US20130123221A1 - Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases - Google Patents

Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases Download PDF

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US20130123221A1
US20130123221A1 US13/466,860 US201213466860A US2013123221A1 US 20130123221 A1 US20130123221 A1 US 20130123221A1 US 201213466860 A US201213466860 A US 201213466860A US 2013123221 A1 US2013123221 A1 US 2013123221A1
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ethanol
embodiment provides
another embodiment
composition
pharmaceutical composition
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Dale L. Pearlman
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Priority to US13/466,860 priority Critical patent/US20130123221A1/en
Priority to US13/633,832 priority patent/US8580286B2/en
Priority to US13/787,680 priority patent/US8647671B2/en
Publication of US20130123221A1 publication Critical patent/US20130123221A1/en
Priority to US14/034,358 priority patent/US9034351B2/en
Priority to US14/150,690 priority patent/US20140179649A1/en
Priority to US14/837,466 priority patent/US20160213690A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
    • A61K31/573—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08—Solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/02—Local antiseptics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • High ethanol content sanitizer gel is known to be a very effective topical antimicrobial agent for preventing infections. Direct application to bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms in the laboratory setting results in 99.99% killing within 15 seconds of contact. This efficacy is due to its concentration of ethyl alcohol greater than or equal to 60% (Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 116, Jun. 17, 1994). In current commercial formulations, the gel typically contains special moisturizers to control dryness on users' hands so they tolerate such a high concentration of ethyl alcohol.
  • One embodiment disclosed herein provides a means of applying ethanol to the skin without stinging.
  • compositions suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous cream, or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, betamethasone, fluticasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone, or clobetasol.
  • composition comprises from about 2% to about 32% ethanol by volume.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 2% to about 32% ethanol by volume, the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • compositions comprising from about 2% to about 10% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • compositions comprising from about 20% to about 30% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 2% to about 32% ethanol by volume, the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous cream.
  • compositions comprising from about 2% to about 10% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous cream.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous cream.
  • compositions wherein the composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous cream.
  • compositions suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the non-homogeneous emulsion is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, betamethasone, fluticasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone, or clobetasol.
  • the composition comprises from about 2% to about 32% ethanol by volume.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous emulsion is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 2% to about 32% ethanol by volume, the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous emulsion is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • compositions comprising from about 2% to about 10% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous emulsion is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous emulsion is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • compositions wherein the composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% ethanol by volume, and the second active ingredient is selected from desonide, fluticasone, or mometasone, and the non-homogeneous emulsion is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • One embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous cream.
  • the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, betamethasone, fluticasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone, or clobetasol.
  • the composition comprises from about 2% to about 32% ethanol by volume.
  • the skin disease or disorder is selected from acne vulgaris, rosacea, dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, neurodermatitis, stasis dermatitis, hand dermatitis, occupational dermatitis, secondarily infected dermatitis, pitted keratolysis, tinea pedis, psoriasis, bacterial skin infection, or fungal skin infection.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is dermatitis.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is eczema.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is atopic dermatitis.
  • One embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application to the skin of a subject in need thereof of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • the non-homogeneous semisolid is a non-homogenous ointment or a non-homogenous cream.
  • the composition comprises from about 2% to about 32% ethanol by volume.
  • the skin disease or disorder is selected from acne vulgaris, rosacea, dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, neurodermatitis, stasis dermatitis, hand dermatitis, occupational dermatitis, secondarily infected dermatitis, pitted keratolysis, tinea pedis, psoriasis, bacterial skin infection, or fungal skin infection.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is dermatitis.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is eczema.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is atopic dermatitis.
  • topical compositions (lotions, creams, ointments, emulsions and dispersions) that contain ethanol or certain other alcohols distributed non-homogenously have the unexpected benefit of effectively treating a variety of dermatologic diseases and disorders.
  • topical compositions containing ethanol or certain other alcohols to treat diseases and disorders of the skin wherein the skin is damaged, broken, torn, or marked by fissures.
  • These skin diseases and disorders range from infections (bacterial or fungal) to inflammatory diseases (dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, or rosacea). It has been also discovered that the topical compositions described herein can be safely used on the face.
  • Effective treatments can be achieved, in some cases, through use of the topical compositions described herein wherein ethanol or another alcohol is the sole active ingredient. Further advantages can be obtained by incorporating into said compositions at least one additional therapeutic active agent.
  • One distinguishing feature of these compositions is the non-homogenous nature of the formulation. In particular, it has been found that when the ethanol or other alcohol is distributed in a non-homogenous fashion throughout the composition into bubble-like regions of locally high concentration, where the approximate effective concentration of the ethanol or other alcohol in the bubble-like regions is about 60% to about 80%, a beneficial effect is observed upon topical application to damaged skin but without a stinging sensation. This result is striking when compared to the well-known stinging sensation observed upon application of commercially available high ethanol content sanitizers gels to damaged skin.
  • amelioration of the symptoms of a particular disease, disorder or condition by administration of a particular compound or pharmaceutical composition refers to any lessening of severity, delay in onset, slowing of progression, or shortening of duration, whether permanent or temporary, lasting or transient that can be attributed to or associated with administration of the compound or composition.
  • treat include alleviating, abating or ameliorating a disease or condition symptoms, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition either prophylactically and/or therapeutically.
  • noncomedogenic describes the tendency of some dermatological products, such as oils, lotions, ointments, creams, and gels to block the pores of the skin.
  • Noncomedogenic products are less likely to clog pores and lead to formation of blackheads (open comedones), whiteheads (closed comedones), red bumps (inflammatory papules) and red, swollen, pussy red bumps and lumps (inflammatory pustules, nodules, and cysts) in patients' skin.
  • Comedogenic ingredients of many commercially available skin care products include isopropyl myristate, cocoa butter, coconut oils, and wheat germ oil.
  • subjective irritation describes burning, stinging, or itching without detectable visible or microscopic changes in the skin.
  • non-homogeneous describes the lack of a uniform phase throughout the bulk, or entirety, of the composition.
  • non-homogeneous and heterogeneous are synonymous and can be used interchangeably.
  • non-homogeneous and heterogeneous refer to the bulk, or entirety, of the composition as employed by the patient or caregiver.
  • semisolid describes a material that has the properties of a solid and of a liquid.
  • gel describes a semisolid dosage form that contains a gelling agent to provide stiffness to a solution or colloidal dispersion (US FDA Drug Nomenclature Monograph, number C-DRG-00201).
  • a gel may contain suspended particles.
  • a gel can contain >50% water and other volatiles (Buhse L, et. al. International Journal of Pharmaceutics; 295: 101-112).
  • a gel offers nongreasy medication delivery.
  • oil describes an unctuous, combustible substance which is liquid, or easily liquefiable, on warming, and is soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Oils are classified as animal, mineral or vegetable oils, depending on their origin (US FDA Drug Nomenclature Monograph, number C-DRG-00201).
  • emulsion describes a dosage form consisting of a two-phase system comprised of at least two immiscible liquids, one of which is dispersed as droplets (internal or dispersed phase) within the other liquid (external or continuous phase) generally stabilized with one or more emulsifying agents (US FDA Drug Nomenclature Monograph, number C-DRG-00201).
  • the term “lotion” describes an emulsion liquid dosage form. This dosage form is generally for external application to the skin (US FDA Drug Nomenclature Monograph, number C-DRG-00201).
  • a lotion may contain moisturizing agents which can help increase skin moisture.
  • a lotion may contain small amounts of alcoholic preservatives to prevent microbial growth during product life.
  • cream describes an emulsion semisolid dosage form, usually containing >20% water and volatiles and/or ⁇ 50% hydrocarbons, waxes or polyols as the vehicle.
  • a cream is more viscous than a lotion.
  • This dosage form is generally for external application to the skin or mucous membranes (US FDA Drug Nomenclature Monograph, number C-DRG-00201).
  • a cream may contain moisturizing agents which can help increase skin moisture.
  • a cream may contain alcoholic preservatives to prevent microbial growth during product life.
  • ointment describes a semisolid dosage form, usually containing ⁇ 20% water and volatiles and/or >50% hydrocarbons, waxes or polyols as the vehicle. This dosage form is generally for external application to the skin or mucous membranes (US FDA Drug Nomenclature Monograph, number C-DRG-00201). An ointment offers a dense, occlusive covering which increases hydration of dry skin rashes.
  • solution describes a clear, homogeneous liquid dosage form that contains one or more chemical substances dissolved in a solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents (US FDA Drug Nomenclature Monograph, number C-DRG-00201).
  • high ethanol content describes a composition comprising throughout the bulk or entirety of the composition, greater than or equal to 60% ethyl alcohol content.
  • Commercially available hand sanitizer gels are one example of a high ethanol content composition (Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 116, Jun. 17, 1994).
  • Acne vulgaris is characterized by the onset around puberty of comedones and inflammatory lesions on the face, neck, chest, and back. It tends to resolve on average around age 23 years of age.
  • the pathogenesis is multifactorial.
  • An obstruction of the secretory tubules (“pores”) which connect the gland to the skin surface leads to accumulation of oil under the skin surface.
  • comedones become visible. Bacteria then proliferate in the oil leading to further inflammation in the skin causing the formation of the visible red papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts typically seen in acne vulgaris.
  • Treatment is based on agents which seek to correct the fundamental pathologic events creating acne lesions.
  • Topical treatments fall into several classes:
  • Topical agents dissolve the secretory tubule obstruction thus allowing drainage of the trapped oil.
  • Topical agents of this type include: sulfur, resorcinol, salicyclic acid, glycolic acid, retinoids such as tretinoin, adapaline and tazarotene, and benzoyl peroxide.
  • Topical agents of this class include: benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin), and astringents, and nonspecific mechanism agents like azelaic acid.
  • oral antibiotics tetracycline family, erythromycin macrolide family, ampicillin penicillin family
  • the oral agent 13-cis-retinoic acid seeks to reduce oil production and resolve clogging of the pores.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
  • the compositions and methods described herein are an excellent first line treatment for mild to moderate, and some cases, severe pustular acne seen in teenagers.
  • the compositions and methods described herein can be used independently, or in combination with over-the-counter and/or prescription dispensed therapeutically active agents to address all types of acne lesions.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one comedolytic agent.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one antibiotic agent.
  • central facial increased redness and increased surface blood vessels a) central facial inflammatory red papules, pustules, and nodules; c) tendency to easy facial flushing and blushing in response to trigger factors including certain psychological states (embarrassment or anger), exercise during workouts, consumption of alcoholic drinks and hot coffee/tea.
  • the condition can last for many years and gradually worsen. Patients are usually motivated to seek treatment because of the disfigurement of the skin disorder.
  • rosacea The specific pathogenesis of rosacea is not known. The same bacteria found infecting acne vulgaris lesions has not been found in rosacea. There are no plugged up pores (comedones) present in rosacea patients. There are many hypotheses for rosacea causation revolving around a postulated bacteria which infects the skin leading to the inflammation so characteristic of the condition.
  • Treatment of rosacea involves the use of topical and oral agents.
  • Antimicrobial agents metronidazole, sulfa/sulfur combinations, clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide; b) Antiinflammatory agents of uncertain mechanism: azelaic acid.
  • antibiotics tetracycline family, erythromycin macrolide family, ampicillin penicillin family
  • erythromycin macrolide family erythromycin macrolide family
  • ampicillin penicillin family tetracycline family, erythromycin macrolide family, ampicillin penicillin family
  • compositions and methods described herein are very effective topical treatment for red bumps and pussy bumps of rosacea.
  • the treatment produces clinical improvement noticeable to the patients within a week of starting treatment. Of equal significance is that this treatment rapidly reduces central facial redness. This is not true of topical FinaceaTM or MetrogelTM which are the current standard of care for this indication.
  • Advantages of the compositions and methods disclosed herein for the treatment of rosacea over current topical treatments, such as Finacea and Metrogel include faster onset of relief, reliably reduces redness, no stinging, less costly, and reduced environmental impact.
  • compositions and methods disclosed herein for the treatment of rosacea over current oral include no concerns about safety of oral antibiotics, no upset stomach or sun sensitization issues, no impact on use of oral contraceptives, no issue of vaginal yeast infections, and reduced environmental impact.
  • the compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of rosacea.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one antibiotic agent.
  • Dermatitis or eczema
  • atopic dermatitis is characterized by rash patches located typically in the fronts of the elbows and behind the knees in young children.
  • Nummular dermatitis is characterized by round rash patches scattered randomly on the trunk and limbs of adults.
  • Contact dermatitis is characterized by linear shaped swollen patches on the trunk or limbs at any age.
  • compositions and devices disclosed herein Prior to the discovery of the methods, compositions and devices disclosed herein, the use of high ethanol content gels in the treatment of eczema was complicated by a stinging sensation upon topical application. This stinging occurs because the acute phase of the rash is characterized by many small cracks and fissures in the skin.
  • compositions and devices disclosed herein to treat the acute phase of eczematous lesions topical application of the composition does not cause a stinging sensation.
  • Maintenance therapy employing the methods, compositions and devices disclosed herein to suppress the recurrence of eczematous lesions is provided by application of the composition, such that topical application of the composition does not cause a stinging sensation.
  • the composition disclosed herein is well tolerated and can greatly increase efficacy of concomitant or subsequent topical steroid therapy in resolving the remaining rash. Once the eczema is resolved, ongoing use of the compositions as disclosed herein that do not contain corticosteroid can help sustain the disease-free remission period.
  • the addition of moisturizing ingredients to the compositions disclosed herein can keep the skin moist.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of dermatitis.
  • compositions disclosed herein include at least one anti-inflammatory agent.
  • Atopic dermatitis occurs in approximately 10-20% of children and 2% of adults (Ong P Y, Leung D Y. Immune dysregulation in atopic dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep . September 2006; 6(5):384-9).
  • Moisturizers are administered to relieve dry skin. Cold compresses can relieve itch. Corticosteroid and topical calcineurin inhibitors can reduce inflammation. Antibiotics treat bacterial infection. Sedative antihistamines can enable sleep and rest. For moderate to severe cases, phototherapy can be used.
  • compositions as described herein are a significant advance for topical therapy in eczema.
  • Caregivers find applying the compositions described herein to be an easy and familiar way of treating skin problems.
  • the caregiver applies a single composition that contains a secondary topical medication.
  • This single composition is formulated to cause no irritation to the skin, such as a stinging sensation.
  • Preferred dosage forms of this composition include non-homogenous ointments, lotions, creams and other emulsions or dispersions where the ethanol can be suspended or dispersed in the non-aqueous component to avoid a stinging sensation upon topical application.
  • the compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one corticosteroid.
  • Irritant contact dermatitis can occur after brief exposure to a strong irritant or frequent exposure to a mild irritant. When contact with the irritant damages the skin faster than the skin can repair itself, irritant contact dermatitis can develop.
  • Allergic contact dermatitis usually develops within hours after the allergen makes skin contact. Nearly 3000 allergens are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Common allergens include fragrances, metals, plants, clothing and shoes.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of contact dermatitis.
  • Dyshidrotic dermatitis also known as hand eczema, pompholyx, vesicular eczema, or vesicular palmoplantar eczema, occurs only on the palms of the hands, sides of fingers and soles of the feet. It typically causes a burning, itching sensation and a blistering rash.
  • Patients with dyshidrotic dermatitis are typically between 20 and 40 years of age. Risk factors include stress and pre-existing conditions (atopic condition, contact dermatitis, infection).
  • Treatments include the use of topical corticosteroid and cold compresses, antibiotics, topical medications to relieve pain and itch, and topical calcineurin inhibitors to reduce inflammation as well as drainage of large blisters to relieve pain.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of dyshidrotic dermatitis.
  • Seborrheic dermatitis also known as cradle cap, seborrhea, or dandruff, usually begins on the scalp as oily, waxy patches and can sometimes spread to the face and beyond. Symptoms can also include flaking skin; reddish, somewhat swollen skin; and constant itchiness.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.
  • Nummular dermatitis presents itself as unique, coin-shaped or oval lesions.
  • Current treatments include methods to hydrate the skin (use of a humidifier, use of moisturizers) and the use of topical and/or oral medications (corticosteroids, antibiotics, antihistamine).
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of nummular dermatitis.
  • Neurodermatitis develops when nerve endings in the skin become irritated, triggering a severe itch-scratch-itch cycle. Common causes of nerve irritation include an insect bite and emotional stress.
  • Neurodermatitis occurs more frequently in people who have psoriasis or contact dermatitis, people who have an atopic condition (atopic dermatitis, hayfever, asthma), females, and people between 30 and 50 years of age.
  • Current treatments include administration of a topical corticosteroid, a topical or oral antibiotic, a topical keratolytic, and a sedative/tranquilizer.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of neurodermatitis.
  • Stasis dermatitis also known as gravitational dermatitis, venous dermatitis, or venous stasis dermatitis, develops in the lower legs when circulation becomes sluggish. Poor blood flow leads to fluid build-up. The legs swell, causing the development of a rash that usually itches, painful sores and discolored thinning skin.
  • Current treatments include methods to increase blood flow in the legs as well as the administration of topical and/or oral medications (corticosteroids, antibiotics).
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of stasis dermatitis.
  • Hand dermatitis is not one specific type of eczema but rather any type of eczema that develops on the hands.
  • Hand dermatitis may account for 80% of all job-related skin conditions. People in occupations that involve frequent hand immersion in water are more susceptible to the development of hand dermatitis.
  • Current treatments include administration of topical or oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics, topical tars, and topical calcineurin inhibitors as well as the use of phototherapy or botulinum toxin type A injections.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of hand dermatitis.
  • Occupational dermatitis is not one specific type of eczema but rather any type of eczema that is caused by a person's workplace.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of occupational dermatitis.
  • Treatment of dermatitis employs several classes of therapeutic agents.
  • Immunosuppressive agents to reduce inflammation include corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone and many other related molecules, and immunomodulating agents such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus.
  • Antibacterial agents to suppress bacterial infection include mupirocin, rumblemulin, neomycin, bacitractin, polymyxin, and sulfa.
  • Immunosuppressive agents to reduce inflammation include corticosteroids like prednisone
  • Antibiotics to suppress bacterial infection include tetracycline family, erythromycin macrolide family, penicillin family, cephalosporin family, ciprofloxacin family, and clindamycin.
  • oral antihistamines to reduce the itch and swelling of inflammation include corticosteroids like prednisone
  • compositions as described herein dramatically improves the efficacy of topical steroids while eliminating the need for topical and oral antibiotics. This simpler treatment means better compliance and better success in treatment.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of secondarily infected dermatitis.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one immunosuppressive agent.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one antimicrobial agent.
  • Pitted keratolysis is a distinctive non-inflammatory bacterial infection of the soles of the feet that is characterized by appearance of pits on the soles. It usually occurs in teenagers and young adults with sweat soaked skin due to athletic activities and not changing to dry socks. This wet condition leads to maceration and breakdown of the outer skin layer creating a portal of entry for a specific bacteria: Erythromyces minitussitum . It is foul smelling and gives a “swiss cheese” appearance to the soles of the feet.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of pitted keratolysis.
  • Tinea pedis is thought to be the world's most common dermatophytosis. Reportedly, 70% of the population will be infected with tinea pedis at some time (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091684-overview#a0199).
  • Topical treatment include antifungal agents such as terbenafine, econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, butenafine, tolnaftate, or salicylic acid. All of these agents typically take 2-4 weeks to improve the rash.
  • Oral agents used for the treatment of tinea pedis include griseofulvin, terbenafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole. While effective, these pose risks of toxicity including blood, liver, and heart injury.
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of tinea pedis.
  • compositions disclosed herein include at least one anti-fungal agent.
  • Psoriasis is characterized by red scaly elevated plaques which are often located on elbows and knees but can be extensively spread out on the skin of the trunk, limbs, and scalp. This is a chronic, often recurrent, condition which usually begins in early adulthood and lasts the lifetime. Sometimes children are affected. The rash can be uncomfortable, unsightly, and embarrassing.
  • Topical treatment includes use of antiinflammatory agents (such as corticosteroids to reduce the inflammation in the skin) and antiproliferative agents (such as calcipotriene to reduce the skin overgrowth). Topical agents often have limited effectiveness due to inadequate percutaneous drug delivery through the thickened psoriatic skin. To overcome this obstacle, a topical agent can be covered over with an air impermeable plastic sheet (Saran WrapTM) to increase percutaneous drug delivery. While effective, it is very uncomfortable to wear leading to poor compliance and thus inadequate efficacy.
  • antiinflammatory agents such as corticosteroids to reduce the inflammation in the skin
  • antiproliferative agents such as calcipotriene to reduce the skin overgrowth
  • Topical agents often have limited effectiveness due to inadequate percutaneous drug delivery through the thickened psoriatic skin.
  • Saran WrapTM air impermeable plastic sheet
  • Oral or systemic agents include antiinflammatory agents (such as methotrexate, or cyclosporine), and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (etenercept, infliximab, and similar others). While effective they can damage blood and liver and pose risks of severe toxicity including death.
  • Other modes of therapy include ultraviolet light treatment to suppress epidermal growth (however, one drawback of this treatment is the potential to cause cancer of the skin) and corticosteroid injections into patch suppresses inflammation locally (this is very uncomfortable and can lead to unsightly thinning where injected).
  • compositions and methods described herein are useful for the treatment of psoriasis.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the compositions disclosed herein include at least one anti-prolifertive agent.
  • An assessment of stinging can be made using a superficial skin abrasion model.
  • a superficial skin abrasion model When the skin is disrupted by superficial wounds, subsequently applied materials can sting, burn, and irritate.
  • standardized wounds can be created in the skin, typically on the forearm, by sequential tape stripping repeated until the glistening layer is reached. This glistening layer corresponds to the skin's dermal layer where nerves are located.
  • Materials to be tested on the superficial wounds would include a positive control material, such 70% ethanol solution, a negative control, such as the formulation vehicle without active agents, and the test formulation(s). Each material is applied to a single site on the abraded forearm for a short duration of time, such as 15 seconds. The study subject is then asked to rate the intensity of stinging/burning using a predesignated multi-point scale. Thus, stinging as well as burning sensations can be assessed by this method.
  • irritation of superficial wounds by topical agents commonly used in wound care was assessed using this superficial skin abrasion model (Trookman N S, Rizer R L, Weber T. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol . March 2011; 64(3), Suppl 1:S16-22).
  • the skin was prepared by sequential tape stripping prior to topical application of the materials in the study.
  • One embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application to the skin of a subject in need thereof of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% of an alcohol by volume and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the alcohol is selected from ethanol, isopropanol, or n-propanol.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application to the skin of a subject in need thereof of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% of an alcohol by volume and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion and the alcohol is selected from ethanol, isopropanol, or n-propanol.
  • a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for maintenance therapy.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for maintenance therapy.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for preventive treatment of the skin disease or disorder.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for preventive treatment of the skin disease or disorder.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for prophylactic treatment of the skin disease or disorder.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for prophylactic treatment of the skin disease or disorder.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for treatment of acute or sub-acute skin disease or disorder.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the method is for treatment of acute or sub-acute skin disease or disorder.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method where
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, at least one moisturizing ingredient and at least one excipient, wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, at least one moisturizing ingredient and at least one excipient, wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • moisturizing ingredients include glycerin, hydrogenated polyisobutene, cetearyl alcohol, macadamia nut oil, dimethicone, tocopheryl acetate, stearoxytrimethylsilane, stearyl alcohol, and panthenol.
  • composition comprises from about 2% to about 10% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 2% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 3% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 4% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 5% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 6% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 7% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 8% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 9% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 10% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 6% to about 10% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 5% to about 10% ethanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 11% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 12% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 13% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 14% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 15% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 16% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 15% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 16% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 21% ethanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 21% to about 31% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 25% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 31% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 32% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 25% to about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 35% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 40% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 40% to about 50% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 50% to about 55% ethanol by volume.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is non-comedogenic.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is acne, rosacea, dermatitis, secondarily infected dermatitis, bacterial skin infection, or fungal skin infection. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is dermatitis or eczema. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is atopic dermatitis.
  • topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not irritate the skin.
  • topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not cause subjective irritation of the skin.
  • topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not cause a stinging sensation.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual by killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the microorganisms are bacteria. Examples of such bacteria include Gram positive and Gram negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Non-limiting examples of such bacteria include Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Acinetobacter lwoffi, Corynebacterium spp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus warneri, Streptococcus mitis , and Streptococcus pyogenes .
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the microorganisms are fungi.
  • Non-limiting examples of such fungi include Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum , and Pityrosporum ovale.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% isopropanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% isopropanol by volume, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • the method wherein the composition comprises from about 2% to about 10% isopropanol by volume.
  • the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% isopropanol by volume.
  • the method wherein the composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% isopropanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 30% to about 40% isopropanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 40% to about 50% isopropanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 50% to about 59.9% isopropanol by volume.
  • One embodiment provides a means of applying ethanol to the skin without stinging.
  • One embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% of an alcohol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the alcohol is selected from ethanol, isopropanol, or n-propanol.
  • One embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • One embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% of an alcohol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion and the alcohol is selected from ethanol, isopropanol, or n-propanol.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • composition comprises from about 2% to about 10% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 2% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 3% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 4% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 5% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 6% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 7% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 8% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 9% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 10% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 6% to about 10% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 5% to about 10% ethanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 11% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 12% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 13% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 14% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 15% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 16% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 15% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 16% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 21% ethanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 21% to about 31% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 25% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 31% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises about 32% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 25% to about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 35% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 40% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 40% to about 50% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 50% to about 55% ethanol by volume.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is non-comedogenic.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is acne, rosacea, dermatitis, secondarily infected dermatitis, bacterial skin infection, or fungal skin infection. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is dermatitis or eczema. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the skin disease or disorder is atopic dermatitis.
  • the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid.
  • the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from 21-acetoxypregnenolone, alclometasone, algestone, amcinonide, beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, chloroprednisone, clobetasol, clobetasone, clocortolone, cloprednol, corticosterone, cortisone, cortivazol, deflazacort, desonide, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diflorasone, diflucortolone, difluprednate, enoxolone, fluazacort, flucloronide, flumethasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin butyl, fluocortolone, fluorometholone,
  • the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, betamethasone, fluticasone, triamcinolone, fluocinolone or clobetasol.
  • the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone or fluticasone.
  • the second active ingredient is hydrocortisone.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the second active ingredient is desonide.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the second active ingredient is fluticasone.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the second active ingredient is fluocinolone.
  • the second active ingredient is triamcinolone.
  • topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not irritate the skin.
  • topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not cause subjective irritation of the skin.
  • topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not cause a stinging sensation.
  • Another embodiment provides a method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% isopropanol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% isopropanol by volume, a second active ingredient, and at least one excipient wherein the composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion.
  • composition is a non-homogenous dispersion.
  • the composition is a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • the method wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • the method wherein the composition comprises from about 2% to about 10% isopropanol by volume.
  • the method wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% isopropanol by volume.
  • the method wherein the composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% isopropanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 30% to about 40% isopropanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 40% to about 50% isopropanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 50% to about 59.9% isopropanol by volume.
  • the ratio of ethanol to the second active ingredient in the non-homogeneous composition is fixed during the course of treatment. In some of the methods of treatment disclosed herein, the ratio of ethanol to the second active ingredient in the non-homogeneous composition varies as directed by a physician during the course of treatment. Topical application of the non-homogeneous composition can occur one to four times a day or as directed by a physician. The duration of treatment can vary from one to four weeks or as directed by a physician. In some of the methods of treatment disclosed herein, a non-homogeneous composition comprising ethanol and a second active ingredient is topically applied during the initial course of treatment prior to replacement with another non-homogeneous composition comprising ethanol as maintenance therapy. The course of treatment can optionally include pre-treatment of the area with soap and water and/or occlusion of the treatment area subsequent to application of the non-homogeneous composition described herein.
  • One embodiment provides the method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a non-homogeneous pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration from one to four times a day comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient during the duration of treatment. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the duration of treatment is two weeks. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the duration of treatment is three weeks. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the duration of treatment is four weeks. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is once a day. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is twice a day. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is three times a day. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is four times a day. Another embodiment provides the method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration as directed by a physician comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient during the duration of treatment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 5% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 6% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 7% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 10% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 12% ethanol by volume.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 16% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 21% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the non-homogeneous composition comprising a fixed ratio of the ethanol and the second active ingredient contains 31% ethanol by volume.
  • Another embodiment provides the method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a non-homogeneous pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration from one to four times a day as part of a progressive ratio therapy in which the percentage of ethanol is increased every 2-3 days during the duration of treatment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the duration of treatment is two weeks.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the duration of treatment is three weeks.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the duration of treatment is four weeks.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is once a day.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is twice a day.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is three times a day.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the topical administration is four times a day.
  • Another embodiment provides the method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration as directed by a physician during the duration of treatment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the percentage of ethanol is increased every 2 days during the duration of treatment. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the percentage of ethanol is increased every 3 days during the duration of treatment. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the percentage of ethanol is increased when there is visible improvement of the skin condition during the duration of treatment. Another embodiment provides the method of treating a skin disease or disorder in an individual comprising topical application of a non-homogeneous pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration from one to four times a day as part of a progressive ratio therapy in which the percentage of ethanol was increased as directed by a physician during the duration of treatment.
  • Another embodiment provides the method wherein the initial percentage of ethanol is 5% and the final percentage of ethanol is 31% during the duration of treatment. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the initial percentage of ethanol is 7% and the final percentage of ethanol is 31% during the duration of treatment. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the initial percentage of ethanol is 10% and the final percentage of ethanol is 31% during the duration of treatment. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the initial percentage of ethanol is about 5% to about 10% and the final percentage of ethanol is 31% during the duration of treatment.
  • compositions for the Treatment of Skin Diseases and Disorders are Compositions for the Treatment of Skin Diseases and Disorders
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% of an alcohol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid and the alcohol is selected from ethanol, isopropanol, or n-propanol.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous ointment. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% of an alcohol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion and the alcohol is selected from ethanol, isopropanol, or n-propanol.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogenous emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is selected from salicylic acid, glycolic acid, benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, clindamycin or erythromycin.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is selected from salicylic acid, glycolic acid, benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, clindamycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, or azelaic acid.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is selected from salicylic acid, terbenafine, econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, butenafine, or tolnaftate.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is selected from a corticosteroid, tar derivatives, salicylic acid, calcipotriene, or anthralin.
  • the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from 21-acetoxypregnenolone, alclometasone, algestone, amcinonide, beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, chloroprednisone, clobetasol, clobetasone, clocortolone, cloprednol, corticosterone, cortisone, cortivazol, deflazacort, desonide, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diflorasone, diflucortolone, difluprednate, enoxolone, fluazacort, flucloronide, flumethasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin butyl, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone acetate, fluprednidene acetate,
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, betamethasone, fluticasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone, or clobetasol.
  • the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, triamcinolone, fluocinolone or fluticasone.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is hydrocortisone.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is desonide.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is fluticasone.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is fluocinolone.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the second active ingredient is triamcinolone.
  • composition comprises about 2% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 3% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 4% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 5% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 6% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 7% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 8% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 9% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 10% ethanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 6% to about 10% ethanol by volume.
  • pharmaceutical composition comprises from about 2% to about 10% ethanol by volume.
  • pharmaceutical composition comprises from about 5% to about 10% ethanol by volume.
  • compositions comprising from about 10% to about 20% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 11% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 12% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 13% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 14% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 15% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 16% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 15% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 16% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 21% ethanol by volume.
  • composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the composition comprises from about 21% to about 31% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 25% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 31% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises about 32% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 25% to about 30% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 35% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 40% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 40% to about 50% ethanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition comprises from about 50% to about 55% ethanol by volume.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition is non-comedogenic.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not irritate the skin. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not cause subjective irritation of the skin. Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition wherein topical application of the pharmaceutical composition does not cause a stinging sensation.
  • compositions described herein contain alcohols which provide an antiseptic effect when applied to the skin in high concentrations. By virtue of the non-homogenous nature of the compositions described herein, topical application of these compositions does not produce a stinging sensation when applied to the skin.
  • These alcohols are selected from ethanol, isopropanol (2-propanol), or n-propanol (1-propanol), (Kampf et al, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (2004), 17(4), 863-93). Based on the disclosure provided herein a skilled practitioner can prepare and use the compositions described herein comprising ethanol, isopropanol or n-propanol.
  • compositions containing isopropanol the approximate effective concentration in the bubble-like regions of locally high concentration is about 60% to about 80%.
  • the approximate effective concentration in the bubble-like regions of locally high concentration is about 60% to about 80%.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% isopropanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% isopropanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogenous emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream.
  • compositions wherein the composition comprises from about 2% to about 10% isopropanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% isopropanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% isopropanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 40% isopropanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 40% to about 50% isopropanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 50% to about 59.9% isopropanol by volume. All non-homogeneous pharmaceutical compositions comprising isopropanol disclosed herein do not contain greater than 59.9% isopropanol.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% n-propanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a semisolid dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a semisolid emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous ointment.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% n-propanol by volume, a second active ingredient and at least one excipient wherein said composition is a non-homogenous emulsion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a dispersion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream or a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous lotion.
  • Another embodiment provides the pharmaceutical composition as a non-homogenous cream.
  • compositions wherein the composition comprises from about 2% to about 10% n-propanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 20% n-propanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% n-propanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 30% to about 40% n-propanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 40% to about 50% n-propanol by volume. Another embodiment provides the composition wherein the composition comprises from about 50% to about 59.9% n-propanol by volume. All non-homogeneous pharmaceutical compositions comprising n-propanol disclosed herein do not contain greater than 59.9% n-propanol.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administrations described herein exhibits a viscosity of between about 10,000 and about 1,000,000 centipoise. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administrations described herein exhibits a viscosity of between about 50,000 and about 1,000,000 centipoise. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administrations described herein exhibits a viscosity of between about 150,000 and about 1,000,000 centipoise. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administrations described herein exhibits a viscosity of between about 50,000 and about 600,000 centipoise.
  • a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administrations described herein exhibits a viscosity of between about 100,000 and about 500,000 centipoise.
  • the viscosity is measured at a shear rate of 0.31 s ⁇ 1 using a cone/plate viscometer (Brookfield DVII+Pro viscometer with a CP50 spindle at 0.08 rpm as a reference).
  • compositions described herein are prepared by methods well known in the art of pharmacy described in standard texts, sucha as Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy , Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1995).
  • the processes for preparing the non-homogenous compositions described herein are performed with agitators, mechanical mixers, colloid mills homogenizers, ultrasonic devices, microfluidizers and the like.
  • the bubble-like regions of locally high ethanol concentration can be viewed with the unaided eye.
  • the bubble-like regions of locally high ethanol concentrations require the use of a microscope to visualize.
  • the ointment base is a hydrocarbon base selected from white petrolatum, USP or white ointment, USP.
  • the ointment base is an absorption base selected from hydrophilic petrolatum, USP or lanolin, USP.
  • the ointment base is water-removable base, such as hydrophilic ointment, USP.
  • the ointment base is a water-soluble base, such as polyethylene glycol ointment, NF.
  • composition wherein the composition is a non-homogenous lotion or a non-homogenous cream.
  • the hydrophobic component of a lotion or cream is derived from an animal (e.g., lanolin, cod liver oil, and ambergris), plant (e.g., safflower oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil, or sunflower seed oil), or petroleum (e.g., mineral oil, or petroleum jelly).
  • animal e.g., lanolin, cod liver oil, and ambergris
  • plant e.g., safflower oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil, or sunflower seed oil
  • compositions wherein the composition comprises a thickening agent.
  • the composition disclosed herein further comprises from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, and most preferably from about 0.25% to about 2%, of a thickening agent.
  • the excepient is selected from celluloses, cellulose derivatives, cellulose ethers (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose), guar gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, alginates (e.g., alginic acid), silicates, starch, tragacanth, carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenan, paraffin, petrolatum, acacia (gum arabic), agar, aluminum magnesium silicate, sodium alginate, sodium stearate, bladderwrack, bentonite, carbomer, carrageenan, carbopol, xanthan, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), ceratonia, chondrus, dextrose, furcellaran, gelatin, ghatti gum, guar gum, hectorite, lactose,
  • PEG 200-4500 gum tragacanth, ethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, ethylmethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), oxypolygelatin, pectin, polygeline, povidone, propylene carbonate, methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer (PVM/MA), poly(methoxyethyl methacrylate), poly(methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate), hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC), silicon dioxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP: povidone), or combinations thereof.
  • PVM/MA methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer
  • HPMC sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose
  • CMC silicon
  • Emollients include, but are not limited to, castor oil esters, cocoa butter esters, safflower oil esters, cottonseed oil esters, corn oil esters, olive oil esters, cod liver oil esters, almond oil esters, avocado oil esters, palm oil esters, sesame oil esters, squalene esters, kikui oil esters, soybean oil esters, acetylated monoglycerides, ethoxylated glyceryl monostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, methyl palmitate, decyloleate, isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, methyl isostearate, diis
  • compositions wherein the composition comprises essential oils, fragrances, skin-conditioning agents, skin healing agents, skin protectants (e.g., sunscreens, or ultraviolet light absorbers or scattering agents), skin soothing agents, preservatives or combinations thereof.
  • skin protectants e.g., sunscreens, or ultraviolet light absorbers or scattering agents
  • skin soothing agents e.g., preservatives or combinations thereof.
  • compositions disclosed herein are formulated in any suitable manner. Any suitable technique, carrier, and/or excipient is contemplated for use with the nono-homogenous compositions disclosed herein.
  • Any suitable technique, carrier, and/or excipient is contemplated for use with the nono-homogenous compositions disclosed herein.
  • Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy , Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1995); Hoover, John E., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences , Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa. 1975; Liberman, H. A. and Lachman, L., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Marcel Decker, New York, N.Y., 1980; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems , Eighth Ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2004), Muller, R. H. et al. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59 (2007) 522-530, which are herein incorporated by reference for such disclosures.
  • Another embodiment provides a device to be used by the patient prior to topical application of the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein wherein said device contains two reservoirs: a first reservoir containing a first pharmaceutical composition comprising ethanol a second reservoir containing a second pharmaceutical composition comprising a second active agent. Another embodiment provides the device in which said first and second pharmaceutical compositions from said reservoirs are mixed by said device prior to topical application of the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition. Another embodiment provides the device in which said first and second pharmaceutical compositions from said reservoirs are mixed by said device prior to topical application of the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition such that topical application of said therapeutic pharmaceutical composition does not irritate the skin.
  • Another embodiment provides the device in which said first and second pharmaceutical compositions from said reservoirs are mixed by said device prior to topical application of the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition such that topical application of said therapeutic pharmaceutical composition does not cause subjective irritation of the skin.
  • Another embodiment provides the device in which said first and second pharmaceutical compositions from said reservoirs are mixed by said device prior to topical application of the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition such that topical application of said therapeutic pharmaceutical composition does not cause a stinging sensation.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogeneous semisolid pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, at least one excipient, and a second active ingredient.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous semisolid dispersion.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous semisolid emulsion.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous ointment or a non-homogenous cream.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous ointment.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogeneous emulsion pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising from about 2% to no more than 59.9% ethanol by volume, at least one excipient, and a second active ingredient.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a dispersion.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous lotion or a non-homogenous cream.
  • the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous lotion.
  • the device wherein the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is a non-homogenous cream.
  • the second active ingredient is selected from salicylic acid, glycolic acid, benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, clindamycin or erythromycin.
  • the second active ingredient is selected from salicylic acid, glycolic acid, benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, clindamycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, or azelaic acid.
  • the second active ingredient is selected from salicylic acid, terbenafine, econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, butenafine, or tolnaftate.
  • the second active ingredient is a corticosteroid.
  • the second active ingredient is selected from 21-acetoxypregnenolone, alclometasone, algestone, amcinonide, beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, chloroprednisone, clobetasol, clobetasone, clocortolone, cloprednol, corticosterone, cortisone, cortivazol, deflazacort, desonide, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diflorasone, diflucortolone, difluprednate, enoxolone, fluazacort, flucloronide, flumethasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin butyl, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone acetate
  • the second active ingredient is selected from hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, betamethasone, fluticasone, triamcinolone, fluocinolone or clobetasol.
  • the second active ingredient is hydrocortisone, desonide, mometasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone or fluticasone.
  • the device wherein the second active ingredient is hydrocortisone.
  • Another embodiment provides the device wherein the second active ingredient is desonide.
  • the device wherein the second active ingredient is mometasone.
  • the second active ingredient is fluticasone.
  • Another embodiment provides the device wherein the second active ingredient is fluocinolone.
  • the second active ingredient is triamcinolone.
  • Another embodiment provides a device for the preparation of a non-homogenous ethanol containing topical composition wherein the first pharmaceutical composition is a gel, an emulsion, a dispersion, a lotion, a cream, an ointment, or a solution.
  • the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 10% to about 20% ethanol.
  • the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 20% to about 30% ethanol.
  • the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 30% to about 40% ethanol.
  • Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 40% to about 50% ethanol.
  • Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 50% to about 60% ethanol.
  • the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 60% to about 70% ethanol. Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 70% to about 80% ethanol. Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 80% to about 90% ethanol. Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 25% to about 35% ethanol. Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 35% to about 45% ethanol. Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 45% to about 55% ethanol. Another embodiment provides the device wherein the first pharmaceutical composition containing ethanol comprises from about 55% to about 65% ethanol.
  • Another embodiment provides a device for the preparation of a non-homogenous ethanol containing topical composition wherein said device comprises means for mixing, agitating, shaking, stirring or blending a first pharmaceutical composition with a second pharmaceutical composition.
  • Another embodiment provides a device for the preparation of a non-homogenous ethanol containing topical composition wherein said device comprises containing means for a first pharmaceutical composition, containing means for a second pharmaceutical composition, blending means to produce a non-homogenous composition, and dispensing means.
  • Another embodiment provides the device wherein the blending means is an enclosed chamber.
  • the dispensing means is a contoured opening in the blending chamber.
  • Another embodiment provides the device wherein the therapeutic pharmaceutical composition is non-comedogenic.
  • a 100-g batch of ethanol gel formulation is prepared by suspending 0.5 g of carbomer USP in 62 g ethanol and about 30 g of water. The resulting mixture is agitated to ensure complete dissolution. The pH of the solution is adjusted to pH 7 by the addition of about 2.5 g of 10% NaOH solution and the resulting solution is brought to 100 g total mass by the addition of about 5 g of water. The resulting material is packaged in a tube, bottle, or pump dispenser.
  • Corticosteroid ointment and 62% ethanol gel were thoroughly mixed together. Volumes of the 62% ethanol and corticosteroid ointment varied and were dependent on the desired ratio of the two components (see Table 1). The composition was immediately topically applied.
  • compositions were prepared using the general method presented in Example 1-2.
  • compositions were prepared using the general method presented in Example 1-2.
  • compositions were prepared using the general method presented in Example 1-2.
  • Moisturizing lotion, cream or ointment and 62% ethanol gel were thoroughly mixed together. Volumes of the 62% ethanol gel and moisturizing lotion, cream, or ointment varied and were dependent on the desired ratio of the two components. The composition was immediately topically applied.
  • Dermatitis is a common form of red, scaly, itchy patches which frequently is infected due to the patients scratching their itchy areas.
  • Conventional treatment is based on use of topical steroid creams, and oral or topical antibiotics. Treatment often is only partly helpful and patients often are reluctant to use oral antibiotics due to potential side effects.
  • Several patients have presented with secondarily infected dermatitis and participated in the new course of treatment.
  • the median improvement score was 87%.
  • the mean improvement score was 90%. 98% of the patients achieved 75% or greater improvement compared to pretreatment. Treatment was well tolerated. None of the patients had to stop treatment due to irritation. Patients using compositions of different ratios of the mometasone ointment and ethanol gel, ranging from 10:1 (mometasone ointment/ethanol gel) to 1:1, achieved comparable results in this study.
  • Desonide 0.05% hydrogel and desonide 0.05% ointment provided 25% and 34% success, respectively, after 2 weeks of therapy and 25% and 52% success, respectively, after 3-6 weeks of therapy (Trookman N S, Rizer R L. Randomized Controlled Trial of Desonlde Hydrogel 0.05% versus Desonide Ointment 0.05% in the Treatment of Mild-to-moderate Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol . November 2011; 4(11): 34-38).
  • desonide 0.05% hydrogel and its hydrogel vehicle provided 19% and 3% success, respectively, after 2 weeks of therapy and 39% and 11% success, respectively, after 3-6 weeks of therapy (Hebert A A, Cook-Bolden F E, Basu S, Calvarese B, Trancik R J. Safety and efficacy of desonide hydrogel 0.05% in pediatric subjects with atopic dermatitis. J Drugs Dermatol . February 2007; 6(2):175-81).
  • the desonide hydrogel contains propylene glycol in its vehicle and the desonide ointment contains no alcohol.
  • prototype non-homogenous ointment consisting of a mixture of desonide/ethanol in fixed or progressive ratios led to 88% success after two weeks of twice daily treatment (data shown in Table 2).
  • the prototype non-homogenous ointment provided better results in a shorter period of time. In all studies, success was defined as the percentage of patients that achieved 75% or better improvement compared to baseline.
  • mometasone 0.1% cream provided 50% success after 3 weeks of therapy (Rafanelli A, Rafanelli S, Stanganelli I, et. al. Mometasone furoate in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 1993; 2(3):225-230).
  • mometasone 0.1% cream led to 63% success after 3 weeks of therapy (Vernon H J, Lane A T, Weston W.
  • the mometasone 0.1% cream included propylene glycol stearate (55% monoester) in its vehicle.
  • Use of the prototype non-homogenous ointment consisting of a mixture of mometasone/ethanol in fixed or progressive ratios provided 98% success after only two weeks of twice daily treatment (data in Table 5). In all studies, success was defined as percentage of patients achieving 75% or better improvement compared to baseline.
  • Demographics 7 patients with chronic recurrent eczema entered the trial. Prior to starting the trial all had cleared their eczema rash using rash treatment prototype topical therapy. All had a past history of conventional moisturizers failing to prevent recurrence of eczema within 10 days of stopping prior rash therapy.
  • Protocol All used maintenance non-homogenous lotion twice a day.
  • the maintenance non-homogenous lotion was CetaphilTM moisturizing lotion mixed in a ratio of 1:1 with 62% ethanol gel immediately before application.
  • the maintenance prototype was strikingly effective in maintaining patients rash-free.
  • a 26-year old man with eczema on the hand was treated twice daily for three days with a mixture of triamcinolone 0.1% ointment in a 5:1 ratio with 62% ethanol gel.
  • the pre-treatment bacterial culture from the eczematous rash reported growth of S. aureus .
  • the post-treatment bacterial culture performed after three days of treatment showed no S. aureus present.
  • a 92-year old man with eczema on the hand was treated twice daily for seven days with a mixture of fluocinolone 0.1% ointment in a 1:1 ratio with 62% ethanol gel.
  • the pre-treatment bacterial culture from the eczematous rash reported growth of S. aureus .
  • the post-treatment bacterial culture performed after seven days of treatment showed no S. aureus present.
  • test In a study with 20 subjects, this test is performed on a total of 6 sites on each subject: three test sites on each arm. Tape is used to sequentially strip the skin until the glistening layer is visible.
  • the test materials include a positive stinging control (70% ethanol solution), a negative stinging control (formulation vehicle without ethanol) and the novel formulation with ethanol (with or without a second active agent). Each material is applied to a single site on each forearm to allow for a separate determination of response consistency. Each material is applied for 15 seconds to each site. Each subject reports the intensity of the stinging/burning sensation on a 0-4 point scale. The outcome of the study is determined by comparing the scores of all the sites.

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US13/633,832 US8580286B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2012-10-02 Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases
US13/787,680 US8647671B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2013-03-06 Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases
US14/034,358 US9034351B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2013-09-23 Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases
US14/150,690 US20140179649A1 (en) 2012-03-16 2014-01-08 Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases
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CN104473865A (zh) * 2014-11-17 2015-04-01 重庆华邦制药有限公司 地奈德凝胶剂及其制备方法
US9034351B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2015-05-19 Dale L. Pearlman Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases
US20160184220A1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2016-06-30 Avadim Technologies, Inc. Method for the Prevention and Treatment of Acne
US10046137B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2018-08-14 Avadim Technologies, Inc. Method for maintenance of urethral catheters
US10111956B2 (en) 2013-06-03 2018-10-30 Tolmar, Inc. Corticosteroid compositions
CN112263542A (zh) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-26 澳美制药厂有限公司 地奈德纳米乳凝胶组合物及其制备方法
US12447188B2 (en) 2019-06-12 2025-10-21 Avadim Holdings, Inc. Compositions and methods for the antiseptic treatment of biofilms on mammalian tissue

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CN116059157B (zh) * 2022-12-29 2025-02-18 江苏知原药业股份有限公司 一种地奈德乳膏的制备工艺

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US9034351B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2015-05-19 Dale L. Pearlman Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin diseases
US10111956B2 (en) 2013-06-03 2018-10-30 Tolmar, Inc. Corticosteroid compositions
US10046137B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2018-08-14 Avadim Technologies, Inc. Method for maintenance of urethral catheters
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US20160184220A1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2016-06-30 Avadim Technologies, Inc. Method for the Prevention and Treatment of Acne
US10071052B2 (en) * 2014-11-19 2018-09-11 Avadim Technologies, Inc. Method for the prevention and treatment of acne
US12447188B2 (en) 2019-06-12 2025-10-21 Avadim Holdings, Inc. Compositions and methods for the antiseptic treatment of biofilms on mammalian tissue
CN112263542A (zh) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-26 澳美制药厂有限公司 地奈德纳米乳凝胶组合物及其制备方法

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