US20130298464A1 - Device and method for gasifying carbon-containing fuels - Google Patents

Device and method for gasifying carbon-containing fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130298464A1
US20130298464A1 US13/879,464 US201113879464A US2013298464A1 US 20130298464 A1 US20130298464 A1 US 20130298464A1 US 201113879464 A US201113879464 A US 201113879464A US 2013298464 A1 US2013298464 A1 US 2013298464A1
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Prior art keywords
emission spectrum
flame
operating parameters
spectrum
measurement
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US13/879,464
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English (en)
Inventor
Maximilian Fleischer
Thomas Fleischer
Tino Just
Kerstin Wiesner
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FLEISCHER, MAXIMILIAN, WIESNER, KERSTIN
Assigned to SIEMENS FUEL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH & CO. KG reassignment SIEMENS FUEL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FLEISCHER, THOMAS, JUST, TINO
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIEMENS FUEL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH & CO. KG
Publication of US20130298464A1 publication Critical patent/US20130298464A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/72—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flame burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for gasifying carbon-containing fuels.
  • coal gasification is a technology assuming an increasing importance, through which both raw materials for synthesis in the chemical industry and also combustion gas for gas turbines can be obtained from the natural resource of coal which is available in sufficient quantities.
  • this step represents a core process of effective use of coal in IGCC power plants.
  • IGCC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
  • a possible gasification method which can be connected upstream from the combined cycle process is the Siemens Fuel Gasification method (SFG method). This method is suitable for use even of ash-rich, solid, liquid and gaseous input materials.
  • the input material is converted by means of gasification means containing free oxygen in a flame reaction at pressures of up to 10 MPa and at temperatures of up to 1900° C. into CO and H2 (primary components of synthesis gas).
  • the strength of the flame emission in a specific wavelength range is measured with flame pyrometers and, assuming a specific emissivity, a conclusion is drawn as to the temperature.
  • This method is sensitive to contamination of the optical window (since the absolute radiation density is used here as a measured value).
  • the reliability of the measured values obtained is questionable since the flame concerned is not a grey radiator (as to be assumed for this evaluation) of which the emissivity coefficient is simultaneously unknown.
  • pyrometers can only be used in lined reactors (in which the wall represents the radiator), as well as only in gas operation, in which a sufficient transparent gas flame is present.
  • the coal flame is not sufficiently transparent because of the carbon particles contained for the radiation of the wall lying behind it.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a method of gasifying carbon-containing fuels with which the said problems can be reduced or resolved.
  • a further object is to specify a corresponding device.
  • the emission spectrum of the flame is recorded, this expediently occurs by access to the flame spectrum being made possible through an optical window in the gasification reactor.
  • the flame spectrum is supplied to a spectrometer for spectral analysis, the spectrum obtained is passed on electronically to an evaluation unit and is evaluated with a multi-variant method with a previously stored evaluation model, especially continuously in real time.
  • the invention specifies a method which evaluates the emission spectrum of the flame in an innovative and advantageous manner, in order to enable the desired parameters, such as the flame temperature for example, to be continuously monitored.
  • a direct measurement of the parameters by probes introduced into the gasification flame is hardly possible because of the high temperatures, the reactive gases and also a strong tendency for deposits to form.
  • the spectral analysis can include the range of the electromagnetic spectrum from UV into the mid-IR range.
  • the emission spectrum is recorded in the range from 300 to 2000 nm, especially in the range from 300 to 800 nm.
  • the emission lines of the ash components from the emission spectrum are evaluated, especially the emission line of alkali.
  • spectra are recorded for known operating parameters and stored together with the operating parameters in a memory.
  • the spectra with the operating parameters are classified with the methods of multi-variant statistics such as primary component analysis, partial least squares regression, partial least squares discriminant analysis PLSDA, cluster analysis or artificial neural networks and in this way an evaluation model is created which assigns specific operating parameters to a particular spectrum.
  • the operating parameters preferably to be taken into account comprise the following parameters:
  • the evaluation unit for the measured flame spectrum to be normalized in the evaluation unit before being supplied for spectral analysis, especially to a peak height, the spectral integral, or a signal height at a definable wavelength.
  • a spectrometer which performs a parallel measurement of the spectrum, especially a spectrometer which performs a wavelength dispersion and then maps the result to a parallel measuring line detector in which each pixel then measures a specific wavelength interval.
  • the result achieved by this is that the spectrum is measured at one time.
  • a sequential measurement of different wavelengths can lead, through flickering of the flame, to falsifications of the result.
  • a measuring time can be selected which is long in relation to the flicker frequency.
  • a number of short measurements can also be taken at time intervals comparable to the time constant of the flame flickering and then averaged before being supplied to the evaluation device.
  • the evaluation unit determines whether the supplied spectrum lies in the measurement range of the spectrometer in the sense of an overexposure or underexposure and for new spectrometer parameters to be set, especially the measurement time or the number of multiple measurements if this is not the case.
  • the invention also creates a correspondingly embodied device for gasification of carbon-containing fuels, having:
  • FIG. 1 shows a spectrum of a coal flame in the visible spectral range
  • FIG. 2 shows a spectrum of a gas flame in the visible spectral range
  • FIG. 3 shows a method for evaluating the flame spectrum
  • FIG. 4 shows a layout for evaluating the flame spectrum
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical spectrum 10 of a coal flame, measured in the UV/VIS range of between around 400 nm and 1000 nm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a similar second spectrum 20 of the gas flame.
  • FIG. 3 An exemplary embodiment for a method for evaluating the flame spectrum is shown in FIG. 3 . It is performed in two stages:
  • the mathematical pre-processing 32 typically comprises a smoothing and/or derivation, normalization, a selection of the spectral range which is to be observed and the discarding of obviously incorrect measurements.
  • the totality of anorganic material which produces slag is a very important parameter for maintenance: the influencing of the spectrum by light-emitting/absorbing metals represents a quantitative signal and the slag content can be quantitatively derived from the spectra.
  • Temperature of the carbon flame the shape of the spectrum is influenced by the excitation varying with the temperature, spectra can be quantitatively assigned to the temperature.
  • Stochiometry of the combustion if the stochiometry of the combustion is adhered to precisely, the gas yield is optimized thereby.
  • the stochiometry massively influences the chemical composition and is thus accessible with this method.
  • a spectroscopic method is involved in which the information content lies in the shape of the curve. Therefore in accordance with one embodiment the measured flame spectrum is normalized in the evaluation unit before being supplied for recognition. Normalization can in such cases for example be undertaken to the peak height, the spectra integral or the signal height at a fixed characteristic wavelength.
  • the flame in the gasification process is not a stationary process in relation to the time constants of the spectrometer measurement (parts of the second), the typical statistical flame flickering occurs with spectral and absolute intensity variations. If the spectrum is now recorded with a sequentially-measuring spectrometer, the flame flickering leads to a falsification of the recorded spectrum. It is thus advantageous to provide a spectrometer which carries out a parallel measurement of the spectrum.
  • the spectrometer is embodied to undertake a wavelength dispersion and then map the result to a parallel-measuring line detector, in which each pixel measures a specific wavelength interval.
  • the evaluation unit can assess whether the supplied spectrum lies in the good measurement range of the spectrometer, i.e. whether neither underexposure or overexposure is present. If underexposure or overexposure is present, new parameters are set through commands of the evaluation unit to the spectrometer, e.g. the measurement time, i.e. adapted to the integration time, which is used for recording a spectrum, or the number of multiple measurements.
  • Multi-variant signal processing can recognize however the extent to which a measured spectrum still has similarities to the typical range of known flame spectra. This function is used to recognize a spectral distortion which is too great caused by a change in the optical path/window and if necessary to issue a corresponding error message.
  • the evaluation unit Before the measured spectrum is supplied to the evaluation unit it is advantageous to check whether the measurement is plausible. If it is not, the measurement is discarded. This check especially contains an evaluation as to whether the measured intensity is in the expected range, whether outliers are frequently present and whether there is increased noise present in the measurement data.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic measurement layout 40 .
  • the measurement layout 40 comprises a flame detector 41 and an adapter 42 . Coupled-out light is conveyed through a fiber-optic cable 43 to a switching cabinet 44 in which an evaluation unit 45 is accommodated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
US13/879,464 2010-10-27 2011-10-20 Device and method for gasifying carbon-containing fuels Abandoned US20130298464A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010049491 2010-10-27
DE102010049491.7 2010-10-27
PCT/EP2011/068327 WO2012055753A2 (fr) 2010-10-27 2011-10-20 Installation et procédé de gazéification de combustibles contenant du carbone

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CN (1) CN103180722A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012055753A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120000403A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Taplin Jr Harry R Process for high efficiency, low pollution fuel conversion
US10718511B2 (en) 2010-07-02 2020-07-21 Harry R. Taplin, JR. System for combustion of fuel to provide high efficiency, low pollution energy
US11499105B2 (en) 2019-04-15 2022-11-15 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method of online control of a slag forming gasification process and plant for a gasification process

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104597210B (zh) * 2015-01-21 2016-08-17 中国计量学院 一种粉体灭火剂分散装置
CN111257306B (zh) * 2020-01-16 2021-02-09 华北电力大学 生物质燃料的碱金属元素含量在线动态预测方法及系统

Citations (3)

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US5437179A (en) * 1993-07-07 1995-08-01 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Fast gas chromatography method, apparatus and applications
US6045353A (en) * 1996-05-29 2000-04-04 American Air Liquide, Inc. Method and apparatus for optical flame control of combustion burners
US6318891B1 (en) * 1996-08-09 2001-11-20 Abb Research Ltd. Method of temperature measurement by correlation of chemiluminescent spectrum emitted by a flame with stored theoretical emission spectra for OH and/or CH radicals

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JP3182913B2 (ja) * 1992-04-23 2001-07-03 株式会社日立製作所 燃焼ガス中の金属成分計測方法及び装置
DE4305645C2 (de) * 1993-02-24 1996-10-02 Rwe Entsorgung Ag Verfahren zur Ermittlung charakteristischer Eigenschaften von Radikale bildenden Prozessen, Verwendung des Verfahrens und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19509412C2 (de) * 1995-03-15 1997-01-30 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Feuerungsregelung einer Dampferzeugeranlage
WO2005045379A1 (fr) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-19 Yamatake Corporation Procede de detection d'incendie et dispositif de detection d'incendie
CN101210873A (zh) * 2006-12-31 2008-07-02 清华大学 一种利用太赫兹时域光谱快速检测植物油纯度的方法及设备
CN101458214A (zh) * 2008-12-15 2009-06-17 浙江大学 有机聚合物溶液浓度的检测方法
CN101706307B (zh) * 2009-11-13 2011-11-30 暨南大学 基于透射光谱的输油管道油品界面的检测方法及其装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5437179A (en) * 1993-07-07 1995-08-01 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Fast gas chromatography method, apparatus and applications
US6045353A (en) * 1996-05-29 2000-04-04 American Air Liquide, Inc. Method and apparatus for optical flame control of combustion burners
US6318891B1 (en) * 1996-08-09 2001-11-20 Abb Research Ltd. Method of temperature measurement by correlation of chemiluminescent spectrum emitted by a flame with stored theoretical emission spectra for OH and/or CH radicals

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120000403A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Taplin Jr Harry R Process for high efficiency, low pollution fuel conversion
US9702546B2 (en) * 2010-07-02 2017-07-11 Harry R. Taplin, JR. Process for high efficiency, low pollution fuel conversion
US10082288B2 (en) 2010-07-02 2018-09-25 Harry R. Taplin, JR. Process for high efficiency, low pollution fuel conversion
US10718511B2 (en) 2010-07-02 2020-07-21 Harry R. Taplin, JR. System for combustion of fuel to provide high efficiency, low pollution energy
US11499105B2 (en) 2019-04-15 2022-11-15 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method of online control of a slag forming gasification process and plant for a gasification process

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CN103180722A (zh) 2013-06-26
WO2012055753A2 (fr) 2012-05-03

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Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS FUEL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH & CO. KG;REEL/FRAME:030815/0454

Effective date: 20130325

Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY

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