US20130267866A1 - Electroencephalogram analysis apparatus, electroencephalogram analysis program, and electroencephalogram analysis method - Google Patents

Electroencephalogram analysis apparatus, electroencephalogram analysis program, and electroencephalogram analysis method Download PDF

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US20130267866A1
US20130267866A1 US13/602,703 US201213602703A US2013267866A1 US 20130267866 A1 US20130267866 A1 US 20130267866A1 US 201213602703 A US201213602703 A US 201213602703A US 2013267866 A1 US2013267866 A1 US 2013267866A1
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electroencephalogram
region
frequency band
test subject
specific frequency
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Yusaku Nakashima
Takashi Tomita
Masaki Nishida
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • A61B5/048—
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A61B5/372—Analysis of electroencephalograms
    • A61B5/374—Detecting the frequency distribution of signals, e.g. detecting delta, theta, alpha, beta or gamma waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/165—Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A61B5/372—Analysis of electroencephalograms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
    • A61B5/4812—Detecting sleep stages or cycles

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an electroencephalogram analysis apparatus, an electroencephalogram analysis program, and an electroencephalogram analysis method for analyzing electroencephalograms measured at the head of a test subject.
  • Mood disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder (symptom where a depressed state and a manic state alternately appear) cannot be diagnosed from the physical symptoms of patients. Therefore, clinical methods such as asking patients about their conditions are generally conducted to diagnose such mood disorders. Meanwhile, it is difficult for patients to judge such mood disorders by themselves, and the patients are thus likely to lose opportunities to consult doctors at the early stages of the disorders. It is assumed that the availability of any clear barometers indicating such mood disorders facilitates the judgement of the mood disorders, thus making it possible for patients to judge the mood disorders by themselves.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2009-518076 discloses a “system and method of analyzing and evaluating depression and other mood disorders using electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement values.”
  • EEG electroencephalogram
  • the system allows the evaluation of the mood disorders based on the results of electroencephalograms measured when test subjects are in a wakeful state (i.e. in a non-sleep state), more specifically, based on the asymmetry of right and left front qEEGs (quantitative electroencephalograms).
  • the system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2009-518076 is used to evaluate the mood disorders based on the results of the electroencephalograms measured when the patients are in the wakeful state. Therefore, the patients have to take time for measuring the electroencephalograms in their daily lives and may be forced to bear the burden of measuring the electroencephalograms. Meanwhile, the present inventors have found characteristics indicating the mood disorders in the electroencephalograms measured during sleep states and achieved a method of evaluating the mood disorders using the characteristics.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is therefore desirable to provide an electroencephalogram analysis apparatus, an electroencephalogram analysis program, and an electroencephalogram analysis method capable of diagnosing mood disorders based on the electroencephalograms of a test subject.
  • an electroencephalogram analysis apparatus including an electroencephalogram acquisition part and a comparison part.
  • the electroencephalogram acquisition part is configured to acquire a first electroencephalogram measured at a first region on a head of a test subject and a second electroencephalogram measured at a second region positioned behind the first region on the head of the test subject.
  • the comparison part is configured to compare a power of the first electroencephalogram in a specific frequency band with a power of the second encephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • the present inventors have found a difference in the distribution of the powers of the electroencephalograms in the specific frequency band, particularly on the front and rear sides of the head, between a mood disorder state and a normal state. Accordingly, it is possible to diagnose whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state by the comparison between the power of the electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band measured at the first region and that of the electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band measured at the second region, the first region and the second region being positioned on the front and rear sides of the head of the test subject, respectively.
  • the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus with the above configuration makes it possible to diagnose whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state.
  • the first region may be a prefrontal region
  • the second region may be a frontal region
  • the first region may be an Fp region defined based on the International 10-20 system
  • the second region may be an F region defined based on the International 10-20 system.
  • the prefrontal region corresponds to the Fp region (Fp 1 , Fpz, or Fp 2 ) based on the definition of the International 10-20 system, and the frontal region corresponds to the F region (Fz or F 1 to F 9 ) based on the definition of the International 10-20 system.
  • the specific frequency band is a frequency band of sleep spindles.
  • the difference in the distribution of the powers occurs at least in the frequency band (generally, greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 16 Hz) of the sleep spindles. Accordingly, by setting the frequency band of the sleep spindles as the specific frequency band, it is possible to diagnose whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state based on the electroencephalograms measured at the first region and the second region.
  • the sleep spindles are classified into slow sleep spindles and fast sleep spindles.
  • the difference in the distribution of the powers between the mood disorder state and the normal state can be notably seen in the slow sleep spindles. Therefore, it is possible to diagnose whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state by setting the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles as the specific frequency band.
  • the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles may be greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz.
  • the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles is generally greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz in the field of electroencephalogram measurement.
  • the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus may further include a stage discrimination part configured to discriminate a sleep stage of the test subject.
  • the first electroencephalogram may be an electroencephalogram of any of sleep stages 2 to 4 measured at the first region
  • the second electroencephalogram may be an electroencephalogram of any of the sleep stages 2 to 4 measured at the second region.
  • Electroencephalograms (such as alpha waves) occurring when the test subject is not in a sleep state may overlap with the specific frequency, resulting in a difficulty in diagnosing whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state.
  • the stage discrimination part discriminates the sleep stage of the test subject. Therefore, it is possible to diagnose whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state based on the electroencephalograms occurring when the test subject is reliably in the sleep state (any of stages 2 to 4).
  • the stage discrimination part can discriminate the sleep stage using various biological signals such as an electroencephalogram, an electrooculogram, and an electromyogram of the test subject.
  • the comparison part may transform the first electroencephalogram into a frequency component to generate a first electroencephalogram spectrum, transform the second electroencephalogram into a frequency component to generate a second electroencephalogram spectrum, and compare an integral value of the first electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band with an integral value of the second electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band.
  • the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus may further include a diagnosis part configured to diagnose whether the test subject is in a mood disorder state based on a comparison result of the comparison part.
  • the diagnosis part may diagnose that the test subject is in the mood disorder state when the power of the first electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band is greater than that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • An electroencephalogram analysis program causes a computer to function as an electroencephalogram acquisition part and a comparison part.
  • the electroencephalogram acquisition part is configured to acquire a first electroencephalogram measured at a first region on a head of a test subject and a second electroencephalogram measured at a second region positioned behind the first region on the head of the test subject.
  • the comparison part is configured to compare a power of the first electroencephalogram in a specific frequency band with a power of the second encephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • An electroencephalogram analysis method includes: acquiring a first electroencephalogram measured at a first region on a head of a test subject and a second electroencephalogram measured at a second region positioned behind the first region on the head of the test subject; and comparing a power of the first electroencephalogram in a specific frequency band with a power of the second encephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • an electroencephalogram analysis apparatus an electroencephalogram analysis program, and an electroencephalogram analysis method capable of diagnosing mood disorders based on the electroencephalograms of a test subject.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an electroencephalogram analysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the measurement positions of electroencephalograms defined based on the International 10-20 system
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operations of the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a table showing an example of the method of discriminating sleep stages
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs showing the examples of electroencephalogram spectrums generated by the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs showing the examples of electroencephalogram spectrums generated by the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are graphs respectively showing the powers of the electroencephalograms (slow sleep spindles) measured at the measurement regions when a test subject is in a mood disorder state and a normal state;
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are schematic views respectively showing the distribution of the powers of the electroencephalograms (slow sleep spindles) measured at the measurement regions when the test subject is in the mood disorder state and the normal state;
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphs respectively showing the distribution of the powers of the electroencephalograms (fast sleep spindles) measured at the measurement regions when the test subject is in the mood disorder state and the normal state;
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B are schematic views respectively showing the distribution of the powers of the electroencephalograms (fast sleep spindles) measured at the measurement regions when the test subject is in the mood disorder state and the normal state.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus 100 .
  • the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus 100 includes an analysis unit 110 and an electroencephalograph 120 .
  • the analysis unit 110 is, for example, an information processing apparatus and connected to the electroencephalograph 120 to analyze electroencephalograms measured by the electroencephalograph 120 .
  • the analysis unit 110 and the electroencephalograph 120 may be integrated with each other or may be separated from each other. Further, FIG. 1 shows the head H of a test subject.
  • the electroencephalograph 120 includes a first measurement electrode 121 , a second measurement electrode 122 , and an electroencephalogram measurement part 123 .
  • the first measurement electrode 121 is connected to a “first region” on the head H to detect the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the test subject at the first region.
  • the second measurement electrode 122 is connected to a “second region” on the head H to detect the electroencephalogram of the test subject at the second region.
  • the electroencephalograph 120 may further include, besides the first measurement electrode 121 and the second measurement electrode 122 , a measurement electrode that detects the electroencephalogram.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view for explaining the first region and the second region. Note that FIG. 2 shows the positions of measurement electrodes based on the International 10-20 system where the measurement positions of electroencephalograms are defined.
  • the first region to which the first measurement electrode 121 is connected and the second region to which the second measurement electrode 122 is connected can be arranged such that the second region is positioned behind the first region in the head H of the test subject. More desirably, the first region can be a prefrontal region, and the prefrontal region corresponds to the Fp region (Fp 1 , Fpz, or Fp 2 ) based on the International 10-20 system shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the second region can be a frontal region, and the frontal region corresponds to the F region (Fz or F 1 to F 9 ) based on the International 10-20 system shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the first region and the second region are not necessarily the regions defined based on the International 10-20 system and only need to be regions at which a difference in the distribution of the powers of the electroencephalograms, which will be described below, can be measured.
  • the electroencephalogram measurement part 123 is connected to the first measurement electrode 121 and the second measurement electrode 122 , measures the electroencephalograms detected by the first measurement electrode 121 and the second measurement electrode 122 , and outputs the measured electroencephalograms to the analysis unit 110 in a wired or wireless manner.
  • the electroencephalogram measured by the first measurement electrode 121 at the first region will be referred to as a “first electroencephalogram,” while the electroencephalogram measured by the second measurement electrode 122 at the second region will be referred to as a “second electroencephalogram.”
  • the electroencephalograph 120 can further include a standard electrode (neutral electrode) that detects a standard potential of the electroencephalogram, a reference electrode that detects the contact resistance between the first and second measurement electrodes 121 and 122 and the front surface of the head H, or the like.
  • the analysis unit 110 includes an electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 , a stage discrimination part 112 , a comparison part 113 , and a diagnosis part 114 . These constituent parts can be functional parts implemented by the cooperation between the software and the hardware of the analysis unit 110 and may also be mounted on a network.
  • the electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 is connected to the stage discrimination part 112 and the comparison part 113
  • the comparison part 113 is connected to the diagnosis part 114 .
  • the stage discrimination part 112 is connected to the comparison part 113 .
  • the electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 acquires the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram output from the electroencephalogram measurement part 123 of the electroencephalograph 120 and supplies the acquired first and second electroencephalograms to the stage discrimination part 112 and the comparison part 113 .
  • the stage discrimination part 112 discriminates the “sleep stages” (see FIG. 4 ) of the test subject based on the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram supplied from the electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 or based on other measurement data on the test subject.
  • the sleep stages the state of the test subject is classified into five stages 1 to 5 with a wakeful state as the first stage depending on the degree of the activity of the brain of the test subject.
  • the sleep stages will be described in detail below.
  • the stage discrimination part 112 supplies the discriminated sleep stage to the comparison part 113 .
  • the comparison part 113 compares the power of the first electroencephalogram with that of the second electroencephalogram in a specific frequency band.
  • the comparison part 113 can perform the comparison when the sleep stage of the test subject discriminated by the stage discrimination part 112 is any of the sleep states (stages 2 to 4).
  • a frequency band (generally 10.5 Hz to 12.5 Hz) of sleep spindles, desirably, slow sleep spindles is available.
  • the comparison part 113 supplies the comparison result to the diagnosis part 114 .
  • the diagnosis part 114 diagnoses whether the test subject has a mood disorder. Specifically, if the power of the first electroencephalogram is greater than that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band, the diagnosis part 114 can diagnose that the test subject is in the mood disorder state. On the other hand, if the power of the second electroencephalogram is greater than that of the first electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band, the diagnosis part 114 can diagnose that the test subject is not in the mood disorder state (the test subject is in a normal state). The diagnosis part 114 can display the diagnosis result on a display (not shown) or the like.
  • the mood disorder state refers to an abnormal mental state such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder (symptom where a depressed state and a manic state alternately appear).
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operations of the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus 100 .
  • the electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 acquires the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram from the electroencephalogram measurement part 123 (Step 1 ).
  • the electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 may acquire the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram from the electroencephalogram measurement part 123 as occasion demands, or is capable of acquiring the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram measured by the electroencephalogram measurement part 123 and recorded on a recording part (not shown) for a predetermined period of time.
  • the electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 supplies the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram thus acquired to the stage discrimination part 112 and the comparison part 113 .
  • FIG. 4 is a table showing the respective sleep stages and an example of the method of discriminating the sleep stages.
  • the sleep state of the test subject can be classified into any of the non-sleep stage (WAKE), the REM sleep stage (REM), and the non-REM sleep stage depending on the state of the activity of the brain.
  • the sleep state of the test subject can further be classified into any of the stage 1 (hypnagogic state), the stage 2 (light sleep state), the stage 3 (moderate sleep state), and the stage 4 (deep sleep state) depending on the depth of the sleep of the test subject.
  • the stage discrimination part 112 discriminates which of the sleep stages the sleep state of the test subject is classified into.
  • the stage discrimination part 112 may discriminate the sleep stages using the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram supplied from the electroencephalogram acquisition part 111 , or may discriminate the sleep stages using other biological signals obtained by measuring the test subject.
  • an electrooculogram (EGO), an electromyogram (EMG), or the like is available.
  • the stage discrimination part 112 supplies the discriminated sleep stage to the comparison part 113 .
  • the comparison part 113 compares the power of the first electroencephalogram with that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band (Step 3 ).
  • the comparison part 113 can perform the comparison only when the sleep stage discriminated by the stage discrimination part 112 is any of the sleep stages 2 to 4. This is because, when the test subject is in the incomplete sleep states (WAKE, REM, and stage 1), electroencephalograms (such as alpha waves) whose frequency band overlaps with the specific frequency band may occur, i.e., the diagnosis of the diagnosis part 114 (that will be described below) may be inhibited.
  • the comparison part 113 can perform the comparison by transforming (frequency-transforming) the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram into frequency components.
  • the frequency component transformed from the first electroencephalogram will be referred to as a first electroencephalogram spectrum
  • the frequency component transformed from the second electroencephalogram will be referred to as a second electroencephalogram spectrum.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs showing the examples of the first electroencephalogram spectrum and the second electroencephalogram spectrum, respectively.
  • the comparison part 113 can frequency-transform the first electroencephalogram and the second electroencephalogram according to any method, for example, a fast Fourier transform, a wavelet transform, or the like.
  • the comparison part 113 can compare the power of the first electroencephalogram with that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band. Specifically, the comparison part 113 can compare the integral value of the first electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band (here, greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz) with that of the second electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band.
  • the integral values of the first electroencephalogram spectrum and the second electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band are indicated as the areas of shaded regions.
  • a frequency band (greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 16 Hz) of sleep spindles can be set. Further, the sleep spindles can be classified into fast sleep spindles (greater than or equal to 12.5 Hz and less than or equal to 16 Hz) and slow sleep spindles (greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz). However, the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles (that will be described below) is particularly desirable as the specific frequency band. Note that the specific numerical values (such as 10.5 Hz) exemplified here as the frequency band are the numerical values generally used in the field of electroencephalogram measurement, and the specific frequency band is not necessarily limited to the values.
  • the comparison part 113 can compare the power of the first electroencephalogram with that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band by comparing the size of the integral value of the first electroencephalogram spectrum with that of the second electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band. Further, the comparison part 113 does not necessarily use the electroencephalogram spectrums and is capable of comparing the power of the first electroencephalogram with that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band according to other methods. The comparison part 113 supplies the comparison result, i.e., the relationship between the power of the first electroencephalogram and that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band to the diagnosis part 114 .
  • the diagnosis part 114 diagnoses whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state based on the comparison result of the comparison part 113 (Step 4 ).
  • the diagnosis part 114 can diagnose that the test subject is in the mood disorder state if the comparison result of the comparison part 113 shows that the power of the first electroencephalogram is greater than that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • the diagnosis part 114 can diagnose that the test subject is not in the mood disorder state (the test subject is in the normal state) if the comparison result of the comparison part 113 shows that the power of the first electroencephalogram is less than that of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band. For example, because FIGS.
  • the diagnosis part 114 can diagnose that the test subject is in the mood disorder state.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs showing the examples of the first electroencephalogram spectrum acquired at the first region and the second electroencephalogram spectrum acquired at the second region, respectively. Because the power of the first electroencephalogram (the area of the shaded region in FIG. 6A ) is less than that of the second electroencephalogram (the area of the shaded region in FIG. 6B ) in the specific frequency band (greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz), the diagnosis part 114 can diagnose that the test subject is in the normal state.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are graphs showing the powers of the slow sleep spindles (greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz) measured at the respective regions of the head of the test subject.
  • FIG. 7A shows the powers of the slow sleep spindles obtained when the test subject in the mood disorder state is measured
  • FIG. 7B shows the powers of the slow sleep spindles obtained when the test subject in the normal state is measured.
  • the graphs shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B are obtained in such a manner that the respective regions based on the International 10-20 system shown in FIG. 2 are measured.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B each display the distribution of the powers of the slow sleep spindles measured at the respective regions so as to be reflected in the shape of the head of the test subject (the upper side of the head in each of FIGS. 8A and 8B represents the front side of the test subject).
  • FIG. 8A shows the distribution of the powers of the slow sleep spindles measured when the test subject is in the mood disorder state
  • FIG. 8B shows the distribution of the powers of the slow sleep spindles measured when the test subject is in the normal state.
  • the greater the powers of the slow sleep spindles the darker the regions are colorized.
  • the test subject is in the mood disorder state by the comparison of the powers of the electroencephalograms between the first region (for example, the prefrontal region) and the second region (for example, the frontal region) positioned on the further rear side of the head of the test subject in the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles.
  • the powers of the electroencephalograms on the front side of the head become greater. Accordingly, when the power (the area of the shaded region) of the electroencephalogram of the first region (first electroencephalogram) shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5A is compared with that (the area of the shaded region) of the electroencephalogram of the second region (second electroencephalogram) shown in FIG. 5B , it is found that the power of the electroencephalogram of the first region ( FIG. 5A ) is greater than that of the electroencephalogram of the second region ( FIG. 5B ).
  • FIG. 6A is compared with that (the area of the shaded region) of the electroencephalogram of the second region (second electroencephalogram) shown in FIG. 6B , it is found that the power of the electroencephalogram of the second region ( FIG. 6B ) is greater than that of the electroencephalogram of the first region ( FIG. 6A ).
  • the frequency band (for example, greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz) of the slow sleep spindles is set as the specific frequency band for use in the diagnosis of the diagnosis part 114 .
  • the specific frequency band is not limited to the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles. Any specific frequency bands showing the same tendency as that of the slow sleep spindles can be set as the specific frequency band for use in the diagnosis.
  • a description will be given of a case where the frequency band (for example, greater than or equal to 12.5 Hz and less than or equal to 16 Hz) of the fast sleep spindles is set as the specific frequency band.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphs showing the powers of the fast sleep spindles measured at the respective regions of the head of the test subject.
  • FIG. 9A shows the powers of the fast sleep spindles obtained when the test subject in the mood disorder state is measured
  • FIG. 9B shows the powers of the fast sleep spindles obtained when the test subject in the normal state is measured.
  • the graphs shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B are obtained in such a manner that the respective regions based on the International 10-20 system shown in FIG. 2 are measured. The comparison between these graphs shows that the power of the fast sleep spindle at the frontal region (the F region) is the greatest in the graph shown in FIG. 9A , while the power of the fast sleep spindle at the top of the head (the C region) is the greatest in the graph shown in FIG. 9B .
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B each display the distribution of the powers of the fast sleep spindles measured at the respective regions so as to be reflected in the shape of the head of the test subject (the upper side of the head in each of FIGS. 10A and 10B represents the front side of the test subject).
  • FIG. 10A shows the distribution of the powers of the fast sleep spindles measured when the test subject is in the mood disorder state
  • FIG. 10B shows the distribution of the powers of the fast sleep spindles measured when the test subject is in the normal state.
  • the greater the powers of the fast sleep spindles the darker the regions are colorized.
  • the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles is set as the specific frequency band
  • the power of the first electroencephalogram FIG. 5A
  • the power of the second electroencephalogram FIG. 6B
  • the power of the second electroencephalogram FIG. 6B
  • the comparison between the distribution of the powers of the slow sleep spindles shown in FIG. 8A and that of the powers of the fast sleep spindles shown in FIG. 10A shows that the existence of the regions of the greater powers on the front side of the head can be notably seen in the slow sleep spindles ( FIG. 8A and FIG. 10A ). Accordingly, it seems to be possible to more clearly diagnose whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state or the normal state by setting the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles as the specific frequency band for use in the diagnosis.
  • the difference in the distribution of the powers of the sleep spindles between the mood disorder state and the normal state is assumed to be caused by the malfunction of a thalamofrontal circuit in the mood disorder state. It is suggested that the thalamofrontal circuit related to the rostal reticular and the mediodorsal nucleus of a thalamus interferes with the sleep spindles of about 12 Hz.
  • the first measurement electrode 121 and the second measurement electrode 122 are arranged at the regions at which the difference in the distribution of the powers can be detected.
  • the first region at which the first measurement electrode is arranged and the second region at which the second measurement electrode 122 is arranged can be set such that the first region and the second region are on the front and rear sides of the head H of the test subject, respectively.
  • the first region can be set as the prefrontal region (the Fp region based on the International 10-20 system), while the second region can be set as the frontal region (the F region based on the International 10-20 system).
  • the frequency band (generally 10.5 Hz to 16 Hz) of the sleep spindles can be set.
  • the frequency band (generally 10.5 Hz to 12.5 Hz) of the slow sleep spindles is effective because the difference in the distribution of the powers can be notably seen.
  • the specific frequency band is not limited to the frequency band of the sleep spindles, and any frequency bands are available so long as the difference in the distribution of the powers between the mood disorder state and the normal state can be seen in the frequency bands.
  • the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus 100 uses the electroencephalogram analysis apparatus 100 according to the embodiment to provide an objective barometer indicating whether the test subject is in the mood disorder state or the normal state. Because it is only necessary for the test subject to be in a sleep state and only a small burden is placed on the test subject to perform the diagnosis, the present disclosure is also applicable to home monitoring.
  • An electroencephalogram analysis apparatus including:
  • an electroencephalogram acquisition part configured to acquire a first electroencephalogram measured at a first region on a head of a test subject and a second electroencephalogram measured at a second region positioned behind the first region on the head of the test subject;
  • a comparison part configured to compare a power of the first electroencephalogram in a specific frequency band with a power of the second encephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • the first region is a prefrontal region
  • the second region is a frontal region
  • the first region is an Fp region defined based on the International 10-20 system
  • the second region is an F region defined based on the International 10-20 system.
  • the specific frequency band is a frequency band of sleep spindles.
  • the specific frequency band is a frequency band of slow sleep spindles.
  • the frequency band of the slow sleep spindles is greater than or equal to 10.5 Hz and less than or equal to 12.5 Hz.
  • stage discrimination part configured to discriminate a sleep stage of the test subject
  • the first electroencephalogram is an electroencephalogram of any of sleep stages 2 to 4 measured at the first region
  • the second electroencephalogram is an electroencephalogram of any of the sleep stages 2 to 4 measured at the second region.
  • the comparison part transforms the first electroencephalogram into a frequency component to generate a first electroencephalogram spectrum, transforms the second electroencephalogram into a frequency component to generate a second electroencephalogram spectrum, and compares an integral value of the first electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band with an integral value of the second electroencephalogram spectrum in the specific frequency band.
  • a diagnosis part configured to diagnose whether the test subject is in a mood disorder state based on a comparison result of the comparison part.
  • the diagnosis part diagnoses that the test subject is in the mood disorder state when the power of the first electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band is greater than the power of the second electroencephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • an electroencephalogram acquisition part configured to acquire a first electroencephalogram measured at a first region on a head of a test subject and a second electroencephalogram measured at a second region positioned behind the first region on the head of the test subject;
  • a comparison part configured to compare a power of the first electroencephalogram in a specific frequency band with a power of the second encephalogram in the specific frequency band.
  • An electroencephalogram analysis method including:

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