US20120272552A1 - Cutter head for dredging ground, cutter suction dredger provided with such a cutter head and use of the cutter head for dredging ground - Google Patents

Cutter head for dredging ground, cutter suction dredger provided with such a cutter head and use of the cutter head for dredging ground Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120272552A1
US20120272552A1 US13/382,514 US201013382514A US2012272552A1 US 20120272552 A1 US20120272552 A1 US 20120272552A1 US 201013382514 A US201013382514 A US 201013382514A US 2012272552 A1 US2012272552 A1 US 2012272552A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cutter head
cutting tools
support arms
ground
cutter
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Abandoned
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US13/382,514
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English (en)
Inventor
Bruno Tack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dredging International NV
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Dredging International NV
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Application filed by Dredging International NV filed Critical Dredging International NV
Assigned to DREDGING INTERNATIONAL N.V. reassignment DREDGING INTERNATIONAL N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TACK, BRUNO
Publication of US20120272552A1 publication Critical patent/US20120272552A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2866—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits for rotating digging elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
    • E02F3/9212—Mechanical digging means, e.g. suction wheels, i.e. wheel with a suction inlet attached behind the wheel
    • E02F3/9225—Mechanical digging means, e.g. suction wheels, i.e. wheel with a suction inlet attached behind the wheel with rotating cutting elements
    • E02F3/9231—Suction wheels with axis of rotation parallel to longitudinal axis of the suction pipe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cutter head for dredging ground under the water surface, this cutter head being suitable for attachment to the ladder of a cutter suction dredger and for being moved over the ground therewith in a lateral sweeping movement.
  • the invention also relates to a cutter suction dredger provided with such a cutter head, and to the use of the cutter head for dredging ground, in particular relatively hard ground.
  • a cutter head of the type described in the preamble is for instance known from NL-1031253.
  • the known cutter head is a revolving body which is rotatable around a central axis and formed by a base ring and a hub placed at a distance therefrom and concentrically thereto, between which extend a number of support arms provided with cutting tools.
  • the known cutting tools are bit-like, which means that they comprise a flattened part at their free outer end, with the end surface of which they make contact with the ground over a determined linear distance. For a good cutting action the cutting tools must be first to come into contact with the ground during rotation of the known cutter head. The cutting tools are therefore situated on a leading part of the support arms as seen in the direction of rotation of the cutter head.
  • the cutter head is applied in combination with a cutter suction dredger (also referred to as cutter dredger).
  • a cutter suction dredger comprises a vessel anchored in the ground by means of so-called spud posts. Owing to this anchoring the reaction forces occurring during dredging can be absorbed and transmitted to the ground.
  • Attached to the ladder of the cutter suction dredger is a suction conduit which is connected to the cutter head and along which the dredged ground is removed.
  • the cutter head is set into rotation and with ladder and suction conduit lowered into the water at a generally oblique angle until it touches the ground.
  • the cutter head is dragged through the ground by hauling the ladder alternately from port side to starboard side using winches.
  • the end surfaces of the cutting tools strike the ground with great force under the weight of the cutter head, ladder and suction conduit. Via passage openings between the support arms the hereby formed fragments are suctioned up and discharged by the suction conduit. A whole ground surface can be dredged by moving the cutter suction dredger over a determined distance at a time and repeating the above stated sweeping movement.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,319,415 discloses a cutter head for a cutter.
  • the cutter head comprises a revolving body that is rotatable around an axis of revolution and which is formed by a base ring and a hub located at a distance thereof, between which a number of support arms extend.
  • the support arms are provided with teeth holders for cutting teeth.
  • the teeth holders have a T-shaped profile with which they can be releasably attached to the support arms.
  • WO 2005/035884 A describes a robotic manipulator for removing a worn tooth from a dredger cutter head, and for replacing the removed tooth with a new tooth.
  • the manipulator is installed on a dredger vessel.
  • the disclosed cutter heads are of the usual type including about 5 support arms carrying about 8 teeth each.
  • GB-A-2 032 492 discloses a cutter head comprising a central hub onto which at least one spiral-helical web is mounted.
  • the web is provided with an array of cutter bits spaced along the web and projecting therefrom such that in use successive bits on the same web cut deeper than a previous bit.
  • NL-A-8 104 969 discloses a conventional cutter head for a cutter suction dredger, the cutter head comprising the usual amount of 5 support arms with about 8 teeth attached to it.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,210 discloses an adapter for a cutter head.
  • the adapter is rotatable around a longitudinal and a transverse axis, such that the optimum cutting angle of the cutting teeth can be adjusted.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,011 discloses a cutting tooth for a cutter dredger that may be attached to a support arm of a cutter head by clamping part of it in an adapter, making use of an intermittent flexible element.
  • the known cutter head has the drawback that relatively hard ground, such as for instance rock, defined in the context of the present application as ground with an Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of at least 50 MPa, either cannot be dredged or can only be dredged with limited efficiency.
  • UCS Unconfined Compressive Strength
  • the UCS is a concept known to the skilled person and represents the compressive strength of a ground mass, the side walls of which are not supported during compression.
  • Efficiency is understood in the context of this application to mean the volume of ground dredged per unit of time and unit of power.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a cutter head for a cutter suction dredger which, in addition to other advantages, can dredge ground surfaces more efficiently and which makes it particularly possible to dredge relatively hard types of ground with an increased efficiency relative to the known cutter head.
  • a cutter head which comprises a revolving body which is rotatable around a central axis and which is formed by a base ring and a hub placed at a distance therefrom, between which extend a number of support arms provided with cutting tools, wherein the cutter head comprises at least 50 cutting tools, which cutting tools are axisymmetrical at least at their free outer end, and preferably along their entire length, thereby allowing free rotation around their longitudinal axis.
  • the known cutting tools are relatively wide at their free outer end to be able to withstand the great forces to which they are subjected during the dredging.
  • the weight of the underwater components of the cutter suction dredger is after all distributed over the contact surface area between the cutting tools and the ground.
  • this contact surface area is relatively large, whereby the force transmitted to the ground is distributed over a relatively large surface area.
  • the average pressure on the contact surface is thus kept limited, whereby breaking of the cutting tools is prevented.
  • the cutting tools according to the invention are axisymmetrical at least at their free outer end, and come into contact with the ground with this part, the cutting tools already penetrate the ground at relatively low forces.
  • the pressure exerted locally on the ground is moreover relatively high, whereby the ground, and particularly relatively hard ground, is crushed effectively.
  • US-A-4 488 608 describes a rotary stone-cutting head for cutting dry rock and the like, the cutting head carrying conical cutting tools, a part of which comprise a hardened (Tungsten carbide) insert.
  • the tools having the inserts are placed in a somewhat retracted position vis-a-vis the other cutter tools to avoid early breakage when coming in contact with an irregular rock surface.
  • a preferred embodiment of the cutter head has the feature that the cutting tools are rotation-symmetrical, and are more preferably of conical form. Such a geometry allows higher average pressures to be transmitted to the ground than is possible with the known cutting tool.
  • a further advantage of the cutting tool according to the invention, and particularly the conical preferred variant, is that, owing to its shape, it takes up less space than the known cutting tool. It hereby becomes possible to provide the cutter head with a large number of cutting tools, and this has been found advantageous for the dredging efficiency of the cutter head. For the same reason the passage openings which are present between the support arms of the cutter head and along which the dredged ground is discharged can likewise be smaller than is the case in the known cutter head. This is because the cutting tools according to the invention obstruct the passage less. The number of support arms can hereby also increase.
  • the cutting tools comprise a substantially cylindrical shank part with a reduced diameter with respect to a conical top part.
  • the cutting tool according to this embodiment is arranged with its cylindrical shank part in coupling means, provided on the arms of the cutter head.
  • the coupling means preferably comprise a block socket with a central bore in which the cylindrical shank part is inserted for ready rotation.
  • the conical part will protrude outside the block socket over an active length, which is relatively short in comparison with the total length of the cutting tool. This has the advantage that much larger forces can be withstood than with the state of the art cutting teeth.
  • the block socket moreover effectively supports the cutting tool against bending deformations.
  • the cutting tools have a length protruding outside its holder lying between 10 and 500 mm, more preferably between 20 and 250 mm, and most preferably between 50 and 150 mm.
  • the cutting tool is arranged, preferably in its socket, such that it can be rotated freely or at least readily around its axis of rotation-symmetry. This is possible due to the fact that the cutting tools are rotation-symmetric. Allowing free or ready rotation of the tools during operation reduces the risk for breakage and also self-sharpens the soil-contacting tip of the cutting tools by friction with the soil. The useful life of the cutting tools is hereby extended and precious time is saved in not having to replace broken or blunt cutting tools frequently.
  • the conical part of the cutting tool is preferably provided with a hardened tip at the outer end which comes into contact with the soil.
  • the tip may for instance be made of carbide.
  • the cutter head according to the invention is characterized in that the top part of the conical cutting tools has a radius of curvature of a maximum of 500 mm, more preferably of a maximum of 350 mm, still more preferably of a maximum of 100 mm, and most preferably of a maximum of 50 mm.
  • the top part of the conical cutting tools has a radius of curvature lying between 1 and 100 mm, and more preferably between 5 and 80 mm.
  • the cutting tools comprise a holder in which a conical hard metal insert is received.
  • a preferred embodiment of the cutter head according to the invention has the feature that the cutter head comprises at least 5 support arms, more preferably at least 10 support arms, and most preferably at least 15 support arms. It is even possible for the cutter head to comprise a revolving surface provided with passage openings between the base ring and the hub. The part of the revolving surface lying between the openings then forms the ‘support arms’ of the cutter head. Another option is to provide the cutter head with axially running support arms on which are mounted transverse arms running in the peripheral direction.
  • the number of cutting tools can be varied within broad limits, wherein it is advantageous if the number of cutting tools is as high as possible.
  • the cutter head according to the invention comprises at least 100 cutting tools, still more preferably at least 140 cutting tools, and most preferably at least 180 cutting tools.
  • the cutting tools can here be distributed regularly, but also irregularly, over the revolving surface of the cutter head.
  • the number of cutting tools per support arm preferably comprises at least 10 cutting tools, more preferably at least 15 cutting tools, still more preferably at least 20 cutting tools, and most preferably at least 25 cutting tools.
  • the cutter head according to the invention cuts the ground in a fundamentally different manner than the known cutter head. Where the known cutter head strikes large fragments out of the ground with great force, the cutter head according to the invention will break off much smaller pieces of ground. Owing to the greater number of cutting tools in the direction of rotation of the cutter head the ground is moreover cut in more rapid succession. This operation is found to result in a higher efficiency, particularly in harder grounds.
  • the support arms comprise a first series of cutting tools on a leading part as seen in the direction of rotation of the cutter head, and at least one support arm comprises a second series of cutting tools on a part facing away from the central axis.
  • a part of a support arm facing away from the central axis with cutting tools, an improved efficiency is obtained.
  • the connection of the cutting tools to the part of the support arm facing away from the central axis is sufficiently strong to transmit to the support arm the forces resulting from the cutting tools striking against particularly hard ground such as rock. More cutting tools can in this way be placed on a single support arm than according to the prior art. This provides advantages, particularly in the dredging of relatively hard ground.
  • the cutting tools of the first series on a support arm are offset relative to the cutting tools of the second series. This further increases the efficiency of the dredging process. Because the cutting tools are offset, an increased working area of the cutting tools is obtained. This is because cutting tools of the second series are not obstructed by cutting tools of the first series.
  • the support arms have a length and the cutting tools are located on either side of the middle of the support arms along a maximum of 80% of the length of the support arm.
  • the absence of cutting tools close to the outer ends of the support arms is not found to adversely affect the efficiency of the cutter head, while owing to this measure the construction of the cutter becomes simpler and therefore cheaper.
  • the presence of cutting tools close to the hub of the cutter head is advantageous for the progression of the cutter head.
  • the cutting tools can be formed integrally with the support arms of the cutter head. Another method is to connect them directly to the support arms, for instance by welding cutting tools embodied substantially in steel to support arms manufactured substantially from steel, this resulting in a strong connection.
  • the cutting tools can particularly be connected to the support arms via coupling means. Cutting tools can hereby be replaced easily, which may be necessary as a result of wear or damage. It is advantageous here to connect the coupling means themselves integrally with the support arms, such as by making use of a welded connection.
  • the support arms of the cutter head are provided with guides on which the coupling means and/or the cutting tools are displaceably mounted.
  • a suitable guide comprises for instance a guide rail over which the coupling means and/or the cutting tools can slide.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a cutter head according to the present invention for cutting into ground parts a ground with an Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of between 50-200 MPa, preferably between 60-150 MPa and most preferably 80-100 MPa.
  • UCS Unconfined Compressive Strength
  • the invention also relates to a cutter suction dredger provided with a cutter head according to the present invention.
  • ground and in particular relatively hard ground, i.e. a ground with a UCS of more than 50 MPa, can be dredged with an improved efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a part of a cutter suction dredger with a ladder attached thereto and provided with a cutter head according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cutter head according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a detail of a cutting tool according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a detail of a cutting tool according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a detail of a cutting tool according to still another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cutter suction dredger 1 on which a ladder 2 is mounted pivotally around a horizontal shaft 3 .
  • Ladder 2 is provided with a suction pipe 4 which can suction up the loosened ground parts to a level above water surface 100 , after which they are discharged.
  • Ladder 2 is hauled over the ground surface 9 for dredging or breaking by means of a winch 5 which is arranged on the deck of cutter suction dredger 1 and is provided with a number of swing winches (not shown) and ladder winch 8 .
  • Ladder 2 is provided on the outer end thereof with a cutter head 10 according to the invention.
  • Cutter head 10 can be lowered under water by means of the ladder winch cables 8 and moved during use over ground surface 9 in a reciprocating, sweeping movement from the port side to the starboard side of cutter suction dredger 1 and back.
  • cutter suction dredger 1 is anchored in the ground by means of a spud post 101 .
  • FIG. 1 shows the left-hand (starboard) spud post in unanchored position and the right-hand (port side) spud post in anchored position.
  • cutter head 10 comprises a revolving body 11 which can be set into rotation around its rotation axis 12 by means of drive means (not shown).
  • Rotation axis 12 herein coincides with the central axis of cutter head 10 .
  • revolving body 11 is set into rotation in clockwise direction R as seen from the bridge.
  • Support arms 15 extend spirally between a base ring 13 and a hub 14 located at a distance from base ring 13 , these support arms 15 being connected to base ring 13 and hub 14 .
  • Support arms 15 are here arcuate, wherein the convex sides are directed in the rotation direction R.
  • Base ring 13 , hub 14 and support arms 15 are manufactured substantially from steel.
  • Support arms 15 are herein placed regularly round the periphery of cutter head 10 .
  • Passage openings 16 are located between support arms 15 .
  • Coupling means 17 manufactured substantially from steel are welded to a leading edge 15 a of support arms 15 relative to the rotation direction of cutter head 10 for the purpose of coupling a first series of cutting tools to support arms 15 .
  • Coupling means 17 likewise manufactured substantially from steel are welded to the edge 15 b of support arms 15 facing away from the central axis of cutter head 10 for the purpose of coupling a second series of cutting tools 20 to support arms 15 .
  • Coupling means 17 are oriented such that the front side or striking side of cutting tools 20 of the first and second series are directed in rotation direction R.
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment of a cutting tool 20 is shown.
  • the shown cutting tool 20 with overall length 27 comprises a substantially cylindrical part 22 with diameter 25 , and a conical second part 23 .
  • Cutting tool 20 can be arranged with cylindrical part 22 in an above described coupling means 17 of cutter head 1 , for instance by means of a snap connection 220 .
  • a permanent connection is also possible, or other form of releasable connection.
  • Conical part 23 of cutting tool 20 is provided with a hardened tip 28 at the outer end which comes into contact with the soil.
  • the appropriate radius of curvature of the tops of cutting tools 20 depends on, among other factors, the properties of the ground and on the specific design of the cutter head, but preferably lies between 1 and 100 mm.
  • a suitable overall length 27 of a cutting tool 20 preferably amounts to between 20 and 400 mm.
  • Suitable transverse dimensions 25 preferably amount to between 10 and 100 mm.
  • the cutting tools 20 have a length 26 protruding outside holder 17 lying between 10 and 500 mm, more preferably between 20 and 250 mm, and most preferably between 50 and 150 mm.
  • the cutting tool 20 is preferably coupled to the support arms 15 through coupling means 17 in the form of a block socket with a central bore 170 in which the cylindrical shank part 22 of a cutting tool 20 is inserted for ready rotation.
  • the conical part 23 with the carbide tip 28 protrudes outside the block socket over an active length that is relatively short in comparison with the total length of the cutting tool 20 .
  • the block socket 17 supports the cutting tool 20 against bending deformations and allows to transfer large compressive forces in the axial direction 171 of the cutting tool 20 .
  • the cutting tool 20 is inserted into the central bore 170 from the left until the snap connection 220 engages a corresponding annular groove 221 in the socket.
  • the cutting tool 20 In the engaged state, the cutting tool 20 is free to rotate around the axis 171 in the central bore 170 , due to the fact that the cutting tool 20 is rotation-symmetric. This rotation may be hindered somewhat by frictional forces between the outer surface of the shank part 22 and the inner surface of the central bore 170 , or between the contact surfaces of socket and conical part 23 , but is essential a free rotation.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , uses a separate holding ring 172 with a slot 173 such that it may be made smaller by compressing it. Once engaged with a corresponding annular groove 221 (as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 ) it expands and leaves the outer surface of the shank part 22 free to rotate. Locking of the cutting tool 20 in the axial direction 171 is accomplished by engagement of the rear part 222 of cutting tool 20 against the annular ring 172 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
US13/382,514 2009-07-06 2010-07-05 Cutter head for dredging ground, cutter suction dredger provided with such a cutter head and use of the cutter head for dredging ground Abandoned US20120272552A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2009/0412 2009-07-06
BE2009/0412A BE1018585A3 (nl) 2009-07-06 2009-07-06 Snijkop voor het baggeren van grond, snijkopzuiger voorzien van een dergelijke snijkop, en gebruik van de snijkop voor het baggeren van grond.
PCT/EP2010/059568 WO2011003869A1 (en) 2009-07-06 2010-07-05 Cutter head for dredging ground, cutter suction dredger provided with such a cutter head and use of the cutter head for dredging ground

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US20120272552A1 true US20120272552A1 (en) 2012-11-01

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US13/382,514 Abandoned US20120272552A1 (en) 2009-07-06 2010-07-05 Cutter head for dredging ground, cutter suction dredger provided with such a cutter head and use of the cutter head for dredging ground

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US20120272552A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP2452022B2 (ja)
JP (1) JP5856053B2 (ja)
AR (1) AR077551A1 (ja)
AU (1) AU2010270277B2 (ja)
BE (1) BE1018585A3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2438503T5 (ja)
HK (1) HK1166829A1 (ja)
MX (1) MX2012000292A (ja)
MY (1) MY173705A (ja)
NZ (1) NZ597501A (ja)
PT (1) PT2452022E (ja)
SG (1) SG177457A1 (ja)
TW (1) TWI523995B (ja)
WO (1) WO2011003869A1 (ja)
ZA (1) ZA201200095B (ja)

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US20110271561A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2011-11-10 Dredging International N.V. Cutter Head for Dredging Ground and Method for Dredging Using this Cutter Head
US20140232171A1 (en) * 2013-02-15 2014-08-21 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Air flow system for mining machine
US20170043419A1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Cutting Tool for a Large Diameter Travelling Pipe Cutter
USD808449S1 (en) 2016-03-11 2018-01-23 Wirtgen Gmbh Chisel
USD819098S1 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-05-29 Wirtgen Gmbh Chisel
US10046479B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-08-14 Wirtgen Gmbh Tool holder and combination of a tool holder and tool

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MY173705A (en) 2020-02-17
ES2438503T5 (es) 2021-11-03
TWI523995B (zh) 2016-03-01
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AU2010270277B2 (en) 2015-11-12
SG177457A1 (en) 2012-02-28
AU2010270277A1 (en) 2012-02-02
WO2011003869A1 (en) 2011-01-13
EP2452022A1 (en) 2012-05-16
AR077551A1 (es) 2011-09-07
EP2452022B1 (en) 2013-09-11
TW201114988A (en) 2011-05-01
MX2012000292A (es) 2012-02-08
ES2438503T3 (es) 2014-01-17
EP2452022B2 (en) 2021-01-27
ZA201200095B (en) 2012-09-26
PT2452022E (pt) 2013-12-16
JP5856053B2 (ja) 2016-02-09
JP2012532263A (ja) 2012-12-13
BE1018585A3 (nl) 2011-04-05

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