood that the invention is not limited to the configuration of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 ; the invention is capable of being embodied in several different configurations by re-arranging the components of FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 2 in different ways; it is also understood that the terminology and the phrases used to describe the invention can be rearranged to provide a broader scope of this invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a new hydrogen compressor at an extremely low cost; this compressor is not sensitive to engineering tolerances in its manufacturing; this invention is also applicable for any other gasses too.
- the gas compressor comprises a source of high pressure fluid and a pressure vessel having a gas inlet for the gas to be compressed, a gas outlet for the compressed gas and a fluid inlet for the high pressure fluid.
- the compressor is arranged to introduce the high pressure fluid into the pressure vessel via the fluid inlet whereby to compress a volume of gas in the pressure vessel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1102004.7 | 2011-02-07 | ||
GB1102004.7A GB2487790A (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2011-02-07 | Gas compressor using liquid |
GB1117540.3 | 2011-10-11 | ||
GB1117540.3A GB2487815A (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2011-10-11 | Gas compressor using high pressure fluid |
PCT/GB2012/050270 WO2012107756A1 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | High pressure hydrogen gas compressor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130315818A1 true US20130315818A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
Family
ID=43836261
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/984,153 Abandoned US20130315818A1 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | High pressure hydrogen gas compressor |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130315818A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2683947A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2014507594A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20140051826A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN103534490A (ko) |
BR (1) | BR112013020137A2 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2826231A1 (ko) |
GB (2) | GB2487790A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2012107756A1 (ko) |
Cited By (3)
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US20180100385A1 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-12 | Encline Artificial Lift Technologies LLC | Liquid Piston Compressor System |
US9945370B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2018-04-17 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Gas compression system and method of compressing gas using the gas compression system |
WO2024047390A1 (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | Ventspils Augstskola | Hydrogen hydraulic compression device |
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WO2014023961A1 (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-13 | Re Hydrogen Ltd | Gas compression and gas upgrade system |
US9541236B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2017-01-10 | Whirlpool Corporation | Multi-stage home refueling appliance and method for supplying compressed natural gas |
CN104005819A (zh) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-27 | 西南交通大学 | 一种双尿素压力容器气压式尿素计量喷射系统 |
CN107387377A (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-24 | 蔡宁 | 巨能泵是循环利用气体给气体或液体增压的一种设备 |
CN108644095B (zh) * | 2018-04-18 | 2020-06-09 | 华北电力大学 | 基于分级压缩空气储能系统的功率倍增运行策略方法 |
CN108758331B (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2021-04-02 | 杰瑞石油天然气工程有限公司 | 一种液压活塞式天然气压缩机组回油超压检测泄放装置 |
JP7101542B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-29 | 2022-07-15 | タキロンシーアイ株式会社 | 熱収縮性フィルムおよび熱収縮性ラベル |
CN112855495B (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-11-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种液体驱动超高压压缩空气储能系统及其方法 |
DE102021125046A1 (de) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-03-30 | Kyros Hydrogen Solutions GmbH | Hochdruckverdichter und System mit einem Hochdruckverdichter |
DE102021125047A1 (de) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-03-30 | Kyros Hydrogen Solutions GmbH | Hochdruckverdichter und System mit einem Hochdruckverdichter |
DK181404B1 (en) * | 2022-01-03 | 2023-10-17 | Nel Hydrogen As | Compressor with reduced start-up torque |
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-
2011
- 2011-02-07 GB GB1102004.7A patent/GB2487790A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-11 GB GB1117540.3A patent/GB2487815A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-02-07 BR BR112013020137A patent/BR112013020137A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-02-07 JP JP2013552279A patent/JP2014507594A/ja active Pending
- 2012-02-07 CN CN201280007997.2A patent/CN103534490A/zh active Pending
- 2012-02-07 CA CA2826231A patent/CA2826231A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-07 WO PCT/GB2012/050270 patent/WO2012107756A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-02-07 KR KR1020137022239A patent/KR20140051826A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-02-07 US US13/984,153 patent/US20130315818A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-07 EP EP12704535.9A patent/EP2683947A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9945370B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2018-04-17 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Gas compression system and method of compressing gas using the gas compression system |
US20180100385A1 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-12 | Encline Artificial Lift Technologies LLC | Liquid Piston Compressor System |
US10683742B2 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2020-06-16 | Encline Artificial Lift Technologies LLC | Liquid piston compressor system |
WO2024047390A1 (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | Ventspils Augstskola | Hydrogen hydraulic compression device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB201117540D0 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
CN103534490A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
GB201102004D0 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
JP2014507594A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
WO2012107756A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
BR112013020137A2 (pt) | 2016-11-01 |
CA2826231A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
KR20140051826A (ko) | 2014-05-02 |
GB2487790A (en) | 2012-08-08 |
GB2487815A (en) | 2012-08-08 |
EP2683947A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
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